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We describe criteria for choosing Cesarean section to treat dystocia, and identify factors that appeared to influence the success of Cesarean section in Iraqi Awassi ewes under clinical condition. The study was conducted on 276 ewes presented for dystocia during the lambing seasons from 1985 to 1990. Out of 130 (47%) ewes assigned to undergo Cesarean section, 65 (50%) had ringwomb, while oversized fetus, emphysematous fetus, fetal monsters and hydroallantois accounted for 37 (28%), 16 (13%), 10 (7%) and 2 (1%) of the ewes, respectively. Primiparous and 2-year old ewes (54%) as well as ewes carrying singletons (53%) were assigned to surgery more frequently than multiparous ewes over 2 Y of age carrying twins. Ewes that delivered male lambs underwent surgery more frequently than those with female lambs (63 vs 37%). The maternal survival rate was 95% while after 86% of the surgeries the ewes had an uncomplicated recovery and conceived in the following estrus. Based on this case study, Cesarean section appears to be a safe and successful procedure for management of dystocia in Iraqi Awassi ewes.

Caesarean section (C.S.) was performed on 110 clinical cases of dystocia in Damascus and Black Iraqi goats referred to the Obstetric Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Iraq, during the kidding periods of 1985 to 1990. The incidence of animals treated with C.S. in relation to the total number of dystocia was 42.8% ( 110 257 ). C.S. was most common in primiparous does (61.8%) and 2-year olds (61.8%). The most common indications of C.S. in does were incomplete cervical dilatation (63.6%), oversized fetus (28.1%), vaginal prolapse (5.4%), fetal monsters (1.8%) and hernia (0.9%). A high success rate (96.3%), with good prognosis, was obtained in this study. Does having male kids appeared to be more likely to require C.S. (70.5%) than those having female kids (29.4%). Kid survival rate was 65.2%. Results showed that C.S. was the safest method of treatment for caprine dystocia if it was performed as early as possible.

An eight years old cow in last month of gestation was presented by its owner to the clinic of Veterinary Medicine College, University of Mosul. The cow was suffering from a complicated case of vaginal and cervical prolapse. The complication included tearing of the vaginal floor and herniation of the urinary bladder through the tearing of vagina. The cow was treated under the caudal epidural anesthesia. Firstly the herniated urinary bladder was emptied and replaced to its correct position, then the tearing of vaginal wall was repaired, and finally the prolapsed vagina and cervix was replaced to its correct place.

This is the first record of Schistosomus reflexus in cross breed Iraqi cow, in a calf, and how to deal with it.