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PurposeThe spirits industry is a major economic contributor worldwide, often requiring years of maturation in barrels that is associated with significant release of ethanol into the surrounding environment. This provides carbon nutrition for colonisation of black fungal growths, one type being Baudoinia compniacensis, or Whisky Black. Although growth is localised in production areas, numerous sites exist globally, and this paper's purpose is to investigate the extent and implications of colonisation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents and discusses the results of a visual survey of the area surrounding a site where whisky is maturing in nearby bonded warehouses. The evaluation considers radial zoning distance from the ethanol source and material substrate types and surface textures. Classical key stages of Building Pathology, namely manifestation, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy, are considered.FindingsKey findings are that the colonisation of the fungus is non-uniform and dependent on the substrate building material. Additionally, rougher-textured building materials displayed heavier levels of fungal manifestation than smooth materials. Aspects such as distance, wind direction and moisture are considered relative to the extent and level of fungal growth.Originality/valueThis investigation provides the first assessment of the extent and nature of the fungal growth in properties built in surrounding areas to bonded warehouses. Such information can facilitate open dialogue between stakeholders that recognise the aspirations of values of corporate social responsibility, whilst balancing the economic importance of distilling with recognition of the fungus's impact on property values and appropriate recurring remedial treatments.

Wind energy development receives broad support but is often opposed at the local level due to nuisance concerns and uncertainties about how it affects the landowners living due to the turbines and the broader community. Local opposition to wind energy development can be a powerful force slowing or even ending its implementation in a given region. Oklahoma, USA is currently ranked as 4th in the United States in current wind energy production and has seen significant pushback from some local communities as a renewable energy resource. Previous studies have examined wind energy development's impact on rural education income, and property values of different communities in Oklahoma. However, funding information on how wind energy development affects the individuals living alongside the turbines are limited. Using fifteen interviews with landowners, site-managers, community representatives, and pro-wind non-profit organization representatives, this study finds that individuals who live in proximity to wind energy development, particularly those involved in the agricultural industry, have created novel and unique uses for wind farm infrastructure. It also finds that local perceptions of wind energy production are mostly positive and provides increased knowledge of how wind energy development affects the individuals and communities that are hosting the turbines and related infrastructure.

Purpose This study aims to measure the occurrence of gentrification and to relate gentrification with housing values. Design/methodology/approach The authors have used Getis-Ord statistics to identify and quantify gentrification in different residential areas in a case study of Stockholm, Sweden. Gentrification will be measured in two dimensions, namely, income and population. In step two, this measure is included in a traditional hedonic pricing model where the intention is to explain future housing prices. Findings The results indicate that the parameter estimate is statistically significant, suggesting that gentrification contributes to higher housing values in gentrified areas and near gentrified neighbourhoods. This latter possible spillover effect of house prices due to gentrification by income and population was similar in both the hedonic price and treatment effect models. According to the hedonic price model, proximity to the gentrified area increases housing value by around 6%–8%. The spillover effect on price distribution seems to be consistent and stable in gentrified areas. Originality/value A few studies estimate the effect of gentrification on property values. Those studies focussed on analysing the impacts of gentrification in higher rents and increasing house prices within the gentrifying areas, not gentrification on property prices in neighbouring areas. Hence, one of the paper’s contributions is to bridge the gap in previous studies by measuring gentrification’s impact on neighbouring housing prices.

The opening of a new metro station, as a mode of the transportation corridor, potentially could have different effects on housing prices. We have investigated its effect on the value of residential properties around those stations, using data from large expansions of the metro network in Tehran, Iran. In the period of our study (April 2010 to December 2018), forty-five metro stations were inaugurated in Tehran. We use a difference-in-difference regression method to identify the causal effect of interest, where adjacent properties are used as the treatment group and similar but distant properties as the control group. The results indicate that, on average, the adjacent properties are affected by a 3.7 percent increase in price relative to distant properties. We also extend our study by categorizing new metro stations according to the extent of ex-ante access to other modes of public transportation such as bus rapid transit (BRT). We find 2 to 11 percent positive effect of new metro stations in regions with lower public transport, while in regions with ex-ante extensive public transportation system, we find less than 2 percent positive effect.

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a major social concern. There is an extensive economic literature estimating the social costs associated with SUDs in terms of health care, labor market o...

The impact of large‐scale hog barns on residential property values is at the forefront of local concerns about livestock development. In this article, I examine the impact of hog barns on house prices in an intensive production region of Manitoba, Canada. Timing of barn establishment and precise locations of houses and barns are used to gain a better understanding of the dynamic impacts of hog barns on house prices. I find that houses within 2 km of a hog barn sell for 5.7% less than similar houses located a little farther away from a barn. Quasi‐myopic specifications indicate that house prices fall by 6.2% up to three years prior to barn establishment, consistent with market anticipation of the future location of hog barns. Accounting for anticipation increases the post‐establishment discount to 8%, suggesting that ignoring anticipation of new barn establishment biases estimated post‐establishment impacts downwards.

While there in general appears to be public support for shellfish aquaculture operations, the construction of oyster farms often meets opposition where an important argument is devaluation of housi...

This study aims to contribute a regional experience of establishing a credible estimation of the house price premium associated with solar photovoltaics (PV) and to reveal the change of the premium in response to the changing feed-in tariffs (FiTs). This paper used Python to crawl records of sold residential properties in Southport, Queensland from 2008 to 2018. An experimental group of 316 solar PV houses and a control group of 228 non-solar PV houses were extracted for analysis. Using the hedonic approach, the study found that the gross premium was 4.3% of the average house price; the average net premium (exclusive of the PV installation cost) was 21,403 AUD when the FiT was at 44 cents/kWh; when the FiT dropped to 8 cents/kWh, the gross premium fell to 2.4%, and the average net premium dropped to 5600 AUD. The study shows that a solar PV house does enjoy a premium in terms of property value and indicates that a higher solar rebate and subsidy leads to a higher premium. It is commendable to provide some financial incentives to keep the premium within a reasonable range to encourage solar PV adoption.

This article uses eviction data to test the transit-induced displacement hypothesis—that the placement of new transit stations will lead to elevated property values, gentrification, and displacemen...

This analysis uses data from a survey of shoreline property owners combined with data on shoreline modification permits to examine whether and how property owners modify their estuarine shorelines. We find that shoreline armoring is very popular among property owners that choose to modify their shoreline. While living shorelines are less common, applications for them are increasing both in absolute numbers and as a percentage of all shoreline modification requests. A number of different issues factor into the shoreline modification decision including effectiveness, cost, aesthetics, and property values. More valuable parcels are more likely to be modified, as are parcels that have been owned longer. Parcels with a high percentage of natural cover or agricultural use are less likely to be modified. Parcels with primary structures that are closer to the shoreline are more likely to have some sort of armoring. Regardless of their choice of shoreline modification, almost all survey respondents believe that their choices have had a neutral or positive impact on erosion and the health of the Chesapeake Bay.

The presence of Superfund sites can have substantial impacts on surrounding property values. A shortcoming of studies utilizing the traditional hedonic price model is that they fail to account for the presence of spatial dependence or autocorrelation in residential housing. Jefferson County, Kentucky is home to Louisville, the largest city in the state. Seven different Superfund sites are located within or just outside the county border. Community planners, appraisal professionals, or policy makers considering the use of a traditional hedonic pricing model will find inefficient estimates compared to a spatial error hedonic model. This study also considers two different phases of the cleanup process, suggesting that median housing value is lower for houses in close proximity to deleted Superfund sites, but is not significantly affected by sites classified as final. Another consideration is the implications of multiple Superfund sites located within five miles of the block group centroid. Findings indicate that multiple Superfund sites do not significantly impact housing values.

This paper studies the impact of urban public transport systems on real estate values, focusing on equality issues. It is known that, in addition to direct benefits, the construction of metro lines also produces indirect benefits, including changes in the value of buildings located near stations; these impacts are usually neglected in transport planning. In this paper, we propose a methodology to assess equality from this point of view and examine the case study of the city of Naples, highlighting how the current configuration of the railway network produces inequalities concerning impacts on property values. The proposed methodology, based on the Gini index, is then applied to two possible scenarios, related to the extension and improvement of the network.

This study examines the effects of regulations targeting Airbnb and other short-termrental (STR) suppliers in the urban center of New Orleans. I show that although the new ordinances reduced participation in the STR market as intended, STR usage actually increased in the neighborhoods adjacent to areas the most affected by the regulations.I subsequently show that the new regulations depressed property values in the neighborhoods facing the tightest regulations by approximately 30%, implying that homeowners factor into their housing purchasing decisions the option to participate in the STR market.

Assessing the value of property is important in the real estate activity. Important factor to assess the property value is the location of the property. In India, value of a property is mainly evaluated by the guideline value and the market value. This paper addresses the effect of different parameters that affect the market value in Madurai Corporation area. It also addresses the implementation of urban valuation on a Geographic Information System for better decision-making. The valuation of the land depends upon the popularity and also the facilities around in that area. The spatial data constitutes the location information of the assets and the attributes that contain the details of the assets. Quantum GIS software is used for the storage and analysis of the data. The effective use of GIS along with reliable data and predictive tools can provide a robust and near realistic solution in predicting real estate trends. It is found that, for land assets, the Geographic Information System approach is effective. In this paper, we have used the statistical methods in order to find the market value and modelled value using Voronoi Polygon Method.

We study the bargaining power of investors and the contagion effects of investor-owned single family homes on nearby property values. By controlling for the characteristics of both buyers and sellers, we find that investors tend to have more bargaining power than owner-occupiers — they purchase at lower prices and sell at higher prices, all else equal. We identify two types of investors: Professional Investors (e.g., corporations and partnerships) and Individual Investors. We find differences in the behavior of these two types of investors. For example, Individual Investors tend to invest in homes similar in terms of unobserved quality to those purchased by owner-occupiers. The tendency to buy lower quality homes is primarily attributable to Professional Investors. We also find that Professional Investors have more bargaining power than Individual Investors. For the contagion analysis, we use a repeat sales methodology and find that increasing ownership by investors in a neighborhood is associated with a small positive effect on nearby property values.

This paper examines the relationship between proximity to secondary schools and property values within three school enrollment zones in Auckland, New Zealand. Results indicate that, in the most sought-after school zone, house prices increase with proximity to school but decrease above 3.664 km. Moreover, we find that the nonlinear effects are most prominent at the lower quantile of the sales price distribution. In the other two school zones, proximity to school reduces house prices. These results demonstrate that distance to school still matters within each school enrollment zone.

PurposeContrary to the traditional technology project perspective, real estate investors see building-specific renewable energy (on-site energy) investments as part of the property and as something affecting the property’s ability to produce a (net) cash flow. This paper aims to show the value-influencing mechanism of on-site energy production from a professional property investors’ perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe value-influencing mechanism is presented with a case study of a prime logistics property located in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland. The case study results are compared with the results of a survey answered by over 70 property valuation professionals in the Finnish real estate market.FindingsCurrent valuation practice supports the presented value-creation mechanism based on the capitalisation of the savings generated by a building’s own energy production. Valuation professionals see benefits beyond decreased operating expenses such as enhanced image and better saleability. However, valuers acted more conservatively than expected when transferring these additional benefits to the cash flows of the case property.Practical implicationsBecause the savings in operating expenses can be capitalised into the property value, property investors should consider on-site energy production when the return of on-site energy exceeds the return of the property. This enhances the profitability of on-site energy, especially in urban areas with low initial yields.Originality/valueThis is the first research paper to open the value-influencing mechanism of on-site energy production from a professional property investors’ perspective in commercial properties and to confirm it from a market study.

Rail transit investment has been viewed as a prominent policy instrument for local and regional development. However, little is known about to what extent the theorised changes in land and housing ...

Community support for public transit could come more easily if transit systems demonstrate positive fiscal impacts beyond those achieved through fare box returns. Transit systems have the potential to generate additional public revenues through catalyzing development around transit stations, yielding increased property values and property taxes. This paper provides an assessment of the property value changes and development impacts that have occurred around the SunRail commuter rail system since the locations of the stations were announced in 2007. We estimate tax revenue impacts resulting from property value changes around each station. The findings show that tax revenue impacts have been highly variable across the system, with some stations having experienced modest to substantial value increases, while others have remained stagnant. However, SunRail stations generally outperformed their control areas that were identified as part of this study. SunRail investments appear to have catalyzed new development around stations and yielded measurable (re)development benefits in the form of property tax increases from new transit-oriented developments.

Heritage property value is an important economic indicator to a country. Thus, it is imperative that the value is derived from an accurate and reliable method of valuation. However, in Malaysia, there are no specific standards that can be referred to for conducting an assessment for heritage property valuation. Thus, this paper fills the gap by reviewing five provisions of the Malaysian laws and four provisions of the international laws that are related to heritage property valuation. Thematic analysis of the documents is undertaken by using five keywords that relate to heritage property valuation, namely: definition, factors, method, procedure and type of values. Out of nine legal documents analysed, Valuation of Specialised Public Service Assets has the most information needed as a guidance for heritage property valuation.

In many metropolitan regions, transit-oriented developments are built to motivate the use of sustainable travel by promoting urban growth within walking distances of public transport stations. Changes in residential property values are a common way to assess the success of transit-oriented developments. However, studies that focus on property values alone have reported mixed effects. This paper attempts to evaluate the land value impact around commuter rail stations by analyzing the change in property values within the context of the transformation of socio-spatial neighborhood attributes. The study sets out to estimate the effect of Randstad Rail stations using real estate transaction data of residential properties and neighborhood socio-spatial attributes in the Rotterdam–the Hague metropolitan area of the Netherlands covering a period from 1985 to 2018. Adopting a quasi-experimental design, the effect is estimated for properties within different catchment zones around three commuter rail stations using a Difference-in-Differences Model and Multivariate Analysis of Variance. The results demonstrate the overall negative effect of the Randstad Rail on the value of residential properties at a distance equal to or less than 400 meters from the selected rail stations in the range of -18.8% to -11.5%. In contrast, a positive effect is observed for the residential properties located within a radius of 400 to 800 meters from the rail stations, which is estimated to be +15% to +33.2%. The findings also indicate a considerable socio-spatial transformation in the neighborhood composition after the opening of the rail stations in terms of neighborhood population density, land-use density, housing characteristics, and car ownership, which significantly affect the magnitude and direction of the impact.

In the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, there is a huge gap in the capacity of natural gas peak regulation. Due to the influence of fault development and complex structure in Jizhong Depression, the evaluation of fault sealing ability is the top priority in the feasibility study of reservoir construction, but it lacks theoretical support and evaluation criteria. In this study, by calculating the shale gouge ratio, fault plane normal pressure, fault activity rate and fault growth index of the main fault in the gas-bearing structure of Jizzhong depression, to explore the quantitative characterization of fault sealing property value and the correlation of oil reservior, gas reservoir and aquifer. Then the parameter boundary of fault sealing ability is established, and the quantitative evaluation standard of fault sealing ability of gas storage is obtained. It provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the selection and evaluation of new gas storage sites in Jizhong depression.

Online short-term rental (STR) platforms such as Airbnb have grown spectacularly. We study the effects of regulation of these platforms on the housing market using a quasi-experimental research design. 18 out of 88 cities in Los Angeles County have severely restricted short-term rentals by adopting Home Sharing Ordinances. We apply a panel regression-discontinuity design around the cities’ borders. Ordinances reduced listings by 50 % and housing prices by 2%. Additional difference-in-differences estimates show that ordinances reduced rents also by 2%. These estimates imply large effects of Airbnb on property values in areas attractive to tourists (e.g. an increase in house prices of 15 % within 2.5km of Hollywood’s Walk of Fame).

Tax incremental financing (TIF) is the most prevalent, complex, and controversial economic development tool used by local governments today. TIF proponents argue that TIF increases stagnant property values, but critics suggest that TIF is an unnecessary subsidy and distorts real estate markets. Although case studies offer evidence supporting both sides, the argument begs an important question: because some TIF districts are successful and others unsuccessful, is there a way to predict TIF distress and help prevent TIF failure? Practitioners and academics highlight the importance of pre‐implementation planning and strict monitoring of TIF performance. However, even with the most strident planning and monitoring, TIF districts still often fail. Utilizing a dataset of all 1,080 active TIF districts in Wisconsin, this paper adopts techniques popular in assessing local government fiscal health by focusing on indicators such as budgetary solvency and macroeconomic conditions in predicting TIF distress.

This study was carried out to standardize the material properties of roll-over protective structure (ROPS) for agricultural tractor. The material properties which were obtained from stress-strain curve, a result of tensile test stress, were used to apply to the virtual test and varied from one production lot to the other and from one manufacturer to the other. And the finite element analysis was performed on the ROPS according to the OECD code. The results show that the load-displacement curves of virtual test were approximately equal to the actual test curves. The manufacturer or lot has been shown to have little effect on the properties of the material. Therefore, it is expected that the representative values that can be used in the finite element analysis can be determined by averaging the property values.

Corporate leverage responds differently to employees’ rights in bankruptcy depending on whether it is driven by strategic concerns in wage bargaining or by credit constraints. Using novel data on employees’ rights in bankruptcy, we estimate their impact on leverage, exploiting time-series, cross-country, and firm-level variation in the data. For financially unconstrained firms, results accord with the strategic debt model: leverage increases more in response to rises in corporate property values or profitability if employees have strong seniority in liquidation and weak rights in restructuring. Instead, in financially constrained firms leverage responds less to these shocks if employees have stronger seniority.

There is a usual positive correlation between infrastructure development and property sales, because infrastructure development has positive externalities on property sales. However, in Bulawayo this correlation is not usually present in all aspects of properties transactions. The research seeks to find out the trends in infrastructure development and property sales in the city of Bulawayo. The research also aims to unearth some of the factors other than infrastructure development that determine property values in Bulawayo’s low-density suburbs. The research took a mixed methods approach to data collection where both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were utilised. Questionnaires were administered to the people in low income areas of Pumula, Cowdrey Park and Emganwini. In depth interviews with key informants in the real estate sector were conducted to cross fertilise and enrich the inquiry. The research found out that in most cases there is a strong correlation between infrastructure development and property sales, but in some cases, this is not the case as some forces are put in play to distort the market play. The research also discovered that apart from infrastructure, property sales in Bulawayo’s low-income residential suburbs are also affected by income, supply of houses and demand for these houses. In Bulawayo, there are bottle-necks in the supply of houses and this has distorted the market because people are taking whatever there is on the market at any price. This has reduced the influence of infrastructure development on property sales.

Different learning algorithms have been developed in the literature for training the radial basis function network (RBFN). In this paper, a new neural network named as Hanman Entropy Network (HEN) is developed from RBFN based on the Information set theory that deals with the representation of possibilistic uncertainty in the attribute/property values termed as information source values. The parameters of both HEN and RBFN are learned using a new learning algorithm called JAYA that solves the constrained and unconstrained optimization problems and is bereft of algorithm-specific parameters. The performance of HEN is shown to be superior to that of RBFN on four datasets. The advantage of HEN is that it can use both information source values and their membership values in several ways whereas RBFN uses only the membership function values.

This paper examines potential property value impacts when a nuclear power plant closes and spent fuel remains on site. We confirm earlier research that fails to find an impact on property values of proximity to a nuclear power site. Another contribution of this paper is our finding that a one percentage point increase in property taxes is associated with a 4.31% decrease in the sale price of a home. These results provide evidence for a positive impact of operating nuclear facilities on surrounding communities in the form of reduced residential property taxes for a given level of public expenditures.

This research assesses the appreciation in residential property values in connection with proximity to the Little Miami Scenic Trail, a multi-purpose biking, hiking, and jogging trail built along an abandoned railroad corridor near Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Applying two spatial hedonic frameworks, the spatial lag of X (SLX) model and the spatial Durbin error model, we conclude that proximity to trail entrances had significant impacts on property values for both, Euclidean and network distance measures. Specifically, the SLX results indicate that decreasing the distance to the closest trail entrance by one foot (meter) increases a house’s property value by US$0.92 (US$3.02) when using network distances.

In this paper, an approach is proposed to enhance the images produced by holographic microwave imaging technique. The approach estimates the electrical properties of the background medium. For that, first, we assumed that the background properties are within a pre-known range. Then, wideband holographic imaging technique is applied to two sets of frequencies to reconstruct two sets of images for assumed property values within the pre-determined range. An error is computed to record the differences between the two sets of images. The error is expected to be minimum at the true values of the background medium’s properties. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed technique.

Housing is one of the individuals' basic needs besides food and clothing, and house demand will increase continuously to respond to the increasing population. Consequently, the gaps between housing needs and availability (backlog) in Indonesia remains high. However, home mortgage default probability is still a crucial issue for banks. Investigating the factors that explain home mortgage default probability is important for banks to mitigate the credit default risk. The results show that loan to value (LTV) is the credit characteristic that affects home mortgage default probability, implying that higher LTV ratios will increase home mortgage default. In this respect, education level is closely related to a broader perspective and the amount of income. Second, banks should also consider LTV when allocating home mortgages because it indicates potential borrowers' capacity to pay. Our findings inform banks to take potential borrowers’ education levels into account when making home mortgage credit decisions. Education levels are closely related to broader perspectives and higher income. Meanwhile, LTV (a ratio between credit amount and property value) is related to the capacity to repay. Higher property values imply lower LTV ratios and eventually lower default risks. Consequently, banks have to consider borrowers’ purchasing power in determining LTV ratios to enhance the probability of home mortgage repayment.

This case study of the Sanger Unified School District shows how a struggling school district in California facing state takeover embraced a distributed leadership model to improve academic outcomes, close equity gaps, improve teacher morale, and increase property values. The model developed relied heavily on Professional Leaning Communities and teacher collaboration, along with a Multi-Tiered System of Support to push decision making closer to students and teachers—those who were most impacted by the decisions being made. Structural changes, such as partnerships between the district’s administration and the local teacher’s union to find dedicated collaboration time during the school week without reducing the number of student learning time are shared.

Недвижимость является одним из столпов материального благосостояния любого субъекта или гражданина. Технический прогресс в области промышленного производства строительных материалов и изделий вложил весомый вклад в рост недвижимого имущества как отдельных государств, так и физических лиц. Для Чеченской Республики, прошедшей через разрушительные перипетии установления конституционного правопорядка, создание нового комплекса жилищно-коммунального хозяйства стало одним из приоритетных направлений при восстановлении социально-экономической сферы. Условия формирования стоимости недвижимости в Чеченской Республике довольно специфичны, на них огромное влияние оказали разрушительные последствия контртеррористических операций, перипетии становления конституционного порядка и изменения в законодательстве, которые создали массу не только гражданских, но и юридических проблем. Утеря архивов, массовые перепродажи, отсутствие правообладающих документов или их наличие у нескольких лиц инициировали огромное количество судебных разбирательств. При этом установление стоимости самого объекта недвижимости представляло не меньшую проблему., Real estate is one of the pillars of the material welfare of any entity or citizen. Technical progress in the industrial production of building materials and products has made a significant contribution to the growth of real estate of both individual states and individuals. For the Chechen Republic, which went through the destructive vicissitudes of establishing a constitutional legal order, the creation of a new housing and communal services complex has become one of the priority areas in restoring the socio-economic sphere. The conditions for the formation of the value of real estate in the Chechen Republic are quite specific, they were greatly influenced by the devastating consequences of counter-terrorism operations, the upheavals of the constitutional order and changes in legislation, which created a lot of not only civil, but also legal problems. The loss of archives, mass resale, the absence of legal documents or their presence in several persons initiated a huge number of legal proceedings. With this determination of the value of the property itself, it was no less a problem., Вестник ГГНТУ. Технические науки, Выпуск 2 (20) 2020

This paper proposes an open-domain method for automatically annotating modifier constituents (20th-century') within Wikipedia categories (20th-century male writers) with properties (date of birth). The annotations offer a semantically-anchored understanding of the role of the constituents in defining the underlying meaning of the categories. In experiments over an evaluation set of Wikipedia categories, the proposed method annotates constituent modifiers as semantically-anchored properties, rather than as mere strings in a previous method. It does so at a better trade-off between precision and recall.

Opinion summarization is the automatic creation of text reflecting subjective information expressed in multiple documents, such as user reviews of a product. The task is practically important and has attracted a lot of attention. However, due to the high cost of summary production, datasets large enough for training supervised models are lacking. Instead, the task has been traditionally approached with extractive methods that learn to select text fragments in an unsupervised or weakly-supervised way. Recently, it has been shown that abstractive summaries, potentially more fluent and better at reflecting conflicting information, can also be produced in an unsupervised fashion. However, these models, not being exposed to actual summaries, fail to capture their essential properties. In this work, we show that even a handful of summaries is sufficient to bootstrap generation of the summary text with all expected properties, such as writing style, informativeness, fluency, and sentiment preservation. We start by training a conditional Transformer language model to generate a new product review given other available reviews of the product. The model is also conditioned on review properties that are directly related to summaries; the properties are derived from reviews with no manual effort. In the second stage, we fine-tune a plug-in module that learns to predict property values on a handful of summaries. This lets us switch the generator to the summarization mode. We show on Amazon and Yelp datasets that our approach substantially outperforms previous extractive and abstractive methods in automatic and human evaluation., EMNLP 2020

This paper couples a traditional hedonic model with architectural style classifications from human experts and machine learning (ML) enabled classifiers to estimate sales price premia over architectural styles, both at the building and the neighborhood-level. We find statistically and economically significant price differences for houses from distinct architectural styles across an array of specifications and modeling assumptions. Comparisons between classifications from ML models and human experts illustrate the conditions under which ML classifiers may perform at least as reliable as human experts in mass appraisal models. Hedonic estimates illustrate that the impact of architectural style on price is attenuated by properties with less well-defined styles and we find no evidence for differential price effects ofRevivalorContemporaryarchitecture for new construction.

Utility poles in a power distribution line are usually made of prestressed concrete, reinforced concrete or wood. In Latin America, given the abundance of different species of wood suitable for structural purposes, the latter material is more commonly used. The durability of wood in structures exposed to meteorological agents is usually an issue, especially when these have a critical role in the operation of industries or when the structures provide a service to society. For this reason, it is convenient to develop simple techniques that allow the assessment of the damage during their service life. In this paper, results obtained experimentally are contrasted with the outcomes of finite element models, taking deterministic property values of the material and simulating the same load state of the test. The correlation between the degree deterioration of wood poles and their dynamic behavior taking into account defects such as cracks, knots and others, was evaluated. The wood used in the experiments is Eucalyptus grandis, a species that is widely cultivated in South and Central America and particularly, found in the northeastern part of Argentina. The experimental work has been carried out in laboratory using real poles with different degrees of damage and deterioration, that were provided by the EDES, the electricity company that provides service in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The lack of consensus in the literature on wind turbines and property values suggests that factors such as attitudes toward wind energy may influence whether turbines will impact property values. Based on identified attitudes at the municipality level in the Canadian province of Ontario, this study compares impacts on property values, estimated using a difference-in-differences hedonic approach, between municipalities that oppose wind energy development and those that have not expressed opposition. The results indicate that wind turbines have negatively impacted property values in “unwilling host” municipalities, while no significant impacts are found in unopposed municipalities.

Purpose Oklahoma has seen rapid growth in the development of wind energy over the past decade. Residents are concerned about the negative impacts of turbines such as noise or their appearance. This has raised concerns about property values. Thus, this paper aims to examine and quantify the overall impact of wind turbines upon real estate prices in Western Oklahoma. Design/methodology/approach Sales prices and the history of approximately 23,000 residential real estate records for both platted and unplatted properties in five counties were examined prior to the announcement of construction, after announcement and after construction. A hedonic analysis was undertaken to examine the real estate prices of the properties near wind farms. Findings While there may be isolated instances of lower property values for homes near wind turbines, results show no significant decreases in property values over homes near wind farms in the study area. Similar results are found for the unplatted properties. Practical implications This paper highlights that in spite of mixed attitudes toward wind farms and misconceptions regarding the link between turbines and property values, Oklahoma’s growing wind industry can continue to thrive without negatively impacting nearby home and land values and prices. Originality/value Although there have been numerous studies examining the relationship between wind turbine locations and real estate prices, no study has combined the large quantity of records (over 23,000) as well as both platted and unplatted locations.

A considerable body of academic research has emerged in the last decade identifying many environmental consequences of unconventional hydraulic fracturing (‘fracking’ or ‘UHF’) in the U.K. (for example, on climate change, air pollution, wastewater disposal and water contamination). However, there is much less research on the economic implications of fracking, particularly regarding property values and contributions toward energy security. This article will draw upon primary data collected through twenty semi-structured interviews with key-informants to the fracking industry in the U.K. (including a variety of interviewees from regulatory bodies, academia, the oil and gas industry, and anti-fracking campaigners, giving a reasonable breadth of knowledge, experience and opinion). Qualitative analysis of interview data concludes fracking will contribute only minimally to energy security, whilst having a perceived negative impact for the value of property, particularly those located within close proximity to extraction sites.

Semantic 3D city models play an important role in solving complex real-world problems and are being adopted by many cities around the world. A wide range of application and simulation scenarios directly benefit from the adoption of international standards such as CityGML. However, most of the simulations involve properties, whose values vary with respect to time, and the current generation semantic 3D city models do not support time-dependent properties explicitly. In this paper, the details of solar potential simulations are provided operating on the CityGML standard, assessing and estimating solar energy production for the roofs and facades of the 3D building objects in different ways. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates how the time-dependent simulation results are better-represented inline within 3D city models utilizing the so-called Dynamizer concept. This concept not only allows representing the simulation results in standardized ways, but also delivers a method to enhance static city models by such dynamic property values making the city models truly dynamic. The dynamizer concept has been implemented as an Application Domain Extension of the CityGML standard within the OGC Future City Pilot Phase 1. The results are given in this paper.

Transit-oriented development (TOD) is becoming an increasingly common development strategy with potential consequences on property values. This study explores the potential relationship between the proximity to public transportation and housing values. The objective is achieved by performing a hedonic regression using the 2013 American Housing Survey (AHS) sample, which includes 25 metro areas. In 2013, the AHS added a topical supplement addressing public transportation issues which makes understanding public transportation impacts on housing values more feasible. In this study, being located within half a mile of a public transportation stop was a significant factor in explaining housing values for 6 out of 25 metro areas. This research is important to real estate practitioners operating within TODs as proximity to public transportation may significantly influence property values.

We conduct an analysis of the costs and benefits of public investment in demolishing dilapidated residential housing in Detroit. While we estimate a positive net impact of demolitions on nearby property values, we also calculate a low marginal impact on local property tax collections. Under existing housing market conditions in Detroit, demolition costs exceed the present value of additional property tax revenues resulting from demolitions over 50 years. Using efficiency as the criteria for justifying spending public funds on demolition, average property values would have to increase by a factor of five to justify the demolition program.

Most research examining the impact of distressed properties on nearby property values has assumed that each additional distressed property has the same marginal effect on nearby property values as the prior distressed property had. Scholars have suggested that there could be threshold effects in the impact of distressed properties, yet no research has explored this issue. Therefore, this research explores the presence of threshold effects in the impact of housing abandonment on nearby property values in Baltimore, Maryland, from 1991 to 2010. This research finds that the magnitude of the impact of housing abandonment does not increase proportionally to the number of nearby abandoned properties. Specifically, it finds that the marginal impact on nearby property values increases significantly when the number of abandoned properties within 250 ft. increases by more than two. The research also finds that the marginal impact drops significantly when the number of abandoned properties within 250 ft. increases by more than 14.