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Fire is a natural phenomenon that has played a critical role in transforming the environment and maintaining biodiversity at a global scale. However, the plants in some habitats have not developed strategies for recovery from fire or have not adapted to the changes taking place in their fire regimes. Maps showing ecological vulnerability to fires could contribute to environmental management policies in the face of global change scenarios. The main objective of this study is to assess and map ecological vulnerability to fires on a global scale. To this end, we created ecological value and post-fire regeneration delay indices on the basis of existing global databases. Two ecological value indices were identified: biological distinction and conservation status. For the post-fire regeneration delay index, various factors were taken into account, including the type of fire regime, the increase in the frequency and intensity of forest fires, and the potential soil erosion they can cause. These indices were combined by means of a qualitative cross-tabulation to create a new index evaluating ecological vulnerability to fire. The results showed that global ecological value could be reduced by as much as 50 % due to fire perturbation of poorly adapted ecosystems. The terrestrial biomes most affected are the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest, tundra, mangroves, tropical and subtropical coniferous forests, and tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests., This research has been supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (grant no. RTI2018- 097538-B-I00) and the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (grant no. PRE2019-089208).

Heat-integrated water network synthesis (HIWNS) has received considerable attention for the advantages of reducing water and energy consumptions. HIWNS is effective in water and energy sustainability. Mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) is usually applied in HIWNS. In this work, a novel nonlinear programming (NLP) was proposed for HIWNS by considering wastewater reuse and wastewater regeneration reuse. Integer variables are changed to non-linear equation by the methods for identifying stream roles and denoting the existence of process matches. The model is tested by examples with single and multiple regeneration unit problems. The testing results showed that the NLP is an alternative method for HIWNS with wastewater reuse and regeneration reuse.

Given the cultural and environmental potential presented by historical water infrastructures in urban contexts, this article states the evidence of a not much documented urban phenomenon in Portugal, the refurbishment of water heritage protected areas motivated by European-based regeneration projects. By employing a case-study design, four good practices -placed in Evora, Lisbon, Braga and Guimaraes-are chosen to enlighten this growing and aware trend. The assets located there -the Agua de Prata Aqueduct, the Aguas Livres Aqueduct, the Sete Fontes water-supply system and the Zona de Couros industrial area, respectively-are geographical, historical and culturally characterised, while the projects that concern them are documented by visiting the areas and analysing the available sources. Then, open-data platforms and heritage protection decrees are processed to graphically code the topography, hydrology, urban land use, infrastructures, landmarks and protected areas, employing QGIS free software for Geographic Information Systems. As a result, the four practices are documented, discussed and compared. A table assesses and summarises their pre-existing and currently added values and a series of diagrams illustrates the landscape changes generated. These graphics validate the practices and update the status of the assets, enhancing the rediscovery of the existing landscapes and showing the main challenges and future opportunities faced by these areas.

Climate change is modifying the dynamics of forests and threatens the supply of ecosystem services from managed forests. In response, managers are developing climate-adapted strategies, mostly focusing on changes in abiotic conditions. Ungulate populations, however, also impact forest integrity and productivity, and the effects of ungulate browsing likely interact with the effects of climate change. This raises the issue of whether climate-adapted strategies will be compatible with abundant ungulate populations. Here, we endeavour to (1) review if/how climate-adapted strategies currently consider ungulates and (2) to highlight how browsing could affect the success of these strategies, using a systematic mapping protocol and available knowledge of ungulate browsing. We identified 57 references discussing climate-adapted forest management that mentioned ungulates, almost exclusively in boreal and temperate forests. The majority (35/57) of these considered browsing to be a threat to climate adaptation. Ungulates could especially prevent the achievement of changes in tree species composition or forest state desired to increase forest resilience. Browsing could also interact with the success of proposed climate-adapted approaches (e.g., nature-based silvicultural approaches and assisted migration), based on known effects of browsing. Potential interactions between large ungulate populations and climate-adapted forest management are sometimes considered but are not a large part of adaptation strategies. More empirical and modeling data would be beneficial, especially on the interactive effect of climate variables and browsing on tree regeneration. Without this, the climate-adapted strategies implemented today could result in future regeneration failures and exacerbate the pressure on forests.

Boswellia dalzielii Hutch., an African frankincense tree, is a socio-economically important aromatic and medicinal tree. It is currently threatened by uncontrolled exploitation, and therefore requires action to ensure its sustainable management. This study assessed the population structure and regeneration of its natural stands across three land use types in Burkina Faso: woodlands, fallows and farmlands. Sixty, fifty and fifty 50 m × 20 m plots were established respectively in woodlands, fallows and farmlands. All the plots were surveyed for adult tree (dbh ≥ 5 cm) density, dbh, total height and health conditions. Data on regeneration density (dbh 50%) of regenerating plants were suckers and no seedling regeneration was found in farmlands. The distribution of trees in diameter classes was J-shaped in woodlands, bell-shaped in farmlands and positive asymmetric in fallows, indicating recruitment bottlenecks. We found that 80.18% of individuals encountered were unhealthy. Intensive debarking and cutting were the main threats to the species and no conservation strategy was in place in the study region. We suggest measures to reduce intensive debarking and cutting, which should contribute to better management of the species.

Based on the long term conservation of several endangered and indigenous species of Citrus, significant impact of biotechnological tools particularly in terms of in-vitro micropropagation methods in addition to synthetic seed production using encapsulation of plant propagules including shoot tips, nodal segments, androgenic embryos, embryogenic callus, etc. in sodium alginate has been highlighted in this manuscript. When seed is not available in enough quantity for raising seedlings for rootstock or have low levels of polyembryony and do not produce adequate quantities of nucellar seedlings, then micropropagation techniques could quickly supply in vitro regenerated rootstock or budwood. Rapid, mass-production and cost-effective biotechnological tools for propagation of citrus rootstocks and budwood would be of great importance in this regard. Reports on another aspect of long term conservation particularly based on storage of cells, tissues and organs of drought tolerant species of Citrus at ultra-low temperature preferably at -196 ºC via applications of cryopreservation techniques using vitrification and encapsulation or dehydration methods has been highlighted in this manuscript. In addition, several research on techniques of in-vitro micrografting using superior scion and rootstocks of two different species of Citrus with an objective of eradication of virus infected citrus stocks for successful production of grafts have been reviewed. Furthermore, effects of explants either through direct and indirect regeneration and conversion into a complete disease free plantlet using suitable synthetic nutrient media along with plant growth regulators at various concentrations and combinations have been highlighted in this manuscript. Hence, the current review is primarily focused on the applications and its effects of superior biotechnological tools for long term conservation of diverse species of citrus for further increasing the potentiality of Citrus industries in addition to genetic improvement and genetic resource conservation.

Reusable PM2.5 filter media and their regeneration techniques have attracted widespread attention and shown significant prospect for application in air purification. In this study, we reviewed the recent research progress on the cleaning and regeneration of indoor PM2.5 filters considering two methods, namely, dry and wet cleaning. The principles, application status, and limitations of air back-blow and air pulse-jet dry-cleaning techniques were analyzed. The wet-cleaning characteristics and regeneration performance of novel washable PM2.5 filters, including superhydrophobic, electrostatically enhanced, metal–organic framework composite, and microchannel monolith filters, were evaluated and summarized. Maintaining the structural stability and chemical resistance of the filter media during the cleaning process was determined to be key to filter regeneration. Therefore, cleaning and regeneration characteristics should be integrated into the design of high-efficiency and low-resistance filter materials to develop more practical reusable PM2.5 filter media.

The burning of fossil fuels leads to the emission of large amounts of CO2 into the air, and how to deal with the increasingly generated CO2 has been a great challenge. In an effort to convert the l...

PurposeDue to the weaknesses of the traditional methods and advances in science, using currently new technologies such as building information modeling (BIM) for the restoration and revival of historical monuments is considered a novel solution. This study addresses how computer science in BIM can contribute significantly to the restoration and improvement of the cultural heritage.Design/methodology/approachThis study addresses how computer science in BIM can contribute significantly to the restoration and improvement of the cultural heritage.FindingsAlso, it assesses through this application, the capabilities of current software's in developing with the use of photogrammetry an accurate geometrical models for the minaret with its elements are linked to databases carrying information related to the minaret texture, historical identity and decoration. Finally, it shows the importance of this model to support experts in case of future restoration and conservation to the minaret.Originality/valueThe research describes the process of regenerating and documenting the motifs of the historical Choli minaret in Erbil. It explains the steps followed for full application of the historical buildings information modeling (HBIM) to this minaret.

With regard to the wide application of Transformer Oils (TO) as an energy stream on an industrial scale with fast progress towards green TO generation and regeneration technologies, the current review takes into investigation the TO generation industries based on the screening step of industrial projects by Iranian evaluator teams of in-charge organizations. The present review encompassed the TO generation and regeneration technologies from traditional, typical, and recently developed practices in this regard. The technologies extended to introduce green TO generation practices in connection with fossil fuel resources. By the way, a comparison has been done based on technologies posed for TO with the used motor oil reprocessing techniques and used lubricant oil regeneration technologies. To sum up, the current review comprised basic knowledge to select the best technologies for decision-making models in future industrial developments. The prominent achievement of the current review can be mentioned to the aggregation of industrial data for further processing in decision-making theory, criteria, and alternatives selections.

Forest regeneration at large-scales is one of the main paths to achieving the ongoing ambitious restoration commitments. Thus, the identification of the main drivers of this process in agricultural landscapes is critical to understand the drivers determining restoration success. A growing number of studies have explored the biophysical and, less often, the socioeconomic drivers of forest regeneration using remote sensing approaches, but have not directly considered the influence of farmers’ decisions in spatial prediction models of forest regeneration. We explored the influence of biophysical and socioeconomic drivers on forest regeneration in a rural landscape of Southeastern Brazil, where native forest cover increased by 7.7%. We evaluated forest regeneration through the analysis of time series of multi-temporal satellite images and socioeconomic information obtained through a Social Survey with 47 landowners, using each farm as the study unit. Natural forest regeneration was mainly favored by lower land suitability for agriculture and higher proximity (lower distances) to forest remnants, as well by higher numbers of land-uses types in the farm and lower economic dependence of landowners from the farm income. Our results emphasize the importance of considering farmers’ decisions on predictive models of natural forest regeneration, which are critically needed to guide the implementation of large-scale forest restoration initiatives in agricultural landscapes.

In Mediterranean forests, besides the conflict between forest managers and local populations who are often poor and dependent on livestock for survival, the cost of raw materials used in animal feed is increasingly a burden for farmers. There is growing recognition that wise use of acorns can reduce feed costs and enhance sustainable participatory governance of these woodlands. This paper aimed to carry out a quantitative, qualitative and economic evaluation of acorn potential in a cork oak forest in north-western Tunisia and to investigate the impact of their post-dispersal on natural regeneration. Quantities were estimated in November and February, respectively for acorns collected directly from trees and from the ground. Time-dependent monitoring of acorn quality and numbers of new seedlings was also conducted from autumn 2014 to spring 2015. The results show a significant decrease in acorn quantity from 5.28 ± 4.61 t/ha in November to 0.684 ± 0.1 t/ha in February. However, this loss did not put the early stages of natural cork oak regeneration at risk since the percentage of acorns not able to germinate was estimated at only 37% in late February. Furthermore, the average number of new seedlings was estimated in April at 40,000 seedlings/ha. A model was fitted to predict tree acorn production and to establish the best agroforestry system to optimize acorn use. Based on acorn quantity and quality data, earlier acorns should be directed to nursery and livestock production and the later acorns to wildlife and natural regeneration.

Understanding the performance of agroforestry woody species in controlled and free grazing systems is crucial for scaling up agroforestry practices. The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate the determinants of agroforestry woody species composition and regeneration in free and controlled grazing systems in the Ethiopian highlands. Household and field surveys were conducted on 83 and 171 households selected from controlled grazing (CG) and free grazing (FG) systems, respectively. Woody species performance was compared between the two grazing systems using independent T-test. Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) was used to identify the factors determining woody species density/abundance, diversity and regeneration. Most trees were grown for fuel wood and timber rather than for fodder. CG users owned more diversified species and abundant regenerates and mature trees/shrubs than FG users. The SUR results showed that herd size, farmland size, fencing, plantation of seedlings, education, wealth, grazing system, farmland distance from homestead and slope were the major factors affecting the composition and regeneration of species. Specifically the SUR results per-household indicated that woody species regeneration was highly affected by grazing system. Fencing is the common underlying factor positively affecting species diversity, regeneration and density of mature trees. Homestead distance from road and number of planted seedlings significantly affected density of regenerates and mature trees. Density of mature trees and species diversity were significantly affected by agroecology and slope. Woody species diversity was significantly affected by education, wealth, farmland size and project participation. Our findings revealed that the scaling up of woody species in agroforestry requires not only CG and favorable agroecology but also matching of agroforestry options with household and farmland characteristics.

Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is one of the most economically important fruit crops worldwide, and there is considerable interest in improving its major agronomic and enological traits in response to ever-changing agricultural environments and consumer demands. Molecular genetic techniques in particular, associated with rapid technological advancements, provide an attractive alternative to conventional breeding approaches for developing new grapevine varieties with enhanced yield performance, quality, stress tolerance and disease resistance. To date, several grapevine varieties have been transformed with genes associated with diverse functions through biolistic bombardment and/or Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and transgenic grape lines have been obtained using established regeneration systems. Nevertheless, a wide range of factors, including genotype, explant source and culture medium, have been shown to affect the efficiency of plant regeneration. Moreover, the selection and use of acceptor materials, bacterial strain and cell density, selectable markers and selection methods also influence transformation efficiency. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in grapevine regeneration and genetic transformation and in-depth discussion of the major limiting factors, and discusses promising future strategies to develop robust plant regeneration and genetic transformation in grapevine.

Mangrove forests have experienced a rapid decline. However, the rate of loss has decreased in recent years due to enhanced conservation and nature regeneration. The dynamics of mangrove forests in Panama have not been monitored since the year 2000, despite a significant loss during the 1980s. The objectives of our study were to quantify changes in mangrove cover and identify the dominant drivers of change in Parita Bay, Panama. Temporal changes in mangrove cover and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were determined using the supervised classification method on Landsat satellite images from 1987 to 2019. We identified a 4.7% increase in the mangrove area of Parita Bay during the 32 years; the mangrove forests were also considered healthy as reflected by high NDVI values. However, the conversion of mangroves to other land cover types resulted in a 1.26% decline in mangrove cover from 1987 to 1998. Moreover, the area of aquaculture and saltpans almost doubled during this period. During the following two decades, the conversion of other land cover classes (water, other vegetation, and bare soil) increased the mangrove area by 6%, and the annual rate of increase was greater during the second decade (0.43% year−1). From 2009 to 2019, mangroves declined at an annual rate of 0.11% in protected areas and increased at an annual rate of 0.50% in unprotected areas. Despite the regeneration potential of mangrove forests, our study highlights the need to continually manage and protect mangrove forests in order to facilitate their expansion in Parita Bay.

Concerns over personal safety and health are among the most important factors that visitors often scrutinize when they are selecting their destination to ensure they are not exposed to threats of a...

Since the 1960s, post-war modernist heritage has been largely criticised and victimised by the public opinion because of its material failures and elitist social projects. Despite these critiques, post-war modernist heritage is being reassessed, revalued and in some places successfully rehabilitated. There is a growing recognition that most of the critiques have often been the result of subjective and biased value and taste judgments or incomplete assessments that neither considered the urban design nor the users’ experiences. This paper aims to contribute to these reassessments of post-war modernist urban heritage legacies. To do so, it places the user’s social experiences and uses, and the urban design at the centre of the analysis, by using a combination of ethnographic methods and urban design analysis and focusing on the public spaces of Southbank Centre in London, the UK’s largest and most iconic and contested post-war modernist ensemble with a long history of conservation and regeneration projects. Taken together, the findings demonstrate the importance of including the users’ social experiences and uses in the conservation and regeneration agendas if we want to achieve more objective and inclusive assessments.

The 6th International Conference on Agricultural and Biological Sciences (ABS 2020), was planned to be held in the People's Republic of China Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, ABS 2020, “Agricultural and Biological Sciences: Plant, Soil, Animal, and Environment”, was the first online conference in Agricultural and Biological Sciences history Each paper addressed a slightly different topic and provided identifiable challenges and research key questions in agriculture, agronomy, food production and security, and environmental hazards The role of Agricultural and Biological Sciences of China is the generation of research knowledge that influence everyday activities There were 41 manuscripts submitted, of which 25 were accepted for publication The research domains varied and included the role of specific plant on soil C-cycling, haploid induction, and natural doubling of Zea mays L ;plant species and soil rhizosphere microflora;forest tree biomass succession and dynamics relevant to C-sequestration;making sandy land agriculture friendly;plantation age on C, N, and P stoichiometry;codon uses pattern of Gnetum luofuoense C Y Cheng using transcriptome data;suitability of plant landscape unit and natural parks;regeneration protocol of Jatropha curcas L , etc The purpose of this special section is to generate an improved communication among international scientists that we hope will lead to enhanced food security © 2021 The Authors Agronomy Journal © 2021 American Society of Agronomy

The present study reveals about the diversity and distribution of tree species in Sringeri Range. About 97 species belong to 73 genera and 42 families. Major number of species showmedicinal values and economically important.

In this paper I argue that the value attributed to coral reefs drives the characterisation of evidence for their regeneration or degradation. I observe that regeneration and degradation depend on an understanding of what an ecosystem looks like when undegraded (a baseline), and that many mutually exclusive baselines can be given for any single case. Consequently, facts about ecological processes are insufficient to usefully and non-arbitrarily characterise changes to ecosystems. By examining how baselines and the value of reefs interact in coral and algal reef examples, I argue that considering the value of an ecosystem is a necessity when describing processes like regeneration and degradation. This connects value as studied in socio-ecological and economic research with values as discussed in the philosophy of science literature. It also explains why such a broad range of processes may be considered regenerative, including those which introduce significant novelty, as well as pointing towards ways to mediate related debates, such as those surrounding novel and ‘pristine’ ecosystems.

Building mixed-tenure communities is increasingly promoted as a way to increase housing supply and improve community outcomes. However, communities described as mixed-tenure vary greatly. The lack ...

The subject of consideration in the article is a mathematical model for calculating the main parameters of regenerative MGTPs when using bypassing cyclic air past the regenerator to control heat generation for cogeneration MGTPs. It has been established that the use of air bypassing past the regenerator makes it possible to change the amount of heat generated by the cogeneration MGTP over a wide range (up to 75...80%). This makes it possible to meet the needs of local facilities for heat at cyclic or variable heat load, ensuring the stability of the supply of electricity. This model can be used for simplified and preliminary calculations of MGTP.

This paper described in-laboratory oil regeneration process of aged transformer oil using adsorbent; Fuller’s earth. The niche of this paper is the usage of real aged transformer oil taken from an 11kV/433V in-service power transformer made by ACEC Transformer in 1986. The regeneration process is achieved by forcing a mixture of aged transformer oil and Fuller’s earth through a filter paper with the aid of a vacuum pump, hence producing reclaimed transformer oil. This oil was then inserted in an amber glass bottle, blanketed with nitrogen, tightly sealed, and labelled. To test the effectiveness of Fuller’s earth as adsorbent, parameters of Dissolved Decay Product (DDP) were measured using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) by referring to ASTM D6802. In addition, Total Acid Number (TAN) and Breakdown Voltage (BdV) measurement were carried out complying the ASTM D974 and ASTM D1816 respectively. Results of UV-Vis indicated that Fuller’s earth can adsorbed 25.24% of DDP in aged transformer oil. As the DDP decreased, TAN is 84.62% reduced while BdV increased 50%. These findings are parallel with the breakdown voltage mechanism due to acidity emergence. It is proved that Fuller’s earth is effective adsorbent for oil regeneration process.

The paper considers the problems of utilizing forest resources and proposes a way to close the resource loop in the forest industry via processing forestry waste into carbon nanomaterials, which can be further used as a basis for biological preparations stimulating forest restoration.

Some coastal environments facing climate change risks are starting to be managed with nature-based solutions (NBS). Strategies based on the rehabilitation of green infrastructures in coastal municipalities, such as renaturalization of seafronts, are considered adaptive to the effects of climate change but may cause misconceptions that could lead to social conflicts between the tourist sector and the society. A survey was carried out to study user perceptions on the effects of climate change, preferences for adaptation strategies, and the assessment of projects of dune reconstruction. We find that while beach users recognize the benefits of NBS for environmental conservation and storm protection, they show little concern about possible effects of climate change on recreational activity and have limited understanding about the protective capacity of NBS. Thus, a greater effort must be made to better explain the effects of climate change and the potential benefits of NBS in coastal risk management.

This study analyzes two cases, the High Line and Seoullo7017, that have several common characteristics considering the background and aims of the culture & art regeneration. The High Line in New York is a successful case of the culture & art regeneration; however, the evaluation of Seoullo7017 is controversial. This study aims to determine the key factor affecting the culture & art regeneration through a comparative analysis of these two cases. Previous studies related to the culture & art regeneration summarized some details required to make it sustainable and successful; these details include citizen participation, public-private networks, horizontal communication, supplying finances, community based, effective utilization of urban resources, establishment of an organization for the culture & art regeneration, and participation of artists. These can be categorized into public-private cooperation, placeness, and professionalism. This study analyzes each case according to the aforementioned categories and compares the similarities and differences to determine the key factor affecting the sustainability of the culture & art regeneration. Public-private partnership constitutes the most significant difference between the two cases. The principal agent of the High Line project is “Friends of the High Line”, a private non-profit organization, that closely cooperates with the public and other private sectors. The city of New York has community boards and some organizations that attempt to reinforce cooperation between the public and private sectors; these organizations actively participate in the culture & art regeneration. However, in Seoul, there is a lack of active cooperation or participation of the private sector and the communication between the public and private sectors is weak. This comparative analysis elucidated that public-private partnership is the most important element in the sustainable culture & art regeneration.

This study aims to design and create a virtual chemical textile laboratory model as an effort to improve students' understanding of learning Textile Chemistry, especially on the subject of making cellulose-based regenerative textile fibers that have a high level of abstraction and complexity. Theoretical learning in the form of verbal symbols, empirically is not representative enough to explain the concept of the system that is needed, so that the possibility is not affordable (likely to inaccessible) by students which effected to the lessen of learning experiences. These conditions have implications for the lack of student understanding of these processes which is indicated by the acquisition of low learning outcomes. The specific target of this research is to produce a virtual laboratory device as a simulation medium for learning textile chemistry on the subject of making effective cellulose-based regenerative fibers. Furthermore, the model developed is validated to get input from experts related to the technology used, design and process content in the developed model. The validation results show that this model is suitable for use in the study of textile chemistry and can be used to improve students' understanding of the material for making cellulose-based regenerative textile fibers. In the limited trials that have been carried out, there are some features, image choices, and some simulations that need to be refined to avoid students' misinterpretations of the planned chemical process concept. Students involved in the trials are more motivated to continue learning related concepts that have been learned. In subsequent studies this model will be tested on a broader scale to measure its effect on the mastery of concepts and its ability to improve learning outcomes in textile chemistry courses, on the material for making cellulose-based regenerative fibers.

Aim Simulation models are important tools for quantifying the resilience (i.e., persistence under changed environmental conditions) of forest ecosystems to global change. We synthesized the modelling literature on forest resilience, summarizing common models and applications in resilience research, and scrutinizing the implementation of important resilience mechanisms in these models. Models applied to assess resilience are highly diverse, and our goal was to assess how well they account for important resilience mechanisms identified in experimental and empirical research. Location Global. Time period 1994 to 2019. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We reviewed the forest resilience literature using online databases, selecting 119 simulation modelling studies for further analysis. We identified a set of resilience mechanisms from the general resilience literature and analysed models for their representation of these mechanisms. Analyses were grouped by investigated drivers (resilience to what) and responses (resilience of what), as well as by the type of model being used. Results Models used to study forest resilience varied widely, from analytical approaches to complex landscape simulators. The most commonly addressed questions were associated with resilience of forest cover to fire. Important resilience mechanisms pertaining to regeneration, soil processes, and disturbance legacies were explicitly simulated in only 34 to 46% of the model applications. Main conclusions We found a large gap between processes identified as underpinning forest resilience in the theoretical and empirical literature, and those represented in models used to assess forest resilience. Contemporary forest models developed for other goals may be poorly suited for studying forest resilience during an era of accelerating change. Our results highlight the need for a new wave of model development to enhance understanding of and management for resilient forests.

Visando contribuir para o melhor entendimento da regeneração da Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM), apresenta-se resultado de pesquisa que avaliou o impacto de dois tipos de manejo do estrato herbáceo como pastagem (tradicional e melhorada com sobressemeadura) na regeneração natural do componente arbóreo em remanescentes de FOM no Norte de Santa Catarina. Nestes locais, tradicionalmente, ocorre a extração da erva-mate associada a criação bovina leiteira, sistema regionalmente denominado de caíva. No geral, evidenciou-se que, independente do manejo adotado, a regeneração natural das espécies arbóreas típicas de FOM é um processo ativo, presente e contínuo nas caívas avaliadas. Evidenciou-se significativa diferença na diversidade e densidade total de indivíduos do componente de regeneração, sendo esta mais expressiva nas caívas sobressemeadas. A alta incidência de rebrotas e reduzida presença de indícios de indivíduos com dano por pastejo sugerem que as roçadas frequentes, mais do que o pisoteio e pastejo animal, são processos atrelados ao manejo das caívas que determinam importante impacto negativo sobre o componente regenerativo. Embora as caívas estudadas tenham apresentado níveis satisfatórios de regeneração, há necessidade da adoção de medidas que minimizem as pressões negativas atuantes no sistema.

Land supply for new housing in the established middle-suburbs (greyfields), where much urban infill potential exists, is “locked up” due to restrictive land-use regulation. As a result, most reside...

The article is devoted to finding ways for the improvement of technical, economic and environmental characteristics of an existing gas thermal power plant (TPP). One of such ways is the use of thermochemical regeneration (TCR) technology. Thermochemical regeneration is the technology of utilization of the waste-gas heat, which lies in the conversion of fuel due to this heat, as a result of which a new fuel with a significantly higher calorific value is formed. In addition, this fuel contains a significant amount of hydrogen, the combustion of which is accompanied by lower NOx emissions as compared with, for example, natural gas. Thus, TCR enables one to solve simultaneously environmental problems (at least in part). When using this technology, there is a problem of finding a heat source to implement the conversion process. It is shown that the replacement of intermediate steam superheater by thermochemical reactor reduces the efficiency of power plant as a whole. Therefore, we analyze the variant of gas-turbine superstructure over the TPP. Two schemes of the realization of TCR with steam-gas power plant (SGP) are considered: a scheme with the use of air excess for decreasing the temperature of working body before the gas turbine (α > 1) and a scheme with ballast in the form of combustion products. Calculations show that the presence of oxygen in the reagent of conversion significantly reduces its degree, which makes such schemes inefficient, and the use of combustion products as ballast to reduce the temperature of working fluid before the gas turbine gives an increase in efficiency of 3.6% (rel.) as compared with conventional SGP. It is established that the introduction of scheme with ballast in the form of combustion products will save 2790 nm3 / h of natural gas. Keywords: thermal power industry, thermochemical regeneration, steam-gas power plant

The purpose of the studyis to study the problems of stopping and preventing the process of desertification of pasture lands in Kazakhstan and development of measures for anticrisis management of cattle grazing territories by introducing a model of automated information management system (AIMS). The authors provide data on the considered issue as part of the implementation of the Program on Combating Desertification in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2005-2015. Based on the analysis of the influence of anthropogenic factors on vegetation and soil surface of deserted zone of the republic, it was revealed that its total area is more than 50 mln ha, which has conditioned the relevance and timeliness of the system of measures aimed to overcome desertification of the republic's pasture lands. The results of the implementation of AIMS are shown on the example of a pilot innovation-active territory of administrative district using the public information system (GIS) and cooperation of agribusiness objects based on Smart technologies. Managing the diversity and differentiation of agricultural landscape determines the stability of its balance, self-restoration of potential and resistance to anthropogenic loads. Therefore, when managing pastures, it is necessary to preserve diversity of biotopes, primarily regeneration centers, swampy meadows and pastures, nodal thickening of biota; avoid uniform agricultural relief to maintain the balance of many biotic and abiotic factors in landscape; strive to create interconnected elements of ecological frame of the area, for which the development of appropriate automated information management system is required.

Stringent environmental regulations and economic expansion in the recent decades has justified the need for sustainable water usage in the process industry. This work presents a mathematical formul...

In the paper, the method of calculating the welding energy needed to regenerate parts of agricultural machines by welding (joining) or surfacing (rebuilding, hardfacing) is presented. Problems with the lack of adequacy of the commonly used formula for linear welding energy to the actual amount of heat introduced into the welded joint are discussed. A volumetric approach based on the effective amount of heat generated by the electric arc introduced per unit volume of the weld was proposed. The simplified formulas for volumetric energy are presented. The considerations are illustrated with examples of calculations. The analyzed examples include the use of a computerized stand for geometric measurements of metallographic specimens. The proposed volumetric method of calculating the amount of heat introduced into the welded joint is a more realistic indicator of heat demand than linear energy. On the other hand, based on the volume of the weld (padding weld), it allows to determine the amount of energy needed to regenerate machine parts, including agricultural ones.

Farmer-managed natural regeneration (FMNR) is being promoted for restoration beyond its original range in the Sahel. FMNR involves farmers selecting and managing natural regeneration on their fields, while keeping them under the primary function of agricultural production. However, little is known about what regenerates in different contexts, even though this underlies potential restoration impact. Here we assess how human impact, land degradation and dispersal limitation affect structural and functional properties of regeneration across 316 plots in agroforestry parklands of Ghana and Burkina Faso. We found that intensity of land use (grazing and agricultural practices) and dispersal limitation inhibited regeneration, while land degradation did not. Functional composition of regenerating communities shifted towards shorter statured, small-seeded and conservative strategies with intensity of land use. We conclude that the presence of trees of desired species in the vicinity is a precondition for successfully implementing FMNR for restoration, and that regeneration needs to be protected from grazing. Assessment of regeneration potential is imperative for scaling out FMNR and where natural regeneration will be insufficient to achieve restoration targets, FMNR needs to be complemented with tree planting.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Clinician researchers face the pressures of meeting academic benchmarks combined with advancing new therapies to patients. The vast majority of drug discoveries fail in translation. A new method of meeting the challenges of preclinical therapeutic translation is presented using the example of tympanic regeneration. RECENT FINDINGS The key to a design-thinking approach to therapeutic translation is to 'begin with the end in mind' by widening the scope of the problem, with multiple points of view, to not only understand the disease but the context for the patient and the health system in which it occurs. Idea for therapeutics should be tested in relevant models early and once proof of efficacy is established, translational milestones that represent the greatest risk, such as safety and toxicity should be addressed first. It is important to seek the feedback of industry early to understand what milestones should be best addressed next with limited academic resources. Whenever proceeding, guidelines for maintaining scientific reproducibility should be followed to minimize risk of failure during transfer into industry. SUMMARY A Design-thinking approach addresses the potential failures in drug discovery and preclinical translation.