1. Review of Advances in Precipitation Enhancement Research
- Author
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Andrea I. Flossmann, Roelof Bruintjes, Zhanyu Yao, Masataka Murakami, Thara Prabhakaran, A. M. Abshaev, Michael J. Manton, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,business.industry ,Cloud systems ,Environmental resource management ,0207 environmental engineering ,Cloud seeding ,Mesoscale meteorology ,Cloud computing ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,13. Climate action ,Weather modification ,Convective cloud ,Environmental science ,Precipitation ,020701 environmental engineering ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Orographic lift - Abstract
This paper provides a summary of the assessment report of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Expert Team on Weather Modification that discusses recent progress on precipitation enhancement research. The progress has been underpinned by advances in our understanding of cloud processes and interactions between clouds and their environment, which, in turn, have been enabled by substantial developments in technical capabilities to both observe and simulate clouds from the microphysical to the mesoscale. We focus on the two cloud types most commonly seeded in the past: winter orographic cloud systems and convective cloud systems. A key issue for cloud seeding is the extension from cloud-scale research to water catchment–scale impacts on precipitation on the ground. Consequently, the requirements for the design, implementation, and evaluation of a catchment-scale precipitation enhancement campaign are discussed. The paper concludes by indicating the most important gaps in our knowledge. Some recommendations regarding the most urgent research topics are given to stimulate further research.
- Published
- 2019