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The purpose of this study was to determine the regeneration activity of pancreatic beta cells by a combination of the ethanol extracts of Moringa leaves and Clove flower. These extracts prepared by maceration with ethanol as solvent . This is an experimental laboratory research by using post test only group design . The subject of this research is 40 white male rats of Wistar strain ( Rattus norvegicus ) and were conditioned DM by streptozotozine-nicotinamide induction . The rats randomly divided into 8 groups , and each group consisted of 5 rats . Combination dose of Moringa leaves and Clove flowers extracts used are 150 : 40 mg / kg body weight of mice , 100 : 80 mg / kg body weight of mice and 50 : 120 mg / kg body weight of mice . The rats were sacrificed and the pancreas taken to be made preparations histopathology , staining and observation tissues with HE and IHC methods. The results showed that the staining and observation tissues of heart with HE method acquired the positive control group , the single test group and the combination group were showing the islet on the Langerhans island of the pancreas is bigger than in the negative control group. The morphology of the island of Langerhans increasingly large indicates increasing the regeneration of the cells of the islet beta pancreas; whereas the method of IHC acquired the negative control group seen lack of display intensity of positive reaction Ag & Ab beta cells with are marked with brown cells . In the positive control group , the single test group and the combination group , seen a positive reaction of Ag & Ab insulin-producing beta cells characterized by brown cells and insulin expression dominating pancreatic island of Langerhans.

Hypertension that is continuously high for a long time can cause complications. Therefore, hypetension must be detected early with routine blood pressure checks. This study aims to determine the factors associated with compliance with hypertension in undergoing treatment in the work area of Simpang Tuan Health Center. This study uses a cross sectional design. The study sample was 168 people with hypertension. The sampling technique is proportional random sampling. The instrument used was a questionnaire with interviews. Data were tested using the chi square statistical test. The results showed that 89.3% of respondents had low adherence to treatment, 44.6% had poor knowledge, 29.8% had poor attitudes, 77.4% had poor access to services, 50% had poor family support , 32.7% of the role of health workers is not good. The results of bivariate analysis found that there was a relationship between knowledge (p = 0,000), access to services (p = 0.014) and compliance with hypertension in undergoing. There was no relationship between attitude (p = 0.119) and family support (p = 0.803) and the role of health workers (p = 0.203) with hypertension patients' compliance in undergoing treatment at the Simpang Tuan Health Center in 2020. Community Health Center provides health education to hypertensive sufferers outpatient care at Simpang Tuan Health Center and health education should not only be given to hypertension sufferers, but also to families and people closest to hypertension sufferers so that they can participate in reminding and motivating hypertensive sufferers

Background There is no specific recommendation regarding the type of anaesthesia in hip fracture surgery. Objectives This study sought to examine the current local anaesthetic practice (general anaesthesia versus regional anaesthesia (RA)) in hip fracture surgery and to analyse their associations with perioperative outcomes. Methodology A retrospective observational study of hip fracture patients from April to December 2017 was undertaken. Patient characteristics and perioperative outcomes were analysed against the types of anaesthesia using multiple logistic regression. Results One hundred and twelve out of 154 patients (72.7%) had a general anaesthesia. Patients from residential care facilities were more likely to receive general anaesthesia (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.1, 7.4; P = 0.03). There was no significant association between type of anaesthesia and specific postoperative outcomes; however, patients with postoperative delirium and hypotension were more likely to have received general anaesthesia [OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 0.68, 4.38; P = 0.25] and [OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 0.67, 4.04; P = 0.27] respectively). Subgroup analysis showed increased length of stay with patients who underwent general anaesthesia (OR = 1.26, 95% CI:1.04, 1.54; P = 0.02). Conclusion Regional anaesthesia may be considered in patients without contraindications in view of increased risk of postoperative delirium and hypotension, and longer length of stay with general anaesthesia. A larger prospective study is needed to confirm these findings.

The association between emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) and diabetes mellitus is well known. EPN as the cause of sepsis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare and unreported. We report a case of EPN in a non-diabetic HCC patient, in which the clinical features of decompensated chronic liver disease masked the more sinister urological emergency to a certain degree. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed a mixture of gas and fluid in the left retrorenal space, in keeping with left EPN. Nevertheless, the course of clinical deterioration was rather rapid that any surgical intervention was not feasible.

This article explored the phenomenon of abortion within which a health issue is embedded, both in modern medicine and traditional medicine which is very close to the culture of the local community. It described efforts of abortion treatment that act as a bridge between the roles of modern medicine and traditional medicine in the Yogyakarta region. Apart from the stigma of local community regarding abortion by women with unwanted pregnancy, this article aimed to eliminate inappropriate conceptions and practices that stem from misinterpretations of developments in science, technology, and media. Abortion at least represents a narrative and context in the medical studies, as well as opens up space for discussing the concept of women’s body health. The phenomenon of handling abortion in Yogyakarta with the ‘home abortion’ system through advertisements for ‘late menstruation’ or ‘late months’ has become part of the issue of women’s reproductive health. This step of self-abortion finally emerged with its optimism as a form of harmonization between modern medicine and traditional medicine in a broader context.

Falls are prominent health issues among older adults. Among hypertensive older adults, falls may have a detrimental effect on their health and wellbeing. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of falls among hypertensive older adults and to identify the associated factors that contribute to their falls. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among two hundred and sixty-nine hypertensive older adults who were selected via systematic random sampling in two primary health clinics in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Data on their socio-demographic details, their history of falls, medication history and clinical characteristics were collected. Balance and gait were assessed using the Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA). It was found that 32.2% of participants reported falls within a year. Polypharmacy (adjusted OR 2.513, 95% CI 1.339, 4.718) and diuretics (adjusted OR 2.803, 95% CI 1.418, 5.544) were associated with an increased risk of falls. Meanwhile, a higher POMA score (adjusted OR 0.940, 95% CI 0.886, 0.996) and the number of antihypertensives (adjusted OR 0.473, 95% CI 0.319, 0.700) were associated with a low incidence of falling among hypertensive older adults. Falls are common among hypertensive older adults. Older adults who are taking diuretics and have a polypharmacy treatment plan have a higher incidence of falls. However, older adults taking a higher number of anti-hypertensive medications specifically were not associated with an increased prevalence of falls.

Japanese taro (Satoimo) is one type of plant rich in carbohydrate content, which is good for human health. Therefore, this food crop is also a staple food of Japanese society, because it is believed to provide very good benefits for the body. In Indonesia, nowadays there have been a lot of Japanese taro or satoimo cultivation. In addition to the content contained in Japanese taro plants for health benefits, Japanese taro can also be processed into a variety of products, such as chips, juice, ice cream, dry pastries, croquettes, pudding, handbody, shampoo, and soap products that are all made from satoimo. In addition to having a good content if consumed, Japanese taro is also useful for beauty ingredients. Armed with knowledge and creativity, students are inspired to create a business unit that produces Japanese taro-based soap. It is hoped that through the support of the supervisor, it will be integrated into an Entrepreneurial Student Program (PMW-Unhas) and this business is expected to grow and develop. The problem is how students sharpen their talents and interests as entrepreneurs, understand and take advantage of market opportunities for these products. The objectives of making this business are: (1) building soft skills or entrepreneurial character; (2) develop new entrepreneurs who are highly educated and have the mindset of creating jobs; (3) encourage the growth, development or formation of institutions (units / centers) for managing entrepreneurship programs in universities. The method of implementation includes: (1) revealing the ability of human resources, especially in the founders and business actors; (2) delivering information material through social media about matters relating to Japanese taro and satoimo soap; (3) disclosing the development of production and potential supporting factors for increasing production and improving the quality of satoimo soap products. The assistance results show that, (1) Human resources founding the satoimo soap innovator have decent potential and strong motivation in running the business, even though they are still students; (2) Japanese taro-based products can serve as a place to introduce products and can be channeled through various social media so that it is very important as information for the community; (3) This business venture begins to experience growth and is known by the community. The characteristics of Japanese taro as one of the basic ingredients in making natural soaps are rich in nutrients and nutrients that are good for health and the body. It can be concluded that producing Japanese taro satoimo soap is very potential to be developed.Keywords: Satoimo Soap, Talas Japan, PKM-CSR

Background Increased harmful effects of medication resulting from polypharmacy, especially among older patients, is a significant concern globally. Hence, continuous medication review and withdrawal of inappropriate medications are essential to improve patient safety. Objective To explore physicians' perceived barriers and enablers of deprescribing among older patients in the public primary healthcare setting. Setting Public primary care clinics in the northern states of Malaysia. Methods A semi-structured, face-to-face interview was conducted among physicians working in eight primary care clinics in northern Malaysia using a purposive sampling approach. Interviews were conducted using validated topic guides. All the responses were recorded, transcribed verbatim, validated, and analysed for the emerging themes using thematic analysis. Main outcome measure Physicians perceived barriers and enablers of deprescribing among geriatric patients. Results A total of eleven physicians were interviewed. Seven emerging themes were identified, which are categorised under barriers and enablers of deprescribing. The barriers were patient-specific, prescriber-specific, and healthcare provision and system. Prescriber deprescribing competencies, medication-specific outcomes, availability of empirical evidence, and pharmacist's role were the enablers identified. Conclusion Patient-specific barriers were identified as a significant challenge for deprescribing. Improving competencies on deprescribing was the repeatedly adduced enabler by physicians. The development of targeted educational training can help to reduce the obstacles faced by prescribers.

The synthesis of rare-earth (RE)-based silica glass is currently a key challenge for the development of integrated optics devices such as lasers and optical amplifiers. In this work, Tm3+-doped 80SiO2−10ZrO2−10Al2O3 thin films were prepared by sol-gel and dip-coating methods. The structural and optical properties of thin films with different number of coating layers: 15, 20, 25 and 30 layers were investigated. It can be observed from X-ray diffraction (XRD) results that the thin films showed an amorphous characteristic with some crystalline peaks for samples with 20 and 25 layers. From Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis observed that the presence of hydroxyl (OH) absorption and its vibrational (phonon) energy at the band of 3100 cm−1 to 3470 cm−1 which can reduce luminescence characteristic, and significantly affect the optical device performance. The refractive index increases with increasing number of coating layers due to the increase in density, whereas the thickness of the samples become less as the coating layers become denser.

Protein energy wasting (PEW) is a nutritional disorder syndrome that occurs 28 - 80% in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on hemodialysis. Hemodialysis cause the nutrients loss including amino acids, increase protein catabolism induced by inflammation, and inhibit protein synthesis. The objective of this study was to acquire the amino acid profile in CKD patients on hemodialysis. This study used cross sectional design and involving 60 subjects of CKD patients aged >18 years on routine hemodialysis at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital. Amino acids examination was using dried blood spots (DBSs) sample and Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. We examined 10 non-essential (alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, glycine, glutamine, proline, serine, tyrosine), 9 essentials (histidine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine), and 2 special (ornithine, citrulline) amino acids. The results showed that almost all amino acids were lower (6 non-essential, 8 essentials, and citrulline), whereas others were higher (aspartate acid, serine) or normal (glutamic acid, glycine, methionine, and ornithine) than normal reference value from Mayo. CKD patients on hemodialysis have decreased amino acid especially essential amino acids. These results can be used in modification of amino acid supplementation CKD patient on hemodialysis in Indonesia.

Although many companies are modernizing by maximizing the use of technology, employee management remains an important topic, where employees are the creators of policies, procedures and business strategies. Having employees with high engagement is not easy for a company. So it is always interest to discuss the factors that influence employee engagement. This study aims to analyze the role of employee engagement as a discussion of human resource management, from Khan which focuses on the condition of human psychology, and how this view was developed in the following years by other researchers. This study uses literature study techniques using qualitative methods to describe the results in a narrative and aims to assist further research. The results showed that there was an increase in the engagement topic study. This proves that the management of human resources in an organization must be carried out with high flexibility, with regard to individual rights, by involving employees in organizational processes. Organizations will get high engagement from their employees if communication and relationships between employers and employees are done well, so that a positive perception is created. Engaged employees are an asset for the organization to achieve competitive advantage.

Information system evaluation is the process of knowing the extent of the information system. From a preliminary study of researchers in the health center gatak about the number of human resources has been found that the lack of human resources is competent in the it field, not all officers understand the use of the Health Center Management Information System (HCMIS), sometimes an error server causes a breakdown in service processes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the application of Health Center Management Information System in the health center gatak and know the use of quality services indicator Health Center Management Information System by explaining the compatible systems component that is human, technology and organization. This type of research is a descriptive analytic study with a qualitative approach. Research subject exist six is the head of medical records, one operator polyclinic, Hcmis coordinator, one Hcmis operator, head of the medical center, and one pharmacist. The sample retrieval technique used is purposive sampling. The results of this study, is known to what extent the Health Center Management Information System program is running, to provide input for an evaluation at health center gatak for the front because human, technology, and organization compatibility really does affect information systems. It is hoped that there will be periodic training so that the implementation of Health Center Management Information System use becomes easier.

Vanishing lung syndrome (VLS) is a rare condition characterized by giant emphysematous bullae. It is frequently misdiagnosed as pneumothorax. We describe a case of a 30-year-old male who presented with shortness of breath, reduced effort tolerance, and pleuritic chest pain for three months. He was initially diagnosed with bilateral pneumothorax based on clinical examination and chest radiograph findings. However, further imaging with a high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the thorax confirmed bilateral giant emphysematous bullae. Our patient subsequently underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and bullectomy. In this report, we discuss the clinical presentations, radiological features, and the management of VLS. We also highlight the differentiating features of VLS from a pneumothorax.

OBJECTIVES: Severe malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes and higher mortality in Tuberculosis (TB) patients. Due to the inflammatory process, TB patients are in hypercatabolic conditions which caused increased nutritional requirements. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an indicator of inflammatory status that can be used to determine the outcome of TB patients. METHODS: A 53-year-old male patient with severe protein-energy malnutrition (body mass index 14.5 kg/m,(2)) suffers from a lung abscess due to tuberculosis (TB) suspected being treated at the infection center of Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar. Oral intake decreased due to shortness of breath and loss of appetite. Physical examination showed conjunctival anemia, loss of subcutaneous fat, lung rales, and muscle wasting. Laboratory assessments showed hypoalbuminemia (1.8 g/dl), hyponatremia (126 mmol/L), leukocytosis (26,100/ɥl), neutrophilia (19,600/ɥl, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte/NLR ratio 4.2), anemia (9,6 g/dl), and elevated liver enzymes (SGOT 90 U/L and SGPT 114 U/L). RESULTS: Nutrition therapy was given gradually with a target calorie of 1700–2300 kcal and protein 1.5–2 g/ideal body weight/day using regular food, high protein formula, and amino acids (parenteral nutrition). After 12 days of nutrition treatment, the patient was discharged from the hospital without shortness of breath, adequate nutritional intake, improved anthropometric parameters, and laboratory test results (leukocytes 9000/ɥl, neutrophil 4698/ɥl, NLR 1.6, albumin 3.0 g/dl, Hb 10.5 g/dl, and sodium 135 mmol/L). CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional therapy is essential in TB patient's hypercatabolic states. By achieving nutritional requirements, there can be changes in the value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio so that it alters the course and the outcome of TB disease. Severe malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes and higher mortality in Tuberculosis (TB) patients. TB patients are in hypercatabolic conditions due to the inflammatory process so that they have increased nutritional requirements. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an indicator of inflammatory status that can be used to determine the outcome of TB patients. FUNDING SOURCES: The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Background Health literacy (HL) consists of different components and associates with several health outcomes, including obesity. It is linked to an individual’s knowledge, motivation, competencies, behavior, and application to everyday life. The present study aimed to determine the change of HL scores and to investigate the difference of intervention outcomes at the weight loss (WL) intervention and WL maintenance phase between the HL groups. Methods A total of 322 participants from the MyBFF@home study completed the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) test at baseline. However, only data from 209 participants who completed the NVS test from baseline to WL intervention were used to determine the HL groups. Change of the NVS scores from baseline to WL intervention phase was categorized into two groups: those with HL improvement (increased 0.1 score and above) and those without HL improvement (no change or decreased 0.1 score and more). Independent variables in this study were change of energy intake, nutrient intake, physical activity, anthropometry measurements, and body composition measurements between baseline and WL intervention as well as between WL intervention and WL maintenance. An Independent sample t-test was used in the statistical analysis. Results In general, both intervention and control participants have low HL. The study revealed that the intervention group increased the NVS mean score from baseline (1.19 scores) to the end of the WL maintenance phase (1.51 scores) compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in sociodemographic characteristics between the group with HL improvement and the group without HL improvement at baseline. Most of the dietary intake measurements at WL intervention were significantly different between the two HL groups among intervention participants. Physical activity and body composition did not differ significantly between the two HL groups among both intervention and control groups. Conclusion There was an improvement of HL during the WL intervention and WL maintenance phase in intervention participants compared to control participants. HL shows positive impacts on dietary intake behavior among intervention participants. New research is suggested to explore the relationship between HL and weight loss behaviors in future obesity intervention studies.

Food safety is one of the people's concerns in buying and consuming food during the Covid-19 pandemic. This requires culinary entrepreneurs to meet food safety standards in the food processing system. This study aims to determine the food service system carried out by culinary entrepreneurs during the Covid-19 pandemic and in the era of new normal in Makassar City. With a qualitative approach, 33 informants were selected purposively to be involved in this study which was distributed into 17 in-depth interviews and 3 FGDs. Data analysis was carried out in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion or verification. This research found that culinary entrepreneurs applied health standards in their restaurants by providing handwashing facilities, barrier plastic, keeping tables/chairs apart, and requiring consumers to wear masks. Food processing requires food processors to use disposable plastic gloves and masks as well as tighter food packaging. It is concluded that culinary entrepreneurs have implemented safety and health standards in the food service system both in food processing and food packaging. It is highly recommended that culinary entrepreneurs perform routine cleaning and disinfecting at their restaurants so that efforts to prevent Covid-19 can be maximized, especially in the culinary business sector.

Background : Diabetic ulcer is a major complication of diabetes and is the main cause of infection. One of the efforts or interventions to reduce infection by doing wound cleansing, but research on the effects of wound cleansing on bacterial colonization is still limited. The purpose of this literature study was to determine the effectiveness of using a type of wound cleansing on changes in bacterial colonization in DM wounds . Methods : The data base used in making this review literature is Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Cochrane. there are 144 articles identified and published from 2010-2018. Of the 144 articles 8 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Results : Various wound cleansing solutions are used to optimize the wound healing process and the effect is quite good in decreasing bacterial colonies in DM wounds. Conclusion : wound cleansing type ESWA has a bactericidal effect, is effective in reducing bacterial colonization, and economically it is expected to be a concern in the treatment process injury, research is needed as to whether ESWA washing types can be used to reduce bacterial colonization in DM wounds.

The band alignment of Ta2O5/GaN has been measured experimentally. The HCl cleaning has been found to be effective in removing oxygen from the GaN surface and was used prior to deposition of the Ta2O5 films by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry was performed to measure the thickness, optical constants and band gap of GaN and Ta2O5/GaN samples. The valence band offset of Ta2O5/GaN was measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using Kraut's method, and found to be 0.700.25eV. The results provide experimental evidence of an earlier theoretical study of higher effective barrier for holes than for electrons in the Ta2O5/GaN material system. Display Omitted The band alignment of Ta2O5/GaN has been measured experimentally.The HCl treated GaN surface showed the lowest oxygen and carbon contamination.Ta2O5 films of thicknesses up to 10nm were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering.The valence band offset was calculated to be 0.700.25eV using Kraut's method.The band gaps were found by ellipsometry: 3.34eV for GaN and 4.4eV for Ta2O5.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the most common cause of sexually transmitted infections (STI). Based on its oncogenic potential, genital HPV consists of low risk HPV (LR-HPV) and high risk HPV (HR-HPV). Condylomata acuminata (CA) is a STI caused by HPV and has the highest morbidity rates in the world. Generally CA is caused by LR-HPV, but recently found that HR-HPV infections have a considerable proportion. Hr-HPV infection is one of the risk factors of anogenital malignancy. The aim of this study was to obtain the proportion of HR-HPV and especially HPV 16 and 18 infection in nonclassical clinical lesion of CA in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The specimen was obtained from brushed skin in the lesion. DNA extraction was performed and followed by HPV detection using a real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, especially to detect high risk HPV and HPV 16/18. Forty subject most were unmarried male, above 21 years old, and coinfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Twenty five from forty (62.5%) patients were infected by HR-HPV. Thirteen patients were infected by HPV 16/18 (32.5%). Twelve patients (30.0%) were infected by HR-HPV other than type 16/18, and 15 patients (37.5%) uninfected with HR-HPV. The most form of lesion that infected by HPV were papullar lesion. The proportion of HR-HPV in nonclassical clinical lesion of CA were 62.5% and more than third of it were infected by HPV 16/18.

Education Personnel (Tendik) in higher education have an important role because they are tasked with carrying out administration, management, development, supervision, and technical services to support the education process in the education unit. The Tendik staff consists of administrative staff, library staff and laboratory staff. The success of Tendik in carrying out his work load can be seen from the criteria of attendance, job responsibilities, cooperation, loyalty, archiving and service. Furthermore, to be able to evaluate, motivate, and to be able to do promotion of tendik, it is necessary to make an effort in the form of selection of the best tendik, which so far has not been done in the Faculty of Engineering, University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta (FT UMJ). Recommendations for the selection of the best tendons made in this study using the Weighted Product method based on criteria established by the Quality Assurance Unit of FT UMJ. The results showed that the best selection of tendons was obtained from the largest vector values in V3, V7, V9, V15, and V16, so that alternatives A3, A7, A9, A15, and A16 were the alternatives chosen as the best Tendik in FT UMJ. These results can be a recommendation for the leadership of FT UMJ to provide appreciation and promotion of the best Tendik as well as to evaluate, motivate and provide training for unskilled Tendik.

Big data are large or complex data sets that need to be extracted and analyzed using computers in order to determine the data patterns, trends, and relationship. It is commonly related to extract hidden knowledge behind these data sets. Data visualization can be used to portray data in graphical and dynamic manner to extract the hidden knowledge. Spatial visualization is one of the visualization to project data related to space. One of the foremost problem in the visualization is dot overlapping. Such situation distorts the true data distribution. Thus, the aim of this study is to design a new algorithm to manage dot mapping. The algorithm is to visualize non-resident student tabulation where overlapping dot are redistributed. The new algorithm called StarVizAlgo was introduced as an enhancement to visualize the plotting pattern clearly and efficiently. It provides a better understanding and easier for users to analyze data. Furthermore, StarVizAlgo able to avoid data overlapping by introducing 'star' visualization pattern. The contribution is to the research domain of non-residents students of UiTM Shah Alam, Malaysia. It was demonstration using the 2D webpage and the result indicated that the dot distribution mapping represents a better visual analytic and more significance information.

Computer-based learning materials i.e interactive multimedia courseware/e-contents are widely used in higher education today. e-Content is considered as one of the valuable tools in todays’ technology-based education setting as it serves as a main resource for learners and educators alike in the teaching and learning process and has been acknowledged as one of the tools to help overcome some of the short comings in curriculum delivery. Learners in Open Distance-Learning institutions, typically study in isolation and have reduced opportunities for direct instructions. Hence e-content tends to be a useful method to educate learners on subjects that might otherwise be difficult. A quality e-content is fundamental for quality learning to take place. Therefore, the criteria of good e-content needs to be evaluated and identified based on learners need especially in the case of adult learners who are balancing between life and study commitments. This study reports on a case study that was carried out to evaluate the existing e-content used by adult learners in their studies. A survey was conducted to gather feedbacks from 25 adult learners in a distance education program at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). The 5-point Likert scale questionnaire which seeks information regarding content issues of the existing e-content from the adult learners’ perceptions. The study helps to identify the requirements or expectations of adult learners on the features of e-content that is considered to be of help in their studies.

OBJECTIVES: Intestinal tuberculosis (TB) cases increased with the increase in TB cases in general. Intestinal TB was found in 11% of extrapulmonary TB patients. Severe malnutrition was associated with poor outcome in TB patients. Due to inflammation process, TB patients were in hypermetabolic conditions which caused increase in nutritional requirements. Intestinal TB with severe malnutrition need spesific nutritional therapy, tailored to each patient based on their nutritional status and clinical condition. METHODS: A 41-year old male patient with severe malnutrition (body mass index 17,9 kg/m(2)) diagnosed with post laparotomy due to perforation of ascending colon due to Intestinal TB. Oral intake decreased due to loss of appetite and abdominal pain. Patient showed pale in conjunctival, loss of subcutaneous fat, wasting and edema in extremities. Laboratory findings were anemia (7.5 g/dL), hypoalbuminemia (2.4 g/dL), hyponatremia (130 mmol/L), hypokalemia (3.0 mmol/L) and severe depletion of total lymphocyte count (477/mL). Patient suffered from post-operative complications in the form of post-operative ileus, low output enterocutaneous fistula and suspected an anastomoses leakage. RESULTS: Medical nutrition therapy was given with a total calorie of 1175 kcal and increased gradually to 2000 kcal, protein 0.8–2 g/Ideal Body Weight/day using high protein formula and amino acids parenteral nutrition, including glutamine infussion. We administered suplementations which were zinc, multivitamins, curcuma and snakehead fish extract. Patient was discharged after 37 days with clinical and functional capacity improvement assessed with handgrip dynamometer from 11.2 to 23.4 kg. Laboratory improvement were Hemoglobin 10.1 g/dL, Albumin 2.8 mg/dL, Sodium 143 mmol/L, Potassium 4.2 mmol/L and Total lymphocyte count 904/mL. Post-operative complications were improved. CONCLUSIONS: Malnourished patient with intestinal TB who undergoing surgery had an increased risk of nutritional deficiencies and postoperative complications. Specific nutritional therapy to reduce inflammation or hypermetabolic, and to treat post surgical complications, proper monitoring and nutritional education results in a good outcome for patient. FUNDING SOURCES: The author(s) received no financial support for the research, autorship and/or publication of this article.

FAO predicts that by 2050, food production will need to increase by up to 60 percent, while at the same time there will be a scarcity of agricultural resources, especially land / land and water. Therefore, modernization of agriculture, exploiting the potential of marginal land resources and high adaptation-powered food crops such as sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb) is an option. However, investment in sago cultivation is seen as inefficient because it is long-term so it is not attractive, especially for poor farmers. This review is aimed at discussing the potential of developing sago plants efficiently through the introduction of Japanese taro plant, satoimo (Colocasia esculenta var antiquorum) into sago plantations, forming the sago-taro intercropping system in South Sulawesi. It was found that the native sago vegetation area in South Sulawesi, namely in the Luwu Raya regions, was socio-economically and culturally and ecologically potential for developing sago plants. It is also known that satoimo taro has a high economic potential, and is ecologically tolerant of shade so that it can be introduced into sago plantations — up to four or five years old — to form intercropping plantations. It can be concluded that intercropping of sago-taro, both of ecologically and socio-economically and culturally has high potential to be developed in South Sulawesi, especially in the Luwu Raya regions.

Social capital is one of the conditions that must be met in the development process. Weak social capital will reduce the spirit of mutual cooperation, exacerbate poverty, increase unemployment and crime and can hinder any efforts to improve social welfare. This research uses a combination method or better known as a mixed method, which is a combination of qualitative research and quantitative research. The results of the study illustrate that in the hallway garden community, the potential for social capital is relatively high as seen through the elements of social capital, trust, institutions and networks. This can be seen in the daily life of the community, such as mutual trust in the harmonious neighbors, kinship, helping nature, mutual help, social solidarity, being cooperative, and all of these appear in the collective behavior of the community in the form of urban farming activities.

Tiger shrimp diseases have occured in Indonesian shrimp ponds for more than two decades. In order to overcome this problem, five types of the RICA probiotic bacteria were tested in nine 250 m2 semi-intensive ponds of the Research and Development Institute for Coastal Aquaculture Marana Station. In the present study three different alternate use of the RICA probiotics were tested for tiger shrimp culture incompletely randomized design experiment. There were three treatments here namely: A) alternate use of probiotic bacteria RICA-1, RICA-2, RICA-3; B) alternate use of probiotic bacteria RICA-4, RICA-5, RICA-3, and C) control (without probiotic bacteria); each treatment were applied in three replications. The results showed that survival rate and production of tiger shrimp in treatment A (55.8% and 14.9 kg/pond) and B (52.7% and 16.7 kg/pond) were significantly better (P0.05). The average total bacteria population in the cultured water media of treatment A (4.32 x 104 cfu/mL) and B (5.18 x 104 cfu/mL) were relatively higher than control (1.46 x 104 cfu/mL). However the percentage ratio of Vibrio spp. and total bacteria population in the cultured water media of treatment A and B were relatively lower than control. The lower survival rate and production of tiger shrimp in control (C) compared to probiotic treatments (A and B) were not just affected by the increase of Vibrio spp. ratio, but also affected by the increase of total organic matter and nitrite concentrations in the control ponds that were relatively higher than treatment A and B.

Urbanization has made Jakarta's land use changed rapidly for urban development, which resulted on Green Open Space (GOS) marginalization. This study uses GIS and remote sensing integration to produce the distribution Public GOS map and give alternative ecological approach to support government commitment of providing 20% GOS. The result shows Public GOS is 5.44% with highest percentage on Central Jakarta. The study also shows that East Jakarta is the most potential area for GOS expansion to more than 2,890.22 ha and final Public GOS can reach by 14.50% from total mainland area.

To know the effectivity of powder-formed probiotics compared to the liquid-formed probiotics t-test experiment was carried out in the Marana Experimental Pond Installation of the Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros. Ten 250-m2 concrete-wall ponds with 80 cm water depth and aerated with supercharge blower were stocked with 8 pcs of tiger shrimp post larvae/m2. Treatments tested here were A) The liquid-formed of alternate use of Bacillus subtilis BM12, B. licheniformes BM58, and Brevibacillus laterosporus BT951 and B) The powder-formed of alternate use of Bacillus subtilis BM12, B. licheniformes BM58, and Brevibacillus laterosporus BT951. There were five replications in each treatment. After 67 days of culture showed that the use of powder-formed probiotics tended to be better than the use of the liquid ones, even though not significantly different (P>0.05). The average production and survival rate of powder-formed probiotics were 430.4 + 37.6 kg/ha and 72.1 + 9.8%, while those of the liquid-formed probiotics were 385.6 + 73.6 kg/ha and 66.6 + 10.8%. Both forms of probiotics could effectively maintain water quality parameters like total organic matter, NH3-N, NO2-N, and TBV/TPC ratio.

As the device nowadays scaled down to nanometer regime, focused ion beams (FIB) have successfully drawn considerable interest as a perfect tool for micromachining procedure. This technique offers with major application in failure analysis and circuit modification for various industrial semiconductor products. As a result, nanostructured defect can be allocated using this technique and can ensure the possible root cause of the product failure. The influence of beam emission applied on standard silicon wafer was investigated to understand the relationship between beam emissions and outcome of the milling depth. Therefore, milling process will be executed for isolation formation for circuit modification and failure analysis purpose performed at different ion beam current (0.43 to 9.3 nA/cm2).

This paper describes the initial concept of functional electrical stimulation (FES) for foot drop injury based on the arm swing motion. The prototype was an effort to improve the existing FES available in the market that are facing problems due to the error of detecting a step intention, especially in the acute stage of foot drop injury due to stroke. The development of the device was divided into two main phases: hardware design and testing. Hardware phases consisted of the design of the electronic structure and parts such as accelerometer ADXL335 and programming for PIC18F4520. Initial testing was conducted with six normal subjects and one foot drop patient subject in order to identify the functional performance of the prototype. The result shows that the gait sensing placement of the prototype FES was successfully controlled by using the arm swing movement.

To counter disease problems caused by vibriosis in shrimp hatchery, this recent study used three different probiotics to be tested on tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) postlarvae. The study arranged four treatments as follows: A: a combination of three liquid-form probiotics Brevibacillus laterosporus BT951, Bacillus subtilis BM12, and B. licheniformis BM58; B: a combination of three powder-form probiotics Brevibacillus laterosporus BT951, Bacillus subtilis BM12, and B. licheniformis BM58; C: a commercial powder probiotic containing Bacillus subtilis; and D: control (without probiotic), each treatment with three replications. This study was set up in a completely randomized design experiment using twelve fiberglass tanks filled with 750 L sterile sea water and stocked with 30,000 nauplii in the Awarange shrimp hatchery of the Research Institute for Brackishwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension Installation in Barru. Variables observed in this study were the survival rate of the shrimp postlarvae at the end of the experiment, total vibrio count (TBV) and total plate count of common bacteria (TPC) in the culture water. The results showed that the survival rate of tiger shrimp applied either in liquid (A: 61.5±4.7%) or powder form (B: 48.6±6.8%), and control (without probiotic) (D: 51.2±4.4%) were not significantly different (P>0.05). However, survival rates in these three treatments differed (P

Innovative advance dielectric materials were utilized to fabricate novel thin film capacitor device. This includes ceramic and polymeric material combination which is considered to enhance the dielectric polarization. The dielectric film presented in the study focused on PbTiO3/PVDF-TrFE which was prepared through layer-by-layer spin coating deposition method. The PVDF-TrFE coating was aimed to encapsulate the fragility and to improve the crystallinity property of PbTiO3 thin film surface. The preferential orientation of (1 0 1) tetragonal perovskite PbTiO3 was obtained in this and high crystallinity was found on bilayered PbTiO3/PVDF-TrFE film. The bilayered film produced good film surface in term of its uniformity and surface roughness. The er and tan (δ) value of bilayered PbTiO 3 / PVDF-TrFE film was taken at 1 kHz that approximately 220 and 0.09 respectively.

Natural disasters are events that friendly to Indonesia. Every year natural disasters come in turns ranging from earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis, floods, tornado, landslides, forest fires, social conflicts and so on and covering the entire territory of Indonesia. To deal with these disasters, the Government of Indonesia has developed community-based disaster management (CBDM). This paper intended to explain the implementation of community-based disaster management. The data used in this paper are secondary data onto several references. Between 1815 and 2014 (200 years ) there was 13.172 times disaster happened and killed 291.427 people. In the last ten years, significant disasters were volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, earthquakes, floods and social conflict. The CBDM in Indonesia is implemented by increasing the capacity of communities to prepare for and cope with a disaster by encouraging full participation of government, private and public. To institutionalize this effort, it has been developed disaster organization by local conditions; increase public knowledge and awareness and maintain the possibility of catastrophe caused by human activity. There was some limitation faced in implementation of CBDM such as lack of understanding of stakeholders due to lack of socialization, and lack of formal organization BNPB capacity in disaster management.

This review summarizes the current state of lead zirconium titanate (PZT) that used for energy storage based organic capacitor. The particular focus is on dielectric material PZT properties for achieving high-k dielectric constant (900-1300) concerning for DC power application. PZT is well known of its perovskite structure that related to excellent ferroelectric properties considered to have high remnant polarization and low coercive field. We review the recent literature that focused on the annealing process that affects dielectric constant and its structural property derived by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputter.

Development of high performance capacitor is reaching towards new generation where the ferroelectric materials take places as the active dielectric layer. The motivation of this study is to produce high capacitance device with long life cycle. This was configured by preparing bilayered films where lead titanate as an active dielectric layer and stacked with the top dielectric layer, poly(vinyledenefluoride-trifluoroethylene). Both of them are being referred that have one in common which is ferroelectric behavior. Therefore the combination of ceramic and polymer ferroelectric material could perform optimum dielectric characteristic for capacitor applications. The fabrication was done by simple sol-gel spin coating method that being varied at spinning speed property for polymer layers, whereas maintaining the ceramic layer. The characterization of PVDF-TrFE/PbTiO3 was performed according to metal-insulator-metal stacked capacitor measurement which includes structural, dielectric, and ferroelectric measurement.

A Japanese study had earlier reported that KCNQ1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be associated with diabetic nephropathy. To further investigate this finding, we analysed three SNPs, rs2237895, rs2237897 and rs2283228, within the KCNQ1 locus for association with albuminuria among Chinese type 2 diabetic patients residing in Singapore. Albuminuria was analysed as both categorical (micro- and macroalbuminuria) and continuous traits (log(e) albumin/creatinine ratio [ACR]).A total of 752 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the study. Albuminuria was determined by ACR using spot urine samples, and renal function was approximated using estimated GFR. Genotyping was performed using invader and Taqman assays as appropriate. Multivariate regression analyses were used to analyse the associations between SNPs and renal traits.Significant associations were detected between rs2283228 and macroalbuminuria (p0.001, corrected p0.01), as well as log(e) ACR (p = 0.004, corrected p = 0.036) after multiple hypothesis testing and adjustment for potential confounding. A trend of increasing OR was observed with increasing severity of diabetic nephropathy (low and high microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria). rs2237897, previously implicated in the earlier Japanese study, was also associated with macroalbuminuria, but this finding did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing. Meta-analyses of the Chinese and Japanese studies revealed both SNPs to be significantly associated with macroalbuminuria.Together with the previous Japanese study, our findings support the hypothesis that, in addition to KCNQ1 being an established type 2 diabetes gene, genetic variation in this gene may contribute to susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in East Asians.

BACKGROUND We tested for associations between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) haplotypes found on human chromosome 10q23. This locus had been linked to eGFR in a previous linkage scan in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS We analysed 469 patients with Type 2 diabetes and 174 normoalbuminuric controls for associations between RBP4 haplotypes and eGFR. For comparison with controls, 295 cases with proteinuria/end-stage renal disease were tested for associations with advanced diabetic nephropathy. Genotyping was performed using high-resolution DNA melting assays. Data analysis was performed using the haplo.stats package. RESULTS Genetic variations in RBP4 were not associated with advanced diabetic nephropathy. Compared with the common A/G/G/C haplotype, C/A/A/C carriers among the normoalbuminuric controls had higher eGFR values among younger patients but lower eGFRs among the older patients (effect size=2.2, P=3.3×10(-7)). Furthermore, while eGFR values were fairly consistent over the range of systolic blood pressure (SBP) values for the common haplotype, eGFR in C/A/A/C carriers increased with SBP (effect size=3.6, P=1.5×10(-2)). There was a significant interaction between the C/A/A/C haplotype and HbA1c as they affect eGFR compared to the common haplotype (effect size=2.1, P=2.1×10(-3)). Power calculations demonstrated that our study had >90% power to detect the observed interactions even while performing multiple hypotheses testing. The interaction between SBP and the C/A/A/C haplotype remained significant (P=2.8×10(-2)) even when these three haplotype-environment interactions were simultaneously estimated. CONCLUSION RBP4 haplotypes may be important in genetically modulating renal function in response to environmental challenges among patients with Type 2 diabetes.

To meet the energy needs this time we are still dependent on energy derived from fossilresources that can not be recovered (fossil energy). The way to tackle the energy problem is toexplore other energy resources namely biofuels, one of its kind is bioethanol. Source of potentiallyraw material from the sea is brown seaweed which cellulose content and stored carbohydrate(mannitol) is quite high. The use of a batch bioreactor and the pH meter instrument assembliesResearch Center for Marine and Fisheries Products Processing and Biotechnology (RCMFPPB)has been supporting the production of bioethanol with raw material brown seaweed Sargassumduplicatum.

The aim of this research is to understand the description of Business model canvas and to create a design of business transformation. The reseach held at CV. OAG Makassar, It is one of a company that produced spinach chips. In order to complete a valid data, researcher were conducted a participatory action reseach method, where the researcher also involved for more than two months in the company. The general description of the company was explained in descriptive by describing the company resources position and their performance. Business model and its business transformation model were analized using business model canvas approach and customer emphaty map. The development strategy result of CV AOG business transformation is to improving the preserves of customer segment and so as their resource key. The improvement on value propositions like customer customization services, websites and social media in its value on channels and customer relationship produce a revenue streams from new product selling which made from spinach and other veggies. Improvement also needed in social activities on key activities, increasing partners such as event organizer and delivery services as key partners, also cost added for customization and social activity on cost structure. Keywords : development strategy; bussiness model canvas; spinach chips.

This research work investigates the ferroelectric characteristic of nanostructured ZnO/MgO bilayer based MFIM capacitor. The low leakage current (10−8 A.cm−2) of nanostructured ZnO/MgO bilayer films were observed for all annealed bilayer films. Nanostructured ZnO/MgO bilayer film annealed at 475°C was then utilized as insulator (dielectric) layer in the fabrication of MFIM capacitor due to its high resistivity (7.15×104 Ω.cm) and low leakage current density (10−8 A.cm−2). The optimized nanostructured ZnO/MgO bilayer film was proven to act as a stable buffer layer for the PVDF-TrFE in where the P-E loop can withstand for the applied voltage up to 190V. The polarization-field (P-E) hysteresis revealed high electrical strength of ZnO/MgO/PVDF-TrFE MFIM capacitor.

The use of high dielectric material for thin films capacitor has been known since the first ferroelectric materials were introduced. The capability to store large energy density would be the ideal criteria to pursue nanoscaled films capacitor applications. Nowadays, capacitor device becomes complex device rather than just focus at single function where ferroelectric material get involves. In this study, lead based titanate thin films ceramic will be fabricated by sol-gel spin coating method with typical multicoating layers to investigate the ferroelectric, dielectric properties, and capacitance characteristic. The measurements were based on 100 kHz and 1 MHz frequencies application which there's lies the significant finding of the dielectric materials property. Other, like surface profiler (KLA Tencor) is used as films thickness measurement that reports under 200nm thickness. PbTiO 3 metal-ferroelectric-metal device is going to be prepared by involves the indium tin oxide coated glass as substrate, whereas Al metal will be deposited as top electrode through thermal evaporator method.

Nanocomposite based on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures and poly [2-methoxy-5(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) of various weight percent have been obtained using sol-gel method. The substrates were deposit at 0.1 wt% to 0.4 wt% of ZnO with pure MEH-PPV to investigate the concentration effect of MEH-PPV/ZnO nanocomposite. The structural properties were characterized using FESEM and AFM to obtain the morphology of nanocomposite. From the AFM, it was found that the roughness is more uniform. The optical properties were obtained using ultraviolet-visible spectrometer (UV-Vis). It was found that the transmittance band increased with decreased of weight percent of ZnO nanostructures. For photoluminescence (PL) spectra shows that 0.4 wt% of ZnO at visible emission is due to emission characterisitic of PPV backbone which is arise from the relaxtion of excited π-electron to the ground state. This study will provide better performance and suitable for optoelectronic device especially OLEDs application.

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a metal oxide semiconductor that used for organic light emitting diode (OLEDs) applications. The ZnO nanotetrapods nanotetrapod of various time depositions has been synthesized using thermal chemical vapor deposition (thermal-CVD) method. In this study, the synthesizations were deposit at 30 minutes and 50 minutes to investigate the time deposition effect of ZnO nanotetrapods. The optical properties were obtained using photoluminescence (PL). The PL spectra show that the sample at 30 minutes is the highest intensity for ultraviolet (UV) emission due to crystallization of ZnO nanotetrapods. X-Ray Diffraction was deposited using Broker AXS D8 Advance with Cu Kα radiation. It is show the highest peak can observe for sample 30 minutes. From FESEM images, it was found that the length of ZnO nanotetrapods increased with increased of time deposition.