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With the increase of cosmetic injectable hyaluronic acid (HA), there have been more cases with serious complications, including skin necrosis, blindness, and cerebral embolism. Patients who have recovered from HA filler-induced total vision loss are extremely rare. We report a case of a 27-year-old female who developed severe ocular pain on the right side and total vision loss following a 1.0 ml HA filler injection in the nasal dorsum. She arrived at our hospital 4 hours later. Her visual acuity was no light perception (NLP), and she exhibited eyelid ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and frontal and nasal ecchymosis. She was promptly treated with subcutaneous and retrobulbar hyaluronidase injections, as well as intra-arterial 1500 IU hyaluronidase injections into the right ophthalmic artery with DSA assistance. Her vision improved from NLP to counting fingers at 1.0 meters. Unfortunately, 13 hours later, she felt an intense headache, and her vision again decreased to NLP. We immediately performed an injection of 1500 IU hyaluronidase combined with 8 mg alteplase for intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT) into the right ophthalmic artery. Her vision improved immediately afterward. After 3 months, her visual acuity had significantly recovered from NLP (admission vision status) to 20/50 (Snellen chart with glasses). Similarly, skin, conjunctival, eye movement, and ptosis symptoms completely recovered. This case demonstrates that reversal of complete blindness due to embolism of the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries could be accomplished through multidisciplinary therapies, especially IAT using fibrinolytic agents combined with hyaluronidase followed by an anticoagulant regimen. Level of evidence VThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine Ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

BackgroundNanocovax is a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 subunit vaccine composed of full-length prefusion stabilized recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins (S-2P) and aluminum hydroxide adjuvant.MethodsWe conducted a dose-escalation, open label trial (phase 1) and a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (phase 2) to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the Nanocovax vaccine (in 25 microgram (mcg), 50 mcg, and 75 mcg doses, aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted). In phase 1, 60 participants received two intramuscular injection of the vaccine following dose-escalation procedure. The primary outcomes were reactogenicity and laboratory tests to evaluate the vaccine safety. In phase 2 which involved in 560 healthy adults, the primary outcomes are vaccine safety; and anti-S IgG antibody response. Secondary outcomes were surrogate virus neutralization, wild-type SARS-CoV-2 neutralization, and T-cell responses by intracellular staining (ICS) for interferon gamma (IFNg). We performed primary analyses at day 35 and day 42.ResultsFor phase 1 study, no serious adverse events (SAE) were observed for all 60 participants. Most adverse events (AE) were grade 1 and disappeared shortly after injection. For phase 2 study, after randomization, 480 participants were assigned to receive the vaccine with adjuvant, and 80 participants were assigned to receive placebo. Reactogenicity was absent or mild in the majority of participants and of short duration (mean, ≤3 days). Unsolicited adverse events were mild in most participants. There were no serious adverse events related to Nanocovax. Regarding the immunogenicity, Nanocovax induced robust anti-S antibody responses. There was no statistical difference in antibody responses among dose strengths on Day 42, in terms of anti S-IgG level and neutralizing antibody titer.ConclusionsUp to 42 days, Nanocovax vaccine was safe, well tolerated and induced robust immune responses. We propose using Nanocovax 25 mcg for Phase 3 to evaluate the vaccine efficacy. (Research funded by Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC., and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam;ClinicalTrials.govnumber,NCT04683484.)

This paper presents results from the second Thermal Image Super-Resolution (TISR) challenge organized in the framework of the Perception Beyond the Visible Spectrum (PBVS) 2021 workshop. For this second edition, the same thermal image dataset considered during the first challenge has been used; only mid-resolution (MR) and high-resolution (HR) sets have been considered. The dataset consists of 951 training images and 50 testing images for each resolution. A set of 20 images for each resolution is kept aside for evaluation. The two evaluation methodologies proposed for the first challenge are also considered in this opportunity. The first evaluation task consists of measuring the PSNR and SSIM between the obtained SR image and the corresponding ground truth (i.e., the HR thermal image downsampled by four). The second evaluation also consists of measuring the PSNR and SSIM, but in this case, considers the ×2 SR obtained from the given MR thermal image; this evaluation is performed between the SR image with respect to the semi-registered HR image, which has been acquired with another camera. The results out-performed those from the first challenge, thus showing an improvement in both evaluation metrics.

Globalisation has developed the requirement for superiors to manage worldwide organisations across cultures successfully. Comprehending and setting up proper organisational cultures for corporations are urgent tasks for international leaders and managers. This research attempts to explore the organisational culture in Vietnam and China in terms of task and relationship orientations. Since the total sample of 498 respondents including 276 respondents from Vietnam and 222 respondents from China, it confirms that Vietnamese respondents are more task-oriented and relationship-oriented than Chinese respondents. Gender and age are not a factor in either the relationship-oriented or task-oriented styles of both respondents. Practical implications, limitations and recommendations for further studies are included in this study.

In many countries, water distribution systems consist of large, highly pressurized pipe networks that require an excessive amount of energy and that are vulnerable to large-scale contamination. To imagine the future of water distribution, we can learn from Hanoi, Vietnam, where water is distributed at low pressures and most buildings are equipped with a basement tank, a rooftop tank, and separate water treatment processes, resulting in a system that consumes less energy and that is more resilient.

Introduction: Pre-hospital capabilities are minimally developed in Vietnam; therefore, the prognosis of OHCA might differ from that of other countries. The aim of this study was to investigate survival rate from OHCA and potential determinants of the chain of survival following an OHCA in a developing country. Hypothesis: Understanding the country-specific etiologies and the disease risk and prognosis of OHCA are crucial for reducing mortality in Vietnam, as well as in other countries that face challenges in clinical practice owing to limited medical resources. Methods: This is a multi-center prospective observational study of OHCA patients (age>18 years) presenting to the ED of three tertiary hospitals from February 2014 to December 2018. Factors associated with survival following OHCA were collected and compared among types of pre-hospital care transportation and between survival and non-survival to admission. Factors for survival to admission were assessed using logistic regression analysis. Results: Among 590 OHCA patients (male, 74.6%; age, 56.1±17.2 years), we observed low rates of survival to admission (24.2%) and discharge (14.1%). Of total patients, 67.8% occurred at home, 79.4% witnessed by bystanders, 124/555 (22.3%) received bystander CPR, a minority of patients (8.64%) was conveyed by EMS, and 49/152 (32.2%) received pre-hospital defibrillation. Multivariate analysis revealed that past medical history (PMH) of respiratory disease (OR, 3.128; 95% CI, 1.197-8.173), pre-hospital defibrillation (OR, 3.904; 95% CI, 1.540-9.898), pre-hospital advanced airway (OR, 3.441; 95% CI, 1.203-9.844) and ROSC at ED (OR, 2.891; 95% CI, 1.030-8.115) were independent factors for survival to admission. Following OHCA with cardiac etiology, EMS use (OR, 0.203; 95% CI, 0.044-0.935) was also an independent factor for survival to admission. Conclusions: This was a highly selected cohort of OHCA patients presenting to the ED. Many OHCA victims in Vietnam do not come to the ED. PMH of respiratory disease, pre-hospital defibrillation and advanced airway, and ROSC at ED were independent factors predicting survival to admission. EMS use was also an inverse and independent predictor of survival to admission among patients following OHCA with cardiac etiology.

To investigate factors associated with survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Viet Nam.We did a multicentre prospective observational study of people ( 18 years) presenting with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (not caused by trauma) to three tertiary hospitals in Viet Nam from February 2014 to December 2018. We collected data on characteristics, management and outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and compared these data by type of transportation to hospital and survival to hospital admission. We assessed factors associated with survival to admission to and discharge from hospital using logistic regression analysis.Of 590 eligible people with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 440 (74.6%) were male and the mean age was 56.1 years (standard deviation: 17.2). Only 24.2% (143/590) of these people survived to hospital admission and 14.1% (83/590) survived to hospital discharge. Most cardiac arrests (67.8%; 400/590) occurred at home, 79.4% (444/559) were witnessed by bystanders and 22.3% (124/555) were given cardiopulmonary resuscitation by a bystander. Only 8.6% (51/590) of the people were taken to hospital by the emergency medical services and 32.2% (49/152) received pre-hospital defibrillation. Pre-hospital defibrillation (odds ratio, OR: 3.90; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.54-9.90) and return of spontaneous circulation in the emergency department (OR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.03-8.12) were associated with survival to hospital admission. Hypothermia therapy during post-resuscitation care was associated with survival to discharge (OR: 5.44; 95% CI: 2.33-12.74).Improvements are needed in the emergency medical services in Viet Nam such as increasing bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and public access defibrillation, and improving ambulance and post-resuscitation care.Examiner les facteurs associés à la survie après un arrêt cardiaque hors hôpital au Viet Nam.Nous avons mené une étude d'observation prospective multicentrique sur des personnes ( 18 ans) ayant subi un arrêt cardiaque hors hôpital (non traumatique) et admis dans trois hôpitaux tertiaires au Viet Nam entre février 2014 et décembre 2018. Nous avons récolté des données sur les caractéristiques, la gestion et l'issue de ces patients, puis les avons comparés en fonction du moyen de transport vers l'hôpital et de la survie après leur admission. Enfin, nous avons mesuré des facteurs associés à la survie lors de l'admission et de la sortie de l'établissement à l'aide d'une analyse de régression logistique.Sur les 590 patients éligibles ayant subi un arrêt cardiaque hors hôpital, 440 (74,6%) étaient des hommes et l'âge moyen s'élevait à 56,1 ans (écart type: 17.2). Seulement 24,2% (143/590) d'entre eux ont survécu à leur admission à l'hôpital, et 14,1% (83/590) à leur sortie. La plupart des arrêts cardiaques (67,8%; 400/590) ont eu lieu à domicile, 79,4% (444/559) se sont déroulés en présence de passants et 22,3% (124/555) ont fait l'objet d'une réanimation cardiopulmonaire pratiquée par un témoin. À peine 8,6% (51/590) des patients ont été emmenés à l'hôpital par les services médicaux d'urgence, et 32,2% (49/152) ont reçu une défibrillation avant d'arriver à l'hôpital. La défibrillation préhospitalière (odds ratio, OR: 3,90; intervalle de confiance de 95%, IC: 1,54–9,90) et le rétablissement d'une circulation spontanée aux urgences (OR: 2,89; IC de 95%: 1,03–8,12) allaient de pair avec la survie après admission. L'hypothermie thérapeutique administrée durant les soins post-réanimation était liée à un meilleur taux de survie au moment de la sortie (OR: 5,44; IC de 95%: 2,33-12,74).Des aménagements sont requis en matière de services médicaux d'urgence au Viet Nam, notamment pour encourager la pratique de la réanimation cardiopulmonaire auprès de la population, garantir l'accès à des défibrillateurs publics, mais aussi améliorer les soins en ambulance et en post-réanimation.Investigar los factores relacionados con la supervivencia después de un paro cardíaco extrahospitalario en Vietnam.Se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo multicéntrico de personas (18 años) que sufrieron un paro cardíaco extrahospitalario (no causado por traumatismo) en tres hospitales terciarios de Vietnam entre febrero de 2014 y diciembre de 2018. Se recopilaron los datos sobre las características, el tratamiento y los resultados de los pacientes con paro cardíaco extrahospitalario y se compararon según el tipo de transporte hasta el hospital y la supervivencia hasta el ingreso en el hospital. Se evaluaron los factores de supervivencia hasta el ingreso y el alta hospitalaria mediante un análisis de regresión logística.De las 590 personas que cumplían los requisitos y sufrieron un paro cardíaco extrahospitalario, 440 (74,6 %) eran hombres, cuya edad media era de 56,1 años (desviación estándar: 17,2). Solo el 24,2 % (143/590) de estas personas sobrevivieron al ingreso en el hospital y el 14,1 % (83/590) sobrevivieron al alta hospitalaria. La mayoría de los paros cardíacos (67,8 %; 400/590) ocurrieron en el hogar, el 79,4 % (444/559) fueron presenciados por transeúntes y el 22,3 % (124/555) recibieron reanimación cardiopulmonar por un transeúnte. Solo el 8,6 % (51/590) de las personas fueron trasladadas al hospital por los servicios médicos de emergencia y el 32,2 % (49/152) recibieron desfibrilación prehospitalaria. La desfibrilación prehospitalaria (oportunidad relativa, OR: 3,90; intervalo de confianza del 95 %, IC: 1,54-9,90) y la recuperación de la circulación espontánea en el servicio de urgencias (OR: 2,89; IC del 95 %: 1,03-8,12) se asociaron a la supervivencia hasta el ingreso hospitalario. La hipotermia terapéutica durante la atención posterior a la reanimación se asoció a la supervivencia hasta el alta (OR: 5,44; IC del 95 %: 2,33-12,74).Se necesitan mejoras en los servicios médicos de emergencia de Vietnam, como el aumento de las intervenciones de reanimación cardiopulmonar para transeúntes y de desfibrilación de acceso público, así como el mejoramiento de la atención en las ambulancias y de los cuidados posteriores a la reanimación.الغرض تقصي العوامل المرتبطة بالبقاء على قيد الحياة بعد السكتة القلبية خارج المستشفى في فييت نام. الطريقة قمنا بإجراء دراسة مستقبلية قائمة على الملاحظة متعددة المراكز للأشخاص (الأكبر من 18 عامًا) الذين يعانون من سكتة قلبية خارج المستشفى (ليس بسبب إصابة في الحوادث) في ثلاثة مستشفيات من الدرجة الثالثة في فيتنام، من فبراير/شباط 2014 إلى ديسمبر/كانون أول 2018. قمنا بجمع بيانات عن الخصائص، والإدارة، ونتائج المرضى الذين يعانون من السكتة القلبية خارج المستشفى، ومقارنة هذه البيانات حسب نوع النقل إلى المستشفى والبقاء على قيد الحياة حتى الدخول إلى المستشفى. قمنا بتقييم العوامل المرتبطة بالبقاء على قيد الحياة حتى الدخول إلى المستشفى والخروج منها باستخدام تحليل التحوّف اللوجيستي. النتائج من بين 590 شخصًا مؤهلاً مصابًا بالسكتة القلبية خارج المستشفى، كان 440 (74.6%) منهم من الذكور، وكان متوسط ​​العمر 56.1 عامًا (الانحراف المعياري: 17.2). استمر 24.2% فقط (143/590) من هؤلاء الأشخاص على قيد الحياة حتى الدخول إلى المستشفى، واستمر 14.1% (83/590) على قيد الحياة حتى الخروج من المستشفى. حدثت معظم حالات السكتة القلبية (67.8%؛ 400/590) في المنزل، وحدثت 79.4% (444/559) من الحالات أمام المارة في الشارع، وحصل 22.3% (124/555) من الحالات على الإنعاش القلبي الرئوي من أحد المارة. تم نقل 8.6% فقط (51/590) من الأشخاص إلى المستشفى بواسطة خدمات الطوارئ الطبية، وحصل 32.2% (49/152) على عملية إزالة الرجفان قبل دخول المستشفى. عملية إزالة الرجفان قبل دخول المستشفى (نسبة الاحتمالات: 3.90؛ فاصل الثقة 95%: 1.54 إلى 9.90) وعودة الدورة الدموية التلقائية في قسم الطوارئ (نسبة الاحتمالات: 2.89؛ فاصل الثقة 95%: 1.03 إلى 8.12) ارتبطت بالبقاء على قيد الحياة حتى دخول المستشفى. ارتبط علاج انخفاض حرارة الجسم أثناء الرعاية اللاحقة للإنعاش بالبقاء على قيد الحياة حتى الخروج من المستشفى (نسبة الأرجحية: 5.44؛ فاصل الثقة 95%: 2.33 إلى 12.74). الاستنتاج هناك حاجة إلى تحسينات في الخدمات الطبية الطارئة في فييت نام، مثل زيادة عمليات الإنعاش القلبي الرئوي من جانب المارة، وإمكانية حصول العامة على عملية إزالة الرجفان، وتحسين خدمات الإسعاف والرعاية بعد الإنعاش.研究越南院外心脏骤停存活率的相关因素。.我们针对越南三家三级医院在 2014 年 2 月至 2018 年 12 月期间接收的院外心脏骤停（非创伤引起）患者（18 岁）进行了跨中心前瞻性观察研究。我们收集了与院外心脏骤停患者的特征、诊治情况以及疗效相关的数据，并根据送至医院时采用的交通方式以及存活入院率对这些数据进行了比较。我们使用逻辑回归分析方法评估与存活入院率和存活出院率相关的因素。.590 名参加调查的院外心脏骤停患者中，440 名 (74.6%) 为男性，平均年龄为 56.1 岁（标准偏差：17.2）。这些人中仅 24.2% (143/590) 存活入院，14.1% (83/590) 存活出院。心脏骤停多发生于家中 (67.8%; 400/590)，其中有旁观者目击的情况占 79.4％ (444/559)，旁观者介入实施心肺复苏术的情况占 22.3％ (124/555)。其中仅 8.6% (51/590) 通过紧急医疗服务送至医院，32.2% (49/152) 接受了院前除颤。院前除颤（优势比，OR：3.90；95% 置信区间，CI：1.54–9.90）和急诊室自主循环恢复 (OR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.03–8.12) 与存活入院率有关。复苏后护理期间的低温疗法与存活出院率相关 (OR: 5.44; 95% CI: 2.33-12.74）。.越南需要提升紧急医疗服务，如增加旁观者介入实施心肺复苏术的比例、普及公众除颤以及改善救护车和复苏后护理服务。.Изучить факторы, связанные с выживанием после внебольничной остановки сердца во Вьетнаме.Авторы провели многоцентровое проспективное обсервационное исследование среди пациентов (старше 18 лет), поступивших с внебольничной остановкой сердца (не связанной с травмой) в три специализированные больницы во Вьетнаме с февраля 2014 г. по декабрь 2018 г. Были собраны данные о характеристиках и результатах лечения пациентов с внебольничной остановкой сердца, которые затем сравнивались по видам транспортировки в больницу и показателям выживаемости до момента госпитализации. Авторы оценили факторы, связанные с выживаемостью при поступлении в больницу и выписке из нее, используя анализ на основании модели логистической регрессии.Из 590 человек с внебольничной остановкой сердца, отвечающих установленным критериям, было 440 (74,6%) мужчин, средний возраст которых составлял 56,1 года (стандартное отклонение: 17,2). Лишь 24,2% (143/590) из указанных пациентов выжили до поступления в больницу, а 14,1% (83/590) выжили до выписки из больницы. Большинство сердечных приступов (67,8%; 400/590) произошли дома, 79,4% (444/559) произошли на глазах у других людей, а 22,3% (124/555) пострадавших была проведена сердечно-легочная реанимация свидетелями происшествия. Только 8,6% (51/590) человек были доставлены в больницу службами скорой медицинской помощи, а 32,2% (49/152) была проведена догоспитальная дефибрилляция. Догоспитальная дефибрилляция (отношение шансов, ОШ: 3,90; 95%-й доверительный интервал, ДИ: 1,54–9,90) и спонтанное восстановление кровообращения в отделении скорой помощи (ОШ: 2,89; 95%-й ДИ: 1,03–8,12) ассоциировались с выживаемостью до госпитализации. Лечение с применением искусственного понижения температуры тела в постреанимационный период ассоциируется с выживанием после выписки (ОШ: 5,44; 95%-й ДИ: 2,33–12,74).Необходимо совершенствовать работу служб неотложной медицинской помощи во Вьетнаме, в частности повысить вероятность оказания сердечно-легочной реанимации свидетелями происшествия и обеспечить общедоступность дефибрилляторов, а также совершенствовать работу машин скорой помощи и лечение в постреанимационный период.

In January 2020, we identified two SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in a familial cluster with one person coming from Wuhan, China. The complete genome sequences of two SARS‐CoV‐2 strains isolated from these patients were identical and 99.98% similar to strains isolated in Wuhan. This is genetically suggestive of human‐to‐human transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 and indicates Wuhan as the most plausible origin of the early outbreak in Vietnam. The younger patient with a mild upper respiratory illness and a brief viral shedding, while the elderly with multi‐morbidity had pneumonia, prolonged viral shedding, and residual lung damage. Evidence of nonsynonymous substitutions in the ORF1ab region of the viral sequence warrants further studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Evaporation of liquid is important in a diverse range of engineering applications, such as ink-jet printing, pesticide spraying, micro- and nanofabrication, thin-film coatings, biochemical assays, deposition of DNA/RNA microarrays, the manufacture of novel optical and electronic materials, and cooling microelectronics and power electronic devices. In particular, evaporation at the microscale has attracted increasing interest as an effective cooling strategy for overcoming the thermal challenges in high heat flux microelectronics devices. A large number of studies have demonstrated the prospect of evaporative heat transfer methods to tackle die-level hotspots reaching 1 kW/cm 2 on each high-power tier in a 3D microelectronics device. Furthermore, evaporation at the microscale (thin-film evaporation) can achieve higher heat removal than evaporation at macroscale. However, evaporation is a complicated process involving several physical transport phenomena, and their dominance can vary with variations in device dimensions and other system parameters. This article reviews the literature on the factors affecting microscale evaporation, which include the properties and temperature of the solid substrate, vapor transport in the gas domain, microconvection, and engineered surface features. Techniques to enhance evaporative heat transfer are highlighted. Extending the contact line region effectively enhances evaporative heat transfer, and this technique is employed in surface coatings or micro- and nanostructures, wicking structures, and micro- and nanoporous membranes. The evaporation rate can also be enhanced by manipulating the meniscus shape to provide an energy barrier at sharp edges of micro- and nanostructures. This review also summarizes the theoretical models for estimating evaporation rates, then discusses the physical transport processes associated with evaporation and their corresponding thermal resistances. Because non-invasive, high resolution temperature measurement and visualization are critical for implementing evaporative cooling in high heat flux applications, state-of-art techniques are also discussed. Laser-induced fluorescence techniques are judged the most advanced for temperature measurement, and particle image velocimetry (PIV) is the most advanced means of flow field visualization. This review identifies the most promising evaporative cooling techniques for next generation of ultra-high heat flux microelectronics applications. It also compares the performance of these cooling technologies in a regime plot, providing useful information for designing effective cooling solutions. We end by summarizing the current challenges and discussing the outlook for evaporative cooling technologies, then consider future research needs.

BACKGROUND Little is known about whether there are differences in medication use between older patients of Chinese descent, those of South Asian descent and other Canadian patients after acute ischemic or primary intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke. The aim of this population-based study was to evaluate potential ethnic differences in secondary prevention pharmacotherapy after acute stroke. METHODS Using health administrative data, we conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients aged 66 years or more admitted to hospital with acute stroke in Ontario (1997-2011) and British Columbia (1997-2009). We compared prescriptions filled for statins, warfarin, any antihypertensive agent, the recommended combination of angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and diuretic, and the combination of ACE inhibitor, diuretic and statin within 1 year after ischemic or primary intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke. RESULTS There were 118 362 patients with acute stroke (3430 Chinese, 2075 South Asian and 112 857 other Canadians). Among those with ischemic stroke (n = 108 699), Chinese patients were less likely than other Canadian patients to fill prescriptions for the combination of ACE inhibitor, diuretic and statin (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.64 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55-0.74]) and, in those with atrial fibrillation, for warfarin (adjusted OR 0.75 [95% CI 0.59-0.95]). There were no differences in filling of prescriptions for antihypertensive therapy overall between the 3 groups. Among patients with intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke (n = 9663), Chinese patients were less likely than other Canadian patients to fill prescriptions for the combination of ACE inhibitor and diuretic (adjusted OR 0.51 [95% CI 0.38-0.69]), and South Asians were more likely than other Canadian patients to fill prescriptions for any antihypertensive agent (adjusted OR 1.73 [95% CI 1.21-2.49]). INTERPRETATION We identified ethnic differences in filling of prescriptions for several secondary prevention medications after acute stroke. The reasons underlying these differences need to be investigated.

Objective: To report an episode of severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patient with insulin allergy treated by continuous intravenous (IV) regular insulin infusion. Methods: We describe the clinical features, laboratory data, and management of severe DKA in a type 2 DM patient with insulin allergy. Results: A 58-year-old man with type 2 DM initiated subcutaneous insulin administration (SIA) after failure of oral antidiabetic therapies. Symptoms of an allergic reaction then developed, especially distinct at the injection site. Pruritic wheals appeared within 10 minutes of injection and lasted over 24 hours. Both skin prick and intradermal tests were positive with different types of insulin. Two days before admission, he stopped SIA because of allergic symptoms, and then experienced weakness and upper abdominal pain. On admission, his heart rate was 130 beats/min, temperature 37°C, blood pressure 150/90 mmHg, and respiratory rate 28 breaths/min. Blood glucose level was 374.6 mg/dL, pH 6.984, bicarbonate 2.5 mmol/L, lactate 1.5 mmol/L, BUN 24.1 mg/dL, creatinine 1.46 mg/dL, and urinary ketone was 66.48 mg/dL. Over 24 hours, the metabolic acidosis was refractory to IV fluids, bicarbonate and potassium replacement, as well as hemodialysis. Ultimately, he received continuous IV regular insulin infusion at an initial rate of 0.1 units/kg/hour, no further allergic reactions were observed. On the day 5, ketonemia and metabolic acidosis completely resolved. He had transition from IV insulin infusion to SIA on day 14. He was discharged on the day 21 with the treatment of SIA. Three months later, he had a good glycemic control, but has still appeared allergic symptoms at the injection sites of insulin. Conclusion: In this patient, SIA caused an allergic reaction in contrast to continuous IV insulin infusion, for which allergic symptoms did not appear. Thus, identical insulin molecules could behave in markedly different ways depending on the route of injection. Disclosure A.D. Nguyen: None. C.Q. Luong: None. H.C. Chu: None. V.K. Nguyen: None. C.V. Nguyen: None. T.A. Nguyen: None. Q.H. Nguyen: None. T.D. Mai: None. D.V. Nguyen: None. B.Q. Nguyen: None. T.H. Tran: None. N.N. Nguyen: None. S.N. Do: None.

Background: Although allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) offers the possibility of cure for hematological malignancies, various complications have been described. Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) has been previously observed in HSCT patients. CLS is a rare disease characterized by recurrent episodes of generalized edema and severe hypotension along with hypoproteinemia.Case Report: A 27-year-old Chinese man, diagnosed with refractory acute myeloid leukemia, was treated with a haploidentical stem cell transplant combined with an unrelated umbilical cord blood unit. The patient developed fatal CLS during the 9th day of the conditioning therapy. Conclusion: Since it is difficult to distinguish between CLS and other early complications during allo-HSCT, our report highlights the need for rigorous investigation of identifying CLS and the increasing need of insightful diagnosis to manage any incidence of CLS.

In this paper, we introduce an approach for robot head mechanism using a parallel mini-manipulator model to establish a highly efficient multiple angle view functionality for robot vision systems. In order to demonstrate the abilities of the structure, we implement the well-known Eigenfaces and Haarcascade algorithms for real-time tracking, localizing, and recognizing problems on human-robot interaction (e.g grasping and manipulation in autonomous robots). The advantages of these algorithms are the guaranty of high-speed face detection with also high accuracy, which proposed to be robust and efficient. The system could be integrated into Robot Operating System (ROS) so that we can control many kinds of peripherals signal more effectively. Furthermore, ROS provides our system with scalability for further development more effectively.

Despite being crippled by a mandatory challenge, called “sematic gap,” content-based information retrieval is still on the way of blooming. Its application can be seen across different domains, from several daily Google image-searches to an intense sport shot retrieval. Nonetheless, semantic agricultural information retrieval has been averted from the eyes of computer scientists. Meanwhile, farmer in the rural areas are suffering from the lack of information and guidance, resulting in poverty and low life-quality. Stemming from an agricultural country, it is our mission to put efforts on the field. There are two contributions in this work: (1) building a Vietnamese agricultural thesaurus, and (2) an agricultural multimedia retrieval system; putting together as an info service for farming guidance. We spring our thesaurus in 2 sub-boughs: the aquaculture ontology consists of 3455 concepts and 5396 terms, with 28 relationships, covering about 2200 fish species and their related terms; and the plant production ontology comprises of 3437 concepts and 6874 terms, with 5 relationships, covering farming, plant production, pests, etc. These ontologies serve as a global linkage between keywords, visual, and spoken features, as well as providing reinforcement for the system performances. On the other hand, constructing a semantic multimedia retrieval engine is a bit trickier. Automatic transcriptions of audio channels are marked as the anchor points for the collection of visual features. These features, in turn, got clustered based on the referenced thesauri, and ultimately tracking out missing info induced by the speech recognizer’s word error rates. This compensation technique bought us back 16.2 % of loss recall and an increase of 9.4 % accuracy over the baseline system.

Advances in modern computing technology have enabled a wide variety of applications in many areas. Realizing that mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets are great learning platforms for educating young children, the authors create an interactive system that helps young kids learn new concepts via videos. By allowing kids to choose objects in the video that they are watching, the system provides relevant information about those objects. It has the effect of enhancing young kids’ understanding about new concepts in the video. The system employs Cross-based Local Multipoint Filtering (CLMF) for object selection and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for recognition. Experimental results show that our system has achieved 95 % recognition accuracy.

Intensive Pangasius aquaculture in Vietnam has attracted concerns about the sustainability of its resource use. However, the assessment of the latter, using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), is a time-consuming and complex task. To establish a simplified approach, especially relevant for certification incentives, as an alternative to a full LCA, we first highlight key parameters in resource use of the system to provide a better understanding of the variability in LCA results, and second present inferred equations that allow for an easy estimation of the resource footprint using some of these key parameters. A representative sample of 10 certified (i.e., ASC and GLOBALG.A.P.) and 10 non-certified intensive Pangasius farms in the Mekong Delta was investigated. Detailed LCA results, resulting in resource consumption in terms of the Cumulative Exergy Extraction from Natural Environment (CEENE), showed that pond water renewal and feed production, particularly agriculture-based feed ingredients, were the hotspots. Inferred equations, in fact linear regression models, were successfully set up and have proven to be useful to estimate the resource footprint of Pangasius feeds and aquaculture using parameters identified as the resource use hotspots. The CEENE over the cradle to feed mill gate per tonne feed could be predicted from the mass share of agriculture-based ingredients (R 2 ≥ 0.90, n = 12 feeds). The CEENE over the cradle to farm gate per tonne Pangasius fish in the certified farms and/or non-certified farms can be explained by the amount of water and feed inputs (R 2 ≥ 0.98, n = 20 farms), which highlights the relevance of managing these resources in intensive Pangasius farming, and subsequent equations were also set up.

BACKGROUND/AIMS There are increasing evidences for gastrointestinal motility disorder (GIMD) and gastric stress ulcer induced by noise stress. The present study was to investigate the reversed effect of melatonin on GIMD and gastric stress ulcer induced by noise stress and potential mechanism. METHODS Noise stress was induced on rats, and melatonin (15 mg/kg) was administered to rats by intraperitoneal injection. Differences were assessed in gastric residual rate (GRR), small intestine propulsion rate (SPR), Guth injury score, cortisol, gastrointestinal hormones (calcitonin-gene-related peptide and motilin) and oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase and malondialde hyde) in blood plasma as well as gastric mucosa homogenate with or without melatonin. The pathological examination of gastric mucosa was also performed. RESULTS The GRR and SPR were improved by noise stress compared with control (P < 0.05). The pathological examination and Guth injury score revealed gastric stress ulcer. Moreover, the levels of cortisol, motilin and malondialdehyde in blood plasma and ma-londialdehyde in gastric mucosa homogenate were increased by noise stress (P < 0.05). CGRP and superoxide dismutase activ-ity in both of blood plasma and gastric mucosa homogenate were significantly decreased (P< 0.05). Furthermore, melatonin reversed changes in GRR, SPR, pathological examination, Guth injury score, cortisol, motilin, CGRP, superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Melatonin is effective in reversing the GIMD and gastric stress ulcer induced by noise stress. The underlying mechanism may be involved in oxidative stress and gastrointestinal hormones.

Background and purpose— Statins can effectively attenuate focal cerebral ischemic injury. However, the role of statins in modulating permeability of endothelial barrier in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) and the impact of statins withdrawal on endothelial barrier during the acute phase of IR are unclear. Methods— Focal cerebral ischemia (2 hours) was created in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (240 to 270 g) by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using a suture. Rats were randomly treated with vehicle, atorvastatin daily for 7 days before MCAO (pretreatment), 3 days after MCAO (post operative treatment), or both 7 days before and 3 days after MCAO (continuous treatment). Brains were harvested at 24 and 72 hours after reperfusion for assays of brain edema (n=5), BBB leakage (n=5), calculations of occludin and claudin-5 positive vessels (n=5) and expression of occludin, claudin-5 and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-γ (n=5), respectively. Results— 24 hours after reperfusion, pretreatment with atorvastatin significantly reduced BBB leakage (7.55±0.63ng/g versus 9.38±0.77ng/g; P Conclusions— These results demonstrate that protective effects of atorvastatin against endothelial barrier breakdown may be related to the up-regulation of occludin and claudin-5 and down-regulation of PI3Kγ. However, there are no withdrawal effects of atorvastain on endothelial barrier during the acute phase of IR (72 hours).

Background. The potential role of finasteride in treating androgen related skin disorders was investigated. Methods. Pooled human dermal fibroblasts were used to assess the effect of finasteride on the 5α-reductase activity in skin tissue. Vmax and Km were estimated in the presence of 0, 10, and 200 nM finasteride. Results. Vmax values remain constant near 1.20 pmol/mg protein/h in the presence of increasing concentrations of finasteride; however, apparent Km increases from 0.27 nM at 0 nM finasteride to 0.31 nM and 0.44 nM at 10 nM and 200 nM finasteride, respectively. This suggests that ministered competes with testosterone and has a high affinity for same binding site of the 5α-reductase enzyme. Apparent Ki was estimated at 282 nM, indicating that a high concentration of finasteride is required to significantly suppress the enzyme activity. Conclusions. This study confirms that finasteride inhibits the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone in human reticular dermal fibroblasts. Finasteride may have therapeutic potential in treating skin disorders influenced by the action of dihydrotestosterone.

background . The biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of the skin enable it to be significantly stretched within a relatively short period of time. This property, called mechanical creep, is exploited in various surgical maneuvers for intraoperative closure of large surgical defects. The recently introduced Miami Suture Tension Adjustment Reel (S.T.A.R.) device permits both the precise sutured attachment of a linear cycled load to approximate the edges of widened surgical defects, and the easy measurement of wound edge tension across the defects. objective . It was our purpose to compare the relative effects of linear load cycling with the S.T.A.R. device, spherical load cycling with balloon expander, and surgical undermining on the closing tension of surgical defects. methods . Surgical wounds were created on the flanks of six pigs and these defects were closed by various methods of repair. The combination of undermining and the S.T.A.R. device was also evaluated. results . The average total decreases in skin closing tension were: undermining, 17.8 ± 0.5%; balloon, 28.5 ± 1.6%; S.T.A.R. device, 36.6 ± 4.8%. conclusions . Our data showed that all three techniques were effective in lowering the tension required to approximate surgically created defects, with the S.T.A.R. device proving to be most effective. Undermining and the S.T.A.R. device also worked synergistically to decrease skin-closing tension.

This paper presents a robust approach for the transcription of soccer video database. By exploiting audio channels in the video, spoken information is transcribed using a canonical speech recognition system. Since soccer videos vary in both speech quality and content, the transcription system is posed with three main problems: noisy data, foreign term interferences, and emotional variations in speech prosody. Three solutions are proposed to each of the problems respectively: a noise reduction scheme, a cross-lingual transliteration model, and an advanced acoustic modeling technique. Experimental evaluations of the proposed methods are conducted on the Vietnamese AFF Suzuki-cup database consisting of over 14-hour video. In the best case, system performance reaches 83.3% accuracy rate.

The inability to deal with words in foreign languages imposes difficulties to both Vietnamese speech recognition and text-to-speech systems. A common solution is to look up a dictionary, but the number of available entries is finite and therefore not flexible because speech recognition and text-to-speech systems are expected to handle arbitrary words. Alternatively, data-driven approaches can be employed to transliterate a foreign word into its Vietnamese pronunciation by learning samples and predicting unseen words. This paper presents a comparative analysis between two data-driven approaches based on statistical machine translation and joint-sequence model. Two systems based on these approaches are developed and tested using the same experimental protocol and a dataset consisting of 8050 English words. Results show that joint-sequence model outperforms statistical machine translation in English-to-Vietnamese transliteration.

In this paper, we present our experiments on the selection of basic phonetic units for the Vietnamese large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR). Two acoustic models were compared. The first model has just used vowels or monophthongs as phonemes [2] while the second one, which was proposed in this paper, has explored the use of diphthongs and triphthongs as phonemes as well. The two models were trained and evaluated on a Broadcast News corpus containing 27 hours of acoustic training data and 1 hour of acoustic testing data. Moreover, an 146M-word corpus collection of newspaper was employed for building the language models. Experimental results indicate significant improvements in both word accuracy rate and time-execution. With the second acoustic model, the word accuracy rates reach 86.06% on the best case and the execution time is faster than the real-time.

We present the design for a hexagonal cell made of quasi-periodic dendritic arranged collections of plasmonic metallic wires that may exhibit a resonant magnetic collective response. When such quasi-periodic dendritic cells are etched on a host medium, they may provide metamaterials with negative effective permeability. We also show that a clear point image is observed, as expected, with our left-handed metamaterials (LHMs) lens composed of metallic dendritic cells and wire strips. These prominent characteristics of quasi-periodic dendritic cells potentially enable us to prepare infrared or visible domain LHMs by using a general chemical method.

In this paper, we report on our research and progress in Vietnamese Broadcast News transcription, with an emphasis on efficient modeling for more accurate recognition. In the acoustic modeling area, this was achieved through a re-alignment process, which considers all pronunciations for each word and outputs the pronunciation that best matches the acoustic data. The effectiveness of acoustic adaptation is greatly increased through unsupervised clustering of test data. In language modeling, we explored the use of non-broadcast-news training data as well as the adaptation to topic. Experimental results showed significant improvements in which the achieved WAR measured on a 1h test set was 84.2%, which gained absolutely 5.4% improvement over the baseline result (Nguyen and Vu, 2006 and Huynh et al., 2005).

We describe the design of a high performance 2 bits per cell flash memory device capable of 8ns synchronous access rate capable of operation at up to 125MHz in burst mode and asynchronous page mode access rate of 14ns. The device is fabricated on Intel's 0.18/spl mu/m ETOX/spl trade/ VII Process technology.

Robotics is emerging as one of the most prominent research areas in the world and is recently attracting the Vietnamese research community. For the purpose of determining an entrance for a Vietnamese human interacting robotics system, this paper is aimed at proposing a service-oriented architecture for location assistance robotic systems made out of loosely-coupled and distributed web services. The proposed platform consists of two major components: a Speech Processing System (SPS) and a Service Manipulating System (SMS). This architecture allows our robot to meet three critical human interaction robotic systems requirements: flexibility, scalability and reliability.

background. Factors associated with the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the finger are verruca vulgaris, radiation exposure, burns, and arsenic ingestion, objectives. We wish to further document the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and roentgen exposure to squamous cell carcinoma of the finger. methods. A retrospective study of 32 cases of digital squamous cell carcinoma seen at UCLA Medical Center was performed. results. Ten patients (31%) had histories ofverrucae at the site of the carcinoma. Eight patients (25%) had histories of x-ray therapy to the hand. conclusion. Our study further supports the association of verruca vulgaris and radiation exposure in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the finger.

• Background.— Angiolymphoid hyperplasia (ALH) with eosinophilia is a benign rare tumor, characterized by marked proliferation of endothelial cells. The tumors are associated with extensive infiltrate of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and eosinophils, and occur on the head and neck of young adults. A variety of treatments have been attempted with frequent recurrences. We report two cases of ALH with eosinophilia that seemed to be dependent on sex hormones. Observation.— The first case is a patient with ALH that resolved after stopping treatment with birth control pills. Biopsy specimens of the tumor demonstrated increased level of estrogen and progesterone receptors compared with her normal skin. The second case is a patient with a previous lesion of ALH with eosinophilia, who during pregnancy had new lesions develop and whose primary lesion increased in size. All lesions decreased to half their original sizes after pregnancy. Conclusion.— Both of these cases suggest a role for hyperestrogen states with the presence of hormonal receptors. The response to sex hormones could contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease and may offer future alternative treatment modalities. (Arch Dermatol.1992;128:825-828)

In an ever increasingly competitive and unstable global market, multinational corporations (MNCs) are greatly pressurised to use inherent capacities and develop effective cross-border business models (CBMs) that can transform value into the desired outcome. Amid high uncertainties, MNCs are required to develop some critical capabilities to operate CBMs to the best of their ability. More specifically, it is vital for MNCs to have a unique capability that enables them to more effectively synergise with these commonly recognised capabilities (e.g., technological innovation capabilities (TIC) and marketing capability (MC) alongside the global value chain (GVC)) to sustain balance among and gain profits with stakeholders. From the literature review, we first identified value appropriation capability (VAC) as one of the most important capabilities and thereby developed three hypotheses. Based on the hypotheses, we investigated how VAC efficiently moderates MNCs’ capabilities to appositely operate CBMs. Then, empirical panel data between 2011 and 2019 in the Chinese manufacturing industry were used to examine the hypotheses. The results reveal that VAC, TIC and MC positively impact MNC performance. Moreover, VAC–TIC interaction significantly improves MNC performance, and VAC–MC interaction positively improves MNC performance. Our findings provide novel insights into the CBM literature by examining the importance of VAC for operating CBMs alongside its multifaceted effects on MNC performance, especially in times of uncertainty.