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Public transportation brings more convenience to customer in urban and rural areas. In Malaysia, awareness of using the PJ City bus by passengers in Petaling Jaya is still limited. Many passengers are still unsatisfied with the services provided because the shuttle bus is zero-priced services, so the quality of services are always questioned by access users. Therefore, this current study is to investigate the influences of value, quality and reputation of free shuttle (PJ City) bus services towards customer satisfaction. Understanding what customers expect is very important as it will help to improve the services. Data were collected from users of PJ City bus using a survey questionnaire. The finding further revealed that, value positively influenced the satisfaction of customers. So, it is important for the service provider to enhance its value to the customer.

Puskesmas represents the functional organization unit that runs health efforts accepted and affordable by the entire community with society's active role. Puskesmas must have a good quality of health service to provide the satisfaction of the patients. Patient satisfaction is one of the leading indicators of health facilities and has become a standard measure of quality-of-service customer satisfaction. The general objectives of the study are to evaluate the level of satisfaction of patients at the Dental Clinic of Puskesmas Cimahi Tengah, Cimahi City, based on tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. This study used a descriptive study method through a questionnaire about patient satisfaction toward services at the dental clinic of Puskesmas Cimahi Tengah. The sample size used in this study were all patients who came to the dental clinic of Puskesmas Cimahi Tengah. The study results are based on the five dimensions analyzed, namely tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, which refer to the SERVQUAL model developed by Parasuraman. The service quality of the dental clinic at Puskesmas Cimahi Tengah on the dimensions of tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy was very satisfying. The conclusion based on the analysis of the respondents' responses on patient satisfaction at the dental clinic at the Central Cimahi Center was very gratifying.

Food demand is expected to surge due to the increase of world population. Malaysia is one of the top fish consumption countries in Asia, but the reduction of capture fishery has led to the increase for aquaculture for tilapia to overcome the demand. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the growth performance of red tilapia at different stocking densities of zeolite supplemented closed system. Red tilapia fry was stocked into aquarium. Five treatments (containing zeolite and without zeolite) with two replicates were used. Food was given twice a day with 2% of total biomass of the fish. Weight and length of red tilapia were measured every two weeks. The zeolite treatments which recorded the highest final mean weight was T1 with the lowest stocking density (5 fish) while in T5 (highest stocking density), lowest mean weight was recorded. Specific growth rate and length gain in T1 was significantly higher than other treatments. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in growth parameters between the treatments with and without zeolite. The results revealed that red tilapia stocked in the T1 of the lowest stocking density (5 fish) had the highest growth performance than the fish in other treatments. Compared to other treatments, T1 recorded the highest final length and weight, weight and length gain, Specific Growth Rate % (SGR) among the treatments. The findings will be useful for the practitioners to understand the best practice for stocking density in zeolite supplemented closed system.

This community service activity is expected that students will be able to independently transfer soft skills to empower the community through KKN (Real Work Lectures) and the impact of independent campus activities will give students the ability to compete in the world of work and even open new job opportunities. One of the solutions offered in this community service activity is the provision of soft skills with the vision of preserving the art culture of batik, namely batik shibori or tye dye. Achievement of community service activities involving Undikma students as agents of change is the hope of helping social change in the community as psychological health first aid for disaster survivors, especially the Covid 19 pandemic. The implementation method consists of five stages, namely communication; observation and legalization, strategies; execution (socialization of activities and training of Shibori batik), and evaluation. The activity was carried out from 03 September 2020 to 02 June 2021 with the target being Undikma students as members of the NTB shibori community. Each target has succeeded in making Shibori batik techniques with folding and coloring techniques based on their own creations with satisfactory category achievements. Where’s ≥ 90% of the participants (targets) were able to follow and demonstrate basic shibori techniques in folding and tying fabrics which are shown in independent demonstrations (without discussing or asking questions) and able to make decisions independently at the selection stage and how to dye the fabric colors which will later be used the final product.

This paper introduces the utilization of two different optimization models as a decision-making tool for municipal solid waste management. This study aims to provide a framework of decision-making in managing municipal solid waste in Malaysia and demonstrating the function model's potential for a decision-making tool. Process network synthesis is used as a first optimization model to generate feasible pathways for municipal solid waste conversion technologies. A standard data mining technique using machine learning was applied for a simple case study of municipal solid waste management. Data were divided with a ratio of 90:10 for training and testing data and further analysis using different model functions. The model functions involved are linear regression, multilayer perceptron neural network, and sequential minimal optimization regression. The linear regression function provides a better correlation coefficient than other models, 0.5894. The correlation coefficient for testing data slightly increases. The multilayer perceptron model improved its correlation coefficient when inputting the testing dataset. The multilayer perceptron model's correlation coefficient reached 0.7169 compared to the linear regression function. Therefore, this case study used the multilayer perceptron model as a basis. Results showed that both integrations of optimization models could be successfully used as a basis in waste management decision-making tools with good performance. The decision-making tool provides a faster and efficient way for the user and stakeholder to manage municipal solid waste. Developing a decision-making tool framework for municipal solid waste management can help achieve better municipal solid waste management.

Oral and maxillofacial fractures are the most common injuries among multiple trauma. About 5% to 10% of trauma patients having facial fractures. The objectives of this case study are to focus the most common mid-face fractures types' and to determine the relationship of the midface fracture in maxillofacial trauma among the patient who attended the outpatient clinic in a Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. In this research paper, an advanced statistical tool was chosen through the multilayer perceptron neural network methodology (MLPNN). Multilayer perceptron neural network methodology was applied to determine the most associated predictor important toward maxillary bone injury. Through the predictor important classification analysis, the relationship of each bone will be determined, and sorting according to their contribution. After sorting the most associated predictor important toward maxillary bone injury, the validation process will be applied through the value of training, testing, and validation. The input variables of MLPNN were zygomatic complex fracture, orbital wall fracture, nasal bone fracture, frontal bone fracture, and zygomatic arch fracture. The performance of MLPNN having high accuracy with 82.2%. As a conclusion, the zygomatic complex fracture is the most common fracture trauma among the patient, having the most important association toward maxillary bone fracture. This finding has the highest potential for further statistical modeling for education purposes and the decision-maker among the surgeon.

This study investigates the concept of perceived value on the customers' intention to revisit Malaysian green resorts. It is a cultural case that happened in Malaysia. The perceived value would be assessed in a formative manner based on a multi-dimensional scale, which includes the dimensions of functional, social, emotional, and epistemic. This research was applied to a survey method. The unit of analysis is the resort customers, with distributed questionnaires to customers who have stayed in one of the selected green resorts and have consumed the products and services at these resorts for at least two days. This study provides significant insights and pertinent recommendations to the hospitality industry and extends the existing body of knowledge by assessing perceived value as an integrated formative construct and examining customers' overall perceived value towards green resorts. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the importance of green resorts associated with the communities, groups, and individuals from one generation to the next. Also, this study can be a benchmark, provide guidance, and the basis for future directions of future studies that are similar. It can contribute to providing a broader perspective on the issue. This study also addresses what academicians can do to teach students in the field of hospitality and tourism, create awareness among individual consumers and finally, to promote sustainability for tourists, travelers, as well participants in the field of hospitality. Next, attention is also given to the teaching of the hospitality and tourism areas in the lodging, meetings and events, and foodservice segments of the industry. Sustainability education in lodging operations includes ensuring that students understand that "green" lodging professionals participate. The paper estimates the demand for customers' intention to revisit the green resort in Malaysia. The originality of this paper comes out to the need to identify the application of green initiatives in the hospitality industry continues to rise in their contribution to preserve the environment as well as meeting the demands of environmentally-conscious customers.

PurposeHighlighting the prominence of spirituality at work, this paper aims to scrutinize the mediating role of perceived person-organization fit (P-O fit) on the relationship between workplace spirituality and nurse work engagement in the context of two Indonesian government hospital.Design/methodology/approachCross-sectional survey data of 138 nursing staff from two government hospitals operating in Indonesia were analyzed using structural equation modeling to estimate the mediation effects of perceived P-O fit on the relationship between workplace spirituality and nurse engagement.FindingsThe results of the research proved the positive effect of workplace spirituality on nurse work engagement. Likewise, P-O fit act as a mechanism through which workplace spirituality affects nurse engagement.Research limitations/implicationsThis study only uses a sample of two government hospitals, which may limit the generalizability of the outcomes. Despite of the small sample, the result of this inquiry provides new insights into the advancement of human behavior theory in hospital service, especially on the factors that influence nurse work engagement. On a broader sense, top management might set a necessary program to wholly nurture nurse spiritual potential as a step to convalesce their spiritual awareness.Practical implicationsBased on the discovery, the study presents strong theoretical and managerial implications that can be used by health care institutions to evaluate the importance of workplace spirituality on employee engagement among nurses. This paper contributes by fulfilling the fissure in the management literature of health care, in which empirical studies on workplace spirituality in the relationship with employee engagement have been scarce until now.Originality/valueThe present perceived P-O fit in the relation between the spirituality of the workplace and nurse engagement enhances human behavior theory in the health care context.

Background and purpose: The hospitality industries need to create benevolent work environment and social activities that stimulate frontline service employees (FLEs) innovative behavior. Drawing on social capital theory, this study aims to examine the influence of workplace friendship on promoting FLEs’ innovative service behavior. This study also examines the mediating role of knowledge sharing process (knowledge collecting and knowledge donating) on the relationship between workplace friendship and FLEs’ innovative service behavior. Design/Methodology/Approach: For data collection, the convenience sampling method is applied to survey 163 frontline employees in 3- and 4-stars tourist hotels located in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The present study performed structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) software Smart-PLS v3.0 to test the hypotheses. Results: The result showed that workplace friendship has significant influence on FLEs’ innovative service behavior. Also, this study empirically found that workplace friendship influence FLEs’ innovative service behavior directly and indirectly trough knowledge collecting. Interestingly, knowledge donating has insignificant effect on FLEs innovative service behavior. Conclusion: We conclude that workplace friendship could create a favorable work environment that fostering FLEs innovative service behavior trough knowledge sharing process. Therefore, this research adds to the body of knowledge by pointing out the influence of workplace friendship and knowledge sharing process on FLEs innovative service behavior. This present study also provides the human resource practice regarding how to nurturing workplace friendship that stimulates FLEs innovative work behavior.

Fasting is defined as worship holding back or abstaining from eating, drinking, and all things that cancel it, starting from dawn to sunset. Although obligatory, fasting has rukhsah (relief), which can be withdrawn, for example, in conditions that can endanger the safety of life or health if fasting is continued. Muslims who undergo fasting can have different medical conditions, for example, patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, inflammatory bowel disease, lung disease, heart disease, kidney disease, and pregnancy. Therefore, knowledge of fasting and its effects on various medical conditions. Not many people understand very well about the rules of using drugs when fasting so that therapy does not go well, whereas illness that is not appropriately treated will disrupt our fasting. The solution offered is the existence of this service can provide an understanding to the citizens of Aisyiyah in the city of Palangka Raya about how to use drugs in the month of Ramadan in terms of health science and terms of Islamic principles.

Sequential prediction is an essential component of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in a number of domains. In this paper, we analyze the performance of sequential prediction algorithms that are used to predict the next event in smart environments. We first employ three sequential prediction algorithms, namely LZ78, Active LeZi (ALZ) and the Sequence Prediction via Enhanced Episode Discovery (SPEED) to build sequential trees, and then an efficient prediction algorithm with different window lengths is applied to these trees to predict the next sensor event for a sequence of activities. The sequential algorithms are tested with different window lengths for a dataset consists of 25 sensors. The results show that the best prediction accuracy is achieved by SPEED with a peak accuracy of 92.86%, but with higher storage requirement compared to LZ78 and ALZ.

As of the year 2020, Indonesia has the fourth most populous country in the world. With Indonesia’s population expected to continuously grow, the increase in provision of healthcare needs to match its steady population growth. Hospitals are central in providing healthcare to the general masses, especially for patients requiring medical attention for an extended period of time. Length of Stay (LOS), or inpatient treatment, covers various treatments that are offered by hospitals, such as medical examination, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. Generally, hospitals determine the LOS by calculating the difference between the number of admissions and the number of discharges. However, this procedure is shown to be unproductive for some hospitals. A cost-effective way to improve the productivity of hospital is to utilize Information Technology (IT). In this paper, we create a system for predicting LOS using Neural Network (NN) using a sample of 3055 subjects, consisting of 30 input attributes and 1 output attribute. The NN default parameter experiment and parameter optimization with grid search as well as random search were carried out. Our results show that parameter optimization using the grid search technique give the highest performance results with an accuracy of 94.7403% on parameters with a value of Epoch 50, hidden unit 52, batch size 4000, Adam optimizer, and linear activation. Our designated system can be utilised by hospitals in improving their effectiveness and efficiency, owing to better prediction of LOS and better visualization of LOS done by web visualization.

Based on the preliminary study, there are two problems that the development team faces; lack of development model or guideline with culture context for mobile learning developments and lack of cultural context in user interface and user experience of mobile learning development and practices. The main objectives are; (i) to propose Mobile Learning Development Lifecycle Cultural Model and to (ii) assess the proposed Mobile Learning Development Lifecycle Cultural Model. An IT scholar and five IT staff involved in mobile learning development based on the public and private sector at Klang Valley, Malaysia had been chosen for the interview session. The collected data has been analyzed by applying the thematic analysis approach. The first objective was achieved based on IT scholar reviewed on the model proposed. The IT scholar reviewed, (i) challenges on mobile learning development, (ii) theory of Hofstede on the design phase, (iii) user persona on the requirements phase, (iv) advantages of using the proposed model and (v) challenges on Mobile Learning Development Lifecycle Cultural Model. Then, the second objective was achieved by analyzing the qualitative information from the IT staff on the model proposed. The assessment was done by the IT staff for the Mobile Learning Development Lifecycle Cultural Model. There were four primary categories highlighted by the IT staffs which were (i) challenges on mobile learning development, (ii) overcome the challenges, (iii) important elements in mobile learning development and (iv) advantages of Mobile Learning Development Lifecycle Cultural Model. For future work, this study can include more IT scholar and IT staff from diverse positions from multiple organizations.

Bi-objective Emergency Medical Service Design Problem is a problem to determining the location of the station Emergency Medical Service among all candidate station location, the determination of the number of emergency vehicles allocated to stations being built so as to serve medical demand. This problem is a multi-objective problem that has two objective functions that minimize cost and maximize service. In real case there is often uncertainty in the model such as the number of demand. To deal the uncertainty on the bi-objective emergency medical service problem is using Robust Optimization which gave optimal solution even in the worst case. Model Bi-objective Emergency Medical Service Design Problem is formulated using Mixed Integer Programming. In this research, Robust Optimization is formulated for Bi-objective Emergency Medical Service Design Problem through Robust Counterpart formulation by assuming uncertainty in demand is box uncertainty and ellipsoidal uncertainty set. We show that in the case of bi-objective optimization problem, the robust counterpart remains computationally tractable. The example is performed using Lexicographic Method and Branch and Bound Method to obtain optimal solution.

This study aimed at explaining the influence of disruptive innovation on business performance with competitive advantage as a mediator and networking capability as moderate. The tool of analysis used was Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The sample size of this research was 120 owners and/or managers of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Purwokerto areas. The result showed that disruptive innovation has a positive effect on both business performance and competitive advantage. The study supported the view that competitive advantage has a positive impact on business performance. Also, competitive advantage act as mediating variable on the relationship between disruptive innovation and business performance. Finally, the last hypothesis stated that networking as moderation variable of disruptive innovation to business performance was supported.

Ficus carica, a native plant to the Middle East and Western Asia, is of high value in folk medicine. The therapeutic potential of Ficus carica has led to the extensive studies in recent years, focusing on evaluating and validating its pharmacological effect. The present systematic review summarizes the effectiveness of Ficus carica on promoting bone health focusing on osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis via mineral contents and RANKL pathway. The search was done with Medline via Ebscohost, Scopus and Google Scholar databases to obtain relevant articles published between 1946 and December 2016. The main inclusion criteria were research articles published in English that reported effect of Ficus carica on bone health. The literature search returned 716 potentially relevant articles, whereby 5 met the inclusion criteria. This systematic review concludes Ficus carica plays an important role in the promotion of bone health and can be a potential pharmaceutical product in the future.

This research aims to analyze income farming of cooperative members and added value of processed products of coffee at cooperative Agro Panca Bhakti. This research was purposively conducted at Cooperative Agro Panca Bhakti, Sekincau, West Lampung Regency from May to July 2018 with 34 respondents cooperative members and 4 respondents cooperative management. The data of this research were collected by using case study method and were analyzed descriptively by income farming analysis and value added method by Hayami. The results of this research showed that the average of income based on total cost per year received by cooperative members was Rp11.012.188,82 per hectare. Processed products of coffee at cooperative Agro Panca Bhakti was viable development because it has positive added value.Keywords : coffee, income farming, value added

The scientific research on aquaculture efficiency and productivity has been increasing over the years. This study aims to identify the publication trends and growth potential of aquaculture efficiency and productivity studies. A bibliometric analysis was employed for a sample of 85 scientific articles published during the 1998–2020 period. The findings show that authors and institutions have close groups in collaboration networks. Through the citation analysis, three clusters were obtained that were related to the use of stochastic frontier analysis in an empirical application, Norwegian salmon aquaculture, and efficiency studies associated to freshwater aquaculture. For the temporal evolution of the keywords, earlier existing studies adopted a stochastic translog production function to assess the technical efficiency of aquaculture production, whereas later studies used data envelopment analysis, which focused on more diverse research objectives. The farms or subsectors of aquaculture in Norway, Bangladesh, and Vietnam have been analyzed in-depth for the efficiency and productivity in the existing studies. Education, experience, and age of farmers are often used as determinants to explain the variations in technical efficiency. The present study concludes that aquaculture efficiency and productivity research is not moving toward a mature stage. Several of the discovered issues are only focused on specific countries, and there is still room for methodological improvement in assessing aquaculture efficiency and productivity. Nevertheless, research collaborations are growing, and new research trends that are related to environmental regulation and pollution show great interest in aquaculture efficiency and productivity. This study provides a clear roadmap for researchers and practitioners to understand the publication patterns and hotspots in the research field.

Natural ingredients have been known and used all over the world for thousands of years ago. In Indonesia, the natural ingredients, better known as herbal or traditional medicine, has been widespread since the time of the ancestors until now and continues to be preserved as a cultural heritage. The wealth of natural resources that we have is an asset of future development, the problem is how we can exploit that potential wisely and wisely. Siri herbs (Aleurites trisperma) is one of the plants in Indonesia. Pecan sunan (Aleurites trisperma) is the name of the plant given to the plant species of pecan poison. In middle Kalimantan this plant has started cultivated in the field of agriculture as bioindustry and pesticide, there has been no research of the plant is used as a treatment. This study aims to obtain scientific data about the pharmacognostic picture of the hazelnut plants and to enrich the inventory of Indonesian medicinal plants, knowing the simplicia chemicals group of candlenut crops. The method used is experimental research with laboratory approach. The research was conducted with several stages of macroscopic, microscopic and leafy leaves extract obtained by maceration method and fatty test using soxhletation using 96% ethanol solvent. The results of the study on green leaf organoleptic, soft odor (no sting), tasting (preliminary), preliminary test of water content 13.09%, ash 0.9%, fat content 7.46%, crude fiber content 32.82% and phytochemical screening results showed the chemical content of positive sugars leaves contains tannins, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids.

Purpose Exponential growth in interest of workplace spirituality has led to the development of numerous theories based on various religious faiths. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the underlying dimensions of workplace spirituality in Islam by developing a scale to measure it and to present a subset of knowledge on workplace spirituality from both western and Islamic perspectives. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected data from 223 employees working at Islamic-based institutions in Indonesia. They tested the validity and reliability of the proposed indicators of Islamic workplace spirituality using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Findings This study enhances the literature in the field of human resources development, especially in the area of workplace spirituality, by empirically assessing the extent of spirituality in the Islamic workplace. The findings revealed 13 indicators that define Islamic workplace spirituality in the Indonesian business organizational context. Research limitations/implications This study was limited to Indonesia. In order to apply the 13 indicators in a broader, more global context, researchers need to conduct similar studies on a number of institutions worldwide. Practical implications Scholars and professionals may use the research findings to justify their efforts in designing, developing, and implementing appropriate learning and performance improvement interventions, so that Islamic spirituality can increase continuously among employees. Social implications This study provides guidelines to the human resources managers of Islamic-based institution to assess the degree of spirituality of each job applicants during job selection. Originality/value This study is one of the first attempts to examine and measure Islamic spirituality in the workplace, not only in Indonesia, but also worldwide. The 13 indicators, drawn from religious psychology, provide a new scale to measure spirituality.

Internet has become an amazing potential for learning, entertainment and socializing gizmo. It has encouraged teenagers and children to participate and express themselves for extraordinary source of information and self-improvement. Understanding the responsibility that comes with technology is a key to safety. The study is useful because it enabled contrast between the views of children and the parents with regard to online risks and threats. Therefore, a literature review has been simplified and produced a proposed scope of this field which covers the benefits, risks and issues of on internet which combine, replicate and modify 2 surveys done by several researchers who examined the issues of parental self-efficacy in controlling and monitoring technology. Estimated to be organized in December 2018 this research will also consist of a survey and a total of 12 tape-recorded semi-structured interviews with children and parents to discover how often children encounter disturbing or harmful content on the web and what kind of prevention and solutions made by parents.

Effective use of Digital Marketing on micro small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This paper aims to analyze the influence of Information Technology, Employee Skill, digital strategy to Digital Marketing in MSMEs. Data were drawn from using a questionnaire of culinary tourism businesses and stakeholders. A literature review supported empirical data. The paper finds that MSME has significantly different attitudes to Digital Marketing and cannot be regarded as a homogenous group for Digital Marketing initiatives. Rather, specific targeting would enhance participation and lead to more effective use. The data begins from one area and thusly the assessment setting limits, the generalizability of the results. By giving suggestions to focused activities the paper adds to the advancement of compelling help for MSME Digital Marketing use. Creativity to utilize is discussed within the context of existing literature to confirm and challenge current thought and present the case for more research into MSMEs Creativity. Departing from the research model the influence of internet technology, Employee Skill, Digital strategy on Digital marketing on tourism culinary MSMEs. The value lies in the paper's use of empirical data derived from three separate methods of data collection and informed by the literature. This provides rich data to enable wider implications of the subject area to be discussed and contributes new perspectives to the MSME Digital Marketing utilize to discuss.

The objectives of this research were to find out the income of cassava farming and the contribution to household income, and household welfare level of cassava farmers. The location was determined purposively, considering that Terbanggi Besar Sub-District has been the center of cassava production in Central Lampung Regency. The number of respondent s was 66 respondents and taken randomly. Data were collected in July 2019. The analytical method used farm analysis and BPS welfare indicators (2014). This research showed that average income of cassava farmimg wa s ID R 685 , 276 . 62 per month and the contribution of cassava farming income to household income wa s 36 . 9 %. B ased on BPS indicators, cassava farmer households in Terbanggi Besar Sub-District were mostly categorized as not prosperous farmer families. Key words: cassava farmers, household income, welfare level.

In this report, one herbal folk recipe traditional claim for diabetes treatment, jamu KM is subjected to scientific studies. The exposure of traditional diabetes decoction, KM extract to 3T3-L1 at 1 mg mL-1 shows significant increase in glucose uptake with no LD50 value. 150 μg mL-1 methanolic extract of Jamu KM yield intense lipid droplet accumulation in non-insulin induced adipocytes 3T3-L1. Further investigation through in vivo study of KM extract using diabetic Spraque Dawley rats indicates reduction in blood glucose at the concentration of 0.05 g kg-1 body weight (bwt). A similar response was observed with the treatment using glibenclamide at 0.006 g kg-1 bwt. Histopathological data show increase in the relative organ weight (g 100 g-1 bwt) of liver and kidney of all diabetic rats as compared to normal group while pancreas was not affected. However, glibenclamide treated group shows 14 and 15% larger liver and kidney, respectively, than the other diabetic groups and jamu KM treated. This finding is a promising approach in validation of herbal medication from the past wisdom through modern techniques.

The objectives of this research are to find out the selling standard cost of cassava production and the factors that influence the production of cassava farming. The research was a survey conducted in Central Lampung Regency in October-November 2018. The samples are 73 cassava farmers selected randomly. Data were analyzed using total income, total cost s , profit margin, and Cobb-Douglas production function. The results showed that selling standard cost with profit margin of 13 percent is ID R1,145.81 in Terusan Nunyai Subsdistrict and ID R1,032.59 in Bandar Mataram Subsdistrict. The average price received by farmers is ID R1,456.57 and ID R1,570.65 respectively. It means that farmers have benefit from technical efficiency of cassava farming. There is a significant difference between the selling cost of cassava in area close to factory and that in farther area. The factors that affect the production of cassava are seeds, urea fertilizer, and location. Key words: Cassava , determining production cost, determining selling cost, f arming .

The objectives of this study are to find out the profit, the farmers’ perception, the farmers’ interest of industrial cassava farmers, and to analyze factors affecting of the farmers’ interest for the industrial cassava. The locations of this study are chosen purposively in Sukadana and Rajabasa Batanghari Villages, Sukadana District, East Lampung Regency. The number of respondents were 64 farmers selected using simple random sampling method. The data were collected in September - October 2018. The profit is analyzed descriptively, the farmers’ perception is analyzed using the Likert Scale, and the factors affecting farmers’ interest are analyzed using binary logistic regression. The results of this study showed that the profit was IDR10,355,938.25 per hectare. The farmers’ perception of the industrial cassava farming was easy because of its the easiness of cultivation, the reliability of market, the availability of the agricultural extension, and the fulfillment for the farmers’ needs. The farmers’ interest in cassava farming was low. The factors affecting the farmers’ interest in cassava farming were the planting area and the price of the cassava.Key words: agriculture, cassava farmers, interests, perception

The increment uses of social networking sites (SNS) such as Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp have changed the way people communicates with each other especially among students in university. Thus, th...

Fun at the workplace is a broad subject but specifically it plays a vital role in organizations as it can lead to benefit for both management and employees. The effects of fun at the workplace have led to a phenomenon that impacts both employees and the employer. It is noted that based on previous studies the literature on fun at the workplace has been mixed. This paper, therefore, will draw a theoretical framework that contributes to an understanding of fun at the workplace concept as a whole. This study further aims to determine how fun at the workplace gives impact within the organization and to further understand the benefits, values and desired outcomes of it. For this paper, structured questionnaires were distributed online through Google forms and were administered through LinkedIn, and Twitter to one hundred and five (105) respondents. Internal consistency was tested using Cronbach's alpha. The sample for this research was from a population who are working and not limited to any particular industry. The findings of the research prove that fun at the workplace increase the positive impacts among employees in Malaysia and is beneficial for the organizations as reference to foster suitable fun in the working environment.

A practice of adopting In-situ concrete (ISC) construction method for wet areas in pre-cast concrete (PC) buildings to overcome leakage problem is a setback for full IBS adoption. Various options explored while developing ideal solution only to discover the answer is possible within the existing parameters of IBS. The proposal adopts composite construction comprised of metal permanent formwork and ISC casting for toilet floor, while PC components remained as buildings structural framing system. This proposal combined different elements of IBS systems offers all the advantages associated with IBS; minimize wastages, better quality, shorter construction period and minimized unskilled workers.

This article is a review of the literature that aims at bringing into surface the issue of risk management in equity-based financing which is currently less attractive to Islamic banks. There are several forms of Islamic financing offered to potential borrower. Equity financing is less favorable as compared to debt financing due to high risks associated with it. Substantial numbers of strategies have been developed by researchers to mitigate the financing risks nonetheless the attempt is far from succeed. It is evidenced in the literature that both investors and financial intermediaries tend to overlooked profit and loss sharing mode of financing. Meanwhile Equity financing is adored to be the best form of financing to be offered to small business since it is operating under the principle of justice. Profit and loss sharing mechanism relieve both fund providers and borrowers from financial burden. This article shall review potential risks embedded in equity financing and strategies to overcome the problem. ----- Artikel ini merupakan kajian literatur yang bertujuan untuk membahas manajemen resiko bagi pembiayaan syariah berbasis ekuitas yang saat ini kurang diminati oleh bank syariah. Bank syariah menawarkan beberapa bentuk pembiayaan kepada calon nasabah. Pembiayaan berbasis bagi hasil dianggap kurang menguntungkan dibandingkan dengan pembiayaan berbasis hutang karena adanya risiko tinggi terkait pembiayaan bagi hasil. Sejumlah strategi telah dikembangkan oleh peneliti untuk meminimalisir resiko pembiayaan namun strategi tersebut masih jauh dari sukses karena belum mampu meningkatkan jumlah pembiayaan berbasis bagi hasil yang disalurkan oleh bank syariah. Meskipun demikian pembiayaan syariah berbasis ekuitas dianggap sebagai bentuk terbaik dari pembiayaan yang akan ditawarkan kepada usaha kecil karena beroperasi atas prinsip keadilan. Mekanisme pembiayaan berbasis laba rugi meringankan pihak yang bermitra, dalam hal ini bank Islam dan usaha kecil, dari beban keuangan. Artikel ini akan meninjau potensi risiko yang melekat pada pembiayaan ekuitas dan strategi untuk mengatasinya

The research is conducted to study the exact need of the signage at disaster prone area. The smart signage is needed to increase the safety, reduce the search and rescue time and finally will ease the help to arrive at the relieve center in any condition at any time without interruption. Signage implementation for disaster relief centers is still a foreign matter in Malaysia. The level of preparedness to the natural disaster mainly flood among our citizens is inadequate. Here the signage which usually used as a tool to help and protect the health and safety of the road users, employees and work place visitors. For many years, the signage has played its part miraculously to provide vivid information to the users in whatever condition. The signage also could be used as an indicator or information provider for the natural disaster victims to move to a safer place on time. Sometimes, the victims would not have sufficient time to safe themselves due to lack of information and time. Thus, it can be concluded that the signage at disaster prone area is vital.

Financial conglomerates are financial institutions that provide all forms of financial services on the top of ordinary banking service. The quality of financial conglomerates’ performance depends on a number of factors namely ownership structure, internal capital market, and resources sharing. Research on the performance of financial conglomerates is still lacking in Indonesia. This study, therefore, is among the first attempt to assess the influence of ownership structure, internal capital market and resources sharing on the performance financial conglomerate firms in Indonesia, from the industrial-organizational theory perspectives. The methodology employed is the ex-post facto research design, using secondary data. The population of the study is all the conglomerate's firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2010 until 2015 persistently. The study used regression as a tool of analysis. Findings supported three out of the five hypotheses proposed. Efficient subsidy and managerial ownership had no significant influence on firms’ performance. Efficient transfer segment had a positive influence on firms’ performance. Similarly, the result supported the proposition that intangible and tangible resources had a positive effect on firms’ performance. DOI : https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v21i2.649

Food security is the responsibility of all parties that is the government's responsibility as manager of government which includes order, security, and a prosperous society. The responsibilities of employers or manufacturers as the economic actors that drive business improvement and provide the needs of the community and the consumers who use the goods and services to meet their needs, especially food. The purpose of research is to determine the content of borax and formaldehyde in meatballs sold at the Muhammadiyah University of Palangkaraya. The method used is experimental research with laboratory approach that will be done with a series of try out. The results of this study show that meatballs in the environment of Muhammadiyah University of Palangkaraya partially detectable formaldehyde but largely undetectable contain formaldehyde as a hazardous material for Health. While the study of borax is undetectable contain borax, it indicated by the colour of the flame is not green, after the flame test there is no change of color on curcumin paper (still yellow) after the color test is done using curcumin paper.

The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is increasing globally every year, including in Malaysia. Approaching the year 2020, Malaysia still has MSW disposal issues since most waste goes to landfills rather than being utilized as energy. Process network synthesis (PNS) is a tool to optimize the conversion technologies of MSW. This study optimizes MSW conversion technologies using a PNS tool, the &ldquo, process graph&rdquo, (P-graph). The four highest compositions (i.e., food waste, agriculture waste, paper, and plastics) of MSW generated in Malaysia were optimized using a P-graph. Two types of conversion technologies were considered, biological conversion (anaerobic digestion) and thermal conversion (pyrolysis and incinerator), since limited data were available for use as optimization input. All these conversion technologies were compared with the standard method used: landfilling. One hundred feasible structure were generated using a P-graph. Two feasible structures were selected from nine, based on the maximum economic performance and minimal environmental impact. Feasible structure 9 was appointed as the design with the maximum economic performance (MYR 6.65 billion per annum) and feasible structure 7 as the design with the minimal environmental impact (89,600 m3/year of greenhouse gas emission).

Introduction Stress disorder among students is a major concern in tertiary education. This study aimed to determine the predominance source of stress among health sciences students in a government university in Malaysia by using validated Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ). Methodology: The MSSQ was distributed to 248 health science students. The items of MSSQ represent 40 events that reported to being possible sources of stress. Result and discussion: The MSSQ showed satisfactory level of psychometric property in the health science students. The main source of stress was the academic related stressor Conclusion Academic requirement is the major stressor for the students. This finding is consistent with the literature and appropriate measures should be sought to prevent its unwanted consequences.

Urban parks offer the ideal location and opportunities for physical activities to improve human psychological Garden, Malaysia under hot and humid microclimate conditions. A total of 438 respondents were interviewed on their perception related to the activities they were engaged in and their sensation of microclimatic conditions. The paper studies the psychological and physical mechanisms involved in outdoor activity and weather assessment. The influences of microclimatic conditions and the site settings of urban parks are verified. The findings show significant correlation between adaptive thermal comfort and chosen physical activity in a particular setting. © 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Centre for EnvironmentBehaviour Studies (cE-Bs), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

For major cities in Malaysia, globalized urban images are enthusiastically pursued by urban policy and explicitly depicted as a blueprint for a civilized city life. These developments have implications to physical and socio-economic developments as well as cultural aspects of cities in Malaysia. This is especially true for Iskandar Malaysia (IM), a new corridor development envisioned to be a “sustainable conurbation of internationalstanding‟. The whole initiatives targeted an enormous increase in socio-economic development indicators such as populations (222%), workforce (233%), and per-capita GDP (210%) during a 20-year period of 2005-2025. Since its establishment in 2006, Iskandar Malaysia has witnessed wide spread urban renewal and new urban/suburban projects which resulted in distinct physical and socio-economic changes. One of the challenges to urban consumption is the provision and allocation of amenities to people within the region. A main concern of this paper is to identify the impact of Iskandar Malaysia development on urban amenities distribution. The 2000 and 2010 census data will be explored using GIS to explain the spatial distribution of health, education and safety amenities. This information will be matched with the residential distribution to determine amenities’ location, distribution and accessibility.

The majority of children died from diarrhea each year. Diarrhea is more common in children under five years age group. In developing countries such as Indonesia, diarrhea is also one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between hand washing and disposal of faeces with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years old. The method using case-control design with a total sample of 84 people for the case group and the control group were 84 people. The instrument used to obtain the data by using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyzes. The results o/‘multivariate analysis that the variables associated with the incidence of acute diarrhea in children under five years old was Washing hands before touching food (OR = 2.085, p = 0.013) to Wash hands after cleaning/cleaning a child (OR = 2.847, p = 0.0] 7), excreta disposal site child (OR = 4.679,p = 0.020)) The conclusion that Wash your hands with water and soap after defecating, washing hands with soap and water before touching food, wash hands with soap and Water after cleaning / cleaning a child, boil water before consumption, and disposal of excreta child is a risk factor acute diarrhea in infants Keywords: Wash hands, acute diarrhea, Toddler

This study clarifies the perceptive and adaptive mechanisms involved in outdoor thermal comfort. The method of the study was through microclimate measurement coupled with systematic interviews of urban park users to identify the impacts of weather and personal factors on respondents’ perceptual and sensation estimations. The findings on the significant influences of microclimate parameters and personal factors on the participants’ perceptions of outdoor urban places are discussed. This study shows the respondents’ thermal adaptation from physiological and psychological perspectives. The significance of the findings showed the importance of a sustainable urban park for continued use by future communities.

Psychological adaptation towards environmental ergonomic is important to encourage better usage of outdoor space. Green space is a significant aspect as it is beneficial for the community. Outdoor spaces are supposedly an essential component of urban recreation space that provides opportunities for recreational activities. Human responses to the outdoor environment and actual thermal sensation experienced by individuals are important to determine the people’s level of understanding of the condition. This paper explores people’s perception about the microclimate condition in hot and humid climate. The responses of the respondents are correlated with the measurement of the microclimate condition. The microclimate conditions of the urban recreational area are measured to get the actual sensation of thermal experience of the people. The results confirmed the existence of adaptive thermal comfort amongst the respondents where they perceived better microclimatic conditions compared to what were measured.

Farming in urban areas is recognised as a sustainable approach towards the provision of food and has increased in Malaysia over recent years. Nonetheless, sustaining the people's participation in urban farming is challenging. Despite numerous researches in the past on the types of motivations for urban farming participation, only a few of those researches have been on the motivations of urban farming participants in Malaysia. This paper reports on a research about the motivational factors for urban farming participation in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. A questionnaire survey was conducted, of which the respondents comprised 243 practitioners of urban farming in Selangor. The results revealed that physical and mental health and the environment were the motivations with the highest scores among urban farming practitioners. Further investigations are warranted to understand the influences of age, gender and race on urban farming motivations and to help sustain urban farming programs.

Safety has been the main focus in many urban areas, including Malaysia. It is not only concern on the crime problems, but it is also important in promoting urban tourism. In 1996, UN-Habitat Nations emphasized the concept of Safe City due to the concern of the increase number of crime cases in urban areas. In Malaysia, Shah Alam and Putrajaya are some of the area that implemented the safe city programme. However, this concept is still questionable due to the frequent occurrence of crime has been reported. As such, this study explores the most importance steps of crime prevention and the effectiveness of Safe City Programme in Putrajaya. Putrajaya has been chosen as a case study as this area has applied the Safe City Programme since 2004. Local tourists have been selected as the main respondents because they are the major tourists in Putrajaya. Since Safe City Programme has been implemented in Putrajaya, many respondents presume that crime prevention steps in Safe City Programme were the “important” ways to ensure the level of tourist safety. On the other hand, in terms of the effectiveness, most of the respondents “satisfied” with the crime prevention steps in Putrajaya. In line of the findings, it is recommended that the tourism industry and law enforcement agencies collaborate to improve the crime prevention steps in Safe City Programme.

The purposes of this research are to analyze the income of cocoa farming, the income of cocoa farmer households, the poverty level of cocoa farmer households, the factors affecting the poverty rate of cocoa farmer households. This research was conducted in Sungai Langka Village, Gedong Tataan Subdistrict Pesawaran Regency . Respondents were 51 cocoa farmers taken using stratifi e d random sampling method based on land area. The analytical methods used were farm income analysis, household income analysis, household poverty level analysis, logistic analysis of farming household poverty level. The results showed that cash income of cocoa farming is Rp8,027,576.78 per ha per year and revenue at total cost Rp Rp4,335,373.38 per ha per year. The household income of cocoa farmers is Rp21,277,833.33 per year. Based on the World Bank indicator, the number of nonpoor farmers is 52.94 percent and poor farmers is 47.05 percent. And based on indicator BPS (2016) there are no poor farmers in food poverty, whereas the number of poor farmers in nonfood poverty is 31.37 percent and nonpoor farmers of 68.63 percent. The common poverty line is 21.57 percent of poor farmers and 78.43 percent of non-poor farmers. The percentage of the poor is 0.21, the poverty intencity index is 0.042, the poverty severity index is 0.00034. Factors that affect the poverty level is household income. Key words: cocoa, farming income, household income, poverty rate

The internet has grown rapidly and become the needs of the community in doing activity in various fields. One of them is the financial sector or bank. Banks as one of the areas that are close to the community must be able to provide customer satisfaction in providing quality services. The implementation of electronic banking services (e-banking)-quality is one of the keys to the banks to gather customers’ funds. One of the e-banking services is the mobile banking is used exclusively in the cell phones to the efficiency of the customer in doing transaction. In order to view the customer response to the performance of the mobile banking facility, review to the client according to the application for six months was investigasted. The Data reviews was taken from the Google Play. The review was analyzed using Sentiment analysis which is the process for classifying opinions into the category of positive or negative signals. This classification is then analyzed by using text mining with the Association of the words. The result are an important and useful information for the company. The method used in this classification is Naïve Bayes Classifer (NBC). The level of accuracy using the NBC is 89.41%. The accuracy showed that the classification by the system has been good.

Introduction: Stress among students is a major concern in tertiary education. This study determined the predominance source of stress among health sciences students in Malaysia. Methodology: Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ) represents 40 events possible sources of stress. was distributed to 248 health science students. Result and discussion: The MSSQ showed satisfactory level of psychometric property in the health science students. The main source of stress was the academic related stressor Conclusion: Academic requirement is the major stressor for the students. This finding is consistent with the literature and appropriate measures should be sought to prevent its unwanted consequences. Keywords: MSSQ; Allied health; Stress disorder ; Academic related domain. eISSN 2514-7528 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

Trees are an essential part of every community in an urban area. The trees' canopies and crowns provide comfortable conditions for outdoor activities and recreation. This paper presents the simulations of tree shades, which is proven to enhance the microclimate of an urban park. The results showed that the tree shades sustained the microclimate of the park; lower the air temperature control the thermal comfort and maintained the wind flow. The implications of the outcomes show significant modifications in the human comfort sensation concerning the restoration of urban setting with tree shades.Keywords: Trees; Canopies; Thermal Comfort; Urban ParkeISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i11.113

In Malaysia, urban farming is viewed as a catalyst towards achieving the well-being of urban dwellers and natural environment. Urban farming is a strategy for Malaysia's food and economic security, and as one of the foci in the agriculture transformation whereby urban dwellers are encouraged to participate in this activity. Previous study proved that urban farming can help to address social problems of food security, urban poverty and high living cost, also provides leisure and recreation among urban dwellers. Thus, this study investigates the best urban farming practices suitable for urban setting, environment and culture of urban dwellers. Data collection was done via questionnaire survey to urban farmers of a selected community garden in Subang Jaya, Selangor. Meanwhile, on-site observations were carried out on gardening activities and the gardens' physical attributes. The study sample encompasses of 131 urban farmers of 22 community gardens in Subang Jaya. It was found that most of the community gardens practiced crops planting on the ground or soil base planting and dwellers in the lower income group with monthly low household income constitutes the majority (83.2%) of the respondents. Social and health benefits are the highest motivating factors for urban farmers. This study provides unprecedented insights on urban farming practices and motivations in a Malaysian setting.

This paper clarifies the perceptive and adaptive mechanisms involved in an outdoor thermal comfort in hot, and humid condition. The method of the study was through microclimate measurement coupled with structured interviews of urban park users. The objective of this study is to identify the impacts of weather and personal factors on respondents’ perceptual and sensation estimations. The findings on the significant influences of microclimate parameters and personal factors on the participants’ perceptions of outdoor urban places are discussed. This study shows the respondents' thermal adaptation from physiological and psychological perspectives. The significance of the findings showed the importance of a sustainable urban park for continued use by future communities.Keywords: Outdoor Thermal Comfort; Urban Park; Microclimate; Hot and HumideISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.