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A B S T R A C T Introduction: IPSS is the gold standard in measuring clinical symptoms of BPH. 1 Prostate volume has been said to have a close relationship with the development of BPH. 9 The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between prostate volume as measured by transabdominal ultrasonography (TAUS) and transrectal (TRUS) to the degree of IPSS. Methods: An analytic observational study with a cross sectional design was carried out on 303 BPH patients at the General Hospital of Kariadi Hospital, Semarang. The data obtained from the TAUS, TRUS and IPSS prostate volume were obtained from medical records for the period 2015 - 2020. The data were then analyzed by using the chi square test. Results: Patients with BPH have a TAUS prostate volume in classification I of 0 people 0%, classification II of 16 people (5.3%), classification III of 96 people (31.7%), classification IV of 102 people (33.7%) and classification V of 89 people (29.4%). While TRUS in classification I was 0% (0 people), classification II was 11 people (3.6%), classification III was 92 people (30.4%), classification IV was 110 people (36.3%) and classification V of 90 people (29.7%). IPSS obtained severe IPSS degrees, namely 192 people (63.4%), moderate degrees of 111 people (36.6%), and mild degrees 0% (0 people). The results of the Chi Square test obtained a p-value of 0.000 (p

Herein we report a framework nucleic acid programmed strategy to develop nanocarriers to precisely and independently package multiple homo- and heterogeneous cargos in vitro and in vivo, thereby enabling multiplexed analysis of aptamer-ligand complexes to distinguish normal people and patients with prostate enlargement via simple serum tests, as well as favorable imaging and discrimination of MCF-7, PC-3 and A549 cancer cells and normal QSG-7701 cells.

Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a pathological condition affecting older men. BPH complications often lead to deterioration in the quality of life. Serenoa repens (Saw Palmetto) is used for treating lower urinary tract infections in traditional medicine. Methods This study was performed to compare the efficacy of β-sitosterol enriched saw palmetto oil (VISPO) and conventional saw palmetto oil (SPO) extracted using supercritical fluid extraction, in alleviating the BPH complications using testosterone-induced BPH model rats. The animals received testosterone (5 mg/kg s.c.) with or without SPO and VISPO (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.) or Finasteride (1 mg/kg b.w.) p.o. for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, overnight fasted animals were euthanized, blood samples collected for serum analysis of testosterone. Prostate tissue histomorphology was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Western blot analysis was performed using prostate tissue homogenates. Results VISPO exhibited superior efficacy compared to SPO as evident from the significant decrease in prostate weight to body weight ratio, serum testosterone level and increase in growth inhibition of prostate tissue compared to BPH group (p Conclusion Our data provide experimental evidence that β-sitosterol enriched saw palmetto oil could be higher efficacious in treating the BPH complications compared to the conventional saw palmetto oil preparations.

Prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia are common genitourinary diseases in aging men. Both pathologies may coexist and share numerous similarities, which have suggested several connections or some interplay between them. However, solid evidence confirming their existence is lacking. Recent studies on extensive series of prostatectomy specimens have shown that tumors originating in larger prostates present favorable pathological features. Hence, large prostates may exert a protective effect against prostate cancer. In this work, we propose a mechanical explanation for this phenomenon. The mechanical stress fields that originate as tumors enlarge have been shown to slow down their dynamics. Benign prostatic hyperplasia contributes to these mechanical stress fields, hence further restraining prostate cancer growth. We derived a tissue-scale, patient-specific mechanically coupled mathematical model to qualitatively investigate the mechanical interaction of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. This model was calibrated by studying the deformation caused by each disease independently. Our simulations show that a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia creates mechanical stress fields in the prostate that impede prostatic tumor growth and limit its invasiveness. The technology presented herein may assist physicians in the clinical management of benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer by predicting pathological outcomes on a tissue-scale, patient-specific basis.

Objectives: To report our experience with the emerging technique of thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (ThuLEP) for the treatment for prostate hyperplasia. Patients and methods: Our inclusion criteria were an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of >15 and a quality-of-life (QoL) score of >3 in patients with confirmed bladder outflow obstruction, no longer responsive to medical therapy, with a significant post-void residual urine volume (PVR; >100 mL), with or without recurrent urinary tract infection and/or acute urinary retention. Patients with neurogenic bladder, urethral strictures, bladder stones, and previously failed transurethral prostate surgery were excluded. Results: In all, 139 men were included in the study. The mean age was 67.8 years. The IPSS and QoL score improved by 17.6 and 2.6, respectively. The flow rate increased from a mean of 9.6 mL to 31.2 mL and the PVR decreased from a mean of 131 mL to 30 mL. On univariate and multivariate analyses, operating time was a predictive factor for haemoglobin drop during the operation. Heparin prophylaxis was the only risk factor identified for postoperative bleeding. Two patients (0.01%) required blood transfusion. One patient (0.007%) required re-intervention for bleeding control, and two patients developed urethral and bladder neck strictures (0.01%). Conclusion: ThuLEP is safe and reproducible. Whilst it significantly reduces intraoperative bleeding as compared to transurethral resection of the prostate, operating time and perioperative heparin prophylaxis may still lead to a Hb drop and constitute a risk factor for postoperative bleeding. Therefore, a potential risk of deep vein thrombosis requiring heparin prophylaxis should be carefully considered and balanced with the expected clinical benefit of the operation. Keywords: Prostate enlargement, Thulium laser, Endoscopy, Treatment

Background: Prostate enlargement is defined as increase in size of prostate gland. The diseasemay bepresented clinically as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The disease is increasing with age. There aremany risk factors as age, genetic, geographical, obesity, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension.Subjects and Method: A descriptive study was conducted on patients with lower urinary tract symptomswho were attending Tikrit teaching hospital outpatient’s clinic during the period from 1st July -1stOctober2018. The demographic characterestics of patients were obtained according to a questionnaire andthe patients were examined clinically to determine if there was enlargement of prostate or not. The diagnoseswas confirmed by PR and ultrasound examination.Results: The frequency of among sample study was(83%). The cases were more prevalent among the followings:age group 60 years and more(94.3%), positivefamily history(89.7%),low physical activity (93.4%%) ,hypertensives (87.4%) and with those with erectiledysfunction (94.9%).

Previous data have shown that patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) could be refractory to the medical treatment. In this context, the evidence suggests a role for statin use in LUTS/BPE patients. The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of statins on the treatment of men with LUTS/BPE. This review has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019120729). A systematic review of English-language literature was performed up to January 2020 in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA statement) criteria. Retrieved studies had to include adults with LUTS connected to BPE treated with statins drugs for metabolic syndrome. After removing duplicates, a total of 381 studies were identified by the literature search and independently screened. Of these articles, 10 fit the inclusion criteria and were further assessed for eligibility. Data from our systematic review suggest that a long-term therapy with statins, at least 6 months, is required to achieve significant impacts on prostate tissue and LUTS. Moreover, besides statins’ direct activity, the risk reduction of LUTS might be connected to the improvement of hypercholesterolemia and MetS. The role of statins for the treatment of LUTS/BPE may be beneficial; however, evidence from robust studies is not enough, and more clinical trial are required.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:The evidence showing that the Prostatic Urethral Lift (PUL) delivers excellent results with low morbidity has been based on studies of men with lateral lobe enlargement ...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Clinical epidemiology suggests association of detrusor overactivity (DO) with bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) in men with prostate enlargement. Very sparse clinical re...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Men choose surgical treatment of BPH/LUTS for a variety of indications including bothersome symptoms, failure of medical treatment, urinary retention, and complications ...

Purpose These studies were undertaken to determine if fexapotide triflutate 2.5 mg transrectal injectable (FT) has significant long-term (LT) safety and efficacy for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods Two placebo controlled double-blind randomized parallel group trials with 995 BPH patients at 72 sites treated 3:2 FT:placebo, with open-label FT crossover (CO) re-injection in 2 trials n = 344 and long-term follow-up (LF) 2–6.75 years (mean 3.58 years, median 3.67 years; FT re-injection CO mean 4.27 years, median 4.42 years) were evaluated. 12 months post-treatment patients elected no further treatment, approved oral medications, FT, or interventional treatment. Primary endpoint variable was change in Symptom Score (IPSS) at 12 months and at LF. CO primary co-endpoints were 3-year incidence of (1) surgery for BPH in FT treated CO patients versus patients crossed over to oral BPH medications and (2) surgery or acute urinary retention in FT-treated CO placebo patients versus placebo patients crossed over to oral BPH medications. 28 CO secondary endpoints assessed surgical and symptomatic outcomes in FT reinjected patients versus conventional BPH medication CO and control subgroups at 2 and 3 years. Results FT injection had no significant safety differences from placebo. LF IPSS change from baseline was higher in FT treated patients compared to placebo (median FT group improvement − 5.2 versus placebo − 3.0, p

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between suprapubic ultrasonography (SPUS) and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in the measurements of prostate dimensions and volume. Materials and methods: A total of 90 patients presenting with prostate enlargement and lower urinary tract symptoms were enrolled. All SPUS and TRUS were performed by a single experienced urologist at the same clinic visit. We analyzed the correlations of prostate volume measured by SPUS and TRUS using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Data were further analyzed in the subgroups to determine the correlation between uroflowmetry, prostate volume, postvoid residue, and prostate specific antigen level and the presence of intravesical growth. Results: The mean prostate volume of the 90 patients measured by SPUS and TRUS were 65.8 ± 46.5 mL and 65.4 ± 43.9 mL, respectively (r = 0.944; p

Dear Editor,With the great interest in the recent-online article entitled “High serum concentration of estradiol may be a risk factor of prostate enlargement in aging male in China”, we found some ...

Background: Prostate enlargement encompasses a spectrum of disorders ranging from benign to malignant. For diagnostic prostatic biopsies no clear prostate specific antigen (PSA) threshold level exists. The study correlates PSA with various clinical data (age of patient, international prostate severity score (IPSS), digital rectal examination (DRE) finding), radiological data (prostate volume) and pathological data (Gleason grade, prostate cancer stage) to aid decision making on treatment of prostate enlargement.Methods: 101 men aged more than 50 years with fresh LUTS and grade 1 or more prostate enlargement on DRE were enrolled. They were worked up with transabdominal ultrasonography, serum PSA and prostate biopsy (when indicated). A descriptive statistical analysis was done for correlation by applying Pearson’s Chi square test for significance.Results: Mean serum PSA value was found to increase with age and higher IPSS score. Mean serum PSA levels were found to rise with grade of prostatomegaly. No significant correlation was seen between serum PSA values and Gleason grade or clinical stage of prostate cancer.Conclusions: Serum PSA levels has a significant correlation with age. With increasing age there is increase in serum PSA levels. Serum PSA levels has a significant correlation with International prostate symptom severity scoring. Serum PSA levels has a significant correlation with prostate size measured by trans-abdominal ultrasonography. Serum PSA levels does not show significant correlation with Gleason score or clinical stage of prostate cancer.

Objective: Assess the association between serum sex hormone level and prostate volume in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Material and methods: The study involved 239 BPH patients from J...

Prostate enlargement is the most quality of life-impacted problem in elderly. Proper diagnoses and prostate volume prediction are important in considering the best treatment. PSA is a glycoprotein specifically secreted by prostate glands and influenced by various condition, such as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). The aim of this study is to identify the correlation between PSA serum level and prostate mass volume. This was a descriptive study with cross-sectional design that conducted at Bhayangkara Hospital Mataram on April 2015. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and multiple regression logistic, to determine the relationship between PSA serum levels and prostate mass volume. The average PSA level was 34,62 ng/mL (1,82-30,70 ng/mL), and the average prostate mass volume were 72,57cc. There was correlation between PSA serum levels with prostate mass volume ( r = 0,384, p = 0,815). Conclusion, there is a relationship between PSA levels with prostate volume in BPH patients in Bhayangkara Mataram hospital.Keywords: Bhayangkara Hospital Mataram, BPH, prostate volume, PSA

Background: The prostate undergoes gradual growth throughout men’s lives, resulting in development of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). The aim of this review was to determine whether Thermobalancing could be used for conservative treatment of LUTS/BPH. Methods and Results: Men older than 55 with LUTS derived to BPH used Thermobalancing therapy enabled by therapeutic device as mono-therapy. The main group consisted of 124 patients with the prostate volume (PV) up to 60 ml, however, there were also men with the prostate volume (PV) over 60 ml that were studied separately. Before and after six months Thermobalancing the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) lessened (p

This chapter reviews the most relevant and up-to-date information on prostate artery embolization (PAE) for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Focus is given on current medical and surgical therapies for BPH, imaging evaluation of BPH, and pre-procedural patient evaluation. The PAE technique is fully described, reviewing the prostate artery anatomy relevant for embolization and some tips and tricks supported by illustrative figures. Finally we review the results of PAE based on the most recent publications and the posttreatment follow-up with imaging applications.

We provide cross-sectional normative data on [-2]proenzyme-prostate specific antigen from the Olmsted County Study of Urinary Symptoms and Health Status among Men, and the Flint Men's Health Study. We also describe associations with clinical urological measures and the risk of prostate cancer diagnosis.Measurements of [-2]proenzyme-prostate specific antigen were obtained from 420 white men from Olmsted County, Minnesota, and 328 black men from Genesee County, Michigan. Cross-sectional associations between [-2]proenzyme-prostate specific antigen and prostate enlargement/elevated prostate specific antigen were assessed. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess associations between [-2]proenzyme-prostate specific antigen and the incident diagnosis of prostate cancer.Baseline [-2]proenzyme-prostate specific antigen was slightly higher in black men at a median of 6.3 pg/ml (25th, 75th percentiles 4.1, 8.9) than in white men at a median of 5.6 pg/ml (25th, 75th percentiles 3.9, 7.7, respectively, p = 0.01). Baseline [-2]proenzyme-prostate specific antigen was highly predictive of biopsy confirmed prostate cancer in the Olmsted County Study cohort. Relative to men in the [-2]proenzyme-prostate specific antigen lower quartile those in the upper quartile were at almost eightfold increased risk for prostate cancer (HR 7.8, 95% CI 2.2-27.8) after adjusting for age and baseline prostate specific antigen.In these cohorts of community dwelling black and white men [-2]proenzyme-prostate specific antigen was much lower than in previous studies. These data suggest that [-2]proenzyme-prostate specific antigen may help identify prostate cancer in men with serum prostate specific antigen in an indeterminate range, although the reference ranges for white and black men may differ slightly.

Crataeva nurvala Buch. Ham. (Capparaceae) is a high-value medicinal tree that grows almost all over India, especially in the semiarid regions. Medicinal usage has been reported in traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda and Unani, wherein the plant is frequently preferred in the treatment of urinary disorders that reoccur owing to development of antibiotic resistance by the infecting organism. C. nurvala has also been used in the treatment of prostate enlargement and bladder sensitivity. The plant is known to relieve, prevent, and promote the discharge of kidney stones. Lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from the root bark, has been shown to significantly minimize the deposition of stone-forming constituents in kidneys. Investigations have also indicated the plant has anti-arthritic, hepatoprotective, and cardio-protective actions. These multiple uses of C. nurvala along with erratic seed germination, destructive harvesting, and habitat loss from deforestation have endangered sur...

Introduction: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common in men over 50 years of age due to prostate enlargement. Diabetes mellitus is also more prevalent in this group. LUTS may result from bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) secondary to prostate enlargement or bladder dysfunction secondary to diabetes or even from a combination of both. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of BOO and other urodynamic abnormalities in diabetic patients with LUTS and enlarged prostate. A secondary objective was to assess the predictive value of non-invasive tests for BOO diagnosis in this group of patients. Patients and Methods: 50 consecutive diabetic patients with enlarged prostate and LUTS were evaluated by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), ultrasonography and urodynamics. BOO diagnosis was based on pressure/flow measurements according to the International Continence Society’s standards. Results: Of the 50 patients in the study, 23 (46%) had BOO. There was no correlation between the IPSS, uroflowmetry, post-voiding residual urine or prostate volume and the presence of BOO (p > 0.05). Conclusions: There is a relatively low prevalence of BOO in diabetic patients with prostate enlargement and LUTS. Non-invasive tests did not allow the identification of these subjects. Only urodynamic evaluation is able to determine symptom etiology.

Background Often considered an inevitable part of male aging, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common non-life threatening disease to affect men in Western populations. We examine age-related change in prostate size and BPH risk and related serum biomarkers among the Tsimane Amerindians of the Bolivian Amazon who live a traditional lifestyle of hunting and small-scale horticulture. The Tsimane are a critical case study for understanding the etiology of BPH as they have low levels of obesity and metabolic syndrome, as well as lower levels of testosterone than age matched U.S. males, factors associated with BPH in previous research. Methods Ultrasounds were conducted on 348 men aged 28-89 years (median age 56 years). Testosterone, prostate specific antigen, sex hormone binding globulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin were examined in relationship to prostate size and BPH. Results Tsimane have less than half of the BPH prevalence experienced by U.S. men, and prostate volumes 62.6% smaller. While Tsimane have low levels of testosterone and subclinical levels of metabolic syndrome compared to U.S. men, Tsimane with high testosterone were more likely to experience BPH, as were those with higher glycosylated hemoglobin, suggesting targets for clinical interventions to reduce BPH. Conclusions These results have clinical significance for the growing number of men taking testosterone supplementation; even at low levels the additional testosterone exposure could be placing these men at higher risk of BPH. Overall, these data suggest that BPH may not have been an inevitable part of male aging throughout human evolutionary history.

Amaç: Alt üriner sistem semptomları ve prostat büyümesi ile otonomik sinir sistemi arasındaki ilişki değerlendirilmek. Gereç ve Yöntem: Alt üriner sistem semptomları olan 67 erkek (57.9±5.6) ve 22 sağlıklı erkek (59.1±5.3) çalışmaya alındı. Holter analizinde sempatik ve parasempatik aktiviteyi temsil eden parametreler gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı. Her iki grupta prostat hacmi ile otonom sinir sistemi arasındaki ilişki araştırıldı. Bulgular: Alt üriner sistem semptomları olanlarda sempatik sinir sistemi aktivitesinde artış tespit edildi. Ancak bu artış istatistiki anlamlı düzeye ulaşmadı. Her iki grubun prostat hacimleri benzer düzeydeydi. Prostat hacmi sadece alt üriner sistem semptomları olanlarda sempatik sinir sitemi aktivitesi ile ilişkili bulundu. Tartışma: Bilgimiz dahilinde prostat hacmi ile sempatik sinir sitemi arasındaki ilişkinin araştırıldığı çalışmalar prostat hacmi benzer kontrol grubundan yoksundur. Çalışmamızda prostat hacimleri benzer olan iki grup arasında sadece semptomatik grupta prostat hacmi ile sempatik sistem arasında anlamlı ilişki saptandı. Prostat büyümesinde rol alan sempatik sinir sistemi aynı zamanda bu büyümenin semptomatik olup olmayacağını da belirliyor olabilir. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between autonomic nervous system and LUTS, prostate enlargement. Material and Method: A total of 67 men with LUTS (57.9±5.6years) and 22 healthy men (59.1±5.3years) were enrolled in the study. Parameters of holter influenced by sympathetic and parasympathetic system were compared between patients and controls. Correlation analysis was also done between prostate volume and autonomic system in each group. Results: Parameters of heart rate variability representing sym- pathetic system were higher in patients with LUTS. However these differences didn’t reach statistical significance. Prostate volumes were similar in both groups. Prostate volume was significantly associated with sympathetic system activity in only patients with LUTS. Discussion: To our knowledge in the previous studies the correlation between prostate volume and sympathetic tone was only investigated in patients not in prostate volume matched controls. Although each group has similar prostate volumes, only patients’ prostate volumes were significantly correlated with sympathetic tone. The reason for the growth of the prostate may also determine whether the growth will be symptomatic or not.

The effect of the lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens (LSESR) on experimental prostate enlargement was investigated in three groups of rats: shams treated with LSESR (sham rats), castrated animals treated with estradiol and testosterone (castrated rats), castrated animals treated with estradiol/testosterone and treated with LSESR (castrated and treated rats). Following three months of continuous hormonal treatment, the weight of prostates in estradiol/testosterone-treated castrated rats was significantly increased in comparison with sham-operated rats. Such an increase started rapidly, reached a maximum by 30 days and remained at a plateau or slightly declined thereafter. The increase of prostate total weight induced by the hormone treatment was inhibited by administration of LSESR. Indeed, the weight was significantly lower at day 60 and day 90 for the dorsal and lateral regions of the prostate. The weight of the ventral region of the prostate was significantly lower after 30 and 60 days treatment with LSESR. These results demonstrate that administering LSESR to hormone-treated castrated rats inhibits the increase in prostate wet weight. This effect of LSESR may explain the beneficial effect of this extract in human benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Untreated symptomatic prostate enlargement can lead to renal failure, chronic infection and incontinence. Linda Nazarko explores the anatomy, physiology and treatment.

Commentary on : Welk B, McArthur E, Fraser LA, et al. The risk of fall and fracture with the initiation of a prostate-selective α antagonist: a population based cohort study. BMJ 2015;351:h5398.[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to prostate enlargement are almost ubiquitous among older men. α-Antagonists relax the smooth muscle of the prostate to help improve voiding. However, as α-antagonists are associated with the side effects of hypotension and dizziness due to their action on peripheral … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbmj.h5398%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F26502947%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=bmj&resid=351/oct26_3/h5398&atom=%2Febnurs%2F20%2F1%2F14.atom

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Clinicians from the Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA, have shown that holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is a safe and effective therapy for BPH, regardless of age. In a retrospective review of all patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) resulting from prostate enlargement who were treated with HoLEP at their clinic over a 4-year period, Chinedu and colleagues found that overall morbidity, hospital stay, and 1-year functional outcomes were similar for patients aged 50–59 years (n = 22), 60–69 years (n = 91), 70–79 years (n = 153), and ≥80 years (n = 45).

An emergence of interest in medical and surgical alternatives to the classic transurethral prostatectomy has occurred in the last decade. These treatments are aimed at the static and dynamic components of infravesical obstruction (Caine 1986). Transurethral prostatic resection eliminates static obstructing tissue and is a reliable and effective operation in most patients, especially those with larger glands. In men with minimal prostate enlargement or “primary bladder neck hyperplasia,” the dynamic neurologically mediated component is prominent, and these individuals may respond well to alternative therapies. One specific type of medical therapy involves α-adrenergic blocking agents. This chapter reviews the current status of another alternative, balloon dilatation of the prostate, which affects both the static and dynamic obstructive factors.

Purpose: The incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is increasing in Korea. However, there are few reports about the prevalence of BPH in elderly men in Korea. We report the prevalence of BPH in elderly men through a community-based study. Materials and Methods: We collected data from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging (KLoSHA), which was designed as a population-based, prospective study in populations aged>65 years living in Seongnam, Korea. We selected 301 male participants by random sampling. The selected participants were interviewed with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire and were evaluated by physical examination, blood tests, and transrectal ultrasound. The number of analyzed subjects was 236. The definition of BPH was a combination of moderate (8-19) to severe (>19) IPSS and prostate enlargement (>30 g on transrectal ultrasound). Results: The prevalence of BPH was 40% overall and 36% in men in their late 60s (65-69 years), 43% in men in their 70s (70-79 years), and 53% in men over 80 (≥80 years). BPH prevalence increased according to age but showed no statistically significant differences among the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: The overall prevalence of BPH in this study was 40%, which was higher than in other previous epidemiologic studies in Korea. This study suggests an increasing tendency of BPH prevalence in Korea. (Korean J Urol 2009;50:843-847) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏

Enterococcus hirae is a zoonotic pathogen rarely isolated from human infections. This case is the first description of E. hirae causing urinary tract infection in a diabetic man with benign prostatic hyperplasia from Algeria. The clinical isolate was identified by MALDI-TOF MS and displayed a multisensitivity antibiotic profile.