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Large infrastructure investments are expected to be of sustained value to society for a long time. Such investment projects include, for instance, hospitals, tunnels, sport arenas, power plants, roads, railways, and bridges. They involve a complex organization of contracts and agreements. The client is expected to plan, procure, and determine the critical steps of a project, while the contractor should solve issues raised by the client. Many of these agreements are path-dependent and reflect past routines, experiences, and contacts. As such, many investments tend to return to similar sources instead of replacing routines and collaborations that did not work. This can cause change orders that furthermore reflect consequences such as cost and time overruns. While much is known about these effects in construction projects, this paper sheds light on the drivers of change orders. We build upon a sample of 234 observations responding to a survey on investment planning. The results show that project assumptions are often wrong and inadequate in large investments. Such wrong assumptions are caused by interpersonal and leadership issues, poor planning, or sometimes even intentional profit-seeking. Our results show that clients and contractors have different perceptions and enter contractual obligations differently. The implication is, therefore, that better routines of documentation, more frequent feedback, and more accurate or precise standards may close the gap between planning and what is actually achieved. More precise contractual agreements may also create a better process to procure, manage projects, and allocate resources.

The aim of this paper is to present the basic charachteristics of smart cities and the way in which program management application can contribut to the process of smart cities development. Through theorethical background of smart cities concept the main factors that are nessesary for success of smart cities are being highlighted. On the other hand, through the presentation of program management it is stated in which way this managerial concept can contribute to smart cities development. The main conclusions of the paper are based on the analysis of projects and programs of the most developed smart cities in Europe. The research results of this paper presents the basics for further analysis, accompanying the evolutionary progress of this concept and the application of program management as a managerial concept relevant wich can contribute to smart cities development.

Paper focuses on analysis of the human resource management in project management – from the perspective of the organisation and the individual. Firstly, paper will explore the theoretical perspective of the human resource management concept as it is applied to project-oriented organisations. Different approaches to project management will be reviewed (traditional and agile approach) and their implications to human resource management. Next, focus will be on the elements of human resource management such as competence development, career development, but also organisational culture and internal communication. Focus will also be on individuals – employees, on their competences and motivation as important factors of the successful achievement of the project goals. Questionnaire research will examine the way in which specific project environment impacts human resource management and motivation of employees in civil society organisations. Concluding remarks will provide theoretical conclusions and practical recommendations for the improvement of human resource management practices in project management.

IT outsourcing (ITO) remains a popular business practice, but many buyers and suppliers of IT services are caught in a vicious relationship spiral of low trust, bad collaboration and mediocre performance. This paper describes a novel process understanding of how vicious cycles work and suggests a new method for how they can be reversed into virtuous cycles. Based on the action research and complementary system dynamics simulation, this paper demonstrates how an ineffective ITO relationship between a European Harbour Authority and its main IT supplier ITCo was formed and, later, transformed. The method, involving collaborative redesign of service workflows, applied in this action research triggered the reversal of an otherwise downward relationship spiral. Both the empirical facts from the action research data and the system dynamics simulation data are provided as evidence. We conclude the paper with conceptual and methodological contributions as well as scope for future research.

In this study, we presented movable surface models to help medical students understand the multiaxial movements of the hip joint. The secondary objective was to demonstrate a simple method to make movable surface models for other researchers. We used 166 surface models of the virtual human, and the commercial software was used for all the processes described in this study. Virtual joints were created for the hip joint of the surface models to simulate realistic movements of the joints. Bone surface models were processed to maintain the original shape of the bones during movement. Muscle surface models were processed to express deformation of the muscle shapes during movement. Next, the muscle and bone surface models were moved over six movements of the hip joint (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, lateral rotation, and medial rotation). The surface models of these six movements were saved and packaged in a PDF file. The PDF file enabled users to see the stereoscopic shapes of the bones and muscles of the hip joint and to scrutinize the six movements on the X, Y, and Z axes of the joint. The movable surface models of the hip joint of this study will be helpful for medical students to learn the multiaxial movements of the hip joint. We expect to develop simulations of other joints that can be used in the education of medical students using the materials and methods described in this study.

The purpose of this research is to examine the causes of delay in airport projects in general and the King Abdulaziz International Airport (KAIA) of Saudi Arabia in particular. The KAIA is the most strategic and busiest airport of Saudi Arabia, which transports millions of pilgrims from two hundred countries to perform Hajj and Umrah in Makkah. In general, more than 50% of construction projects fail on one more area. Our method of research is empirical based on the analysis of responses received from seventy-one respondents to our survey questions. We shall also synthesize literature that utilizes previous research and case studies on aviation and public project failures. We believe that this research will be valuable in ascertaining and mitigating direct causes for the numerous project delays in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The current context determined by the social distancing has changed the way of carrying out the learning activities which are taught and evaluated at school; during this situation the Romanian and also the global education system faced an unprecedented challenge, namely the transfer of the whole school activity to the online environment. Given this situation, we analyzed data from national and international studies in order to have an overview of the characteristics of digitization and existing digital skills, especially in the Romanian education system. This analysis allowed the understanding of the structure on which this sudden digitization developed and the premises of public policies on which the process was built. The analysis was combined with the presentation of projects carried out during this period, in order to prepare the various school actors in the field of digital education in the form of recommendations to support the empowerment processes in training digital skills of teachers and students in the current context and on a long-term.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is becoming a common language for the construction of buildings and infrastructure sectors worldwide. This paper aims at providing a broad picture of published journal papers on BIM application in infrastructure projects. The review is based on bibliometric analysis of 239 papers. The bibliometric analysis technique is used as the analysis method, which when compared to conventional literature reviews allows for the reduction in the likelihood of subjective judgments. The paper presents the review of BIM applications in infrastructure projects analysed within a 10-year period; the analysis of most recent studies and trends of applying BIM methodology identifies the gaps of BIM applications in infrastructure projects and defines future areas of research. Detailed analyses of citation networks present the co-occurrence map of keywords, citation patterns of journals, articles and the most cited journals in the research area. Research shows that BIM applications in infrastructure projects have been continuously growing with a sudden increase after 2016. The study reveals that the research in this area conducted mainly in isolation comprised disjointed and fragmented research studies. Some of the sources are not available in scientific databases.

This paper shows how cross-border cooperation projects can play a significant role in the development of the local community and be an extremely important factor in launching new initiatives in the local community, if they are prepared taking into account certain critical factors. The case study of the "Adriatic Canyoning" project shows the key factors that enable a project to become a generator of development in the local community. Even in the case where the project has a tourist character, it can be a driver of infrastructural or urban development. The crucial role for a project to acquire such a character is the context of project preparation, the relationship between project objectives and planned activities, as well as the context of the project within the strategic development goals of a specific community. Also, the cross-border character of the project gives an additional dimension, not only in the transfer of knowledge and experience from cross-border regions, but also gives weight to a broader perspective that a particular local need gains through cross-border cooperation.

Infrastructure development with public–private partnership (PPP) contracts has been claimed to lead to better performance compared to regular contracts. However, the empirical evidence for this claim is weak. The authors assessed the difference in the actual performance of Dutch infrastructure PPP projects (design–build–finance–maintain: DBFM) compared to regularly procured projects (design-and-construct: D&C). DBFM projects demonstrated significantly better cost performance. IMPACT: Public–private partnerships (PPPs) have been widely used for the development and management of transport infrastructure, such as highways, railways, and waterways. However, hard evidence that PPPs perform better than regularly procured projects is lacking. Existing evidence tends to rely on anecdotal and perceptual data. This paper provides policy-makers and managers with real information about the actual performance and benefits of PPPs.

This article discusses the cross-border collaboration between the territorial communities and local authorities in Ukraine and Poland in terms of cooperation activities focused on the objectives of their economic, social, scientific, technical, environmental and cultural relations. The authors study the Euroregions as the primary form of cross-border cooperation (CBC). The interpretation of the information support for CBC has been determined in the context of its activities. Furthermore, it has been examined within the framework of the "Carpathian" and "Bug" Euro-regions through the following elements: the organisational and legal system (agreements, Programs, etc.); institutions that help collect, process and disseminate data on the CBC (websites, blogs, etc.); info-analytic products of the Euro-regions (articles, media reports, etc.). The authors highlight issues related to the information support for Ukrainian-Polish CBC and formulate the recommendations on how to improve the informational component of Ukrainian-Polish CBC within the "Carpathian" and the "Bug" Euro-regions.

Reputation of the public sector organizations has been in the limelight of research since the last few years. It is because a positive reputation attracts foreign direct investment, elevates the trust of the general public in their government, increases the net tax collections and in aggregate improves the image and identity of the country. The aim of the present study is to propose and evaluate a research model that includes project management maturity as an antecedent to organizational reputation. The suggested research model is assessed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Furthermore, the hypotheses generated in the study were examined based on a sample of 425 respondents from the project-based public sector organizations of Pakistan. Moreover, the findings indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between maturity in project management and reputation of public sector organizations. Additionally, it is determined from the findings of the study that different dimensions of project management maturity such as process management, project management training, knowledge management transfer, continuous improvement and the use of project management software positively affect the reputation of the public sector organizations in Pakistan.

As a decentralized distributed ledger, blockchain has developed rapidly since its birth and has been highly valued by governments, academia, and industry. Start in the financial field, blockchain technology has been rapidly applied to various fields such as the Internet of Things, supply chain, and healthcare. Blockchain technology has made sufficient development and innovation, but it also faces many challenges, such as security, scalability, and waste of resources. This paper starts with the development history of blockchain and combines the characteristics and technical principles of it to analyze the current academic research status and application scenarios. Meanwhile, this paper analyzes the existing outstanding blockchain projects and elaborates on their key advantages and current challenges. With discussing the ongoing development trend of blockchain, the development direction, and the research trend of blockchain in the future, this paper provides a useful reference for related research.

A 3-dimensional (3D) model of the female pelvis was created using the 2-dimensional dataset of the “Visible Human Project” and modern imaging techniques (IrfanView, Sante DICOM Editor 6, 3D Slicer) to augment traditional anatomic learning for students and doctors. Using the segmentation tools in the 3D Slicer, the female pelvis was segmented, utilizing the 0.3-mm thick image slices, into 98 unique anatomic models. These models were further divided into different subsets, that is, bones, organs, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. The resulting models were exported into a 3D model viewer using Unity (Figure 1) and a 3D PDF using Adobe Acrobat DC (Figure 2). The complete model is demonstrated on the following hyperlink: https://3dpics.study/femalepelvis/.

Although numerous studies have been conducted in the field of knowledge sharing with a focus given to its importance, very little attention has been given to knowledge hiding practices. A very few studies have been found to make an attempt to figure out its impact and antecedents. Likewise, the negative role of passive leadership in the project management literature has not been evidenced enough despite its existence in project-based organizations. Both knowledge hiding and passive leadership are the highly neglected areas in the project management literature. Therefore, this study not only attempts to investigate the influence of passive leadership on knowledge hiding but also aims to explore the role of creative self-efficacy between them. IT project organizations were chosen to collect data because of their high failure rate due to an insufficient knowledge transfer. The findings of this study revealed that the neglected passive leadership greatly influences the knowledge hiding practices among individuals. However, according to the results, knowledge hiding practices are found to reduce the presence of creative self-efficacy. Thus, the antecedents of knowledge hiding should be considered to create an innovative and successful business environment. The results are highly significant not only for the field of project management but also for other practitioners.

Context: Demand for palliative care (PC) continues to increase with an insufficient number of specialists to meet the need. This requires implementation of training curricula to expand the workforce of interdisciplinary clinicians who care for persons with serious illness. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of utilizing individual practice improvement projects (PIP) as part of a longitudinal PC curriculum, the Coleman Palliative Medicine Training Program (CPMTP-2). Methods: Participants developed their PIPs based on their institutional needs and through a mentor, and participated in monthly meetings and bi-annual conferences, thereby allowing for continued process improvement and feedback. Results: Thirty-seven interdisciplinary participants implemented 30 PIPs encompassing 7 themes: (1) staff education; (2) care quality and processes; (3) access to care; (4) documentation of care delivered; (5) new program development; (6) assessing gaps in care/patient needs; and (7) patient/family education. The majority of projects did achieve completion, with 16 of 30 projects reportedly being sustained several months after conclusion of the required training period. Qualitative feedback regarding mentors’ expertise and availability was uniformly positive. Conclusion: The CPMTP-2 demonstrates the positive impact of PIPs in the development of skills for interdisciplinary learners as part of a longitudinal training program in primary PC. Participation in a PIP with administrative support may lead to operational improvement within PC teams.

Background: The triple constraint – cost, scope and time – has been previously used to measure the success of traditional developed software projects. However, these triple constraints are no longer effective to measure the success of Agile software projects. Research shows that there are many other metrics that are being used to measure Agile methods beyond the triple constraint. Organisations are adopting Agile methods for a number of reasons which in turn are benefiting the software developing organisation in various ways. However, these software developing organisations still face challenges when adopting Agile methods. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the different metrics to be considered when measuring Agile software project success beyond the triple constraints. Method: Data were collected through an online survey. The population of interest included Agile specialists who are working on Agile software projects. The collected data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 26. Results: Our results showed that software developing organisations implementing Agile software projects are using strategic metrics that bring value to software developing organisations when measuring their Agile software projects. One of the most cited metrics is customer satisfaction, which is believed to show more value because software projects cannot be accepted unless customers see the value in such projects. Conclusion: There is a pragmatic shift in software development method, adoption and implementation. Organisations that are eager to see success are now shifting from using traditional methods to Agile methods of software development, and by doing so, success is inevitable.

Effective teamwork is one of the Engineering Council of South Africa’s (ECSA) exit-level outcomes. To achieve this outcome, one has to learn specific discourses and behaviours related to teamwork. Professional Orientation is a first-year engineering module offered in an extended engineering degree programme at a residential university in South Africa. This module assists students in developing a ‘teamwork discourse’, using engineering-based projects that follow the CDIO framework. In 2020, these projects transitioned fully to a virtual environment due to Covid-19 restrictions. The iPeer Learning Management System tool for peer- and self-assessment was used in this research to investigate whether first-year students were able to apply the teamwork discourses taught to them when completing the projects online. A quantitative analysis of the iPeer results reflected that while 54% of the students remained consistent in the two projects, 16% showed an improvement, and 30% showed a decrease. The reasons for these results could be varied. Thus, a qualitative analysis of the students’ comments for increased and decreased marks was also conducted to assess how the relevant teamwork discourses were applied and to what extent. These findings confirmed that teamwork discourses could effectively be applied by a smaller percentage of first-year students.

Despite the importance of good collaborative relationships in interorganisational projects, clients and contractors often develop adversarial relationships due to perceptual distance about key project issues. In this case study research, we investigated how perceptual distance emerges and changes over time, and how the collaborative relationship between client and contractor develops alongside these dynamics. In this exploration, we built upon agency theory and stewardship theory as complementary perspectives for understanding client-contractor collaborative relationships. We gathered quantitative and qualitative data in two projects, conducting three assessments in about one year. We found that perceptual distance increased and decreased over time, and that a reduction was typically associated with the collaborative relationship being characterized by stewardship rather than agency. These findings suggest that a regular assessment and evaluation of partners’ perceptions of critical project issues is warranted to timely detect and counteract perceptual distance. Moreover, partners would best adopt a stewardship orientation to reduce perceptual distance, although this may take considerable effort given the distributive nature of many pre-project negotiations.

As a recent research hot issue, obtaining the accurate 3 D organ models of Visible Human Project (VHP) has many significances. Therefore, how to extract the organ regions of interest (ROI) in the large-scale color slice image data set has become an urgent issue to be solved. In this paper, we propose a method framework based on OneCut algorithm and adjacent image geometric features to continuously extract the main organ regions is proposed. This framework mainly contains two parts: firstly, the OneCut algorithm is used to segment the ROI of target organ in the current image; secondly, the foreground image (obtained ROI) is corroded into several seed points and the background image (other region except for ROI) is refined into a skeleton. Then the obtained seed points and skeleton can be transmitted and mapped onto the next image as the input of OneCut algorithm. Thereby, the serialized slice images can be processed continuously without manual delineating. The experimental results show that the extracted VHP organs are satisfactory. This method framework may provide well technic foundation for other related application.

The objectives of this study were to research into the interdependencies IT project control variables, and also come out with frameworks to help IT project managers understand how to effectively control these variables to ensure the success of IT projects. The study employed six control variables: Cost, Time (Schedule), Scope, Quality, Risk, and Benefits. A qualitative approach was adopted, where selected IT program and project managers of the Telecom industry in Ghana were interviewed individually and in a group based on a set of questions. The findings, espoused in the frameworks, reiterated the theory of the dependence of one control variable on the other, and the fact that varying one affects the others positively or negatively in relation to IT project success, as is the case for the iron triangle. Again, key activities of the control variables necessary to ensure IT project success were discovered., 15 pages, 7 Figures

The article presents conceptually scientific and methodological principles of agricultural management on the basis of Information Technologies. It has determined the main directions of using Information Technologies in Agricultural Manufacturing. It has systematically investigated the manufacturing by agricultural producers, and it has determined and stressed the main functions and relationships between the two systemic parts – technical and technological as well as organizational and technical. There have been determined the hierarchical structure of the configuration for the husbandry systems. It was explored that this configuration consists of nine main parts, and which of them have their own configuration. It was a conceptually determined processes of architecture management of agricultural programs (portfolios) and the configuration of agricultural products. The developed structural and project approach to configurations management of systemic parts for agricultural manufacturing is the part of scientific and methodological principles of this manufacturing management using Information Technologies.

Purpose In spite of emerging research on building information modelling (BIM) capability assessment, there is a general dearth of knowledge about the links between often pre-emptive capability measurement attributes and actual delivery success. More so, current studies have not considered success from the wider construction supply chain (CSC) perspective. So far, the perceived importance of capability metrics is not based on post-project evaluations of their contribution to BIM delivery success. This paper aims to identify relevant BIM capability attributes used for qualifying CSC organisations for projects and further aims to investigate their relative importance and influence on some key aspects of BIM delivery success. Design/methodology/approach Based on heretofore validated set of BIM capability attributes from semi-structured interviews and a Delphi study, a survey of CSC firms on BIM-enabled projects was used to model the influence of BIM capability attributes on BIM delivery success. Multiple regression modelling was performed to ascertain the nature of the relationship between BIM capability attributes and the key aspects of BIM delivery success as identified from the literature. Findings BIM staff experience and the suitability of proposed methodology prior to project commencement were identified as the most influential on BIM delivery quality, as well as delivery within schedule and on budget. Conversely, the administrative and strategic-level capacities were found as the most influential in leveraging collaboration, coordination or integration of the CSC on projects through BIM. Originality/value This study provides a step change in prioritising BIM capability criteria based on evidence of their contribution to delivery success in key performance areas, rather than their perceived importance as capability metrics as widely practised.

Introduction and problem statement Ultrasound imaging is one of the most preferred modalities for image-guided procedures owing to its low-cost, non-ionizing nature, and real-time capability. However, its interpretation is complex, and hence considerable research has gone into developing methods that can help improve the interpretation of ultrasound images. One such solution is to use ultrasound simulation tools that can generate patient-specific ultrasound images from image data obtained from other modalities during pre-planning stage. Use of such tools can aid the user to have enough practice before the actual image-guided procedure. In this regard, ultrasound simulation from CT data has gained much interest over the past few years. Methodology One of the most recent ways of simulating ultrasound images from CT is to combine the ultrasound echo reflection image, the transmission intensity map, and the scatter image of the region of interest from the CT image. However, the scatter image is simulated using Field II program, which is computationally very intensive. In this paper, we propose combining the traditional convolution method for scatter map generation along with ray tracing approaches to simulate an ultrasound image. The methodology is tested on CT data from Visible Human Project (VHP) in simulations and validated on multi-modality tissue-mimicking phantom in vitro. Simulation is done for a curvilinear array transducer at 2.5 MHz frequency and an imaging depth of 180 mm. Results and conclusion The results obtained from simulation suggests that using convolution method reduces the computation time significantly, from almost 2.4 h to about 17 s for a chosen region of interest in VHP data of dimensions 180 mm x 60 mm x 1 mm without affecting the image quality. In case of in-vitro phantom, the computation time is reduced from almost 3 h to about 10 s for a chosen region of interest of dimensions 180 mm x 60 mm x 1.25 mm. Thus, convolution method may be preferred over Field II for generating ultrasound scatter image since the method provides a comparable image to that of real-time images, but takes only significantly less computation time.

Collaboration in large-scale projects introduces challenges involving both coordination (the ability to collaborate) as well as cooperation (the willingness to do so). Existing research has shown how modular designs can improve coordination by locating interdependencies within rather than between different modules. Based on an in-depth case study of collaboration in a large-scale infrastructure project, our study highlights an effect of modularity on collaboration that previously has been overlooked. Specifically, we show that while modular designs may help overcome coordination challenges by reducing interdependencies between modules, they can in turn hamper collaboration by emphasizing specialization within modules. Therefore, though existing work typically perceives modularity and integration as opposites, we clarify how they can also act as complements. In particular, we show how firms need to complement modular designs with integrating practices that stimulate cooperation. Overall, we contribute to the literature on collaboration and modularity by explaining when and how organizations can combine modularity and integration.

The analysis of the status and trends of the development of territorial communities in Ukraine is carried out. The expediency of the development of tools for assessing the risk of investors' value in projects for the creation of cooperatives for the provision of family dairy farms is substantiated. The model and computer program of risk assessment of investors' value of projects based on the use of probability theory, methods of mathematical statistics and modeling of work execution for determination of variable costs for feed production are developed. It has been established that there are three scenarios for the formation of the value of investors for the creation of FC projects and three zones of their risk. The initial data are grounded for assessing the risk of investors investing in projects for the creation of cooperatives for the provision of family dairy farms. The study of the characteristics of the project environment for the conditions of the "Pokrova" SOK has been performed, which is located on the territory of the Zabolotiv's community of the Brody district of the Lviv region. The statistical characteristics of distribution of expenses for production of feed, their market value and profit of investors of cooperatives forage supply of family dairy farms are substantiated. The level of risk of obtaining value from investments in the project of establishing a cooperative of forage provision of family dairy farms with a given minimum value of their profit is determined.

Based on the authors teaching experiences this paper proposes the developing of a ProJect-Based Learning (PJBL) environment for Automatic Control Education in Aerospace Engineering (ACEAE), which have been developed in several projects that involved the same authors. The PJBL approach have been based on the following major aspects: a Hardware/Software platform (quadricopter and related ground station, etc) as an environment to design and implement automatic control laws, and a proper choice of such tools in order to facilitate the communication of the knowledge between student of different classes and academic years, thus also improving communication skills and teamwork experience. A new didactic formulation is thus proposed, summarized by a Professional Readiness Level (PRL) table, useful to organize the learning of automatic controls for the Aerospace Engineering faculties. The actual status of this concept is applied at the University of Bologna in the courses of Automatic flight Control and Applied Control. In this work the choice of educational tools which could make the academic laboratory activities sustainable over time is proposed and the effectiveness of the proposed approach is assessed by means of the direct experience of the authors which summarize the feedback of the students involved in courses.

The function of project risk management (PRM) is to understand the uncertainty that surrounds a project and to identify the potential threats than can affect it as well as to know how to handle these risks in an appropriate way. Then, the measurement of the performance of PRM becomes an important concern, an issue that has not yet been addressed in the research literature. It is necessary to know how successful the application of the PRM process is and how capable is the process within the organization. Regarding construction projects, it is essential to know whether the selected responses to mitigate or eliminate identified risks were suitable and well implemented after the execution of the project. This paper presents a critical analysis of the relevance of measuring the performance of PRM and the benefits of doing so. Additionally, it presents a preliminary and pioneering methodology to measure the performance of PRM through the evaluation of the adequacy of responses applied to mitigate risks as well as to evaluate the resulting impacts as indicators of the effectiveness of these actions at the end of the project. This knowledge will allow construction companies to incorporate good practices, generate lessons learned, and thereby to promote a continuous improvement of the whole PRM process.

The analysis of the state of science and practice of making managerial decisions in agricultural production projects is performed. The expediency of substantiation of the influence of the agrometeorological component of the project environment on the duration of works in the projects of chemical protection of agricultural crops is substantiated. The approach to the definition of fund of works time performance in projects of chemical protection of crops taking into account changing events of an agrometeorological component of the project environment is offered. It is based on the use of statistical data of agrometeorological stations in the regions where these projects are implemented. The peculiarity of this approach is that it provides for the formation of databases and knowledge for planning work in projects of chemical protection of agricultural crops based on the characteristics of a given project environment. To do this, computer simulation is used, which provides a systematic consideration of many variable agrometeorological components of the design environment and their impact on the limitation of the time allocated for work. This improves the quality of the database for forecasting the events of the components of the project environment, as well as gaining knowledge that underlies the acceleration of management decisions in projects of chemical protection of crops. It is established that the duration of agrometeorological determined daily fund of time for work in projects of chemical protection of agricultural crops is variable both during the life cycle of the project and in certain periods of its implementation, which is reflected by the relevant distribution laws. Further research on the planning of chemical protection projects for agricultural crops should be conducted to justify new methods and models of management decisions that will take into account the impact of changing events of the agrometeorological component of the project environment on the time and content of work in these projects.

As an example of Industry 4.0 in a project context, 3D printing of concrete has the potential to provide a paradigm shift for construction processes with significant implications for project management. This study investigates and reports the enablers and barriers of implementing the innovative 3D printing technology in construction projects, based on a literature review and case study interviews in construction companies. 3D printing can make construction processes more effective, provided that project managers can utilize the potential. The interviews with industry representatives highlighted the issue of cost efficiency of the technology. There is a need to show practical project examples on cost efficiency of the 3D printing technology. To those who manage new technologies 3D printing and other aspects of Industry 4.0 represent an opportunity, while those who struggle to work with and understand new technologies, they represent a challenge or even a threat. Future project managers better be in the first category.

As risk and uncertainty factors have become more prominent in the already volatile energy market because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of Arctic hydrocarbon resources has become a debatable issue. At any rate, oil and gas companies need to improve their strategic management systems (along with the development of technologies) for the successful implementation of such complex projects. The purpose of this study was to propose the conceptual basis for transforming strategic management and planning systems of oil and gas companies so that they can successfully face global challenges when implementing offshore oil and gas projects in the Arctic as well as provide more sustainable energy sources. The article discusses the current situation with Arctic initiatives and the results of an analysis of price instability in the energy sector, along with an analysis of several megatrends affecting oil and gas companies. All this allows for presenting a conceptual vision of how a strategic management system should be transformed in order to become able to meet the requirements for implementing Arctic projects, with the emphasis being placed on sustainability, management requirements, and the key principles. The research is based on the fundamentals of strategic management and strategic planning and relies on methods such as desk study, content analysis, event analysis, comparative analysis, and factor analysis.

Despite the increasing attention in academic literature, it continues to be extremely challenging to capture the complexity of reintegration processes and post-return situations. This article argues that the concept of well-being, which captures contextual differences, self-chosen points of reference and summarizes a multitude of outcomes, has the potential to fill some of the gaps in current studies. This approach is translated into a longitudinal and qualitative research, applied to study the post-return situations of 65 (rejected) asylum applicants and undocumented migrants who return through an assisted return programme from Belgium to their country of origin Armenia or Georgia. The findings reveal particular accents, priorities and vulnerabilities linked to personal trajectories and pre- and post-return contexts and touches upon different connections, contrasts and interactions between components of post-return well-being. Accordingly, the results highlight that the lens of well-being is a useful strategy to uncover the complexity and dynamics of post-return situations.

Projects have become crucial devices in the practice and governance of research. Drawing on the participant ethnography of a two-year interdisciplinary project on microbial bioenergy, this chapter inquires how projectification translates into collective research dynamics. It argues that to understand what projects are and how they affect research practices and communities, it is necessary to look beyond their influence on the organisation of research work. Seeking to delineate the project as a group, the chapter analyses three versions of the project-ed community: in documents, in institutional arrangements, and in daily research. This shows that projects cannot be reduced to temporary arenas of research. They are also argumentative devices that justify and display the excellence and relevance of specific scientific endeavours, as well as projection devices – they serve to imagine future research communities and to start building them. In that, projects are highly strategic entities that integrate scientific practices into coherent narratives to further the interests and ambitions of various parties; but they are also enmeshed in practical matters, because to build communities, researchers have to develop concrete repertoires that are materially embodied.

Teaching morphological sciences’ suffers from the lack of human corpses for dissection due to ethical or religious issues, worsened by increasing students’ demand for educational anatomy. Fortunately, the technological revolution now put at our disposal new virtual reality tools to teach and learn anatomy. These multimedia tools are changing the way students engage and interact with learning material: they can engage in meaningful experiences and gain knowledge. This evolution is particularly true for the virtual dissection table, based on 3D vectorial atlases of the human body. This chapter describes the manual segmentation methodology from the anatomical slices of the Korean visible human project with Winsurf® software. Although using the same slices, our segmentation technique and refinement of the 3D meshes are quite different from the Korean team (Ajou University, Seoul, Korea). The resulting 3D vectorial models of the whole body of men and women include 1300 anatomical objects. After improvement with a modeler (Blender® version 4.79), we export 3D atlas into a “.u3d” format to take advantage of the powerful interface of the 3Dpdf Acrobat® file working in four different languages. The user interface is simplified by a touch screen to manipulate and dissect the virtual body with three fingers easily. Anatomical regions, systems, and structures are selected and controlled by javascript buttons. We developed this educational project under the Auspices of the Unesco chair of digital anatomy (www.anatomieunesco.org).

Computational biomechanics analysis of neurologic injuries has so far been focused on the brain. This has resulted in the development of industrially applied computational biomechanics models of the brain and various criteria (such as cumulative strain damage measure, CSDM and maximum principal strain, MPS) to determine the likelihood of brain injuries. In contrast, spinal cord injury (SCI) has attracted relatively little attention from the computational biomechanics research community. This study, addresses this gap by applying computational biomechanics analysis to predict deformations of the cervical spinal cord and the risk of SCI. To do this, a three-dimensional finite element model of the cervical spinal cord was built using data from the Visible Human Project and incorporated into a well-established finite element model of the human body for injury analysis, created by the Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHMBC). The model was applied to simulate well-documented low-speed whiplash-type experiments previously conducted on volunteers by the Japan Automobile Research Institute and University of Tsukuba. The results suggest that direct application of CSDM and MPS criteria and the related injury risk curves leads to overestimation of SCI risk.

This methodological note proposes a reference document for the registration of projects developed in higher education institutions (HEI), in which a problem is briefly defined, a synthesis of the evidence is made, possible lines of action are identified, and recommendations are proposed. The main objective is to describe the methodology for the assessment and registration of the intellectual production of students of HEI in ten stages: 1) strengthening knowledge on intellectual property registration in the curricular contents; 2) development of entrepreneurial or research projects in the training environments; 3) implementation of database for projects and innovations registration; 4) official registration of projects in the database; 5) review and evaluation of projects by the institution's intellectual property experts; 6) recommendations for projects requiring adjustments; 7) inclusion of alternatives in the intellectual property registration categories of approved projects; 8) registration of intellectual property in the responsible institutions (Superintendence of Industry and Commerce, Copyright National Directorate); 9) implementation of the projects requiring implementation; 10) dissemination of projects in the different educational institutions. Finally, the process of intellectual property registration is presented as research material for the any type of project management. Esta nota metodológica propone un documento de referencia para el registro de proyectos desarrollados en las instituciones de educación superior (IES), en el que de forma breve se define un problema, se realiza una síntesis de la evidencia, se identifican posibles líneas de actuación y se proponen recomendaciones. El objetivo principal es describir la metodología para la valoración y el registro de la producción intelectual de estudiantes de IES en diez etapas: 1) fortalecimiento del conocimiento sobre registro de propiedad intelectual en los contenidos curriculares; 2) desarrollo de proyectos de emprendimiento o investigación en los ambientes de formación; 3) implementación de base de datos para registro de proyectos e innovaciones; 4) registro oficial de los proyectos en la base de datos; 5) revisión y evaluación de proyectos por parte de los expertos en propiedad intelectual de la institución; 6) recomendaciones para los proyectos que requieran ajustes; 7) consideración de alternativas en las categorías de registro de propiedad intelectual de los proyectos aprobados; 8) registro de propiedad intelectual en las instituciones responsables (Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio, Dirección Nacional de Derechos de Autor); 9) implementación de los proyectos que lo ameriten; 10) divulgación de los proyectos en las diferentes instituciones educativas. Por último, se presenta el proceso de registro de la propiedad intelectual como material de indagación para la gestión de cualquier tipo de proyectos. Esta nota metodológica propõe um documento de referência para o registro de projetos desenvolvidos em instituições de ensino superior (IES), no qual se define um problema de forma breve, realiza-se uma síntese das evidências, identificam-se as possíveis linhas de ação e, em consequência, são propostas as recomendações. O principal objetivo é descrever a metodologia para a avaliação e registro da produção intelectual dos estudantes de IES em dez estágios: 1) fortalecimento do conhecimento sobre registro de propriedade intelectual nos conteúdos curriculares; 2) desenvolvimento de projetos de empreendedorismo ou pesquisa nos ambientes de treinamento; 3) implementação de banco de dados para registro de projetos e inovações; 4) registro oficial de projetos no banco de dados; 5) revisão e avaliação de projetos pelos especialistas em propriedade intelectual da instituição; 6) recomendações para projetos que requerem ajustes; 7) consideração de alternativas nas categorias de registro de propriedade intelectual de projetos aprovados; 8) registro de propriedade intelectual nas instituições responsáveis (Superintendência de Indústria e Comércio, Diretoria Nacional de Direitos Autorais); 9) implementação dos projetos que o mereçam; 10) divulgação de projetos nas diferentes instituições de ensino. Por fim, o processo de registro de propriedade intelectual é apresentado como material de pesquisa para a gestão de qualquer tipo de projeto.

Background: The continuous improvement of project maturity generally enhances the capacity of the state to render services within budget, performance parameters and time. The lack of organisational readiness to adopt project management praxis seriously jeopardises government departments’ ability to successfully execute public policy by means of programmes and projects. Aim: The aim of this article was to reflect on findings from, firstly, a survey based on content analysis of strategic government documents and, secondly, focus-group interviews with senior managers in the South African Public Service, to determine the organisational readiness and overall project maturity of national government departments. Setting: The study focused on project maturity assessments in government settings and, in this case, national departments of the South African government. Methods: A qualitative design was followed utilising content analysis and focus-group interviews as two methods for data collection. Results: The findings revealed that the South African government is characterised by pockets of excellence as far as project maturity is concerned. An overarching model and uniform methodology for project management are largely absent. Conclusion: International standards and best practices should be adopted and adapted for the unique nature of governance and service delivery dynamics within South Africa. The findings accentuated the need for a far more coordinated and integrated project-based approach in government because departments are generally found to operate in silos. Various strategies are proposed to improve the project management maturity of these institutions.

Recent progress regarding shortwave-infrared (SWIR) molecular imaging technology has inspired another modality of noninvasive diagnosis for early breast cancer detection in which previous mammography or sonography would be compensated. Although a SWIR fluorescence image of a small breast cancer of several millimeters was obtained from experiments with small animals, detailed numerical analyses before clinical application were required, since various parameters such as size as well as body hair differed between humans and small experimental animals. In this study, the feasibility of SWIR was compared against visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) region, using the Monte Carlo simulation in voxelized media. In this model, due to the implementation of the excitation gradient, fluorescence is based on rational mechanisms, whereas fluorescence within breast cancer is spatially proportional to excitation intensity. The fluence map of SWIR simulation with excitation gradient indicated signals near the upper surface of the cancer, and stronger than those of the NIR. Furthermore, there was a dependency on the fluence signal distribution on the contour of the breast tissue, as well as the internal structure, due to the implementation of digital anatomical data for the Visible Human Project. The fluorescence signal was observed to become weaker in all regions including the VIS, the NIR, and the SWIR region, when fluorescence-labeled cancer either became smaller or was embedded in a deeper area. However, fluorescence in SWIR alone from a cancer of 4 mm diameter was judged to be detectable at a depth of 1.4 cm.

Drawing on achievement goal theory and job design frameworks, this study explores how certain antecedents combine in configurations to trigger knowledge hiding behavior among project teammates. We, therefore, adopted a configurational approach and performed fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to a data set of 292 employees nested into 10 Chinese medium-sized firms. This inductive analytic approach enabled us to explore configurations of conditions of different levels of antecedents. Results identified four equifinal configurations of antecedents leading to knowledge hiding in project teams, in addition to six different configurations restraining this behavior, generating propositions to be tested by future research in a deductive manner. Our study may guide firms to better counteract and manage knowledge hiding behavior in teams by suggesting different pathways and solutions that can minimize knowledge hiding behavior among project team members.

Strategic niches are protected spaces for emerging technologies, where expectations are articulated, social networks built, and learning occurs. Although Strategic Niche Management (SNM) can be done in a directed, strategic manner, more diffuse, loosely connected and self-organizing niches also exist. We explore such niches in a particular setting: a social media discussion forum - a Facebook group - set up for an open discussion on the reform of national-level energy policy in Finland. We focus on discussions related to two renewable energy technologies: biogas and ground-source heat pumps. We conduct Social Network Analysis and quantitative as well as qualitative content analysis of the social media material to ask what kind of SNM happens in these discussions. Our results indicate that the discussion networks may be conducive for wide engagement and incorporation of new ideas, while also containing sub-groups that may foster learning. However, the discussions are highly centralized around a few active discussants and focused on the present-day situation, drawing from specific local and national experiences and technical details, despite the original aim of the group to induce forward-looking debates on energy policy. The articulation of future expectations is not a predominant feature of the discussions related to these two technologies. Still, the quantitative content analysis reveals extensive agreement in their framing as sustainable future energy solutions, while the qualitative analysis also points to critical debates that may support learning and further development of shared expectations. peerReviewed

Background Kenya’s new constitution passed in 2010 recognizes the right of quality care resulting in the devolution of health service delivery to the sub-national units called counties in 2013. However, the health system performance continues to be poor. The main identified challenge is poor health systems leadership. Evidence shows that addressing health system leadership challenges using different leadership intervention models has the potential to improve health outcomes. The purpose of this study is to report findings on the effect of project-based experiential learning on the health service delivery indicators addressed by 15 health management teams from 13 counties in Kenya, as compared to the non-trained managers. Methods A quasi-experimental design without a random sample was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the leadership program. The health managers from the 13 Counties and 15 health facilities had previously undergone a 9-month leadership training, complimented with facility-based team coaching based on 15 priority institutional service improvement projects at the Strathmore University Business School. Pre-test and post-test data were collected in three-point periods (beginning, end of the training, and 24-to-60 months post-training). The control group comprised 14 other health institutions within the same counties. Results Leadership training and coaching built around priority institutional health service improvement projects in the intervention institutions showed: a) skilled birth attendance increased, on average, by 71%; b) full immunization of children, increased by 52%; c) utilization of in and out-patient services, which on average, increased by 90%; d) out-patient turn-around time reduced on average by 65% and; e) quality and customer satisfaction increased by 38.8% (in all the intervention facilities). These improvements were sustained for 60 months after the leadership training. In contrast, there were minimal improvements in service delivery indicators in the comparison institution over the same period of time. Ninety-three percent of the respondents attributed team-coaching built around priority institutional health service improvement projects as a key enabler to their success. Conclusions The study provides support that an intervention underpinned by challenge driven learning and team coaching can improve a range of health service delivery outcome variables.

Este trabajo narra la realización de un li-bro colectivo sobre perspectiva de género. En el mundo actual, la imagen de la mu-jer en los medios resulta muy manipula-da, contribuyendo a difundir una imagen interesada y falsa de la mujer. Los futuros maestros deben ser sensibles a esta situa-ción para que no se conviertan en consu-midores pasivos. Con el proyecto se les dotó de mecanismos de crítica para con-trarrestar una situación inadmisible en el S. XXI. Queremos conseguir que los alumnos reflexionen críticamente sobre el papel de la mujer en la sociedad mediante la ac-ción colaborativa descrita en el texto. La capacidad del Arte para generar imágenes que provoquen emociones nos permite al-canzar nuestros objetivos. This paper reports the production of a group book about gender perspectives. Nowadays, the image of women in mass-media tends to be manipulated and this contributes to the dissemination of a mis-leading and false image of women’s iden-tity. Future teachers should be especially conscious of this situation so that they do not become passive consumers of publi-city. This project aims to offer students mechanisms for criticism and reflection to counteract a situation which in the 21stcentury should be simply unacceptable. Our goal is that our students reflect critica-lly about the role of women in society by means of a collaborative action which this article explains in detail. The capacity of Art to provide images that elicit emotions allows us to reach our aims Ce travail raconte la réalisation d’un livre collectif sur la perspective de genre. Dans le monde actuel, l’image de la femme dans les medias est très manipulée, ce qui contribue à diffuser une image intéressée et fausse de la femme. Les futurs professeurs doivent être spécialement sensibles à cette situation, en en prenant conscience, afin qu’ils ne deviennent pas des consommateurs passifs de la publicité. Avec le projet, on a donné aux élèves des mécanismes de critique pour contrer une situation inadmissible au XXIèmesiècle. Nous voulons parvenir à ce que les futurs professeurs réfléchissent de manière critique sur le rôle de la femme dans la société par une action collaborative, décrite dans le texte. La capacité de l’Art pour générer des images qui provoquent des émotions nous permet d’atteindre nos objectifs. SI

Research on projects has to a limited degree taken issue with how projects are chief producers of meaning at work. We develop the concept of narrative capital as a basic mechanism for how people can engender meaning in and through projects in organizations. Narrative capital is derived from experiences that people appropriate into their individual and collective life stories, retrospectively, as adding to a repertoire of accumulated learning and mastering, and prospectively, in terms of living with purpose and hope. We chart implications for meaning making in projects as expanding ownership, expanding connections of impact, and extending narrative possibility.

The Republic has significant resources for the development of mining, export and domestic consumption, including the energy needs of the republic and neighboring regions. The article provides a retrospective analysis of the supply of Yakut coal for energy needs and the structure of capacities by energy resources. The estimation of power-generating coal resources, including low-grade products of coking coal processing of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), is given. Characteristics of coal deposits are presented, which are useful for energy needs. Projects for the development of coal-fired energy in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are presented. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has significant coal resources for the development of coal-fired power plants. Coal power facilities play a closing role in meeting the demand for electricity and heat. The use of coal for the development of coal-fired energy in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) can be determined by the development of mining industry, the construction of power plants of small capacity in isolated areas, as well as the possibility of exporting coal-fired power plants.

У статті розглянуто основні шляхи впровадження гейміфі кації в навчальний процес з іноземних мов у вищій школі. Проаналізовано гейміфікацію з погляду її використання в курсах мовної підготовки, обговорено різні види навчаль ної діяльності, які можна віднести до форм гейміфікації, вивчено можливі сфери їх використання як у немовному, так і в мовному закладі вищої освіти. Форми гейміфікації поділено на ті, які можуть регулярно використовуватися в навчальному процесі, але не охоплюють його цілком, і ті, що перетворюють увесь або значну частину процесу навчання іноземної мови у безперервну ігрову діяльність., The article discusses the principal ways of introducing gamification into the foreign language teaching and learning process at higher schools. The analysis of gamification is done from the point of view of its use in foreign language courses. Different learning activities that can be considered as forms of gamification are analyzed, and fields of its application in both linguistic and non-linguistic higher schools are discussed. The forms of gamification that can be used in foreign language teaching include language games, dramatizations, social contacts, role plays, simulations, brainstorming, case-studies, discussions and presentations, projects, and continuous simulations. Those forms of gamification are divided into those that can be regularly used in the teaching and learning process, but do not embrace it in its entirety (language games, dramatizations, social contacts, role plays, simulations, brain-storming, case-studies, discussions, presentations) and those that transform the entire or the substantial part of the teaching and learning process into continuous gaming activities (projects and continuous simulations). The distinction is made between the forms of gamification that can be used both at linguistic at non-linguistic higher schools and those that are applicable for teaching either at linguistic or at non-linguistic higher schools only. The article demonstrates that gamification used in foreign language teaching fully meets all requirements to gamification when teaching other subjects at higher educational institutions. It is also fully adaptable to computerization and introduction of information technologies into the gamified foreign language teaching and learning process. Finally, the relationship between gamification and experiential learning in foreign language teaching is analyzed, and it is shown that gamification and experiential learning are synonymous notions that can be used interchangeably. The results of the study prove that in the field of gamification, foreign language teaching is totally in line with the most recent advances of general pedagogy.

This paper sheds a light on how local conditions affect renewable energy innovation. As empirical case, we study an energy transition policy regulation in the Netherlands: the zip code-rose regulation (PCR) intended for community energy initiatives. Firstly, we analyse the capacity of the PCR to facilitate the accommodation of renewable energy projects by community energy initiatives. Secondly, we analyse how emerging area-based energy practices are feeding back into the energy policy system. Based on empirical evidence from a desk study and interviews with community energy initiatives and key governance actors we find that the policy does provide a modest incentive for initiatives to develop renewable energy projects under local conditions. Nevertheless, the policy falls short of allowing initiatives to openly seek for locally desired solutions and hence, to increase opportunities at a local level to develop projects based on local conditions. However, current difficulties with the policy are being considered at a national level urging for adaptation of Dutch energy policies.

The article presents a comparison of the roadway supports currently used in mines in the Soma basin in Turkey with new one proposed by Huta Łabędy and Central Mining Institute (GIG) in terms of resistance parameters and work in conditions of specific loads. The strength analysis of the frame was carried out using the finite element method, using the COSMOS/M program, based on the methodology developed and applied in GIG. The frame models were built corresponding to their geometry and cross-sectional parameters of the sections used. Beam elements (BEAM3D) were used for building models, which were given cross-sectional parameters of the V36 section. This resulted in three frame models that were loaded in three ways (three load variants). The first option included roof load, acting on the roof bar in a uniform manner, at a length of about 3.0 m. In the second variant, the same load was adopted but the resistance of the side wall was omitted. However, in the third variant, the same roof load was assumed in addition to a side load, acting on the sliding arch, at a length of about 3.0 m, a value corresponding to half the load of the roof. As a result of the calculations carried out, the distribution of reduced stresses in the analysed frames and the maximum load values were obtained. The proposed roadway supports retain the functionality of the previously used frames in terms of width, height, cross-sectional area of the support and the number of elements. They are characterised by the same weight and at the same time, they have up to 24% more load capacity because of the replacement of straight sections of curved side sections. This treatment was possible by forming individual elements of the arch with two bending radii. The additional load increase was obtained by using S550W steel.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a contribution on the role of European R&D projects (ERDPs) on small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs) resource development. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a qualitative methodology based on a longitudinal case study. The case analysis concerns Gamma, a small high-tech firm based in Italy, active in nanotechnologies since 2005 as a research spin-off and since its establishment active in ERDPs. The analysis is developed along three main phases of development where the company participated to different ERDPs. Findings The empirical analysis highlights that since its establishment, Gamma has been able to increasingly exploit participation in ERDPs, in order to gain access to financial and technological resources. Such active and continuous participation fostered the development of both advanced technological and organizational resources, which then allowed the company to survive and play a growing role as a well-known technology partner in the nanotechnology field in Italy and Europe. Originality/value Adopting an IMP perspective, the paper provides a contribution on the managerial dimension of SMEs’ participation in ERDPs – which represents a neglected topic in the existing literature – on two distinct grounds: resource development process and networking processes. With respect to resource development processes in ERDPs, this case study underscores the relevance of ERDPs for developing both technological and organizational resources, highlighting the relevance of project management-related knowledge. In terms of networking processes, this paper highlights the need to fully understand the interplay of ERDP networks and business networks.

International audience; In this article are considered by authors the technological, resource and economic capacity of the Far East, the first stages of a cooperation between Russia and the largest gas importers in the Pacific Rim are described, the main projects and fields contributing to the development of a cooperation between the countries are also considered. Statistical methods of the analysis act as methodological base of a research. In modern conditions in relation to the energy sector of Russia (imposition of sanctions by the western countries) there is a reorientation of export deliveries to the EU to Asia-Pacific countries. In these conditions the Far East of Russia acts as a large oil and gas source which has advantages and opportunities to compete in the Asian market, using not only the favorable investment climate, but also the infrastructure developed for today's time. The carried-out analysis showed that Russia is the largest suppliers in the market of Asia-Pacific countries. Constantly interest in the Russian energy resources in the Asian market grows. It is connected with a geographical location of Russia, with high inventories of hydrocarbons in the Far East, safety of deliveries, low policy risks, etc.

This study investigates resident satisfaction with provided involvement activities during highway planning processes, with particular attention given to the planned Southern Ring Road highway project in Groningen, the Netherlands. In-depth interviews with 38 residents living in the project area reveal important themes contributing to satisfaction. Satisfaction with passive information activities is motivated by the extent to which information addresses concerns, but (dis)trust in government and other information sources also plays a role. For residents preferring to obtain additional information, perceived access to such information and the extent to which it reduces concerns are also important to satisfaction. Finally, for residents who would rather participate actively, satisfaction is motivated by their perceived access to participation activities and the sense of being heard. Study results show how residents' evaluations of the themes underpinning involvement satisfaction are based on their perceptions of actual project team activities and contextual factors.