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The last 30 years have seen a revolution in the provision of minimal access surgery for many conditions, and technological advances are increasing exponentially. Many instruments are superseded by improved versions before the NHS and publicly funded health services can offer widespread coverage. Although we tend to think of minimal access surgery as a modern concept, Parts I and II of this series have shown that there is a 5000-year history to this specialty and our predecessors laid down many principles which still apply today. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, minimal access surgery was driven forward by visionary individuals, often in the face of opposition from colleagues and the medical establishment. However, in the last 30 years, innovation has been driven more in partnerships between healthcare, scientific, financial, educational and charitable organisations. There are far too many individuals involved to detail every contribution here, but this third part of the series will concentrate on some of the important themes in the development of minimal access surgery to its current status.

The covid-19 virus pandemic in Indonesia has been taking place since February 2020, which almost knocked out all sectors of the economy, industry, trade and human mentality. Data as of April 13, 2020 shows that the number of people in Indonesia contaminated with the covid-19 virus totals 4557 people, with the number of deaths of 399 people and patients cured reached 380 people (Source detik.com). From this data, the Government of Indonesia enacts and urges all people to stay at home or Stay at Home. With the program to stay at home, many people do all activities from home from work, study, worship done at home together with family. The implementation of staying at home from March 13, 2020 until now makes some people feel saturated, can't wait to stay at home so that many people are not disciplined in doing this program and still do regular activities in the midst of the covid-19 pandemic. The impact of impatience, indiscipline and disorderly behavior is what results in the number of contaminated sufferers every day is increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to socialize about the understanding that should be done especially by every Muslim in the face of the covid-19 pandemic disaster. The method used is to make a video of da'wah containing a short message about patience in the face of disasters that last approximately 3 minutes and upload it online then share the online link through the group in Whatsapp group. The hope of this devotion program is that the community, especially Muslims, will be encouraged and self-conscious to be able to stay at home until the End of the covid-19 pandemic. The results of this program after the video message was uploaded through Youtube then disseminated through Whatsapp group and watched approximately 150 times there are 25 people responded by sending a comment message to this video and 25 people will try to remain patient in the face of the test and implement government programs to stay home until the pandemic outbreak subsides.

The proliferation of enterprise social media generates an ever-growing record of digital traces that provides ample opportunities to study the social making of organisations. Subsequently, we present the social fabric framework, which comprises a structured five-step approach for eliciting, interpreting, and representing the situated social idiosyncrasies and underlying patterns of the social making of organisations. The paper focuses on the application of the social fabric framework as a research method. However, the framework also lends itself to practice as a diagnostic tool that can detect emergent changes in the social fabric of an organisation as well as support organisational development and change. Moreover, by providing a vocabulary for articulating the social making of organisations, the framework can help organisation members reify their dispositions, make sense of the social dynamics, and enable a constructive discussion at the grassroots level about any controversy or aspiration.

The rise of the digital society is accompanied by incalculable social risks, but very little IS research has examined the implications of the new digital society. Drawing on concepts from Beck’s critical theory of the risk society and critical discourse analysis, this study examines the public discourse on risk events during the launch of NemID, a personal digital identifier for Danish citizens. This research illustrates our difficulties and challenges in managing some of the fundamental social risks from societal digitalisation. Limited institutional capabilities for digital technologies force public officials to depend on private companies motived by profit instead of the public interest. Beliefs in digital technology as the primary determinant of social and economic progress also present many public management dilemmas. When digital risk events occur and citizens’ fears are stoked by news media and public discourse, public officials seem to have no other strategy for managing the escalating fears than systematically distorted communication. The continued rise of the digital risk society demands that IS research respond to the challenge of generating knowledge for its public management.

Social innovation (SI) research tends to understand rural SI processes as collective initiatives of equally engaged, supportive, and like-minded people. However, recent research has indicated that SI projects often benefit from dedicated key players who find support in their communities but also must deal with resistance and barriers. Against this backdrop, this article explores the figure of the key player in SI research and exposes the patterns of rural SI processes with the empirical cases of two small communities in Germany that jointly created rural infrastructure systems, thus seeking emancipation from remote political and economic control and marginalization. Using the empirical cases, we tested and specified a heuristic framework of key players that combines analytical dimensions at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels. According to our findings, the heuristic framework is appropriate for analyzing key players in rural SI processes. Notably, we show that SI processes benefit from assertive key players and strong communities capable of joint action. Both are crucial for dealing with internal opposition and overcoming external hurdles that appear when novel approaches irritate familiar solutions and routines.

Study Design: Survey study. Objective: Facial vascularized composite allotransplantation (FVCA) can cost over 1 million dollars per procedure and is usually not covered by insurance, yet this financial burden and public opinion surrounding this procedure are not well understood. This study is the first to evaluate the layperson’s opinions on the allocation of financial responsibility for FVCA and its inclusion in organ donation registries. Methods: Eight hundred and fifteen laypersons were surveyed through MTurk to assess their agreement with 11 statements about FVCA perceptions, funding, and inclusion on organ donation registries. Responses were analyzed with the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Dunn’s test. Results: The majority of respondents were supportive of FVCA in 10 out of 11 statements ( P < 0.0001). They would be willing to undergo FVCA if they suffered from facial disfigurement; believe FVCA is as important as other organ transplants; believe faces should be included on the organ donation registry; support insurance companies providing coverage for FVCA regardless of trauma etiology; support tax dollars funding the procedure; and believe FVCA improves physical appearance and quality of life. Although respondents generally supported their tax dollars funding the procedure, fewer supported this for self-inflicted trauma ( P > 0.01). Conclusions: This study highlights a disconnect between public preference for insurance coverage of FVCA and current lack of coverage in practice. Respondents’ acceptance of including faces in organ donation registries may help alleviate the issue of locating a donor, and increasing financial coverage may broaden this procedure’s accessibility to a wider range of individuals.

Making public health data easier to access, understand, and use makes it more likely that the data will be influential. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene’s Web-based data communication became a cornerstone of NYC’s response and allowed the public, journalists, and researchers to access and understand the data in a way that supported the pandemic response and brought attention to the deeply unequal patterns of COVID-19’s morbidity and mortality in NYC. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(S3):S193–S196. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306446 )

The well-being and mental health of principals is being threatened by changing working conditions such as a broader variety of roles and tasks. In this article, we argue that social capital might buffer against declining (mental) health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential influence of social capital, including both internal (bonding) and external (bridging and linking) social capital, on principals’ well-being. A longitudinal study was set up across three waves of data. Questionnaires were collected from 2084 Australian principals and 829 Irish principals, across six and two timepoints, respectively. The hypotheses were tested using a longitudinal path model approach using maximum likelihood estimation in lavaan for R. In line with our hypotheses, the results indicated that principals who reported higher levels of either internal or external social capital also reported higher levels of well-being. More specifically, support from colleagues outside the school and supervisor support (external social capital) and collaboration and trust in management (internal social capital) predicted well-being positively across time. The results of this study highlight the importance of having social support from colleagues and supervisors and possibilities for collaboration to maintain well-being as a school principal.

Enacting occupational values is vitally important to expert professionals’ solidarity and sense of purpose. Yet, many professionals face audiences in their relational contexts—especially powerful c...

I would like to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to my thesis advisor, Dr. Yasser Gadallah, for his tremendous support in completing this research work. I remember every piece of advice in our meetings and discussions that always built a strong and solid foundation for the thesis in particular and for my research skills in general. It is also worth mentioning the endless support of my academic advisor and the master’s program director, Dr. Maki Habib, for his exerted efforts to facilitate and grant the financial assistance that was a broad base of support to complete my study in the RCSS program. In addition, I am so grateful for the time spent in his labs where I learned many practical and professional concepts and methods in teaching and conducting research through my work as a teaching and research assistant under his guidance and supervision. My special and sincere thank you also goes to my dear colleague, Heba Kadry, for her continued moral support and encouragement throughout the years of working on my thesis. I remember when we spent hours discussing the challenges of the thesis or even the complicated coursework and how these discussions ended with a significant push to stand and move forward towards achieving my academic potential. Finally and foremost, many thanks to the great deal of support and assistance that grant me the completion of this thesis work and my master’s degree.

Objective The presence of the COVID-19 and racism pandemics underscored the need for a basic model of advocacy for psychologists and budding psychologists. We offer a new model of action to be easily replicated, particularly during times of crisis, with aims to impact change locally and beyond the therapeutic space. Method The D.C. Psychological Association (DCPA) actively responded to the double pandemics of COVID-19. Using a posthoc qualitative analysis four steps were identified: organizing, providing support and education, and engaging in advocacy (O-SEA Approach), which all centered the specific skill set of psychologists and psychologists-in-training. Results Measures of success included the following: increased membership and engagement of members, development of relevant programming to providers and the community, community attendance of events, statements indicating knowledge gained by providers, new connections with local organizations and officials, and local legislative change. Conclusions The O-SEA Approach provides a framework for local advocacy that can empower psychologists to contribute their expertise in tangible and impactful ways. This model seeks justice for all people through elevating the voices of the unjustly marginalized, providing support and education to mental health providers and the community, and advocating for policy that is grounded in culturally relevant research. The O-SEA Approach can be successful in these aspirations and be applied in communities across the nation. Clinical Impact Statement: The permanence of racism in the United States is evident throughout history when examining America's social, economic, and political systems. Racism's reverberations are present locally, in the nation's capital, through its policing techniques and gentrification, among other insidious manifestations. COVID-19's global impact has been reported to have particularly deleterious effects on Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) through impacting housing, food, and income security while simultaneously underscoring the lack of access to health resources. This demanded a response by mental health professionals. Consequently, the D.C. Psychological Association made efforts to organize, support, educate, and advocate for the local community through what is called the O-SEA Approach. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Whereas advocates point to benefits of employing people with disabilities for organizations, employers’ concern over negative customer reactions is still a barrier to the employment of people with ...

Objective: The difficulty of asking questions to each other during the appointment process with their doctor, the long waiting times of the patients in the waiting rooms in the clinics, and the fact that it is easier to get medical information on the internet due to the ongoing COVID-19 virus infection. Porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs) have been frequently used to restore anterior teeth for nearly three decades, thanks to their aesthetic appeal, durability and biocompatibility.Methods: YouTube™ was searched by a researcher of this study using the keyword 'laminate veneer' on April 17, 2021. The most frequently used terms in this regard are 'laminate veneer' and 'laminate veneer restoration'. Analyzes were made on the Instagram application, along with YouTube.Results: Thirty-three videos were determined on YouTube™ on the topic of laminate veneer. The mean number of the views was 46277.84 ± 128674.71, with the minimum view as ten and maximum as 682478. The videos had a mean duration of 5:48 ± 4:64 with a range of 0:24–14:55. The mean number of "likes" for each video was 198 ± 424, and the mean number of "dislikes" was 17 ± 48. The most-liked video received 1700 "likes." The most-disliked video received 236"dislikes." The mean number of comments was 13.65 ± 31.58. The interaction rate was 1.67 ± 5.18, and the viewing rate was 2939.11 ± 6076.75Conclusion: YouTube™ and Instagram still cannot be accepted as a completely confident resource of knowledge for patients who want to learn about oral aesthetic rehabilitation treatment with laminate veneers

This study aimed to know factors influencing the voting preferences of the Millennial generations during the 2019 Philippine National Election. According to the official social media of the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), more than 61.8 million voters for the election belonged to the Millennial generation. Using a questionnaire survey, this study measured and correlated the respondents' profile, Candidate's Attribute, Endorsement Method, Platform and Campaign Strategy, and top ten characteristics of the candidates. These variables were all surveyed, tallied, and analyzed. The survey involved 138 college students who participated in the Voter’s Education Program led by COMELEC Taguig. This study reveals that the top three characteristics that the respondents wanted to see in a candidate are: not corrupt, wise, and a Godly person. In the future, this study can be replicated in a larger population of Millennials. It can be a great avenue of change in the political atmosphere of the Philippines. Finally, this study could bring new inspirations to those aspiring to run for public offices.

Occupational safety and health situations are poorer in India than the world standard resulting in a proportionately higher number of hazards. 16.4% of global occupational hazards are faced by the workers in Indian construction sector that constitutes only 7.5% of world labor force. This paper deals with a review of occupational safety of construction workers in India. The study identifies major challenges and issues and discusses possible solutions. The findings through review of literature has been substantiated by primary data collected through a questionnaire survey. The results indicate that lack of proper communication, non-use of personal protective equipment, wrong postures of work and work activities, lack of training, psychological factors such as stress and burnout, lack of safety orientation and culture, and issues lying in compliance of appropriate legislation are major challenges for safety. The study discusses frequent awareness and training, focusing on workplace ergonomics, facilitating flow of information and monitoring at worksite, developing safety thinking in management, enhancing workplace support practices and workplace spirituality as possible solutions to these challenges. The findings will guide the government agencies as well as organizational authorities and supervisors of construction sites to improve occupational safety.

The demand for entrepreneurship to become more prevalent in societies worldwide highlights the need to better understand entrepreneurial intentions (EI). This is particularly important for African nations characterised by significant poverty and low income. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) this paper explores potential predictors of these intentions in two countries that differ considerably in their economic situation and culture. It chiefly focuses on SEI as socially desired, yet still unexplored phenomenon. The current study differentiates between social (SEI) and commercial (CEI) entrepreneurial intentions and explores their antecedents among university students in Namibia (n = 223) and Germany (n = 1326). The results suggest that TPB only poorly predicts SEI, particularly in Namibia. However, they support universally positive effect of perceived behavioural control on formation of CEI in both countries. This study contributes to emerging research into antecedents of SEI. It also highlights the need to test exploratory power of recognised theories such as TPB within different contexts and types of entrepreneurial activity.

This paper untangles the complex realities of Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights education in Uganda based on a Participatory Action Research with staff and volunteers of an NGO. A detailed portrait is offered of the dilemmas faced by the team around value-contradictions in this culturally sensitive domain, the complex nature of change, programme targets and community expectations. Through double loop learning methodology, the Team reflected on their own mental models and strategies used in dealing with these dilemmas and reframed their action theories towards more effective collaboration with learners and community members. The research process and outcomes illustrate the transformative power of reflection and double loop learning; resulting in practical guidance for education NGOs facing dilemmas in community collaboration.

When it comes to utilizing or harnessing human capital for any organization, it becomes very important to know the management science behind HRM. Intellectual capital, technology, globalization, profitability via expansion and change are all major business problems that companies are presently experiencing. These problems need companies to collaborate to create new skills, and human resource management is in charge of doing so. It assists companies in addressing competitive difficulties by acting as a leader. HR professionals have lost their stereotype of monitoring policies and enforcing rules. HR professionals are now held accountable for their employees’ engagement and dedication to the company, as well as motivating people to participate and take ownership. It’s no longer a relic of the past. It has evolved from a little reactive image to a much larger canvas. The new management of human resources is triggered by bringing the organization’s management together with the workers, resulting in a merger of the person’s and the organization’s reservoirs of knowledge, culminating in the joint victory of both. Global competitiveness may be accomplished not only by using updated technology and facilities but also by encouraging workers to adhere to international standards in an efficient and effective manner. Human resources specialists in every firm on the global stage have the goal to influence the business world; HR is currently in a paradigm change, and its role as a support function, relied on to assist others and to recruit and dismiss from businesses, is quickly fading. Human resources are taking a proactive role in addressing globalization’s issues. It brings about change and enhances people’s abilities to learn and cooperate, as well as handle variety, ambiguity, and complexity. The study and comparison of the perceptions of corporate workers, management faculty, and management students in an effort to understand the role of HRM in developing national talent for global success.

The construction industry is the most significant occupational contributor to suicide rates worldwide. This is credited to strenuous working conditions, lack of awareness in mental health culture, but more so, that help-seeking is seen as a weakness. This study aims to investigate the role of the construction project manager in creating a culture of suicide prevention on-site. This is achieved through delving into the principles of culture creation within differing industries, with adaptations for construction managers, through a comparative analysis of culture creation literature. Twenty-two interviews with employees are undertaken. Representative data gathered are analysed and presented, to highlight the levels of knowledge, barriers and proposed solutions, for construction project managers. Results are broken down into ‘awareness of and openness to discussing suicide prevention’, ‘barriers to the adoption of suicide-prevention measures’ and ‘proposed solutions to the adoption of suicide-prevention measures’. The interviews give an insight into the acceptance of the need for stronger mental health support structures, without necessarily any regard for the method of their implementation. The originality and subsequent value in the research are the proposed use of construction project managers as the conduit in beginning to address and, as a result, develop a culture of suicide prevention on-site.

As part of the Measurement Approaches to Partnership Success study, we investigated the relationship between benefits and costs of participation in long-standing community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnerships using social exchange theory as a theoretical framework. Three major findings were identified: (a) the concept of benefits and costs operating as a ratio, where individual benefits must outweigh costs for participation, applies to early stages of CBPR partnership formation; (b) as CBPR partnerships develop, the benefits and costs of participation include each other’s needs and the needs of the group as a whole; and (c) there is a shift in the relationship of benefits and costs over time in long-standing CBPR partnerships, in which partners no longer think in terms of costs but rather investments that contribute to mutual benefits.

The COVID-19 pandemic and its social and health impact have underscored the need for a new strategic science agenda for public health. To optimize public health impact, high-quality strategic science addresses scientific gaps that inform policy and guide practice. At least 6 scientific gaps emerge from the US experience with COVID-19: health equity science, data science and modernization, communication science, policy analysis and translation, scientific collaboration, and climate science. Addressing these areas within a strategic public health science agenda will accelerate achievement of public health goals. Public health leadership and scientists have an unprecedented opportunity to use strategic science to guide a new era of improved and equitable public health.

Background Announced in March 2016 and implemented in April 2018, the UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy (SDIL) aims to incentivise the reformulation of soft drinks. The SDIL has successfully decreased the amount of sugar in UK soft drinks, and purchased in soft drinks. Consequently, the SDIL has been widely applauded as a policy success. SSB taxation in other countries, however, has not been as successful and in some cases the policy was retracted. We aimed to develop an understanding of why the SDIL was deemed successful by analysing parliamentary debate two years before its announcement until two years post-implementation (2014–2020). Methods Searches of Hansard were conducted for parliamentary debate transcripts discussing the SDIL across three key time periods: Pre-Announcement (01/01/14–15/03/16), Announcement – Implementation (16/03/16–5/04/18), and Post-Implementation (6/04/18–16/03/20). 218 transcripts containing eligible search terms were identified, and 179 included in the analysis after screening for relevance. Applied thematic analysis was conducted in 5 stages: familiarisation and creation of initial codebooks, independent second coding, codebook finalisation through team consensus, final coding of the dataset to the complete codebook and theme finalisation through team consensus. Results Common issues raised in discussions across the timeline were: the ring-fencing of SDIL funds for pro-social causes, the scale of the health problems associated with excess sugar consumption, and the role of celebrities in making the SDIL a high profile issue. MPs acknowledged that the SDIL is not a ‘silver bullet’ for obesity prevention: it was positioned as either a ‘good start’ with other interventions required or that other interventions were needed instead. Distinct themes were that, due to early reformulation, the SDIL was discussed as ‘having worked’ one year prior to implementation. This notion persisted until the end of the timeline. These themes will be further refined to identify temporal patterns and trends. Additional results will be submitted before the June 28th deadline. Population Health Relevance The SDIL is unique: it is a flagship policy for the UK Childhood Obesity Strategy and has cross-party support. Understanding why and how the SDIL made it onto the statutes, and why it was politically successful is vital for using policy instruments to improve population health in future. This work will aid understanding of the parliamentary process surrounding the SDIL, and could provide insight for those wishing to extend the SDIL to other products or implement SSB taxes elsewhere.

As organizations increasingly view information as one of their most valuable assets, which supports the creation and distribution of their products and services, information security will be an integral part of the design and operation of organizational business processes. Yet, risks associated with cyber attacks are on the rise. Organizations that are subjected to attacks can suffer significant reputational damage as well as loss of information and knowledge. As a consequence, effective leadership is cited as a critical factor for ensuring corporate level attention for information security. However, there is a lack of empirical understanding as to the roles strategic leaders play in shaping and supporting the cyber security strategy. This study seeks to address this gap in the literature by focusing on how senior leaders support the cyber security strategy. The authors conducted a series of exploratory interviews with leaders in the positions of Chief Information Officer, Chief Security Information Officer, and Chief Technology Officer. The findings revealed that leaders are engaged in both transitional, where the focus is on improving governance and integration, and transformational support, which involves fostering a new cultural mindset for cyber resiliency and the development of an ecosystem approach to security thinking. Managerial relevance statement Our findings provide interesting insights for managers particularly those in the role of Chief Information Officers (CIOs), Chief Security Information Officers (CSIOs), and Chief Technology Officers (CTOs). We propose a Cyber Security Strategy Framework (CSSF) which can be used by these information/technology managers to design an effective organizational strategy to develop cyber resilience in their organization. Our framework suggests that managers should focus on transitional and transformational support. The transitional support focuses on improving governance and integration whereas transformational support focuses on the emphasis of fostering a new cultural mindset for cyber resiliency and the development of an ecosystem approach to security thinking. Our findings provide good evidence showing how leaders can support more effective cyber security initiatives.

Activists increasingly seek to influence organizations that also espouse support for social movement goals, encouraging the use of collaborative tactics. While there has been growing research on in...

How do senior managers of social mission-driven organizations build and sustain stakeholders’ emotional resonance with organizational identity beliefs over time in the face of repeated existential ...

In recent years, cyber-racketeering has become a prevalent means of cyberattack, severely jeopardizing nations, organizations, and individual users. However, because previous research has been focused on individual crimes, insider security threats, and compliance, the serious consequences of organized cybercrimes have received little attention. To investigate organized cyber-racketeering, we explore how organized cybercriminals apply organizational techniques to systematically commit cyberattack on individuals and businesses. Based on 80 court cases of successfully prosecuted cybercrimes, this article is one of the first to scientifically examine organized crime syndicates that are engaged in cyber-racketeering. We use the grounded theory approach to investigate organized cyber-racketeering. To ensure the scientific rigor and realism of this study, we examine these court cases to develop a process theory based on the results of interpretive and iterative analyses conducted from multiple perspectives on organized cyber-racketeering. We establish a framework for organized cyber-racketeering to shed light on its characteristics and the crucial role of Internet technology (IT) in the implementation and operation of cyber-racketeering activities. The proposed framework consists of motive, organization, learning and development, and execution. This article contributes both to enhancing the understanding of how organized cybercriminals operate and profit from cyber-racketeering using information and communications technology (ICT) and to improving countermeasures that may be taken by practitioners.

The continuing internationalization of business education offers MBA students a unique cross-cultural environment in which to develop their business acumen. This pluralistic context can produce unc...

This article reconstructs the shifting uses of local concepts of “informality“ (nǫk rabop) over the last 35 years in the streets of Bangkok, with a particular attention to the birth of the motorcycle taxi business in the 1980s, its development after the 1997 economic crisis, and its transformation since the arrival of ride-hailing apps in 2016. Based on more than 10 years of qualitative and quantitative research with motorcycle taxi drivers, state officials, city planners and everyday users in Bangkok, this archaeology of informality expand on contemporary theorizations of informality as a logic of planning, a heuristic device, and a practice. I do so by focusing on the highly relational, contingent, and ultimately contested nature of informality, the role of non-state actors in shaping it and, the performative power of informality as a categorical label. In this sense, I propose a double conceptualization of informality: on one side as an ever-shifting relationship between established and codified practices (whether regarding land, labor, property rights, or everyday actions), a governmental and legal system, and people who control and interact with these practices; on the other, as a label, often deployed tactically by actors trying to make sense and make do with the world around them. In this duality between a shifting set of relationships and an almost intuitive and referential label that allow for categorical assessments resides, I show, the central efficacy of “informality” as a concept good to think with, to govern with, and to resist with.

Family-based CBT has been shown to be effective in controlled settings for an array of youth mental health difficulties, yet disparities in treatment engagement and outcomes across culturally diverse groups remain. In practice, cultural minority families are less likely to reap the demonstrated benefits of supported programs. Although there have been tremendous advances in case conceptualization, leading models have largely ignored cultural factors, contributing to observed disparities. The present paper reviews recent advances in science-informed case conceptualization and highlights how such advances nonetheless have failed to provide guidance on systematically incorporating cultural formulation into assessment and treatment planning. We then build upon Christon et al. (2015) useful 5-stage model of science-based case conceptualization in an effort to move the field toward culturally informed case conceptualization. We highlight how leveraging cultural assessment—such as with the use of the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI)—can facilitate the incorporation of cultural factors into each of the five stages of science-based case conceptualization. A case example is utilized to illustrate key opportunities for strategically incorporating relevant information gleaned from the CFI into culturally responsive care with youth and families.

Target audience:What Works Centres; other intermediary brokerage agencies; their funders and users; and researchers of research use. Background:Knowledge brokerage and knowledge mobilisation (KM) are generic terms used to describe activities to enable the use of research evidence to inform policy, practice and individual decision making. Knowledge brokerage intermediary (KBI) initiatives facilitate such use of research evidence. This debate paper argues that although the work of KBIs is to enable evidence-informed decision making (EIDM), they may not always be overt and consistent in how they follow the principles of EIDM in their own practice. Key points for discussion:Drawing on examples from existing brokerage initiatives, four areas are suggested where KBIs could be more evidence-informed in their work: (1) needs analysis: evidence-informed in their analysis of where and how the KBI can best contribute to the existing evidence ecosystem; (2) methods and theories of change: evidence-informed in the methods that the KBI uses to achieve its goals; (3) evidence standards: credible standards for making evidence claims; and (4) evaluation and monitoring: evidence-informed evaluation of their own activities and contribution to the knowledge base on evidence use. For each of these areas, questions are suggested for considering the extent that the principles are being followed in practice. Conclusions and implications:KBIs work with evidence but they may not always be evidence-informed in their practice. KBIs could benefit from more overtly attending to the extent that they apply the logic of EIDM to how they work. In doing so, KBIs can advance both the study, and practice, of using research evidence to inform decision making.

This review and discussion focused on surveys and reports regarding the rate of foreign language acquisition and attainment within national compulsory education systems, academic analyses of the results obtained, and national programmes and initiatives designed to address the shortcomings revealed in them. The proposed reasons for lower-than-expected acquisition and attainment in foreign language learning within countries including the European Union, Colombia, Vietnam and Ecuador were reviewed in detail. These reasons, and the measures undertaken as a result to remedy these flaws, were evaluated through a comparison with recent academic research relating to these factors, and through com- parison between the different experiences revealed in the surveys and reports. These comparisons found that some of the measures undertaken were fit for purpose and were likely to yield some improvements in acquisition rate, although to a lesser extent than those projected by some of the national programmes, while identifying some aspects which have been overlooked. The conclusion highlighted in which aspects of the teaching and learning of foreign languages requires greater focus is needed in order to effect the desired changes.

Litigation avoidance, union avoidance, and human resource strategies have been identified for a long time as drivers for the adoption of specific conflict management strategies and Alternative Disp...

Strategic consensus has long been held by academics and managers alike as crucial for organizational effectiveness. Yet, studies have failed to consistently demonstrate this importance. These equiv...

In online peer-to-peer fundraising, individual fundraisers, acting on behalf of nonprofit organizations, mobilize their social networks using social media to request donations. Whereas existing studies focus on networks of donors to explain success, we examine the role of the networks of fundraisers and their effect on fundraising outcomes. By drawing on social capital and network theories, we investigate how social capital derived from social media networks and fundraising groups explains individual fundraising success. Using the Movember health campaign on Twitter as an empirical context, we find that fundraising success is associated with a moderate level of centrality in social media networks and moderate group network size. In addition, we find that fundraisers interact only marginally on social media but prefer to connect with each other outside these platforms and engage in group fundraising. Our article contributes to research on fundraising and social networks and provides recommendations for practice.

In knowledge-based organizations, conflict among interdependent occupations can be exacerbated by the absence of a clear hierarchical ordering of these occupations within the organization. Moreover...

School managers, teachers, students, as well as their parents are faced with increasingly frequent attempts to integrate the diversity of pupils as a result of integration policies at national and European level. Educational needs of impaired persons require special attention. Is necessary to make steps should be taken to ensure access to education for each category of disabled person as part of the education system. Legislative framework in the field of special education Romania takes into account the legislation created by the international bodies on the education of persons with special educational needs, to which Romania has adhered. This paper presents aspects regarding the organization of educational support services dedicated to children, students and young people with special educational needs in mainstream schools in accordance with Romanian law; it also underlines the international legal framework of reference.This paper is part of a wider project that focuses on teacher training to optimize the integration of SEN pupils into the mainstream school; we used data collection methods, such as social document study and focus-group. An integrated and tailored approach is needed for children with SEN (special educational needs); focus-groups organized with primary school and gymnasium children, as well as with support teachers, revealed a number of adaptation issues from both sides (pupils with SEN and students with no problems). On the other hand, the itinerant teachers are assaulted by a series organization problems and it becomes impossible to provide support and assistance to children with special needs who are growing in numbers.Training of teachers is one of the most important pillars in the integration of all those involved in education, it is the way to optimize service organizations. Teacher training must respond to the real and complex needs of the beneficiaries, based on exploratory learning.In the final, will be presented and analyzed the main important problems faced by both teachers and pupils in the current educational context. Keywords: special education, educational needs, integration policies, children, teachers

Influenced by digital technologies, the cost of media production has considerably decreased, and the traditional media is faced with new agile, flexible and low-cost media entrepreneurs. This article examines the dynamics of the Iraqi media market transformation with an emphasis on factors that help to merge media entrepreneurs and digital media firms that target an audience on social media. A qualitative method was adopted in this study using open, in-depth interviews with nineteen media entrepreneurs and three managers of media firms. The study revealed that relative freedom and advanced communication technologies have encouraged media entrepreneurs to drive the new media on producing short videos and broadcast them on social media, which has become popular among media consumers. This new era in Iraqi media entrepreneurship has created an abstract space in which media entrepreneurs get involved in the media market, collaborate with international media and deliver values through the use of user-generated content and flexible journalism. This opportunity is shaped by three key interrelated factors: first, the relative freedom of journalism that resulted from the political environment, current regulations and advanced communication technologies that provide more space of freedom; second, the development of communication technologies that allow journalists and media entrepreneurs to employ the media market effectively; third, the emergence of media entrepreneurs themselves who are convinced to seize the opportunities presented by the two previous factors.

Health social movements are collective campaigns to bring about change in medical and public health policy, beliefs, research, and practice. In American society, social movements attempt to influence healthcare at many levels. At the macro level, movements historically have mobilized a range of interest groups and moral and political values both to advocate and forestall national health insurance and to modify existing programs, such as Medicare, Medicaid, and Veteran's healthcare benefits. Social movements also develop around alternative specializations and different systems of diagnosis and treatment, seeking to reshape professions, organizations, and modes of service delivery. Health-related collective action that addresses the way we think about, understand, and experience disease is also pervasive in American society; movements use and create emotions, identities, and ways of framing health issues to politicize the illness experience. Finally, larger social movements in the United States concerned with inequalities of race, gender, ethnicity, class, and sexuality target medical power and authority, campaigning for equal access and health equity. Keywords: gay and lesbian studies; sociology of the body; gender; identity politics; social issues; Northern America

Social movements organize people, resources, and ideas for social change. Many do this through formal organizations—often called social movement organizations (SMOs). The concept of a social movement organization is trickier than it may initially seem, since it depends on defining a “social movement” and specifying its relevant set of organizations. Though scholars have defined social movements in a variety of ways, we draw on Snow (2004) to provisionally define social movements as collectivities seeking social change at least partly outside of institutionalized politics. Similarly, though various definitions of organizations have been offered, we view organizations as goal-directed, boundary-maintaining groups, typically with some degree of formal structure. Keywords: bureaucracy; institutionalization; resource mobilization