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During the care of patients with novel coronavirus infection at the Lomonosov MSU Medical Research and Education Center from April 21 to June 13, 2020, we observed cases of spontaneous mediastinal emphysema (spontaneous pneumomediastinum) as a manifestation or a probable complication of COVID-19.The aim of the paper. To provide clinical case descriptions and approaches to the management of patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 associated pneumonia, as they are not addressed in the current clinical guidelines, and therefore are worthy of special attention.Among 224 patients with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, five cases of pneumomediastinum without pneumothorax were identified. Of these, in two cases the pneumomediastinum developed during noninvasive lung ventilation (NLV) (one case) and invasive lung ventilation (one case). In three cases, spontaneous mediastinal emphysema was not associated with lung ventilation. By the time of publication, one case of pneumomediastinum was completed, and four patients remained hospitalized. All five patients were males aged from 52 to 84 years.This paper presents in depth the description of two cases of mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema in patients with COVID-19.

ActualityThe course of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is unpredictable. It manifests in some cases as increasing inflammation to even the onset of a cytokine storm and irreversible progression of acute respiratory syndrome, which is associated with the risk of death in patients. Thus, proactive anti-inflammatory therapy remains an open serious question in patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia, who still have signs of inflammation on days 7–9 of the disease: elevated C-reactive protein (CRP)>60 mg/dL and at least two of the four clinical signs: fever >37.5°C; persistent cough; dyspnea (RR >20 brpm) and/or reduced oxygen blood saturation ObjectiveCompare efficacy and safety of colchicine compared to the management of patients with COVID-19 without specific anti-inflammatory therapy.Material and MethodsInitially, 20 people were expected to be randomized in the control group. However, enrollment to the control group was discontinued subsequently after the inclusion of 5 patients due to the risk of severe deterioration in the absence of anti-inflammatory treatment. Therefore, 17 patients, who had not received anti-inflammatory therapy when treated in the MSU Medical Research and Educational Center before the study, were also included in the control group. The effects were assessed on day 12 after the inclusion or at discharge if it occurred earlier than on day 12. The primary endpoint was the changes in the SHOCS-COVID score, which includes the assessment of the patient’s clinical condition, CT score of the lung tissue damage, the severity of systemic inflammation (CRP changes), and the risk of thrombotic complications (D-dimer) [1].ResultsThe median SHOCS score decreased from 8 to 2 (p = 0.017), i.e., from moderate to mild degree, in the colchicine group. The change in the SHOCS-COVID score was minimal and statistically insignificant in the control group. In patients with COVID-19 treated with colchicine, the CRP levels decreased rapidly and normalized (from 99.4 to 4.2 mg/dL, pConclusionsColchicine 1 mg for 1-3 days followed by 0.5 mg/day for 14 days is effective as a proactive anti-inflammatory therapy in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and viral pneumonia. The management of such patients without proactive anti-inflammatory therapy is likely to be unreasonable and may worsen the course of COVID-19. However, the findings should be treated with caution, given the small size of the trial.

The article focuses on effective treatment of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) at early stages and substantiates the requirement for antiviral therapy and for decreasing the viral load to prevent the infection progression. The absence of a specific antiviral therapy for the SARS-CoV-2 virus is stated. The authors analyzed results of early randomized studies using lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, and favipiravir in COVID-19 and their potential for the treatment of novel coronavirus infection. Among the drugs blocking the virus entry into cells, the greatest attention was paid to the antimalaria drugs, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. The article addresses in detail ineffectiveness and potential danger of hydroxychloroquine, which demonstrated neither a decrease in the time of clinical recovery nor any improvement of prognosis for patients with COVID-19. The major objective was substantiating a possible use of bromhexine, a mucolytic and anticough drug, which can inhibit transmembrane serin protease 2 required for entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into cells. Spironolactone may have a similar feature. Due to its antiandrogenic effects, spironolactone can inhibit X-chromosome-related synthesis of ACE-2 receptors and activation of transmembrane serin protease 2. In addition to slowing the virus entry into cells, spironolactone decreases severity of fibrosis in different organs, including the lungs. The major part of the article addresses clinical examples of managing patients with COVID-19 at the University Clinic of the Medical Research and Educational Centre of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, including successful treatment with schemes containing bromhexine and spironolactone. In conclusion, the authors described the design of a randomized, prospective BISCUIT study performed at the University Clinic of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University with an objective of evaluating the efficacy of this scheme.

The article is devoted to the treatment of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the advanced stages of the disease. The types of response of the immune system to the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 with the start of the inflammation process are considered. The situation is analyzed in detail in which the growing autoimmune inflammation (up to the development of a "cytokine storm") affects not only the pulmonary parenchyma, but also the endothelium of the small vessels of the lungs. Simultaneous damage to the alveoli and microthrombosis of the pulmonary vessels are accompanied by a progressive impairment of gas exchange, the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, the treatment of which, even with the use of invasive ventilation, is ineffective and does not really change the prognosis of patients with COVID-19. In order to interrupt the pathological process at the earliest stages of the disease, the necessity of proactive anti-inflammatory therapy in combination with active anticoagulation treatment is substantiated. The results of the first randomized studies on the use of inhibitors of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (interleukin-6 (tocilizumab), interleukin-17 (secukinumab), Janus kinase blockers, through which the signal is transmitted to cells (ruxolitinib)), which have potential in the early treatment of COVID- 19. The use of a well-known anti-inflammatory drug colchicine (which is used for gout treatment) in patients with COVID-19 is considered. The design of the original COLORIT comparative study on the use of colchicine, ruxolitinib and secukinumab in the treatment of COVID-19 is presented. Clinical series presented, illustrated early anti-inflammatory therapy together with anticoagulants in patients with COVID-19 and the dangers associated with refusing to initiate such therapy on time.

We design a new technique for the distributional semantic modeling with a neural network-based approach to learn distributed term representations (or term embeddings) - term vector space models as a result, inspired by the recent ontology-related approach (using different types of contextual knowledge such as syntactic knowledge, terminological knowledge, semantic knowledge, etc.) to the identification of terms (term extraction) and relations between them (relation extraction) called semantic pre-processing technology - SPT. Our method relies on automatic term extraction from the natural language texts and subsequent formation of the problem-oriented or application-oriented (also deeply annotated) text corpora where the fundamental entity is the term (includes non-compositional and compositional terms). This gives us an opportunity to changeover from distributed word representations (or word embeddings) to distributed term representations (or term embeddings). This transition will allow to generate more accurate semantic maps of different subject domains (also, of relations between input terms - it is useful to explore clusters and oppositions, or to test your hypotheses about them). The semantic map can be represented as a graph using Vec2graph - a Python library for visualizing word embeddings (term embeddings in our case) as dynamic and interactive graphs. The Vec2graph library coupled with term embeddings will not only improve accuracy in solving standard NLP tasks, but also update the conventional concept of automated ontology development. The main practical result of our work is the development kit (set of toolkits represented as web service APIs and web application), which provides all necessary routines for the basic linguistic pre-processing and the semantic pre-processing of the natural language texts in Ukrainian for future training of term vector space models., Comment: In English, 9 pages, 2 figures. Not published yet. Prepared for special issue (UkrPROG 2020 conference) of the scientific journal "Problems in programming" (Founder: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Software Systems of NAS Ukraine)

MDS matrices are widely used as a diffusion primitive in the construction of block type encryption algorithms and hash functions (such as AES and GOST 34.12-2015). The matrices with the maximum number of 1s and minimum number of different elements are important for more efficient realizations of the matrix-vector multiplication. The article presents a new method for the MDS testing of matrices over finite fields and shows its application to the (8 × 8)-matrices of a special form with many 1s and few different elements; these matrices were introduced by Junod and Vaudenay. For the proposed method we obtain some theoretical and experimental estimates of effectiveness. Moreover, the article comprises a list of some MDS matrices of the above-indicated type.

Results of using powerful LED matrices to inspect metal articles for hidden corrosion by active thermal-wave method are described. The effect of the color of paint-and-lacquer coating on the efficiency of heating with LED and halogen emitters is analyzed. The possibility of using powerful LED panels as thermal stimulation sources in portable flaw detectors is described.

In the paper the basis for the use of the LED light sources in the space greenhouses is described. It is shown that the change in the spectral composition and the intensity of the radiation will reduce the electricity consumption of the irradiation facilities. The unicellular alga "Chlorella" and the greenhouse lettuce "Afitsion" were chosen as prototype models. On the basis of the experiments conducted, the basic principles of the irradiator’s energy efficiency that can be applied in the space greenhouses were defined.

The methodological foundations of the construction of information technology, formalized models and tools for the implementation of the research-related design of smart systems based on the use of the concepts of transdisciplinarity and ontological management are considered. Designed to build systems of work with knowledge, scientific and technical creativity, including the development of objects of new technology. Designed to build systems of work with knowledge, scientific and technical creativity, including the development of objects of new technology. Results. The information technology of research-related design of smart systems is developed. An example of the creation and patenting of a linguistic processor for processing large amounts of text data with the purpose of subsequent extraction of knowledge is considered. Conclusion. The methodological foundations of the development of scientific research design systems include models, technology, and tools for cognitive processes of information processing, including the design of the new engineering objects, the automated development of ontological knowledge bases of the knowledge domain. The last ones are the basic components of intelligent technologies and systems for comprehensive scientific research of the interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary nature. The process of system integration of ontologies makes it possible to investigate the interaction of object knowledge, as an object at the intersection of disciplines, as well as in clusters of convergence, which opens opportunities for new knowledge and for the development of scientific theories. Keywords: research design, smart system, ontological management, ontology., In Russian, 11 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Published. Prepared for the international journal "Control Systems and Computers" (ISSN Print 0130-5395. ISSN Online 2518-1262)

Against the backdrop of the development of modern technologies in the field of scientific research the new class of Current Research Information Systems (CRIS) and related intelligent information technologies has arisen. It was called - Research and Development Workstation Environment (RDWE) - the comprehensive problem-oriented information systems for scientific research and development lifecycle support. The given paper describes design and development fundamentals of the RDWE class systems. The RDWE class system's generalized information model is represented in the article as a three-tuple composite web service that include: a set of atomic web services, each of them can be designed and developed as a microservice or a desktop application, that allows them to be used as an independent software separately; a set of functions, the functional filling-up of the Research and Development Workstation Environment; a subset of atomic web services that are required to implement function of composite web service. In accordance with the fundamental information model of the RDWE class the system for supporting research in the field of ontology engineering - the automated building of applied ontology in an arbitrary domain area, scientific and technical creativity - the automated preparation of application documents for patenting inventions in Ukraine was developed. It was called - Personal Research Information System. A distinctive feature of such systems is the possibility of their problematic orientation to various types of scientific activities by combining on a variety of functional services and adding new ones within the cloud integrated environment. The main results of our work are focused on enhancing the effectiveness of the scientist's research and development lifecycle in the arbitrary domain area., In English, 13 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, added references in Russian. Published. Prepared for special issue (UkrPROG 2018 conference) of the scientific journal "Problems of programming" (Founder: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Software Systems of NAS Ukraine)

The paper provides main technical solutions for the developed concept of power saving DC thyristor electric drives equipped with two-region speed control. The concept is based on rearranging reserve of the rectified EDV of the thyristor converter (TC) in steady-state and dynamic modes. The complex of thyristor electric drives developed within the framework of the main concept for the wide-strip hot-rolling mills ensures improved power indexes. This is enabled due to automatic switching the coordinate controlled with excitation circuit and automatic change of the EDV control system configuration. The authors offer flowcharts of the developed solutions. Time diagrams and oscyllograph records of electric drive coordinate variations are used for explanation purposes.

A new technology – a thoracoscopic coronary bypass grafting with the use of Da Vinci robotic system in Russia is represented by the experience of NRICP. The technology was introduced in Russia in 2011. Overall, one hundred endoscopic coronary artery bypass procedures were performed. We have compared and analyzed results of coronary artery stenting vs minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting. According to the results, totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting has several advantages over alternative treatment strategies.

In the mid 1980s I was grappling with the hermeneutic concept of tradition. I was troubled by one of the expressions that recur again and again in Gadamer's work—‘the tradition we live in’. In the use of this ‘we’ I felt Gadamer to be holding something back. What was required to be included within Gadamer's ‘we’? Would it be enough, say, to be a Pole? Or does one have to be Western European? Do the Canadians and Americans count? Or is it an affair that concerns on Y t e Germans? If so, what about the GDR?—then (and still now) a pertinent question.

The main source of exposure to radiation for both workers and civilians in mining areas is known to be the inhalation of radon and its short-lived daughters. The actual data obtained from measured radon levels stimulated research on radiation-induced human health risks from this type of exposure. A radon survey was consequently carried out in the Kouzbass coal-mining area near Kemerovo. Radon measurements were taken in mines, schools and different dwellings, using special cells with LR115 plastic track detectors. For each building studied, radon concentration levels were measured at four different points: in the ground (outside), in the cellar, on the ground floor and in storeys. In mines, radon was measured in all of the galleries and in open air. Preliminary results will be used in mapping out radon emanation in the Kouzbass Region and in indicating the areas where protection measures are to be taken due to abnormally-high radon levels.

To estimate the results of sternomediastinitis management using vacuum-therapy compared with conventional treatment of such wounds.We have retrospectively analyzed data for the period from January 2007 to October 2014. The study enrolled 79 patients with infectious complication after cardiac surgery. All patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. The first group included 40 patients who received conventional therapy. The second group enrolled 39 patients in whom vacuum-therapy was applied. Patients were comparable in main characteristics.Mortality rate was significantly lower in vacuum-therapy group (2.5% vs. 15%, p=0.05). Similarly duration of hospital-stay in the 2nd group was 29±10 days, in the 1st group - 47±11 days (p0.01). Incidence of sepsis and other complications was significantly higher in group of conventional treatment.Vacuum-therapy for infectious complications after cardiac surgery provided good results including decrease of hospital-stay duration and mortality rate in comparison with conventional management of wounds.Цель исследования - оценка результатов лечения стерномедиастинита с помощью вакуумной терапии по сравнению с традиционным лечением таких ран. Материал и методы. В рамках ретроспективного исследования мы произвели сбор данных за период с января 2007 г. по октябрь 2014 г. В исследование были включены 79 пациентов с инфекционным осложнением после кардиохирургической операции. Все пациенты перенесли операцию коронарного шунтирования. В 1-ю группу вошли 40 пациентов, получавших традиционное лечение, во 2-ю группу - 39 пациентов, у которых мы применяли вакуумную терапию. Пациенты были сопоставимы по основным исходным характеристикам. Результаты. В группе вакуумной терапии отмечены значительно меньшие показатели летальности - 2,5% против 15% (р=0,05), длительность пребывания в клинике - 29±10 койко-дней против 47±11 койко-дней (р0,01); частота развития сепсиса и других осложнений также статистически значимо больше в группе традиционного лечения. Выводы. Использование вакуумной терапии в лечении инфекционных осложнений после кардиохирургических вмешательств дало хорошие результаты: уменьшилась продолжительность госпитализации и снизилась летальность по сравнению с соответствующими показателями при традиционном открытом ведении ран.

36th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Madison, USA, 24 Jul 2019 - 1 Aug 2019; PoS-ICRC2019-320 (2019)., Digital radio arrays are widely used for the low-frequency radio astronomy as well as for detection of air-showers induced by high-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos. Since the radio emission from air-showers forms short broadband pulses with duration of tens nanoseconds, the data acquisition strategies of cosmic-ray and astronomical arrays have significant differences. To perform precise measurement of cosmic rays, the radio array should have absolute amplitude calibration and record the entire electric field on the antenna in the broad frequency range. These requirements are similar to ones defined for the experiments aimed at the detection of weak signal from neutral hydrogen at redshifts of $z$>10, what led us to the application of our experience with Tunka-Rex to this problem. We are developing new experimental setup comprising of four antenna stations, placed on the area of 100 sq.m. Each antenna station consists of two perpendicular loop antennas measuring electric field in the frequency band of 30-80 MHz. The setup records electric fields from all antennas in portions of 50 $\mu$s reaching the spectral resolution of 20 kHz. We expect a flow of redundant data of about 10 GB/day, and plan to exploit this redundancy in order to decrease systematic uncertainty of the measurements by application of digital beam-forming, matched filtering and RFI suppression with neural networks. In the present contribution we describe the design and calibration of the setup, expected performance and data analysis techniques.