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Eustachain tube (ET) dysfunction can aggravate the morbidity in ICU patients, but is often ignored. In this prospective observational study we followed a cohort of patients (without pre-existing ET dysfunction) requiring in-patient management, hospitalized either to ICU or to non ICU wards, for any development of ET dysfunction during hospitalization.Patients requiring hospitalization to ICU or non ICU wards from Dec 2018 to Jun 2019 were included. Those with pre-existing ET dysfunction, disease of ear/nose or sinuses, head neck tumours and history of radiotherapy or glucocorticoid therapy were excluded. All patients were evaluated by serial tympanometry. Type A curve was considered normal while type B, C1 and C2 were considered as ET dysfunction.There were 385 patients, 258 (67.01%) males and 127 (32.99%) females in the ICU group; while non ICU group comprised 129 patients, 86 (66.67%) males and 43 (33.33%) females. ET dysfunction developed in 107 (27.79%) patients in ICU group, but only in 3 (2.3%) in non ICU group (Relative risk 11.95, 95% CI 3.86 to 36.99, P 0.0001). Within ICU, ET dysfunction showed significant positive association with endotracheal intubation, Ramsay sedation score and number of days on tracheostomy; but not with age, male gender, number of days in ICU, mechanical ventilation or route of feeding.Our study demonstrates high incidence of ET dysfunction in patients admitted to ICU.

A reliable design of protective water barrier pillars is critically essential for safe operation in underground mine workings. Different approaches are applied for the design of such barrier pillars, but none of them have ever evolved as a standard. This paper presents the outcome of a literature review covering various aspects of protective water barrier pillar design, including its hydro-mechanical modeling. Width/height (w/h) ratio, cover depth, water head, permeability, and discontinuities have been identified as the critical parameters influencing the performance of such protective pillars. For a given water head and the depth of cover, a lower w/h ratio of the pillar can result in an increased seepage from the pillars and inundation hazard in the worst condition. The review shows that in-depth research is required for an improved understanding of the mechanism of water flow and the failure of such pillars. This will not only help in assessing the adequacy of existing pillars but also in forming guidelines for the design of new protective pillars based on an updated knowledge base and improved understanding of the subject.

The depths of open-pit mines have been increasing in the last few decades. This transformation generates a vast amount of waste rock material per unit mining area imposing a significant economic, social and environmental liability on the mine operators. The scarcity of dumping land along with the rise in population, competing urbanization and associated environmental clearance problems require accommodating this ever-growing volume of waste rock material at restricted available space. On the contrary, the frequency of accidents due to the instability of the waste dump slope structures has also increased, resulting in significant fatalities, apart from the economic, social and environmental impacts of these disasters. Numerous scientific studies have been conducted to reduce the occurrence of such incidents. This paper conducts a critical review of the numerical modelling-based stability analysis of such waste dump slope structures. The popularly cited cases of dump slope instability have been analysed to synthesize pertinent findings regarding the approach of stability analysis, broader design criteria, and optimization. The critical parameters to numerical modelling-based design of a safe dump slope structure are discussed in detail. The significant output parameters, apart from the factor of safety, are also outlined for evaluating the state of stability.

Background Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a cause for concern, especially in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients. Endogenous bowel microflora in HSCT patients get replaced by hospital multidrug resistant flora and pose risk of serious bacterial infection during the pre-engraftment stage. For decades, many methods to reduce the translocation of gut microbiota in HSCT patients have been attempted. Despite the logic, of using prophylactic antibiotics, there is no consensus on standard regimen. Personalized antibiotic prophylaxis-based on gut microbiota and clinical profile has been suggested by researchers. In this study, gut microbiota in HSCT recipients has been studied with antimicrobial susceptibility testing and detection of various antibiotic resistance phenotypes. Methods Seventy-six HSCT patients (2016–2018) were included. Stool surveillance cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed. Bacterial isolates were classified into various antibiotic resistance phenotypes. Results This study revealed that 73.75% HSCT recipients had gut colonized with antibiotic resistance microbiota which included extended-spectrum β-lactamase-, multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant phenotypes. Conclusion This study reiterates the importance of individual profiling of gut microbiota in HSCT patients.

Introduction: Obesity is emerging as a serious problem throughout the world, not only among adults but also children, teenagers and young adults. Of the factors contributing to obesity, stress seems to be particularly important as stressful condition leads to irregularity in diet, lack of exercise and addiction, each being considered an independent factor leading to obesity. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of overweight and obesity among medical students. To study the effects of physical activity on over weight /obesity and its Barriers among medical students of Rama Medical College Mandhana (Kanpur). Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among total 200 subjects included by simple random sampling method out of 480 medical students. Material and Methods: Anthropometric measurements (height and weight) were taken as per WHO criteria. Body mass index were calculated and classified accordingly as under weight normal weight, over weight and obese. Details of factors influencing BMI were obtained using a pretested questionnaire in a pilot study. Results The study revealed high prevalence of overweight/Obesity (33.6% with 95% CI 33.5%-40%).Out of 200 subjects (25.5%)were overweight and (8.1%) found obese respectively rest 61% subjects with Normal weight and 5.5% were under weight. In our study only 106 (57%) subjects were physically active and 94 (47%) were physically not active having deferent barriers to physical activity. Among those who were physically not active, 22(23.40%) students reported personal barriers as a cause for physical inactivity. 23(24.46%) were having psychological barriers. But majority of subjects 49 (52.13%) were having social cognitive behavior related barriers to physical activity. Conclusion: Increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among medical students were observed. The importance of regular physical activity and certain aspects of healthy life style are to be stressed. Social cognitive behavior related barriers to physical activity should be removed among future doctors who are not physically active. Keywords: Obesity, overweight, BMI, Physical activity, Barriers to physical activity.

The nitrogen concentration of ultrathin gate oxides (sub-1.3 nm) was varied in a wide range (from 13 % to 23 %). The threshold voltage and the channel carrier mobility of advanced 65 nm technology CMOSFET transistors fabricated with these oxides were analyzed. It was observed that increasing the nitrogen concentration in the gate oxide results in a negative shift of the threshold voltage for both NMOS and PMOS devices and a degradation of the hole mobility. It was also observed that pchannel transistors are more sensitive to the nitrogen concentration of the gate oxide than n-channel transistors.

Background: A person’s adherence to the prevention measures is essential for controlling the spread of COVID-19, which can be explain by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on COVID-19. Thus, we conducted a survey to investigate the KAP on COVID-19 among the medical students of a Rama Medical College during the rapid rise of the COVID-19 outbreak. Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging respiratory infection caused by a novel coronavirus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2). The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on January 30, 2020. The WHO has now characterized the outbreak as a pandemic. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional surveywas conducted among the medical students from Rama medical college, in Kanpur (U.P), from 30th June to 20th July 2020, the 3 weeks. Predesigned questionnaire based online survey was used for data collection total 281 students From 3 MBBS Batches included in the study. Total 23 questions related to KAP regarding COVID-19 out of which (11 related to Knowledge, 4 related to Attitude and 8 related to Practices) scores were calculated, t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of the total participants (n=281), 50.2% were males while the rest were female (49.8%); the majority of them 63.3% were 21 years old while only 36.7% were 17-20 years old. Almost all the participants (96.8%) avoid unnecessary travel or outing during the outbreak under the lock down period due to COVID-19. Although no significant relationship was found between different genders, age-categories in terms of Attitude and practices, the male participants had higher knowledge. In addition, but gender had no significant impact on knowledge scores (P>0.05) while among age groups was not have a significant relation with attitude score (P>0.05). Conclusion: Positive results were seen in the study but there is constant need of updating knowledge of the health

Purpose: This study aimed to report the surgical outcomes of autologous Simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) performed for unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) following chemical injury. Materials and Methods: This was single centre prospective case series of patients who developed unilateral LSCD after chemical injury and underwent SLET between December 2018 and September 2019 with follow up of 3-6 months. Primary outcome was restoration of completely epithelized avascular corneal surface. The secondary outcome was percentage of eyes which gained vision. Results: This study included 5 eyes of 5 patients with follow up of 3-6 months. Stable corneal surface was obtained clinically in 4 cases out of 5 and visual acuity gain seen in 3 patients. The factors associated with failure of vision improvement were time of chemical injury (during childhood), duration of injury to SLET procedure and previous history of surgical procedure. Complications seen are haemorrhage under hAM, focal recurrence, symblepharon, keratitis and loss of explants post operatively. Conclusion: Autologous SLET is an effective and safe modality for the treatment of unilateral LSCD. It causes stabilization of ocular surface and also facilitates visual improvement. In a developing country like India, with limited facilities in the healthcare system, auto-SLET is a boon for patients with unilateral LSCD. Keywords: Chemical injury, Simple limbal epithelial, transplantation, Limbal stem cell deficiency.

Background: Adolescent’s problems constitute a bulk of morbidities which are generally unrecognized and uncared for, furthering the disease burden. Worldwide about more than 1.2 billion are adolescents. Adolescent population in India is 240 million (21.4%).The study will help to know about various health problems and unmet needs of the study population so that we can recommend necessary actions required for betterment of the existing health infrastructure and Programmes for adolescent girls. Methodology: The present study was conducted in Shivrajpur block of district Kanpur Nagar (U.P.). Study design: Community-based cross-sectional study. Sample size: Has been calculated using the formula 4pq/l2 where prevalence (P) of usage of sanitary napkins in adolescent girls was 25.1%. Sampling technique: Two stage random sampling has been used. Exclusion criteria: Those Adolescent girls who were unwilling/ not ready to interact and had not achieved their menarche were excluded from study. Results: Show that most of the subjects 154 (44.0%) belong to 14-16 year age group and 121(34.6%) are in 17-19 year age group. Out of total 350 subject 332 (94.9%) were unmarried and 18 (5.1%) were married. Most of the study subjects 228(65.1%) belonged to Lower middle class (IV). 35.1% (30.6-40.3%) were underweight, 6.6% (4.0%-9.1%) were overweight and remaining 1.7% (.6-3.1%) were obese. 28.6% with 95% CI (24.0-33.1%) had mild pallor, 18.6% (14.6-22.9%) had moderate and remaining 9.7% (6.6- 12.9%) had severe pallor.Most of the study subjects 250 (71.4%) did not have any RTI/STI symptoms, 20 (5.7%). Majority 339(96.9%) of the study subjects had no obstetric history, 3(.85%) had history of abortion, 2(.57%) still birth. About 127(36.3%) preferred allopathic treatment, 103 (29.4%) preferred home remedy and 120 (34.3%) did not take any treatment. Conclusion: Prevalence of RTI/STI symptoms was 28.57%. 35.1% (30.6-40.3%) subjects were underweight and 56.85% were found anemic. Keywords: Adol

Cold chain industry has a vast potential for waste heat recovery. It is a matter of importance for energy efficiency point of view, as global energy demand is increasing day by day. Ample amount of...

The study conducted in the Jammu region of J&K state has investigated the economics of sericulture farming in three districts namely, Kathua, Rajouri and Udhampur by taking 270 silkworm rearers, 90 from each district through primary survey during the year 2017-18. The study has revealed that sericulturists of Kathua district incurred highest establishment cost per acre (₹ 14099.96) for the mulberry garden followed by Udhampur (₹ 13216.29) and Rajouri (₹ 12948.81) with overall average as ₹ 14007.70. Human labour, saplings, machine labour, farm yard manure (FYM) and fertilizers has been found to be the important components comprising the total cost of which human labour contributed the most towards the total cost followed by expenditure on saplings. Highest maintenance cost per acre per year for mulberry garden has been found to be borne by the sericulturists of Udhampur district (₹ 4872.88) followed by Kathua (₹ 4480.14) and Rajouri (₹ 4441.61) with overall average as ₹ 4685.52. Of the two components (manures and manuring and fertilizers and its application) comprising the total maintenance cost, manures and manuring contributed more towards the total cost as compared to that of fertilizers and its application. The cost incurred per ounce for cocoon production has been found to be highest in Kathua district (₹ 8953.03) followed by Rajouri (₹ 8760.36) and Udhampur (₹ 8262.77) with overall average as ₹ 8756.23. Variable cost has been the major component of the total cost and among the various items constituting the variable cost, the highest share has been found to be of human labour followed by leaf cost, transportation and marketing and cost of disease free layings in the study area. The rearers of Udhampur district (₹ 23940.00) earned highest income followed by Rajouri (₹ 23268.60) and Kathua (₹ 23063.33) with overall average as ₹ 23865.00. Furthermore, the results revealed highest benefit cost ratio in Udhampur district (2.90) followed by Rajouri (2.66) and Kathua (2.58) with overall average as 2.73. Garrett’s Ranking technique highlighted non-availability of shed, price variation, poor quality of seed, crop damage, delayed marketing of the produce and non-possession of required number of rearing kits as the major constraints related to cocoon production. The study suggested for provision of good quality seed, organizing departmental vans for transporting cocoons, exclusive development in the source of mulberry foliage by putting more area under bush type mulberry plants, introduction of price control measures (like MSP) for stabilizing the cocoon prices, and above all improvement in extension services as it is a pre-requisite for the progress and success of sericulture enterprise.

Objectives: Aim of this study was to show the association between retinal neuro-degeneration with peripheral nerve conduction in diabetic (type-II) patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 diabetic patients age ranging from 35-70 years with mild/moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and 30 non diabetic control were studied at M.D. eye hospital Prayagraj R.I.O., Prayagraj. Spectral-Domain -OCT imaging was performed with the cirrus HD-OCT (Version 6.5.0.772; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc.), along with nerve conduction study test. Results: Mean ganglion cell inner Plexiform thickness was assessed in diabetic patients with neuropathy (Group-A) and without neuropathy (Group-B) in eyes. The difference between mean thickness of these two groups was found to be significant at same level of significance and confidence interval (t=4.61, p=0.014). Both the significant difference indicate that diabetic patients with neuropathy (Group A), were associated with lower mean of “ganglion cell–inner Plexiform thickness” in both the eyes as compared to without neuropathy patients (Group B). Conclusion: In this study we found a positive correlation between decrease in Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness and decrease peripheral nerve conduction in diabetic patients. Decrease in Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC -IPL) is predictive of early retinal neurodegeneration in diabetic patients, according to our study. Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, Electrodiagnostic nerve conduction test GC-IPL thickness, Peripheral neuropathy.

A field representative modeling of the gob behavior is critical for the understanding of the associated mechanics of strata behavior in longwall workings. The findings of theoretical models and laboratory tests on the simulated gob material have shown the strain hardening behavior of the gob material. The double-yield material model, which is a built-in constitutive model in FLAC3D, has significant potential to simulate the gob compaction process as it represents materials which undergo irreversible compaction in addition to shear yielding. Apart from this, several researchers have attempted using modified elastic model or applied nodal force in reaction to the strain in the gob area as per the well-known theoretical relations to meet this requirement. Although these models can simulate the mechanical response of the gob for subcritical and critical extraction widths, they do not apply to super-critical extraction width as the gob stress may exceed the in situ stress level in such cases. For overcoming these limitations, a standard approach has been developed and validated in this paper, which can be used for simulating the gob behavior in super-critical longwall workings as well. The complete study is divided into two stages wherein the laboratory scale compression test on the simulated gob material has been numerically replicated to develop preliminary confidence followed by a parametric study of the double-yield constitutive parameters for a rational estimation of their values in different conditions. The calibrated model has been used for verifying its results by plane strain modeling of two different longwall workings, using well-established empirical and analytical findings and field observations. The approach suggested in this study can be used for the efficient modeling of the gob behavior of longwall panels under varying geo-mining conditions without compromising the accuracy of the numerical model. The meticulously validated model can be helpful in rational estimation of stress redistributions around the gob area apart from load transfer on the barrier pillar.

Due to the advent of modern power technology in a wide area monitoring system (WAMS), demand response (DR) will play a vital role in the development of future power grid. A number of studies in the...

Background: The role of single nucleotide polymorphism rs10937405 (C>T) of the TP63 gene in cancer including leu- kemia has previously been studied in different world populations; however, the role of this variant in leukemia in the North Indian population of Jammu and Kashmir is still unknown. Objectives: In the present study, we investigated the association of genetic variant rs10937405 with leukemic in the Jammu and Kashmir population. Methods: A total of 588 subjects, (188 cases and 400 controls) were recruited for the study. The rs10937405 variant was genotyped by using the real-time based TaqMan assay. Results: A statistically significant association was observed between the rs10937405 and leukemia [OR of 1.94 (95% CI 1.51-2.48), p=1.2x10-6]. Conclusion: The current study concludes that the rs10937405 variant is a risk factor for the development of leukemia in the population of Jammu and Kashmir, North India. However, it would be interesting to explore the contribution of this variant in other cancers as well. Our findings will help in the development of diagnostic markers for leukemia in the studied population and potentially for other North Indian populations. Keywords: Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs); Leukemia; North Indian population; Tumour suppressor (TP63); Linkage Disequilibrium (LD); Genome wide association studies (GWAS); Jammu and Kashmir (J &K).

While coronary artery disease (CAD) has become a major threat worldwide, early diagnosis of CAD, based on timely biomarkers, remains a major unmet clinical challenge. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in development of the cardiovascularsystem while they are associated with multiple cardiovascular diseases. Several cardiac miRNAs (circulating miRNAs) are observable in circulation and function as biomarkers for CVDs diagnosis and therapy. C-miRNAs display various critical features as biomarkers although their distribution is incredibly stable in circulation; their expression is tissue-/diseasespecific and can be easily identified using sequence-specific amplification methods. Such circulating-miRNAs features are useful in designing non-invasive assays to track the development of CVDs. Given substantial success in serum and plasma identification of c-miRNAs. There are several conflicting studies on the alterations of circulating miRNAs concentration in circulation system. Measurements of microRNA (miRNA, miR) in patients with coronary heart disease are impeded by the confoundingeffects of medication commonly used in cardiovascularpatients.

Most of the women with GDM have clinical manifestations indicating a risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Present evidence signifies that T2D can be withhold or delayed by intensive lifestyle adjustments and through medications, predominantly those that ameliorate insulin resistance. Glucose tolerance test in the postpartum period to detect diabetes or evaluate diabetes risk is the mandatory clinical management step. All patients should be properly monitored for increasing glycemia indicative of progressive \(\beta\)-cell deterioration. Combination of fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin measurements are suggested for this purpose. Monitoring should be instigated at least annually and should be continued frequently if glycemia is rising and/or impaired. Lifestyle alterations are recommended to diminish the risk for T2D. Breastfeeding is also very essential for the profound short-term and long-term health benefits of the infant, encouragement and facilitation to the breastfeeding women reduces the risks for subsequent obesity and glucose intolerance also

Once thought to be a minor disease, foliar blast disease of pearl millet, caused by Magnaporthe grisea, has recently emerged as an important biotic constraint for pearl millet production in India. The presence of a wider host range as well as high pathogenic heterogeneity complicates host–pathogen dynamics. Furthermore, environmental factors play a significant role in exacerbating the disease severity. An attempt was made to unravel the genotype-by-environment interactions for identification and validation of stable resistant genotypes against foliar blast disease through multi-environment testing. A diversity panel consisting of 250 accessions collected from over 20 different countries was screened under natural epiphytotic conditions in five environments. A total of 43 resistant genotypes were found to have high and stable resistance. Interestingly, most of the resistant lines were late maturing. Combined ANOVA of these 250 genotypes exhibited significant genotype-by-environment interaction and indicated the involvement of crossover interaction with a consistent genotypic response. This justifies the necessity of multi-year and multi-location testing. The first two principal components (PCs) accounted for 44.85 and 29.22% of the total variance in the environment-centered blast scoring results. Heritability-adjusted genotype plus genotype × environment interaction (HA-GGE) biplot aptly identified “IP 11353” and “IP 22423, IP 7910 and IP 7941” as “ideal” and “desirable” genotypes, respectively, having stable resistance and genetic buffering capacity against this disease. Bootstrapping at a 95% confidence interval validated the recommendations of genotypes. Therefore, these genotypes can be used in future resistance breeding programs in pearl millet. Mega-environment delineation and desirability index suggested Jaipur as the ideal environment for precise testing of material against the disease and will increase proper resource optimization in future breeding programs. Information obtained in current study will be further used for genome-wide association mapping of foliar blast disease in pearl millet.

Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) or Thyroid Ophthalmopathy or Grave’s Ophthalmopathy is the single most common cause of bilateral proptosis in adulthood. It is associated with orbital involvement in 25-50% of patients and 5-10% of patients may develop serious complications like compressive optic neuropathy improved motility and inflammation. The characteristic clinical signs may include a combination of eyelid signs, lid lag, globe lag, proptosis, restrictive extraocular myopathy and optic neuropathy. Werner’s classification is helpful in summarizing the clinical classification of Grave’s Ophthalmopathy. Various diseases such as myasthenia gravis, orbital myositis, CPEO etc mimic thyroid eye disease and its important to know how they can be differentiated. Finally blood investigations and imaging studies are very helpful in endorsing the clinical signs and help one arrive at the diagnosis. Since various medical and surgical management is amenable to us, establishing the correct diagnosis of TED is extremely important. This disease may have sight threatening complications, if not diagnosed on time, therefore, it is important to know the clinical signs of TED. The management is conservative most of the times and a better understanding of the immunological pathogenesis may propel the medical management of the disease in a different direction. Keywords: Proptosis, Rrestrictive myopathy, Thyroid ophthalmopathy.

BackgroundDisruption in biological clock due to genetic variations is associated with increased occurrence of cancers such as breast, ovary, prostate, gastrointestinal and hematological malignancies. Circadian rhythm genes regulate the process of ovulation in the ovaries and are highly expressed in ovarian tumors; whereas disturbance in the circadian rhythm pathway is significantly associated with causative risk factors (i.e. endometriosis, PCOS, etc.) of ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, very few studies have been conducted till date where candidate SNPs of circadian rhythm genes proved as the main prognosticators of ovarian cancer risk and intrusiveness. The main purpose of this study was to investigate some common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in circadian rhythm genes (rs475715 of BMAL1/ARNTL, rs1026071, and rs228644 of PER3, rs3792152 of REV1, and rs7302060 of TIMELESS) as causative markers of ovarian cancer risk of in the population of Jammu and Kashmir in India. ResultsOur study included a total of 600 samples (200 cases and 400 age and sex-matched controls). Analysis of the genotype data from the selected SNPs indicated most significant association of rs3792152 of REV1 (OR=1.6, with 95% CI=0.12-1.2, p=0.0003) and rs4757151 of BMAL1/ARNTL (OR=1.847, with 95% CI=1.406-2.426, p=9.15E-06) with the ovarian cancer. The functional putative analysis revealed a significant regulatory effect of both these variants on other genes. ConclusionThese results suggest that some SNPs in circadian rhythm genes, particularly BMAL1/ARNTL and REV1, might be associated with the risk of ovarian cancer in the J&K population of North India.

The semitransparent PV (STPV) module apart from energy generation is also beneficial in providing daylight inside the building. In this paper, mathematical expressions were used for estimating the daylight illuminance (lx) and electricity generation (kWh) through the STPV skylight for the composite climate of New Delhi (28.7041° N, 77.1025° E) at various packing factor (β) (0.4 to 0.9) of the solar cells. Further seasonal optimum (βopt) is predicted for appropriate daylight and electricity generation, which found in the range from 0.57 to 0.62. The appropriate illuminance of above 300 lx and maximum hourly generation of 40–65 W for 5–7 h are obtained for the β of 0.62.

Preservation of vegetables and fruits is a major problem especially in developing countries. At present, refrigeration is the most used technology for the preservation of fruits and vegetables. On the other hand, the high electrical energy consumption and rejection of high heat content from condenser restrict the use of refrigeration system at large. The hybrid combination of waste heat rejected from condensers with solar drying systems may provide cost-effective and feasible technique. The paper presents the study of feasibility of condenser waste heat-assisted solar drying system on the basis of simple investment ratio (saving/cost) and sizing ratio (square meter area of solar collector to refrigeration capacity in TR). The analysis showed that the optimum sizing ratio was found at a particular simple investment ratio. Therefore, for the economic feasibility, the sizing ratio of 29.20, 74.70, 120.20, 165.70, 211.18, and 256.68 and the respective simple investment ratio would be 4.44, 2.95, 2.27, 1.89, 1.65 and 1.49. The optimum size for the maximum feasible saving can be found out with above figures.

The thermal performance of roof configurations consists of one of the colour paints (surface treatment) analysed in terms of indoor temperature. Hourly floating temperature is evaluated using a modified Fourier admittance method for roofs with surface treatment of paints. A simulation is carried out to obtain optimal roof structure with surface treatment of colour paints for composite climate, New Delhi. Roof contributes maximum heat gain in the buildings during summer leading to higher-energy consumption throughout the summer. The impact of colour paints is analysed in terms of minimum hourly floating room temperature in the buildings. The simulation results indicated that all roof structures with colour paint performed better than roof structures without colour.

Availability of maximum solar radiation can be ensured by optimizing the tilt angles for a given location. Most of the optimization techniques are based on the available theoretical models. Keeping this in view, tilt angles were optimized for composite climate (Nagpur and Delhi) and hot and dry climate (Jodhpur), India, using actual solar radiation data of India Meteorological Department (IMD). The optimization of tilt angle is done by establishing a polynomial relation between tilt angle and solar radiation data for annual, bi-annual, seasonal, bi-monthly, and monthly tilts. The optimum tilt angles for New Delhi and Nagpur were found as Φ − 5° and Φ + 4°, respectively, while for Jodhpur it was Φ + 4° for south facing. The highest solar radiation was predicted for monthly tilt. However, total solar radiation for bi-annual tilt was also found very close to that of monthly optimum. According to the analysis carried out, it is recommended to have bi-annual tilt (zero tilt from April to September and 42°–49° degree tilt from October to March).

Smart Internet of Things for Disease Tracking is a solution for efficient tracking of diseases and therefore allows to detection patterns of various diseases. The plan is a broad network of smart devices that will process and interpret the entered data automatically. The computer then transfers the data to the main backend, which could be data from the Department of Health. This will warn of the disease spreading. Once trends and analyzes reach the spine, it is easy to take steps to end the rapid spread of the disease and prevent it throughout the country and around the world. It also lets patients have the illness identified as soon as possible. To counter this serious problem, many people are utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) to capture sensory data in real-time, but that was not practical until recently. This involves monitoring individuals, medical facilities, environments, and even distant areas of the world in certain situations. This paper explores the Detection and Prediction of Infectious Diseases patterns through IoT Sensors.

Deregulated expression of cell cycle regulators p27 and p16 is associated with cancer progression. p27kip1 and p16INKa are a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor whose major target is the cyclinE/CDK2 and cyclinD/CDK4/6 complex, respectively, that governs cell cycle transition from late G1 to S phase. We recruited biopsies of a total of 84 subjects including 72 primary tumor biopsies from histopathologically proven gastric carcinoma, 8 adjacent controls and 12 independent controls. We used gastric cancer cell line, AGS, for validation of our data. Expression profiling at transcript level was done by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and at proteome level by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Receiver operator characteristics analysis was done for determining the diagnostic utility of p27 and p16 with respect to the sensitivity and specificity. We demonstrate that p27 and p16 are frequently over expressed in early stages of gastric carcinoma. Our semi-quantitative data show a significant upregulation of p27 (Mean ± SEM, 0.4771 ± 0.0895; p = 0.0001) and p16 (Mean ± SEM, 0.4676 ± 0.04305; p = 0.0001) at mRNA level. Concordant to semi-quantitative data, immunohistochemistry data also showed a significant upregulation of p27 (Mean ± SEM, 196.4 ± 10.84; p

Word clustering is a method of grouping set of words such that words in the similar groups are semantically similar to the words of other groups. This problem is most studied in Natural Language Processing and becomes a challenging, especially corpus with small size. The essence of clustering the small sized corpuses is to uncover the topics and summarization. The challenge lies in extracting the semantics and statistics from the insufficient content of the corpus. In this work, we developed a framework that streamlines a set of preprocessing activities on the corpus to represent the data better for clustering. We adapt Markov clustering algorithm to infer the similarity among the words and group them. We also demonstrate the validation of the formed clusters. The experiment carried out on synthetic data and clusters are shown in results.

Electric Vehicles (EV) offer a strong prospect in achieving emission-free transport. A multiport converter (MPC) integrating Battery, PV power, switched reluctance motor (SRM) and Grid for integrated driving and charging functions is presented in this work. Two relays are incorporated for isolating the ports during various modes. By proper control, Battery and PV power drive the EV together as well as independently, leading to range extension of the EV. Battery is charged using on-board charger (OBC) at unity power factor (UPF) from grid or from PV at EV stand-still conditions. The operation under various modes is verified using simulations results.

By using ab-initio formulism the thermoelectric, electronic and structural properties of Fe2ZrSi Heusler along the band structure are examined at high pressure by implementing modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ) scheme. With the increase in pressure the band-gap reduces and a change from semiconductor to metallic state is seen. Moreover, we have investigated the thermoelectric properties by using various thermoelectric coefficients. The thermoelectric response ensures the material for recovery waste heat systems. The deliberated ground state properties of Fe2ZrSi functional material may assist the likelihood experimental synthesis for future energy harvesting technologies and spintronic applications.

Wireless sensor networks are pushing ahead with drastic reforms of modern life for gathering information of different types from various fields. In real time the information gathered from sensor networks is used to increase the quality of services in daily life and various industries. This paper briefs about what is congestion, how it occurs, wireless sensor networks and different applications where the WSN works. One of the prime challenges of WSN is to achieve lossless data transmission. The nodes in WSN have limited resources so congestion causes critical damage to such network. Although sensor notes have enhanced capacities, due to unstable wireless links and less hardware resources, it is hard to assure lossless and end to end reliable data transmission to satisfy high quality of service (QOS). In this paper many approaches has been proposed to deal with this problem.

The soil is a natural entity acting as a buffer, and provides medium, anchorage, and nutrition to crop plants. Contaminants from agricultural soils entering into the human food chains have become a serious problem. Trace elements may enter into human food web via soil to water, plants, and animals. Soil once contaminated due to heavy metals (HM) or pesticide residues poses serious risks to human health and environmental safety. Anthropogenic sources lead to accumulation of trace metal elements in soil which persists for exceptionally longer period because of non-decay and their longer biological half-lives. Excessive fertilization and pesticide usage pollute ground water through runoff and leaching. Non-judicious application of agrochemicals is a threat to humans besides affecting nontarget plants and other macro and microorganisms in the agroecosystem. Necessary modifications in agricultural practices are needed on the use of fertilizers and pesticides. Highest safety against the use of agrochemicals may be ensured by imparting training, education, and policy considerations. Regulations are needed to abate cultivation on contaminated sites and disposal of harmful effluents on agricultural lands and avoid soil enrichment with potential pollutants. Remedial measures that can accelerate rejuvenation of contaminated sites, alternatives to intensive conventional agricultural practices, and safe strategies for plant protection are the need of the day. Information and data support on soil contaminants, their pathways, and mechanisms affecting human health are sparse. Further research with a multidisciplinary approach may handle the obstacles of the current techniques.

In present communication, the dispersion characteristic, electromagnetic field distribution and performance parameter of a metal clad planer waveguide sensor for detection of high energetic alpha particle radiation is simulate and studied. Using the boundary matching technique, the modal equation and other necessary formulae of proposed waveguide are derived. It is observed that the dispersion characteristics of waveguide have their usual shape in presence of alpha particle radiation. The cutoff film thickness of waveguide decreases with increase of the dose of alpha particle radiation. The TE mode analysis of proposed waveguide based sensor shows the sensitivity, detection accuracy and overall performance are 153.33°/RIU, 5.75 and 1916.67 RIU−1, respectively. Our analysis also shows that the obtained detection accuracy and overall performance of proposed waveguide for TE mode analysis are sufficiently large comparison to the TM mode analysis.

Machine learning techniques can extensively apply in the solution of the medicine domain problems by applying classification models and systems that can support medical personnel in the diagnosis and predication of diagnosis diseases. Though, it's hard to extract knowledge and information from medical records and data because this data and information is in mixed, unorganized, and high dimensional. This data also contains noise in collected data and outliers exist in collected data. Main applicable method will be used applies by checking different machine learning techniques. The performance of machine learning technique is checked by verifying and validating machine learning techniques' performances through accuracy. Present research paper has been discussing about the usability and applicability of different machine learning techniques i.e. decision tree algorithm, support vector machine method, random forest method, evolutionary algorithms based models and swarm intelligence based techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases. Advance medical diagnosis criteria generates confidence in diagnosis by using imagining techniques in the diagnosis of a disease is extensively used by doctors. In view of the fact that analyzing medical images is very complex and difficult task, by using machine learning methods for analysis of imaging will support and give major help in disease diagnosis. Application of different Machine learning methods is used by applying its techniques on big data for interpretation for diagnosis because machine learning methods show their capability and shows their easiness to solve the problems of bioinformatics domain.

With the fast of ultra-fast 5G/6G mobile wireless, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Big Data analytics, the Internet of Things (IoT) is getting great attention in healthcare industry. The combing of these powerful technologies with the Internet of Things will likely revolutionize the healthcare industry in next few years. The growth of IoT in healthcare industry using these latest technologies will transform the way patients are monitored and treated remotely to improve the productivity of the healthcare industry workers. This paper presents the state-of-the-art research relating to IoT and Health care with focus on hardware requirements, complexity and challenges.

Background At our tertiary care cardiology center, we are receiving soldiers who sustained acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) during the strenuous Battle Field Efficiency Test (BPET) and other such activities. Methods This was a single-center observational study to assimilate and analyze the precipitating causes, risk factors, symptoms, and the efficacy of the management protocols in soldiers sustaining STEMI during the BPET or other forms of strenuous military training. Results All 25 soldiers with documented STEMI following strenuous military training presented with chest pain as the primary symptom. 88% had symptoms either during or within 1st hour of the strenuous activity. 76% underwent thrombolysis with an angiographic success rate of 95%. Primary PCI was possible in only 3/25 (12%) of the cases, of which 2 (66%) did not require stenting after thrombus aspiration; 88% of soldiers reported “training for the event” for less than four times/week. Conclusion STEMI precipitated by strenuous unaccustomed military training have exclusively single vessel affection with an excellent response to thrombolysis and thrombus aspiration. Thus, the timely institution of pharmacological or mechanical revascularization therapy has dramatic results in the preservation of ventricular function. The lack of training for the strenuous event provides strong evidence for comprehensive, graded, physical training prior to strenuous military activities to prevent acute coronary syndromes.

Glaucoma constitutes 10% of blindness worldwide which is the third most common cause of blindness with majority of people being undiagnosed in developing countries. Aims: To assess and compare serum lipid profile between normotensive, non diabetic POAG patients and normotensive, non diabetic non glaucoma controls. Results: 1: Mean total cholesterol levels were (219±60.010) mg/dl and (191.26±43.167) mg/dl in glaucoma patients and controls respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p Conclusion: Higher total cholesterol levels and LDL-C levels were found in glaucoma patients as compared to controls. While there was no significant difference of serum triglycerides, HDL-C, VLDL-C levels between both the groups. Keywords: Age, Glaucoma, Lipid profile, Open angle, Total cholesterol.

Tinea Corporis is a superfi cial fungal infection affecting 20-25% of the world’s population. Management involves using topical and oral antifungal drugs. Terbinafi ne has been used commonly for the treatment of tinea corporis to prevent the emergence of resistance combination of drugs is used. Hence, this study was designed to compare the safety and effi cacy of Sertaconazole and Amphotericin B when either is used with oral Terbinafi ne.

Members of the genus Myroides namely, M. odoratus andM. odoratimimus are ubiquitous in nature. Over past decade, these Gram negative bacteria are increasingly being implicated in various life threatening infections in health care setting. Here we report a case of urosepsis due to multi-drug resistant M. odoratimimusin a 41 year old male with anaplastic astrocytoma. The case highlights the importance of surveillance of multidrug resistant organisms in intensive care units of hospital.

Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia is a common form of alopecia with multifactorial etiology. Finasteride and minoxidil are approved by the FDA for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Balding scalp is believed to have relative microvascular insufficiency. Blood vessels in the scalp travel through the intramuscular plane. Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin relaxes muscles and thereby increases blood flow in balding scalp. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin in androgenetic alopecia management. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary care center. A total of 10 male patients with androgenetic alopecia meeting inclusion criteria of the study were included. In the scalp, 30 sites were injected with 5 U of botulinum toxin in each site. Preprocedure photograph taken and evaluation was done, which was repeated after 24 weeks. Efficacy was assessed by photography and self-assessment scoring was done by patients. Results: Of 10 patients, 8 had good to excellent response on photographic assessment. At the end of 24 weeks, 1 patient showed poor and 1 showed fair response to treatment. As per self-assessment, 7of 10 patients showed good to excellent response. Two patients had fair response and 1 patient showed poor response to treatment. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin was found to be safe and effective therapy for the management of androgenetic alopecia in this pilot study. Studies with larger sample size and randomized controlled trials are required to establish the role of botulinum toxin in the management of androgenetic alopecia.