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The effect of two-photon absorption (TPA) on all-optical logic operation in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA) has been carried out. We model the rate equation with the TP...

We investigate all-optical logic operation in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA) based Mach–Zehnder interferometer considering the effects of two-photon absorption (TPA). TPA occu...

We simulate supercontinuum generation for various shapes of a dispersion varying As2S3 waveguides on MgF2 substrate with air cladding. The supercontinuum generation is simulated for pulses of 2000 W peak power and 50 fs pulse width centered at 1.55 μm wavelength. For a uniform waveguide the generated spectrum is considerably narrower than that for a non-uniform waveguide. This is because the non-uniform waveguide allows a continuous phase matching of the generated waves through nonlinear interaction. We have demonstrated that a high coefficient of nonlinear refractive index is necessary for generating supercontinuum with large bandwidths. Larger supercontinuum bandwidth is predicted for waveguides with increasing As2S3 thickness along the propagation direction.

A scheme to generate 50 GHz pulse train using rational harmonic mode locking technique is proposed and studied experimentally. The modulation frequency is adjusted to achieve a 50 GHz pulse train which has a pulse width of 5.25 ps. Numerical simulation results show good agreement with the experimental results.

The effect of two-photon absorption (TPA) on all-optical logic operation in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA) has been carried out. The rate equation was modeled with the TPA effect for the logic XOR gate, AND gate, and, for pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) generation. The output Q-factor (quality) has increased due to the implementation of TPA induced pumping. The results show that the quality of the output depends on the input pulse width and the speed of operation. The PRBS system has been shown to operate at 250 Gb/s and 320 Gb/s and the Q-factor decreases with an increase in pulse width.

We numerically demonstrate mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in a non-uniformly tapered chalcogenide planar waveguide. This planar rib waveguide of As2S3 glass on MgF2 is 2 cm long with increasing etch depth longitudinally to manage the total dispersion. This waveguide has zero dispersion at two wavelengths. The dispersion profile varies along the propagation distance, leading to continuous modification of the phase-matching condition for dispersive wave emission and enhancement of energy transfer efficiency between solitons and dispersive waves. Numerical simulations are conducted for secant input pulses at a wavelength of 1.55 μm with a width of 50 fs and peak power of 2 kW. Results show this proposed scheme significantly broadens the generated continuum, extending from ~1 to ~7 μm.

We have designed a tapered planar rib waveguide and numerically studied supercontinuum generation by the propagation of input pulses at 1.55 μm. The Air-SF57 glass-SiO 2 waveguide is 2 cm long, with a varying etch depth to manage the total dispersion. This proposed waveguide geometry significantly broadens the output spectrum caused by continuous modification of the phase matching condition for dispersive wave emission. The coherence property has also been investigated, demonstrating that fully coherent supercontinuum extending from ~1 μm to ~4.6 μm can be obtained with proper pumping conditions.

A scheme to realize high speed all-optical encryption and decryption using key-stream generators and an XOR gate based on quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers (QD-SOAs) was studied. The key used for encryption and decryption is a high speed all-optical pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) which is generated by a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) composed of QD-SOA-based logic XOR and AND gates. Two other kinds of more secure key-stream generators, i.e. cascaded design and parallel design, were also designed and investigated. Nonlinear dynamics including carrier heating and spectral hole-burning in the QD-SOA are taken into account together with the rate equations in order to realize all-optical logic operations. Results show that this scheme can realize all-optical encryption and decryption by using key-stream generators at high speed (~250 Gb/s).

This article details the numerically studied coherence properties of the supercontinuum generated in a lead-silicate microstructured fiber taper, with an increasing core radius along the propagation distance that tailors the dispersion property. Simulations are conducted by adding quantum noise into the input pulse at 1.55 μm, and the complex degree of first-order coherence function and the overall spectral coherence degree are both calculated. Although the spectral broadening is comparable, the coherence degree is shown to vary with different pumping conditions. It decreases with higher peak power and longer duration due to the significant competition between the soliton-fission process and the noise-seeded modulation instability. By controlling the input pulse parameters, it is possible to generate a perfectly coherent supercontinuum with a flat broadened spectrum extending from ~1 μm to ~5μm in this fiber taper.

We propose and demonstrate a hybrid mode-locked erbium-doped fiber ring laser by combining the rational harmonic mode-locking technique and passive mode locking based on nonlinear polarization rotation in a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber. By carefully adjusting the modulation frequency and the polarization controllers in the cavity, a 30 GHz pulse train with improved stability and narrower pulse width is generated. The pulse width at 30 GHz using rational harmonic mode locking alone is 5.8 ps. This hybrid scheme narrows the pulse width to 1.9 ps at the repetition rate of 30 GHz. Numerical simulations are carried out that show good agreement with the experimental results.

A fiber ring laser which implements hybrid mode locking technique has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated to generate pulse train at 20 GHz repetition rate with ultrashort pulse width. Graphene and charcoal nano-particles acting as passive mode lockers are inserted into a rational harmonic mode-locked fiber laser to improve the performance. With graphene saturable absorbers, the pulse duration is shortened from 5.3 ps to 2.8 ps, and with charcoal nano-particles, it is shortened to 3.2 ps. The RF spectra show that supermode noise can be removed in the presence of the saturable absorbers. Numerical simulation of the pulse transmission has also been carried out, which shows good agreement with the experimental results.

An axially non-uniform tapered As 2 S 3 planar waveguide has been designed for mid-IR supercontinuum generation. The dispersion profile is varying along the propagation distance. Numerical results show this scheme significantly broadens the generated continuum, extending from ~1 μm to ~7 μm.

We numerically study the broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in a non-uniform SF57 microstructured fiber. The dispersion of the fiber is tailored by linearly varying the air hole diameters along the propagation distance. The fiber has zero dispersion at two wavelengths. This allows a continuous shift of the higher zero dispersion wavelength to a longer wavelength. Results show this scheme can significantly broaden the generated spectrum.

A mode-locked erbium-doped fiber ring laser that is easy to set up is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to generate a high-repetition-rate optical pulse train with an ultrashort pulse width. The laser combines a rational harmonic mode-locking technique and charcoal nanoparticles as saturable absorbers. Compared to a solely active mode-locking scheme, the scheme with charcoal nanoparticles can remove the supermodes and narrow the pulse width by a factor of 0.57 at a repetition rate of 20 GHz. Numerical simulation of the laser performance is also provided, which shows good agreement with the experimental results.

The design and performance of two optical latches, the Set–Reset (SR) latch and D-Flip-Flop has been studied. These latches are the building blocks of large optical processors. The latches are built using two optical logic operations NAND and NOT. Both NAND and NOT operations are realized by using Mach–Zhender interferometer (MZI) utilizing semiconductor optical amplifier with quantum dot active region (QD-SOA). Nonlinear dynamics including carrier heating and spectral hole-burning in the QD-SOA are taken into account together with the rate equations in order to realize the all-optical logic operations. Results show that this scheme can realize the functions of Set–Reset latch and D-Flip-Flop at high speeds (∼250 Gb/s). The dependence of the output quality (Q factor) on QD-SOA parameters is also discussed.

A scheme to generate high speed optical pulse train with ultra short pulse width is proposed and experimentally studied. Two-step compression is used in the scheme: 20 GHz and 40 GHz pulse trains generated from a rational harmonic actively mode-locked fiber ring laser is compressed to a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of ~ 1.5 ps using adiabatic soliton compression with dispersion shifted fibers (DSF). The pulse trains then undergo a pedestal removal process by transmission through a cascaded two photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-nonlinear optical loop mirrors (NOLM) realized using a double-ring structure. The shortest output pulse width obtained was ~ 610 fs for 20 GHz pulse train and ~ 570 fs for 40 GHz pulse train. The signal to noise ratio of the RF spectrum of the output pulse train is larger than 30 dB. Theoretical simulation of the NOLM transmission is conducted using split-step Fourier method. The results show that two cascaded NOLMs can improve the compression result compared to that for a single NOLM transmission.

The performances of all-optical logic gates XOR, AND, OR, NOR and NAND based on semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) have been simulated including the effects of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). For the parameters used, all-optical logic gates using SOA are capable of operating at speed of 80 Gb/s.

In this paper we theoretically study the broadband mid-IR supercontinuum generation (SCG) in a lead-silicate microstructured fiber (the glass for simulation is SF57). The total dispersion of the fiber can be tailored by changing the core diameter of the fiber so that dispersion profiles with two zero dispersion wavelengths (ZDWs) can be obtained. Numerical simulations of the SCG process in a 4 cm long SF57 fiber/fiber taper seeded by femto-second pulses at telecommunications wavelength of 1.55 µm are presented. The results show that a fiber taper features a continuous shift of the longer zero dispersion wavelength. This extends the generated continuum to a longer wavelength region compared to fibers with fixed ZDWs. The phase-matching condition (PMC) is continuously modified in the fiber taper and the bandwidth of the generated dispersive waves (DWs) is significantly broadened.

In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a mode locked fiber ring laser with the implementation of a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) to generate pulse train at high speed. This fiber ring laser combines rational harmonic mode locking based on a Lithium Niobate Mach-Zehnder modulator and nonlinear polarization rotation from a highly nonlinear PCF. By fine tuning of the modulation frequency and the polarization controllers in the cavity, a 30 GHz pulse train with pulse width 1.9 ps is generated. Without the PCF, the pulse width at 30 GHz from the rational harmonic mode locking is 5.8 ps. We also conduct numerical simulations of the pulse evolution, which shows good agreements of the experimental results.

We report a dual-wavelength amplitude-equalized rational harmonic mode-locked fiber laser operating at up to 40 GHz based on the technique of nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) in a highly nonlinear fiber. A theoretical simulation shows that NPR structure can introduce a self-feedback mechanism to stabilize the two simultaneously lasing wavelengths. By carefully adjusting the polarization controllers (PCs) in the cavity, amplitude-equalized pulses at two different wavelengths have been obtained.

When the two-photon absorption of a high intensity pump beam takes place in a semiconductor optical amplifier there is an associated fast phase change of a weak probe signal. A scheme to realize fast all-optical XOR logic function using two-photon absorption induced phase change has been analyzed. Rate equations for semiconductor optical amplifiers, for input data signals with high intensity, configured in the form of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer has been solved. The input intensities are high enough so that the two-photon induced phase change is larger than the regular gain induced phase change. The model shows that both XOR operation and pseudo-random binary sequence generation at 250 Gb/s with good signal to noise ratio is feasible.

We present experimental investigations of the dynamical properties of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) and their impacts in all-optical signal processing using SOAs. We introduce ultrafast optical signal characterization techniques to fully characterize the gain and phase dynamics of SOAs. We elucidate a consequence of the slow carrier recovery as pattern-dependent phase fluctuation in wavelength conversion of on-off -keyed signals. We also analyze the conversion of the phase fluctuation into amplitude fluctuation limiting the performance of all-optical xor operation. Finally, the performance of all-optical wavelength conversion of differential phase-shift-keyed signals is presented with emphasis on regeneration of the phase information.

We have studied high speed optical logic utilizing ultrafast two-photon absorption (TPA) induced phase change in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA). Results show that this scheme can realize all-optical logic and encryption at data speeds to 250 Gb/s.

An all-optical logic AND gate is demonstrated by using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The AND results are numerically analyzed by solving the rate equation of SOA. Q-factor values have been calculated. The operation of the AND logic gate is experimentally demonstrated at 80 Gb/s. Operation at higher data rates is feasible using SOAs with shorter phase recovery time.

All-optical xor operation has been demonstrated using a semiconductor optical amplifier Mach-Zehnder interferometer (SOA-MZI) and delayed interferometer (DI) at 80 Gb/s. The DI is based on a polarization maintaining loop (PML) mirror. The results show using the PML-DI in series with the SOA-MZI improves the pulse quality of the xor result

The feasibility of an all-optical logic AND gate is demonstrated by using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based on the Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The AND results are numerically analyzed by solving the rate equation of SOA. The operation of the AND logic gate is experimentally demonstrated at 80 Gb/s. Operation at higher data rates is feasible using SOAs with shorter phase recovery time. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1672–1675, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21708

All-optical OR operation has been demonstrated using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and delayed interferometer (DI) at 20 and 40 Gb/s. The DI is based on a polarization maintaining loop mirror. Q-factor of the operation is discussed through the numerical simulations. The results show the OR gate operation rate is limited by the carrier lifetime and the input pulse energy.

In this paper we review functional applications of semiconductor optical amplifiers. For example, wavelength conversion, optical demultiplexing, and optical logic elements are discussed, which are attractive from the point of view of potential applications in all-optical networks and optical time division multiplexed systems.

In this paper, we demonstrate a technique for suppressing the intensity noise of the erbium doped fiber lasers. We show that by introducing negative feedback into the system through the use of a self-biased intracavity loss modulator, the relaxation oscillation noise of the fiber laser could be suppressed by as much as 20 dB. To explain the observed noise reduction phenomenon, a simple theory based on teh linearized rate equation has been developed and also been supported by experimental measurements. We also derive a formula for estimating the maximum achievalbe intesity noise suppression ratio.

All-optical XOR functionality has been demonstrated experimentally using an integrated SOA-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (SOA-MZI) at 20 and 40 Gb/s. The performance of the XOR results has been analyzed by solving the rate equation of the SOA numerically. The high-speed operation is limited by the carrier lifetime in the SOA. In order to solve the limitations imposed by carrier lifetime, a differential scheme for XOR operation has been experimentally investigated. This scheme is potentially capable of XOR operation to >100 Gb/s.

In this paper, we present an experimental demonstration of a high-quality optical pulse train generation at 80 Gb/s. The successful operation was achieved via two steps. In the first step, an ultrastable 2-ps (FWHM), 40-Gb/s pulse train was generated using the technique of fourth-order rational harmonic mode locking. The mode-locked laser was stabilized using a regenerative-type base-line extraction feedback technique. In the second step, an external fiber loop mirror consisting of several meters of polarization-maintaining fiber was used to double the repetition rate from 40 to 80 Gb/s. The output of the 80-Gb/s pulse train shows very small pulse-to-pulse amplitude fluctuation with good long-term stability.

A scheme to generate return-to-zero on-off keying (RZ-OOK) high speed all-optical pseudo random bit sequence (PRBS) using binary phase shift keyed (BPSK) signal based on quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers (QD-SOA) has been designed and studied. The PRBS is generated by a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) composed of all-optical logic XOR and AND gates. The XOR gate is composed of a pair of QD SOA Mach-Zehnder interferometers, which can generate BSPK signal to realize all-optical logic XOR gate. Results show that this scheme can mitigate the patterning effects and increase the operation speed to ~250Gb/s.

In this article, we present a theory of the pulse train generated by a rational harmonic mode locked ring fiber laser. The pulse width is calculated as a function of the rational harmonic order and the optical transfer function of the modulator. The theoretical work is based on a time domain analysis, which predicts that the pulse width decreases when the rational harmonic order goes up. The pulse width as a function of the modulation amplitude and bias level of the modulator was measured, and the experimental results agree with the theory.

We demonstrate a stable dual-wavelength actively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser operating at 20 GHz. A highly nonlinear fiber is used to compensate the frequency chirp caused by regular single-mode fiber in the optical cavity. Dual-wavelength pulse trains with pulsewidths ~1.4 ps are obtained.

Erbium-doped fiber lasers at repetition rate of 40 and 80 GHz are demonstrated in an injection-locked and rational harmonic mode-locked ring cavity. The cavity has a polarization-maintaining loop mirror. The injection-locking pulse is generated at repetition rates of 20 and 40 GHz from another rational harmonic mode-locked fiber laser. When these pulses are injected into the second fiber laser, pulses at twice the repetition rates viz. 40 and 80 GHz are produced

A model is used to analyze the gain and phase dynamics of a semiconductor optical amplifier with a carrier reservoir (CR-SOA). Coupled rate equations are solved numerically. Due to the fast transition of carriers from the carrier reservoir layer to the active region, the CR-SOA is shown to have faster gain and phase response than a regular SOA. Increasing the injection current will also decrease the response times.

In this work, an optical short pulse generator is designed consisting of a pulse compressor and cascaded notch filter type repetition rate doublers. The performance characteristics such as pulsewidth and peak power as a function of design parameters are studied. The pulse compressor is optimized based on the simulation results. The 6-ps-wide pulses at 20-GHz repetition rate directly generated from mode-locked fiber laser are compressed to 1.25-ps-wide pulses. Using a set of polarization-maintaining fiber loop mirrors, the repetition rate is quadrupled and stable 1.45-ps-wide pulses at 80 GHz are achieved.

A multiwavelength fiber laser source is demonstrated with a semiconductor optical amplifier as the gain medium. A delayed interferometer is incorporated in the ring cavity serving as a comb-like multichannel filter. A stable 75-wavelength simultaneous operation spaced at 40 GHz with the extinction ratio of 40 dB is achieved. By tuning the cavity loss, the center wavelength of the generated lasing waveband could be varied by as much as 20 nm.

We have designed a tapered-rib waveguide and numerically studied the generation of supercontinuum using such waveguides. The Air-SF57 glass-SiO(2) waveguide is 3 cm long, with a varying etched depth to manage the total dispersion. Numerical simulations are conducted for input pulses at a wavelength of 1.55 μm with a width of 150 fs and peak power of 5 kW. The proposed waveguide geometry greatly broadens the output spectrum, extending from ∼1 to ∼6 μm, caused by the continuous modification of the phase-matching condition for the generated waves.

We have studied the broadband mid-IR supercontinuum generation in a lead-silicate tapered microstructured fiber for femto-second input pulses at 1550 nm. The supercontinuum generated extends from ~1000 to ~ 5000 nm for a suitably designed tapered fiber. The coherence properties of the supercontinuum depends on the input pulse parameters. It is possible to generate perfectly coherent supercontinuum with a flat broadened spectrum extending to ~5000 nm in this fiber taper.

In this paper we numerically study the coherence properties of the supercontinuum generated in a lead-silicate microstructured fiber taper, with an increasing core radius along the propagation distance which tailors the dispersion property. Simulations are conducted by adding quantum noise into the input pulse at 1.55 μm, and the complex degree of first-order coherence function and the overall spectral coherence degree are both calculated. Although the spectral broadening is comparable, the coherence degree is shown to vary with different pumping conditions. It decreases with higher peak power and longer duration due to the significant competition between the soliton-fission process and the noise-seeded modulation instability. By controlling the input pulse parameters, it is possible to generate perfectly coherent supercontinuum with a flat broadened spectrum extending to ~5μm in this fiber taper.

InGaAs-GaAs separate confinement, heterostructure single quantum-well (SCH-SQW) lasers (/spl lambda/=0.98 /spl mu/m) with lattice-matched InGaP cladding layers, using a new Ga/sub 2/O/sub 3/ low reflectivity (LR) front-facet coating, are reported. The CW peak power density (17 MW/cm/sup 2/) of 6 /spl mu/m/spl times/750 /spl mu/m ridge-waveguide lasers is limited by thermal rollover, and repeated cycling beyond thermal rollover produced no change in operating characteristics. The high-power temperature distribution along the active stripe has been measured by high-resolution infrared (3-5 /spl mu/m) imaging microscopy. The temperature profile acquired for a very high optical power density P/sub D/=11 MW/cm/sup 3/ was found to be uniform along the inner active laser stripe, and revealed a local temperature increase at the LR front facet /spl Delta/T/sub f/ of only 9 K above the average stripe temperature /spl Delta/T/sub s/=24 K. An excellent front-facet interface recombination velocity >