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The urgency of dealing with global climate change caused by greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions is increasing as the carbon dioxide(CO2) concentration in the atmosphere has reached a record high value of 416 ppm(parts per million). Technologies that remove CO2 from the surrounding air(direct air capture, DAC) could result in negative carbon emissions, and thus attracts increasing attention. The steady technical progress in adsorption-based CO2 separation greatly advanced the DAC, which largely relies on advanced sorbent materials. This review focuses on the latest development of porous solids for air capture; first discussed the main types of sorbents for air capture, which include porous carbons, zeolites, silica materials, and metal-organic frameworks(MOFs), particularly their modified counterparts. Then, we evaluated their performances, including uptake and selectivity under dry and humid CO2 streams for practical DAC application. Finally, a brief outlook on remaining challenges and potential directions for future DAC development is given.

Jie Wang,1,2 Yun Wu,3 Md Nazim Uddin,2,4 Rong Chen,5 Jian-Ping Hao5 1Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of General Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People’s Republic of China; 4Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh; 5Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jian-Ping Hao No. 137 Liyushan S. Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13579876416Email 13579876416@163.comIntroduction: Essential thrombocytosis (ET) is a group of myeloproliferative neoplasms characterized by abnormal proliferation of platelet and megakaryocytes. Research on potential key genes and novel regulatory markers in essential thrombocythemia (ET) is still limited.Methods: Downloading array profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, we identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through comprehensive bioinformatic analysis. GO, and REACTOME pathway enrichment analysis was used to predict the potential functions of DEGs. Besides, constructing a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network through the STRING database, we validated the expression level of hub genes in an independent cohort of ET, and the transcription factors (TFs) were detected in the regulatory networks of TFs and DEGs. And the candidate drugs that are targeting hub genes were identified using the DGIdb database.Results: We identified 63 overlap DEGs that included 21 common up-regulated and 42 common down-regulated genes from two datasets. Functional enrichment analysis shows that the DEGs are mainly enriched in the immune system and inflammatory processes. Through PPI network analysis, ACTB, PTPRC, ACTR2, FYB, STAT1, ETS1, IL7R, IKZF1, FGL2, and CTSS were selected as hub genes. Interestingly, we found that the dysregulated hub genes are also aberrantly expressed in a bone marrow cohort of ET. Moreover, we found that the expression of CTSS, FGL2, IKZF1, STAT1, FYB, ACTR2, PTPRC, and ACTB genes were significantly under-expressed in ET (P< 0.05), which is consistent with our bioinformatics analysis. The ROC curve analysis also shows that these hub genes have good diagnostic value. Besides, we identified 4 TFs (SPI1, IRF4, SRF, and AR) as master transcriptional regulators that were associated with regulating the DEGs in ET. Cyclophosphamide, prednisone, fluorouracil, ruxolitinib, and lenalidomide were predicted as potential candidate drugs for the treatment of ET.Discussion: These dysregulated genes and predicted key regulators had a significant relationship with the occurrence of ET with affecting the immune system and inflammation of the processes. Some of the immunomodulatory drugs have potential value by targeting ACTB, PTPRC, IL7R, and IKZF1 genes in the treatment of ET.Keywords: essential thrombocythemia, hub genes, regulatory markers, candidate drugs, bioinformatics analysis

The atmospheric CO2 concentration continues a rapid increase to its current record high value of 416 ppm for the time being. It calls for advanced CO2 capture technologies. One of the attractive technologies is physical adsorption-based separation, which shows easy regeneration and high cycle stability, and thus reduced energy penalties and cost. The extensive research on this topic is evidenced by the growing body of scientific and technical literature. The progress spans from the innovation of novel porous adsorbents to practical separation practices. Major CO2 capture materials include the most widely used industrially relevant porous carbons, zeolites, activated alumina, mesoporous silica, and the newly emerging metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent-organic framework (COFs). The key intrinsic properties such as pore structure, surface chemistry, preferable adsorption sites, and other structural features that would affect CO2 capture capacity, selectivity, and recyclability are first discussed. The industrial relevant variables such as particle size of adsorbents, the mechanical strength, adsorption heat management, and other technological advances are equally important, even more crucial when scaling up from bench and pilot-scale to demonstration and commercial scale. Therefore, we aim to bring a full picture of the adsorption-based CO2 separation technologies, from adsorbent design, intrinsic property evaluation to performance assessment not only under ideal equilibrium conditions but also in realistic pressure swing adsorption processes.

Software video encoders that have been developed based on the AVC, HEVC, VP9, and AV1 video coding standards have provided improved compression efficiency but at the cost of large increases in encoding complexity. As a result, there is currently no software video encoder that provides competitive quality-cycles tradeoffs extending from the AV1 high-quality range to the AVC low-complexity range. This paper describes methods based on the dynamic optimizer (DO) approach to further improve the SVT-AV1 overall quality-cycles tradeoffs for high-latency Video on Demand (VOD) applications. First the performance of the SVT-AV1 encoder is evaluated using the conventional DO approach, and then using the combined DO approach that accounts for all the encodings being considered in the selection of the encoding parameters. A fast parameter selection approach is then discussed. The latter allow for up to a 10x reduction in the complexity of the combined DO approach with minimal BD-rate loss.

Adipose-derived cytokines may contribute to the inflammation that occurs in metabolic syndrome (MetS). The Takeda G protein-coupled receptor (TGR5) regulates energy expenditure and affects the production of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in metabolic diseases. Etanercept, which acts as a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antagonist, can also block the inflammatory response. Therefore, the interaction between TNF-α and TGR5 expression was investigated in rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Heart tissues isolated from the HFD-induced MetS rats were analyzed. Changes in TGR5 expression were investigated with lithocholic acid (LCA) as the agonist. Betulinic acid (BA) was used to activate TGR5 in urinary bladders. LCA was more effective in the heart tissues of HFD-fed rats, although etanercept alleviated the function of LCA. STAT3 activation and higher TGR5 expression were observed in the heart tissues collected from HFD-fed rats. Thus, cardiac TGR5 expression is promoted by HFD through STAT3 activation in rats. Moreover, the urinary bladders of female rats fed a HFD showed a low response, which was reversed by etanercept. Relaxation by BA in the bladders was more marked in HFD-fed rats. The high TGR5 expression in HFD-fed rats was characterized using a mRNA assay, and the increased cAMP levels were found to be stimulated by BA in the isolated bladders. Therefore, TGR5 expression increases with a HFD in both the hearts and urinary bladders. Collectively, cytokine-medicated TGR5 activation was observed in the hearts and urinary bladders of rats.

Purpose: Subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH) is usually a benign ocular disorder that causes painless, redness under the conjunctiva. However, since SCH and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) share many vascular risk factors, studies have suggested that these two disorders may be significantly associated with each other, and evaluate the concomitance of ACS in patients with SCH.Methods: This population-based cohort study, enrolled 35,260 Taiwanese patients, and used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to identify patients with ACS and SCH. Outcomes were compared between the with and without SCH groups. The study population was followed until the date of ACS onset, the date of withdrawal, death, or December 31st 2013, whichever came first.Results: Of the 85,925 patients identified with SCH between 1996 and 2013, 68,295 were excluded based on the study's exclusion criteria, and a total of 17,630 patients with SCH who were diagnosed by ophthalmologists between 2000 and 2012 were eligible for analysis. After 1:1 propensity score matching for 5-year age groups, gender, and the index year, the results showed that SCH was more common in the 40–59 age group (53.82%) and females (58.66%). As for the ACS-related risk factors, patients with diabetes mellitus (aHR = 1.58, 95% CI = [1.38, 1.81]), hypertension (aHR = 1.71, 95% CI = [1.49, 1.96]) and patients taking aspirin (aHR = 1.67, 95% CI = [1.47, 1.90]) had a notably higher risk of ACS. However, it was found that there were no significant differences in the occurrence of ACS between the non-SCH and SCH patients.Conclusion: This results of this study regarding the risk factors and epidemiology of SCH and ACS were in keeping with previously reported findings. However, the results revealed no significant association between SCH and ACS.

A new asymmetric capacitor concept is proposed providing high energy storage capacity for only one charging direction. Size‐selective microporous carbons (w2 nm), gives access to both ions. This architecture exclusively charges in one direction with high rectification ratios (RR=12), representing a novel capacitive analogue of semiconductor‐based diodes (“CAPode”). By precise pore size control of microporous carbons (0.6 nm, 0.8 nm and 1.0 nm) combined with an ordered mesoporous counter electrode (CMK‐3, 4.8 nm) electrolyte cation sieving and unidirectional charging is demonstrated by analyzing the device charge‐discharge response and monitoring individual electrodes of the device via in situ NMR spectroscopy.

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and safety of EGFR-TKI combined with thymosin therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring active EGFR mutations.MethodsPatients confirmed as advanced NSCLC with active EGFR mutations were recruited from August 2008 to July 2018 retrospectively. Patients treated with EGFR-TKI were classified as the EGFR-TKI group. And those received EGFR-TKI and thymosin therapy were designated as the EGFR-TKI plus thymosin group. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), tumor response and adverse effects.ResultsThe median PFS was significantly longer in EGFR-TKI plus thymosin group than that in EGFR-TKI group (14.4 months vs. 9.2 months; HR=0.433, 95% CI 0.322 - 0.582, Pvs. 19.8 months; HR=0.430, 95% CI 0.319 - 0.580, PP=0.918). The disease control rate was 96.9% in EGFR-TKI plus thymosin group and 97.7% in EGFR-TKI group (P=1.000). There were no significant differences in adverse effects between the two groups. The number of CD3+T cells in peripheral blood decreased significantly after treatment including both CD3+CD4+T and CD3+CD8+T subsets in EGFR-TKI group, but not in EGFR-TKI plus thymosin group.ConclusionsCombination of EGFR-TKI and thymosin can significantly prolong the PFS and OS compared with EGFR-TKI monotherapy without more adverse events, which offers a new strategy in clinic.

EFNA1 is a key gene that is associated with the pathogenesis of several human cancers. However, the prognostic role of EFNA1 in many cancers and the relationship between EFNA1 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in different cancers remain unclear. The expression levels of EFNA1 in 33 types of cancer in the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database were collected via the UCSC Xena browser. The clinical data of LGG (low grade glioma) patients were downloaded from the TCGA database. The glioma data from the CGGA (Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas) database were also downloaded to verify the results. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to investigate the prognostic value of EFNA1 in different cancers using R software. We verified the differential expression of EFNA1 in glioma and normal brain tissue via gene expression profiling interactive analysis. We evaluated the relationship between the expression level of EFNA1 and the clinicopathological features of LGG patients via the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The immune infiltration levels were evaluated via tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) and CIBERSORT, and the correlations between EFNA1 and immune cell levels were investigated via TIMER. Finally, we conducted gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to explore the potential mechanisms. Data from the TCGA database showed that EFNA1 was differentially expressed in many kinds of cancers when compared with normal tissues. Upregulated EFNA1 expression in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC), and LGG correlated with shorter patient overall survival (OS) times. The Cox regression analysis revealed that the expression of EFNA1 was also a risk factor for the disease-specific survival (DSS) and progression-free interval (PFI) of LGG patients. The multiple Cox regression analysis revealed that EFNA1 was an independent prognostic factor for LGG patients. In addition, EFNA1 expression was increased in the WHO grade III group and the 1p19q non-codeletion group. Moreover, EFNA1 expression was positively correlated with the levels of infiltrating CD4+ T cells, myeloid dendritic cells and neutrophils in LGG. GSEA suggested that several GO and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) items associated with nervous system function and apoptotic pathway were significantly enriched in the EFNA1-low and EFNA1-high expression phenotypes. EFNA1 may play a pivotal role in the development of LGG and may serve as a potential marker for LGG prognosis and therapy.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of heterogeneous hematological malignancies. We identified key genes as ITGAM and lncRNA ITGB2-AS1 through different bioinformatics tools. Furthermore, qPCR was performed to verify the expression level of essential genes in clinical samples. Retrospective research on 179 AML cases was used to investigate the relationship between the expression of ITGAM and the characteristics of AML. The critical gene relationship with immune infiltration in AML was estimated. The clinical validation and prognostic investigation showed that ITGAM, PPBP, and ITGB2-AS1 are highly expressed in AML (P < 0.001) and significantly associated with the overall survival in AML. Moreover, the retrospective research on 179 clinical cases showed that positive expression of ITGAM is substantially related to AML classification (P < 0.001), higher count of white blood cells (P < 0.01), and poor chemotherapy outcome (P < 0.05). Furthermore, based on grouping ITGAM as the high and low expression in TCGA-LAML profile, we found that genes in the highly expressed ITGAM group are mainly involved in immune infiltration and inflammation-related signaling pathways. Finally, we discovered that the expression level of ITGAM and lncRNA ITGB2-AS1 are not just closely related to the immune score and stromal score (P < 0.001) but also significantly positively correlated with various Immune signatures in AML (P < 0.001), indicating the association of these genes with immunosuppression in AML. The prediction of candidate drugs indicated that certain immunosuppressive drugs have potential therapeutic effects for AML. The critical genes could be used as potential biomarkers to evaluate the survival and prognosis of AML.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of hematological malignancy with diverse genetic pathogenesis. Identification of the miR-93-5p targeted pathogenic markers could be useful for AML diagnosis and potential therapy. We collected 751 miR-93-5p targeted and AML-related genes by integrating the results of multiple databases and then used the expression profile of TCGA-LAML to construct a coexpression function network of AML WGCNA. Based on the clinical phenotype and module trait relationship, we identified two modules (brown and yellow) as interesting dysfunction modules, which have a significant association with cytogenetics risk and FAB classification systems. GO enrichment and KEGG analysis showed that these modules are mainly involved with cancer-associated pathways, including MAPK signal pathway, p53 signal pathway, JAK-STAT signal pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, both associated with the occurrence of AML. Besides, using the STRING database, we discovered the top 10 hub genes in each module, including MAPK1, ACTB, RAC1, GRB2, MDM2, ACTR2, IGF1R, CDKN1A, YWHAZ, and YWHAB in the brown module and VEGFA, FGF2, CCND1, FOXO3, IGFBP3, GSF1, IGF2, SLC2A4, PDGFBM, and PIK3R2 in the yellow module. The prognosis analysis result showed that six key pathogens have significantly affected the overall survival and prognosis in AML. Interestingly, VEGF with the most significant regulatory relationship in the yellow modules significantly positively correlated with the clinical phenotype of AML. We used qPCR and ELISA to verify miR-93-5p and VEGF expression in our clinical samples. The results exhibited that miR-93-5p and VEGF were both highly expressed in AML.

The goal of this research is to design a proactive bus blind spot warning (PBSW) system which will notify the motorcycle riders as soon as they enter the blind spot of a target vehicle, i.e., bus. The motorcycle side of this PBSW system, consisting of a Raspberry Pi 3B+ and a dual-lens stereo camera, will first transmit captured images to the Android phone using Wi-Fi and then to the cloud server through the cellular network. At the cloud server, the famous AI model, YOLOv4, is used to recognize the position of the rear-view mirror of the bus. By the principle of lens imaging, the distance between the bus and the motorcycle is estimated. Based on the estimated distance returned from the cloud server, the PBSW APP running in the Android phone illustrates the visible area/blind spot of the bus, the position of the rider and the estimated distance between the motorcycle and the bus. It further alarms the rider whenever the rider has entered the blind spot of the bus. According to performance evaluation on this implemented system, it recognizes the rear-view mirror with the average accuracy of 92.82%, the error rate of the estimated distance lower than 0.2% and the average round trip delay of 0.5 sec. It is concluded that this PBSW system keeps the motorcycle rider away from imminent dangers in real time.

Background : Strongyllodes variegatus (Fairmaire) is a major insect pest of oilseed rape in China. Despite its economic importance, the population genetics of this pest contributing to the development of suitable management and control strategies is poorly known. To understand the population genetics and assess the geographical patterns and genetic structure of S. variegates in China. Using mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b region sequences as genetic markers, we analyzed population genetic diversity and structure from 437 individuals collected in 15 S. variegates populations located in different oilseed rape production areas in China. In addition, we estimated the demographic history using neutrality test and mismatch distribution analysis. Results : The high level of genetic diversity was detected among the mtDNA region sequences of S. variegates . The population structure analysis strongly suggested that three genetic and geographical regions occur with limited gene flow. The Mantel test showed that the genetic distance was greatly influenced by geographical distance. The demographic analyses showed that S. variegates experienced population fluctuation during the Pleistocene, which was likely to be related to the climatic changes. Conclusion : Overall, these results demonstrated that the strong population genetic structure of this beetle may attribute to the geographical barriers and subsequently adapt to the regional ecological conditions for the distribution of S. variegates in China. Keywords : Gene flow, Genetic differentiation, Haplotype, Oilseed rape, Population genetic pattern, Strongyllodes variegates

In the past few years, the malware industry has been thriving. Malware variants among the same malware family shared similar behavioural patterns or signatures reflecting their purpose. We propose an approach that combines support vector machine (SVM) classifiers and active learning by learning (ALBL) techniques to deal with insufficient labeled data in terms of the malware classification tasks. The proposed approach is evaluated with the malware family dataset from Microsoft Malware Classification Challenge (BIG 2015) on Kaggle. The results show that ALBL techniques can effectively boost the performance of our machine learning models and improve the quality of labeled samples.

Abnormality in the number and function of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in peripheral blood has been linked to the initiation and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Effect of chemokine CCL22 on the number of Tregs in CD4+ T cells and the underlying mechanism were investigated. Downregulation of peripheral Tregs were observed while upregulation of serum chemokine CCL22 in RA patients. Tregs count and the expression of FOXP3 (Tregs function-related maker) and phosphorylated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (p-STAT5) in CD4+ T cells from RA patients were increased while C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) was decreased by anti-CCL22 antibody, however, recombinant CCL22 resulted in the opposite effects in CD4+ T cells from the healthy control. STAT5 inhibitor significantly reversed the effects of anti-CCL22 antibody. Similarly, sinomenine, an anti-arthritis drug, which decreased CCL22 and CCR4, showed the same trends as the above events, and was reversed by recombinant CCL22 or STAT5 inhibitor. Collectively, anti-CCL22 induced the number of Tregs via STAT5 pathway, leading to expansion of Tregs and subsequently to control of the autoimmune reaction in RA patients. Our study provides s novel strategy for RA treatment.

In the past, the progressive collapse resulting from local failures during accidents has caused many tragedies and loss of life. Although long-span spatial grid structures are characterised by a high degree of static indeterminacy, the sudden failure of key members may lead to a catastrophic progressive collapse. For this reason, it is especially necessary to research the progressive collapse resistance capacity of long-span spatial grid structures. This paper presents an evaluation method of important members and a novel dynamic analysis method for simulating the progressive collapse of long-span spatial grid structures. Engineering cases were analysed to validate these proposed method. These proposed methods were eventually implemented in the progressive collapse analysis of the main stadium for the Universiade Sports Center. The roof of the structure was concluded to have good resistance against progressive collapse. The novel methods provide results close to practice and are especially suitable for the progressive collapse analysis of long-span spatial grid structures.

Background The expression level of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 (RRM1) is closely related to the effect of gemcitabine-based therapy in advanced bladder cancer. However, the value of RRM1 expression in predicting progression-free survival in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients treated with intravesical gemcitabine chemotherapy has not been elucidated. Methods This study randomly assigned 162 patients to either the RRM1-known group or the unknown group. We collected cancer tissues from 81 patients to evaluate the mRNA expression of RRM1 by using liquid chip technology. All patients were diagnosed and then treated with intravesical gemcitabine monotherapy immediately after transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT). Results RRM1 expression was high in 21% (17/81) of patients. The RRM1 mRNA level was not correlated with sex, age, weight, performance status, or CUA/EAU risk (p > 0.05). Progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly longer for patients with low RRM1 expression than for patients with high and unknown RRM1 expression (p = 0.009). Additionally, the 1- and 2-year relapse rates also differed according to RRM1 expression level. The 1-year relapse rates for RRM1-low, RRM1-high and RRM1-unknown patients were 0, 17.7 and 6.2% (p = 0.009), while the 2-year relapse rates for these groups were 3.1, 29.4, and 11.1% (p = 0.005), respectively. Conclusions This preliminary study showed that low RRM1 expression was associated with longer progression-free survival and lower 1-year/2-year relapse rates in NMIBC patients treated with intravesical gemcitabine monotherapy, despite the need for further verification with large sample sizes and considering more mixed factors and biases.

Circulation tumor cells (CTCs) play an important role in metastasis and highly correlate with cancer progression, thus, CTCs could be considered as a powerful diagnosis tool. Our previous studies showed that the number of CTCs could be utilized for recurrence prediction in colorectal cancer (CRC), however, the odds ratio was still lower than five. To improve prognosis in CRC patients, we analyzed CTC clusters/microemboli, CTC numbers, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)/carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels using a self-assembled cell array (SACA) chip system for recurrence prediction. In CRC patients, the presence of CTC clusters/microemboli may have higher correlation in metastasis when compared to the high number of CTCs. Additionally, when both the number of CTCs and serum CEA levels are high, very high odds ratios of 24.4 and 17.1 are observed in patients at all stages and stage III of CRC, respectively. The high number of CTCs and CTC clusters/microemboli simultaneously suggests the high chance of relapse (odds ratio 8.4). Overall, the characteristic of CTC clusters/microemboli, CEA level, and CTC number have a clinical potential to enhance CRC prognosis.

With great interest, we have read the recent article ‘Incidence trend of five common musculoskeletal disorders from 1990 to 2017 at the global, regional and national level: results from the global burden of disease study 2017’ by professor Jin et al 1 which aimed to further estimate the cause-specific prevalence of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders and their trend from a global, regional and national prospective. The authors concluded that the age-standardised incidence rate (ASR) of MSK disorders has been decreasing in mainly the high-middle sociodemographic index regions, however, for rheumatoid arthrits, osteoarthritis and gout specifically, these have remained increasing, which is identical with previous research.2–4 This study indeed built a solid foundation of future government policies and further follow-up studies for the specific MSK disorders, an important cause of disability.5 Nevertheless, some methodological issues of this study must be reconsidered. First and foremost, we are …

Metastasis is the major cause of death among cancer patients, yet early detection and intervention of metastasis could significantly improve their clinical outcomes. We have sequenced and analyzed RNA (Expression) and DNA (Mutations) from the primary tumor (PT), tumor extension (TE) and lymphatic metastatic (LM) sites of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) before treatment. Here, we report a three-nucleotide deletion near the C-region of Plk5 that is specifically associated with the lymphatic metastasis. This mutation is un-detectable in the PT, becomes detectable in the TE and dominates the LM tissue. So while only a few primary cancer cells carry this mutation, the majority of metastatic cells have this mutation. The increasing frequency of this mutation in metastatic tissue suggests that this Plk5 deletion could be used as an early indicator of CCRCC metastasis, and be identified by low cost PCR assay. A large scale clinical trial could reveal whether a simple PCR assay for this mutation at the time of nephrectomy could identify and stratify high-risk CCRCC patients for treatments.

Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) is a new multi-disciplinary research field in recent years, which is an actuator or system composed of micro sensors, micro actuators, micro devices, signal processing system and control system. This paper mainly introduces the development of MEMS, technology characteristics, main processing materials and processing technology. At last it introduces the development and application of MEMS in the fuze system and aerospace system in detail for the future.

For the risk management problem of key enterprises in the area, we propose a time-series based risk monitoring and assessment model which could manage and predict enterprises' dynamic risk levels. Our model takes a systematic method to monitor and evaluate enterprises' various types of risk indicators: by collecting real-time categorical data through pre-designed data-collection portal, the model applies Z-score algorithm on processing and normalizing enterprises' categorical data and generates a time-series based risk intensity matrix. After that, our model uses entropy method to assign different weights on risk indicators to generate initial comprehensive risk index values; by applying the superposition of time-series risk attenuation function on the initial risk index values, we get the overall risk index values which is used to reflect enterprises' business risks. The simulation results of our method prove that our risk management model provides an effective solution to monitoring and evaluating enterprises' risks in the region. We have built monitoring and assessment information systems for several enterprises based on this risk management model; the purpose of this paper is to explain procedures the model takes to implement risk monitoring and assessment functions.

The paper takes Wuhan Business University as the example, regards ArcGIS as the software platform, proposes the flow chart of the self-constructed management system through building the virtual campus spatial database, three-dimensional model construction and management system, etc. and combining the campus management practice, and makes reasonable suggestions on the improvement of management efficiency by using virtual campus.

The nonconformal domain decomposition method (DDM) of the hybrid finite element-boundary element(BEM) with FETI (finite element tearing and interconnecting) like algrithm and multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) are presented for computing large electromagnetic scattering problems in this paper. Due to the Robin-type transmission conditions, it is possible to employ nonconformal interface discretizations of the targets. We speed up the solution process by reducing the unkowns by adopting the thought of FETI, leading to sevaral dense FEM inverse matrices. H-Matrices is introduced into this method to reduce memory consumption, when faced with plenty of sub-domains. Furthermore, MLFMA is applied to improve the efficiency of computing technique. Accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated through several numerical experiments.

In view of the characteristics of non-silicon flat micro parts in MEMS devices, such as small, light and thin, a vacuum adsorption microassembly system based on microvision was established. Through the research on the key assembly technologies of micro-gripper operation, moving control and micro vision positioning, a general scheme of automatic assembly for flat micro parts is put forward, which is based on the combination of teaching playback and microscopic visual feedback. Furthermore, some key technologies are especially studied, such as teaching playback control method, target part recognition, position compensation and attitude adjustment, and an automatic assembly program is developed by using VC++ platform. The experimental results show that automatic assembly can be realized by using the combinational control mode of visual servo and teaching playback, and it has higher precision and efficiency, and it also has realistic significance to automatic assemble application.

In view of the assembly process characteristic of non-silicon flat micro parts in MEMS devices, a micro assembly control system is developed based on an established experimental platform. According to the characteristics of the micro parts, micro parts recognition and positioning method is studied, and a new matching algorithm based on shape template is proposed, then an identification module has been developed. Firstly, by acquiring the image of template and target, edge information of the target parts can be acquired after image filtering, binarization, denoising and sub-pixel edge detection. Secondly, edge direction vector is calculated by Sobel filter. Finally, using image pyramid method, image matching speed has been accelerated. Experimental results of typical parts assembly show that the new method has high recognition rate and fast matching speed.

As a new short-range, low-speed and low-power wireless network technology, ZigBee smart design is ideal for campus wireless sensor networks. Therefore, in order to study how to use zigBee achieve smart campus applications has a very important practical value, on the basis of technology and research Zigbee wireless smart construction on campus and abroad, combined with our practical needs of wireless smart campus, put forward a set of Zigbee-based wireless smart campus solution.

With the widely applied computer control system, especially the distributed control system, the complexity of control software is becoming higher and higher, and the quality of the software directly affects the reliability of control system. This paper develops a new traceability system for food processing by using VB programming software and CMM computer software testing technology, and sets up the quality traceability control model of food processing, which realizes the optimal allocation between the raw material batch and the order. Quality traceability system for CMM food processing designed in the third section is verified. The traceability of the quality in the process of food processing can adjust the process of food processing, so as to obtain new quality curve, and to provide a theoretical basis for the research on the quality control of food processing.

Silicon is an important material for technical applications. Recently, a long-puzzling metastable phase of silicon (T12-Si) has been theoretically identified. In this work, we used first-principles calculations to study the electronic and elastic properties and the hardness of this new silicon allotrope to enrich the relevant information. These properties of cubic Si (c-Si) were also calculated for comparison. The results show that the T12-Si is mechanically anisotropic and has a lower bulk modulus and shear modulus than c-Si. Its theoretical hardness is 10.3 GPa, smaller than the value of 13.5 GPa for c-Si. Analyses of the electronic properties reveal that T12-Si is an indirect band gap crystal with a gap value of 0.69 eV, making it a promising semiconductor for future technical applications and that covalent sp 3-hybridization is the main interaction in this crystal. The reason the calculated hardnesses of c-Si and T12-Si are rather small compared to that of diamond is also discussed.

Aiming at such defects as the widely distributed threshold and poor universal performance in traditional inertial switch, a MEMS universal inertial switch was designed. The switch consisted of two annular lectrodes, each electrode was suspended by four serpentine flexures and could move freely. There was a gap between the two electrodes and the gap kept the swtich open during non-working state . When the absolute value of acceleration along a particular direction in the x-y plane exceeded a certain threshold value, one of the electrode (the sensing mass) contacted with the other electrode, the ON-state was held and the duration of the ON-state extended because of the flexible distortion of serpentine flexures . The finite element dynamic model was established and simulated in LS-DYNA and the simulation results showed that under the effect of 800g acceleration, the response time and the contact time of the switch were approximately 0.135ms and 20respectively. Compared with other inertial switch, the designed switch exhibited the higher trigger sensitivity and contact reliability. The micro inertial switch was fabricated using the MEMS bulk micromachining process, including the crucial technology of KOH etching, ICP etching spray coating method and so on. The testing system was designed and the shock testing was selected to test the performance of the switch. The test results showed that when the acceleration reached 800g, about 83% switches could work normally.

Cloud computing is the most anticipated revolution in the computer field. It has the ability to distribute the resource dynamically. According to the needs of the client service, with the lowest cost to solve the computer information processing, it creates hope for the computer technology innovation. But cloud computing has certain vulnerabilities for privacy in the network environment. Because the resource is allocated dynamically, privacy information is easy to be stolen. This paper improves MB-Tree model, gives the ability of protecting customer privacy information dynamically, and establishes the mathematical model and algorithm of dynamic MB-Tree. In order to verify the algorithm, finally we verify the algorithm of MB-Tree model, in which dynamic protection effect of privacy information with different time is up to 98%, protection effect of different data is up to 96%. The privacy information of cloud computing is got better protecting effect.

The principle of an online monitoring and diagnosis system suitable for various kinds of High-voltage Circuit Breakers (HVCB) is presented in the paper. The system consists of distributed data acquisition devices, a communication system based on field bus, and a host based on B/S structure. The research presents the methods to select the main monitoring signals of high-voltage circuit breakers, to acquire data, and to calculate operational feature values, as well as realizes high-speed process to monitoring signals, valid online monitor to high-voltage circuit breakers, and fault diagnosis.

Firstly, three problems encountered in the development of shipbuilding industry were analyzed; secondly, questions in man-hour management relative with enterprise competitiveness were discusses; and then to the welding as an example, the methods of improving the accuracy of man-hour measurement by virtual manufacturing technology were researched; finally summarizes the full text, improvement in the management of the system from top to bottom, at the same time, reserve various method actively at the technical level from bottom to top.

In this article, a voltage equaliser is proposed for a battery string with four Li–Fe batteries. The proposed voltage equaliser is developed from a flyback converter, which comprises a transformer, a power electronic switch and a resonant clamped circuit. The transformer contains a primary winding and four secondary windings with the same number of turns connected to each battery. The resonant clamped circuit is for recycling the energy of leakage inductance of the transformer and for performing zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of the power electronic switch. When the power electronic switch is switched on, the energy is stored in the transformer; and when the power electronic switch is switched off, the energy stored in the transformer will automatically charge the battery whose voltage is the lowest. In this way, the voltage of individual batteries in the battery string is balanced. The salient features of the proposed voltage equaliser are that only one switch is used, the energy stored in the leakage indu...

In order to improve the cooling effect of cable ultraviolet cross-linking irradiation box, the structure of spreader plate, reflector and outlet were improved. Then the 3D solid model of the irradiation box was established and the numerical simulation of turbulent flow field was performed due to the principle of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). On this basis, the flow fields characteristics inside the irradiation box of original and improve programs were analyzed. The results showed that volume air flow of the new program increased by 36.6% and air velocity around the mercury lamp and XLPE cable surface was increased, so the better cooling effect can be achieved in the new program.

In order to analyze dynamical strength reliability of mechanism, in taking the component section sizes, the material strength, the material density and acceleration of gravity as the random variables, and basing on the movement analysis and the dynamical analysis while taking the Assur-Group as the unit, the method of dynamical strength reliability analysis for the crank-rocker mechanism was established. The example was analyzed with using Monte Carlo (MC) method. The result indicates that computing speed of this method is high, precision of this method is high, and it has good universal property. It can be used in scientific research and the engineering practice.

With the development of human space exploration activities, the structures of many spacecrafts tend to be large. Due to the limitation of payload envelope size in the launch vehicles, large space structures must be folded in a limited space, and stretch to the desired configuration after reaching their orbits. Large space structures can be basically classified as assembling structures, expansive structures and deployable structures. Deployable structures are the most widely used, and the rod-shaped space stretching arms are the most widely applied one-dimensional space deployment mechanism. Currently, there are mainly three forms of rod-shaped space stretching arms are used in the field of aerospace: Storable Tubular Extendable Member[1,2], Coilable Mast[3], and hinged-rod stretching arm[4,5]. Hinged-rod stretching arm now becomes the studying focus of rod-shaped deployment mechanism for its precise positioning due to high strength and stiffness and characteristics that is in line with the large-scale spatial structure. The designs of a one-dimensional cable-rod deployment mechanism which is cable-driven based on the contrast of working principle and working characteristics of existing rod-shaped space deployment mechanism, and also some research was studied on its working principle and key technologies.

In this paper, the two main reasons are introduced such as great varying range of echo signal power and pulse signal error, which affect the pulse laser ranging accuracy and analyzed on the base of the pulsed laser range finding method. For them, the methods are provided that the AGC technology in the receiving circuit is adopt to extend the dynamic range of the receiver, and gain the high precision receiving pulse signal by using high-speed voltage comparator. Then the problems of great varying range of echo signals caused by different measuring distance and contacting the timing circuit are resolved efficiently.

Trend prediction is virtually modeling process for dynamic data. The key to prediction is to establish a model in accordance with actual status, then use the model to predict the trend of object, and infer its behavior in future. Two prediction methods are researched to predict the trend on the observed points of the structure in this paper, which are regression prediction method and grey prediction method. The continuous time strain value of a measured point on Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge is used as data sample for researching. The method of regression analysis is applied for predicting the trend of short-term data, and the method of grey model prediction for predicting long-term data. Regression prediction can assess the health status of the structure and obtain the alarm information effectively by comparing the actual monitoring data with the range of forecast interval. Grey prediction method has great advantages when dealing with poor information. By engineering example this study shows the pros and cons of these two methods, and proves that the method of grey model prediction is more suitable of predicting the trend of object in the structural health monitoring system.

This survey firstly reviews motion capture technology and the current challenge associated with the application in virtual human's control area. Secondly simplifies Jack's joint hierarchical model in order to drive Jack's virtual human to move by motion capture data. Thirdly uses Euler angle rotation equation to achieve pose mapping between BVH and Jack. Finally, results from experimentation show that when the motion capture data contained rich human motion details are retargeted to Jack by the paper's algorithms, the real-time interaction between virtual human and environment seems more real.

There are three levels in stability calculating for sway frame. The first level is the traditional effective length method. The second level is the effective length method considering interaction of columns in one story and the third level is the effective length method considering inter-story interaction. The traditional effective length method may lead to unsafe design. Using the concept of equivalent negative stiffness, story stiffness to negative stiffness ratio factor and story support factor were proposed. Through the story stiffness to negative stiffness ratio factor, the weak-story and the inter-story support relationship can be found. Then, a formula for calculating the elastic stability capacity of sway frame is proposed, by which the inter-column interaction and inter-story interaction can be considered, and the finite element buckling analysis for stability capacity can be avoided. Through the stability capacity, the column effective length can be calculated. The results show that this simple calculation method has good precision and accuracy, can be used for engineering design and theoretical calculations.

Experiment on bearing capacity of 24 Q460 high strength angle steel for compression members attached by one leg shows: the ultimate bearing capacity of the experiment value are higher than the calculated of the “Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structures” (ASCE10-1997), on the same section in different slenderness ratio of components, the larger slenderness ratio, the higher the ratio; while on the same slenderness ratio in different sections, the greater width-thickness radio, the greater the ratio. Based on this problem, analyzing the current standard, a set of formulas based on high-strength angle struts connected by single Limb was brought, which can used for the design of the Q460 high-strength angle.

The steel roof of main palaestra of the World University Games is a long span space structure of single-layer fold face reticulated shells. The space positioning installation of members of this structure is very difficult, and the control accuracy is very high. In order to improving the installation accuracy of this space structure during the construction, a method named bulk-way assembly technology at high altitude with multi-points supporting had been adopted. After the closure of the steel roof structure the temporary supporting jigs began to be uploaded. During this process the supporting jigs quit work gradually and the main structure began to carry the load. Different uploading way will make different influence for the main structure and supporting jigs during the uploading process. These have to be considered in the structural design and construction stage. This article adopts construction mechanics and FEA method to analyze the uploading procedures according to the real construction process in order to finding the actual internal force and deformation and ensuring the security of the structure and supporting jigs. Lots of results have been obtained as guidelines in theory for the design and construction.

At present, according to Code for Design of Steel Structures（GB50017—2003）,for axially loaded column with plated column base, the column bases are considered as hinged supports, but possess actually remarkable rotational restraint. The effective length of columns can be decreased when the constraint function of plated column base is considered in calculation. The calculation of effective length factor of columns is usually according to the approximate formula which is deduced by the rotational stiffness. Axially loaded column plated column base models were established with the finite element software, the effective length factor of columns was obtained by the method which can avoid calculating rotational stiffness of plated column bases, the influence factors on the rotational restraint of axially loaded column plated column base, such as the base plate thickness, the diameter of anchors, the column section size were also analyzed in this paper.

In construction of the steel roof a computer-controlled lifting construction technology was adopted. It differed from other similar projects in some points. First, the steel roof had large area, long-span and huge weight; next, the structure form in lifting process differed from the design status; at last, the deformation of steel roof in lifting process could not been ignored. If these characteristics could not been considered in lifting process, it maybe bring large project accident. So in this article the finite element model of the structure in the lifting status had been rebuilt. Considering the displacement difference the lifting process had been analyzed. By the analysis the influence of the displacement difference of the lifting points could be found out. Comparing with the value of the construction measure the finite element model could be validated and corrected. The conclusions of research could be used by the similar construction.

In this paper, a novel MEMS inertial switch is designed and characterized for the purpose of crash sensing for ammunition systems in which high-speed response is required for triggering the detonator. In order to keep the same sensitivity in different direction, the structure of an annular proof-mass suspended by four serpentine flexures is designed. The switch can be integrated with electronics, fast-acting，and lack of a requirement for continuous power, and can be used in a wide area. The motion of the inertial switch is analyzed by dynamic simulation under the 700g threshold acceleration in y direction, the simulation results show that the response time is 0.142ms and the contact time of the switch is about 5 , it illustrates that the response time is short enough and the impact time satisfy the ask. The von-mises stress of the structure is calculate, the maximum stress occurs in the serpentine flexures, the value is 60.61 MPa, much less than the yield strength of the silicon, the switch can be used time after time.

We have theoretically discussed the resonance modes in a two-dimensional photonic multiple quantum wells structure (QWs) consists of one photonic crystal with square lattice of parallel dielectric circular columns in air and some layers of columns are removed at constant intervals. The generation and frequency split of resonance modes are observed and explained with tight-binding approach. The effect of the interaction distance on the frequency split is also discussed.

We show theoretically that the optical absorption of one-dimensional metallic photonic bandgap (MPBG) materials, which consist of alternating Ag and MgF2 layers, can be substantially enhanced by modifying the structure properly through decreasing the thickness of top MgF2 layer to half and increasing the thickness of bottom Ag layer to fivefold. Using transfer matrix method, absorption spectra and the electric field distribution profiles are numerically calculated. The absorption spectrum under reverse-direction incidence is also investigated. Based on strong and direction-dependent absorption properties, the proposed MPBG structure could allow many potential applications such as unique photothermal absorbing materials.