1. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (ENE-COVID): a nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study
- Author
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Marina Pollán, Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, Roberto Pastor-Barriuso, Jesús Oteo, Miguel A Hernán, Mayte Pérez-Olmeda, Jose L Sanmartín, Aurora Fernández-García, Israel Cruz, Nerea Fernández de Larrea, Marta Molina, Francisco Rodríguez-Cabrera, Mariano Martín, Paloma Merino-Amador, Jose León Paniagua, Juan F Muñoz-Montalvo, Faustino Blanco, Raquel Yotti, Rodrigo Gutiérrez Fernández, Saturnino Mezcua Navarro, Juan F. Muñoz-Montalvo, Matías Salinero Hernández, Jose L. Sanmartín, Manuel Cuenca-Estrella, José León Paniagua, Pablo Fernández-Navarro, Ana Avellón, Giovanni Fedele, Jesús Oteo Iglesias, María Teresa Pérez Olmeda, Maria Elena Fernandez Martinez, Francisco D. Rodríguez-Cabrera, Miguel A. Hernán, Susana Padrones Fernández, José Manuel Rumbao Aguirre, José M. Navarro Marí, Begoña Palop Borrás, Ana Belén Pérez Jiménez, Manuel Rodríguez-Iglesias, Ana María Calvo Gascón, María Luz Lou Alcaine, Ignacio Donate Suárez, Oscar Suárez Álvarez, Mercedes Rodríguez Pérez, Margarita Cases Sanchís, Carlos Javier Villafáfila Gomila, Lluis Carbo Saladrigas, Adoración Hurtado Fernández, Antonio Oliver, Elías Castro Feliciano, María Noemí González Quintana, José María Barrasa Fernández, María Araceli Hernández Betancor, Melisa Hernández Febles, Leopoldo Martín Martín, Luis-Mariano López López, Teresa Ugarte Miota, Inés De Benito Población, María Sagrario Celada Pérez, María Natalia Vallés Fernández, Tomás Maté Enríquez, Miguel Villa Arranz, Marta Domínguez-Gil González, Isabel Fernández-Natal, Gregoria Megías Lobón, Juan Luis Muñoz Bellido, Pilar Ciruela, Ariadna Mas i Casals, Maria Doladé Botías, M. Angeles Marcos Maeso, Dúnia Pérez del Campo, Antonio Félix de Castro, Ramón Limón Ramírez, Maria Francisca Elías Retamosa, Manuela Rubio González, María Sinda Blanco Lobeiras, Alberto Fuentes Losada, Antonio Aguilera, German Bou, Yolanda Caro, Noemí Marauri, Luis Miguel Soria Blanco, Isabel del Cura González, Montserrat Hernández Pascual, Roberto Alonso Fernández, Natalia Cabrera Castro, Aurora Tomás Lizcano, Cristóbal Ramírez Almagro, Manuel Segovia Hernández, Nieves Ascunce Elizaga, María Ederra Sanz, Carmen Ezpeleta Baquedano, Ana Bustinduy Bascaran, Susana Iglesias Tamayo, Luis Elorduy Otazua, Rebeca Benarroch Benarroch, Jesús Lopera Flores, and Antonia Vázquez de la Villa
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education.field_of_study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Public health ,Population ,General Medicine ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Asymptomatic ,Article ,Serology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pandemic ,Medicine ,Seroprevalence ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,medicine.symptom ,business ,education ,Demography - Abstract
Summary Background Spain is one of the European countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Serological surveys are a valuable tool to assess the extent of the epidemic, given the existence of asymptomatic cases and little access to diagnostic tests. This nationwide population-based study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain at national and regional level. Methods 35 883 households were selected from municipal rolls using two-stage random sampling stratified by province and municipality size, with all residents invited to participate. From April 27 to May 11, 2020, 61 075 participants (75·1% of all contacted individuals within selected households) answered a questionnaire on history of symptoms compatible with COVID-19 and risk factors, received a point-of-care antibody test, and, if agreed, donated a blood sample for additional testing with a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Prevalences of IgG antibodies were adjusted using sampling weights and post-stratification to allow for differences in non-response rates based on age group, sex, and census-tract income. Using results for both tests, we calculated a seroprevalence range maximising either specificity (positive for both tests) or sensitivity (positive for either test). Findings Seroprevalence was 5·0% (95% CI 4·7–5·4) by the point-of-care test and 4·6% (4·3–5·0) by immunoassay, with a specificity–sensitivity range of 3·7% (3·3–4·0; both tests positive) to 6·2% (5·8–6·6; either test positive), with no differences by sex and lower seroprevalence in children younger than 10 years (10%) and lower in coastal areas (
- Published
- 2020
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