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the relevance of a case in point is need for rigid, stable three-dimensional fixing of the bottom jaw at lack of teeth and possibility of an exact reconstruction of necessary height both on clinical, and at laboratory stages., актуальностью рассматриваемого нами вопроса является необходимость в жесткой, стабильной трехмерной фиксации нижней челюсти при полном отсутствии зубов и возможность точного воссоздания необходимой высоты нижнего отдела лица как на клинических, так и на лабораторных этапах., актуальністю розглянутого нами питання є необхідність жорсткої, стабільної тривимірної фіксації нижньої щелепи при повній відсутності зубів і можливість точного відтворення необхідної висоти нижнього відділу особи як на клінічних, так і на лабораторних етапах.

Effective therapy of patients with onychomycosis is a real challenge. Difficulties in treatment are caused by genetically determined resistance of micromycetes to drugs and acquired resistance. Antifungal therapy is used to treat multiple lesions of the nail plates. An important factor contributing to onychomycosis is extremity devascularization, which may be caused by diabetes mellitus. However, the problem becomes even more urgent if we take into account the fact that, along with officially registered type 2 diabetes mellitus, in a significant part of the population the diagnosis is undetermined, while many people have impaired glucose tolerance. Systemic antimycotics are known to be toxicants, however, the changes in patients with onychomycosis and impaired carbohydrate tolerance remain poorly understood. The purpose of our study was to compare the changes in blood chemistry value in patients with impaired carbohydrate tolerance and patients without concomitant pathology during systemic antifungal therapy. Materials and Methods. Within three months of therapy with oral antifungal drugs, 98 patients with onychomycosis were examined at Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Skin and Venereal Diseases Clinic for basic blood chemistry values. Results. It was found that during antifungal therapy, all patients demonstrated a statistically significant increase in liver function tests: AST, ALT, bilirubin, cholesterol, and some patients had a slightly elevated urea and alkaline phosphatase levels. Conclusion. The revealed changes in the hepatobiliary system, which is subjected to a pronounced load in case of impaired carbohydrate metabolism and systemic antimycotic therapy, will help to create an algorithm for onychomycosis diagnosis and treatment in patients with impaired carbohydrate tolerance. Key words: onychomycosis, impaired glucose tolerance, liver function tests. Эффективная терапия больных онихомикозом представляет собой сложную задачу. Трудности лечения обусловлены наличием генетически детерминированной устойчивости микромицетов к препаратам и приобретенной резистентностью. При тотальном или множественном поражении ногтевых пластин проводится терапия системными антимикотическими препаратами. Важным фактором, способствующим развитию онихомикоза, является нарушение кровоснабжения конечностей, что может быть обусловлено сахарным диабетом. Однако актуальность проблемы становится еще более очевидной, если принять во внимание данные, свидетельствующие о том, что, наряду с официально зарегистрированными случаями сахарного диабета 2 типа, у значительной части населения диагноз не установлен и наблюдается нарушенная толерантность к глюкозе. Проблема гепатотоксичности системных антимикотиков известна, однако особенности этих изменений у больных онихомикозами с нарушенной толерантностью к углеводам остаются малоизученными. Целью нашей работы явилось проведение сравнительного анализа изменения биохимических показателей крови у пациентов с нарушенной толерантностью к углеводам и пациентов без сопутствующей патологии при лечении системными антимикотическими препаратами. Материалы и методы. В течение трех месяцев терапии пероральными противогрибковыми препаратами у 98 пациентов с онихомикозами были исследованы основные биохимические показатели крови. Результаты. Установлено, что на фоне терапии антимикотическими препаратами у всех пациентов наблюдалось статистически значимое повышение печеночных проб: АСТ, АЛТ, билирубина, холестерина, а у некоторых пациентов отмечалось незначительное повышение мочевины и щелочной фосфатазы. Выводы. Выявленные изменения состояния гепатобилиарной системы, которая подвергается выраженной нагрузке при нарушении углеводного обмена и применении системных антимикотических препаратов, позволят разработать алгоритм диагностики и терапии онихомикозов у пациентов с нарушенной толерантностью к углеводам. Ключевые слова: онихомикоз, нарушение толерантности к глюкозе, печеночные пробы.

Introduction. A multimodal approach to the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer with the addition of systemic or local treatment methods, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, reduces the risk of cancer recurrence, thus improving survival of patients. Advances in anticancer therapy dictate the need to develop systems for assessing tumor response to new treatment modalities.Material and Methods. The study included 162 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who received treatment at the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology from 2015 to 2018. All patients underwent subtotal gastric resection or gastrectomy with lymph node dissection and previously received neoadjuvant polychemotherapy. Patients were in the age range 30 to 80 years old. The tumor pathomorphological response to chemotherapy was assessed in all patients using a pathomorphological response rate system according to the classification of the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (JGCA, 3rd English edition). All patients underwent computed tomography with pneumogastrography before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immediately before surgery. For each of 162 patients, 96 qualitative and quantitative biomarkers of tumor and paragastric lymph node imaging were analyzed.Results. The accuracy of determining the tumor response rate using computed tomography with pneumogastrography was 82.6 % for TRG-0/1, 90 % for TRG-1/2, and 88 % for TRG-2/3. Discussion. The tumor pathomorphological response to treatment is a predictor of long-term results; however, it can be assessed only after analyzing the surgical specimen, and this marker cannot be used in inoperable cases and for correction of palliative chemotherapy. The study of imaging biomarkers based on quantitative and qualitative data reflecting the histopathological features of the tumor and lymph nodes can help determine the tumor regression grade and optimize treatment.Conclusion. The proposed algorithm for assessing the response grade of locally advanced gastric cancer to chemotherapy using imaging biomarkers is a promising prognostic marker and requires further study.

The study of the processes and mechanisms of the medium group mass nuclear systems formation (formed in reactions with protons) has both an important fundamental and practical significance. These tasks are especially important for the production of medical radionuclides, which are used for the effective early diagnosis and treatment of the various cancers. Combining the methods of radionuclide imaging with the methods of radionuclide therapy (therapy plus diagnostics—theranostics), it is possible to implement unique methods of non-surgical treatment of tumors with their precise visualization and minimal side effects. Therefore, in this work the experimental and theoretical studies of the nuclear reaction excitation functions with targets: 117Sn and 119Sn in the proton energy range of 6–18 MeV are carried out. Cross sections of the formation of antimony radionuclides are obtained for these reactions, and the mechanisms of such reactions are analyzed. Antimony radionuclides are promising for use in theranostics.

Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and acute myopericarditis during the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic appear to be a relevant and interesting issue. We present a clinical case of a 55-year-old female patient with an atypical presentation of NSTEMI. Initially, the disease resembles an acute viral infection. It was known that the patient came in contact with COVID-19 infection. Taking into account that the patient had dull left chest pain unrelated to physical activities, low-grade fever, elevated levels of troponin T and acute phase reactants, absence of wall motion abnormalities, the patient was assessed as having acute viral myopericarditis. Contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed signs of myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography confirmed myocardial infarction and the patient underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In the article we discuss the value of electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography and MRI in the NSTEMI diagnosis, and also additional difficulties in the COVID-19 pandemic era. Due to high probability of myopericarditis the patient received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs instead of optimal medical therapy and early PCI. Our clinical case demonstrates that despite of COVID-19 pandemic significant elevation of troponin level requires adherence to the acute myocardial infarction algorithm. © 2021, Remedium Group Ltd. All rights reserved.

Introduction. An actual problem of modern dentistry is the anomalies of the position of the lower jaw. The share of these diseases in the structure of requests for dental care can reach up to 27%. The most common pathology is distal occlusion, which accounts for 25 to 37% of all occlusion abnormalities. The aim of this work was to describe and demonstrate on a clinical example the method of orthopedic treatment of patients with distal occlusion proposed by the authors. Material and methods of research. The paper presents a new method of orthopedic treatment of patients with distal occlusion using a deprogrammer of the original design. Orthopedic treatment of patients was carried out on the basis of a multidisciplinary clinic of Postnikov in the city of Samara. Using the method proposed by the authors, orthopaedic treatment was performed in 36 patients with distal occlusion. For clarity, the article considers an original clinical case of treatment of a patient with distal occlusion, who was made a deprogrammer of the author's design, with a detailed analysis of each stage of diagnosis and orthopedic treatment. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed technique, a CT scan of the patient's temporomandibular joint was performed before and after orthopedic treatment. As a result of the treatment, the patient has a decrease in the hypertonicity of the masticatory muscles, which made it possible to position the lower jaw in the position of the central ratio, which is confirmed by CT data. Conclusion. The use of a deprogrammer-mouthguard, the proposed design allows for deprogramming of the masticatory muscles and correctly determining the central ratio of the jaws, and can be used in the treatment of patients with distal occlusion.

The article presents data from an original study to assess the quality and effectiveness of teaching "obstetrics and gynecology" using distance technologies during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. The necessity of using simulation platforms for full and high-quality training in one of the main applied medical disciplines of the surgical profile is substantiated.

The advantages of computed tomographic pneumogastrography with the possibility of three-dimensional visualization and virtual gastroscopy in diagnosing gastric cancer are considered. The study included 479 patients with histologically diagnosed gastric cancer who were treated at the National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Petrov from 2011 to 2018. 232 patients received preoperative chemotherapy. All patients underwent surgery: 70 —in the volume of endoscopic dissection, 40 — proximal subtotal resection, 166 — distal subtotal resection, 203 — gastrectomy. All patients at the preoperative stage underwent staging computed tomography on a 64-slice X-ray computed tomograph: 208 patients underwent computed tomography according to the standard protocol without targeted preparation of the stomach for the study, 271 patients with targeted preparation of the stomach for the study according to the computed tomographic pneumogastrography protocol. The sensitivity of the computed tomography in assessing the T-stage was assessed by comparison with pathomorphological data. Of the 208 patients who underwent computed tomography according to the standard protocol, a gastric cancer was detected in 111 (53.4%), out of 271 patients who underwent computed tomography pneumogastrography, a gastric cancer was detected in 267 (98.52%), which is a statistically significant difference in comparing computed tomography methods (Pearson, χ ² — 144.223, df = 1; p < 0.001). There are statistically significant differences when comparing computed tomography according to the standard protocol and computed tomographic pneumogastrography in detecting gastric cancer for all tumor categories: T/yT1 — 8.2 and 94.4% (Pearson, χ ² — 99.205, df = 1; p < 0.001), T/yT2 — 47.8 and 100% (Pearson, χ ² — 24.681, df = 1; p < 0.001), T/yT3 — 72.3 and 100% (Pearson, χ ² — 33.114, df = 1; p < 0.001), T/yT4 — 90.0 and 100% (Pearson, χ ² — 4.789, df = 1; p = 0.029) respectively. There are also statistically significant differences when comparing the sensitivity of computed tomography according to the standard protocol and computed tomographic pneumogastrography in determining tumor invasion for all tumor categories: T/yT1 — 0 and 69.4% (Pearson, χ ² — 67.880, df = 1; p < 0.001), T/yT2 — 26.1 and 71.1% (Pearson, χ ² — 11.666, df = 1; p < 0.001), T/yT3 — 32.9 and 84.6% (Pearson, χ ² — 54.900, df = 1; p < 0.001), T/yT4 — 73.3 and 95.7% (Pearson, χ ² — 7.916, df = 1; p = 0.005) respectively. In general, the sensitivity of the computed tomography according to the standard protocol for determining the T-stage of gastric cancer was 28.4%, computed tomographic pneumogastrography — 77.1% (Pearson, χ ² — 113.505, df = 1; p < 0.001). Computed tomographic pneumogastrography with the possibility of three-dimensional visualization and virtual gastroscopy significantly increases the indicators of the effectiveness of diagnosing gastric cancer — both early forms (category T1) and with deeper invasion (categories T2–T4), demonstrates high sensitivity in determining T/yT-stages.

Relevance. The most important condition for a successful result of dental implantation is high-quality osseointegration of dental implants. In the literature, the issue of the quality of osseointegration is widely covered, which directly depends on the primary stability of dental implants. In the area of bone tissue remodeling, surrounding the installed dental implants, there are permanent processes of bone resorption and its restoration [1, 2]. The aim is to reveal the reactivity of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in the biological fluid (saliva) in patients after dental implants. Materials and methods. The collection and analysis of clinical material was carried out on the basis of the Clinics of the Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia. Dental implantation surgery was performed in 184 patients aged 32 to 65 years. The gender ratio was 2:3 (40 men and 60 women). The teeth were lost due to poor oral hygiene and caries complications. Results and discussion . At the time of admission of patients to the department of the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of the Clinics of the Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, the bulk of the patients had a low hygienic status. The OHI-S index averaged 2.74 ± 0.33 conventional units. (control – 0.50 ± 0.07 c.u.). In order to reduce the negative influence of microorganisms in the supra- and subgingival dental deposits, all patients underwent professional oral hygiene, as well as antimicrobial therapy. At the time of installation of dental implants, the average OHI-S and M u llemann-Cowell index was 0.72 ± 0.06 and 0.57 ± 0.06 conventional units, respectively. Conclusions. 1. The increase in the titer of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin during dental implantation is not statistically significant. 2. TCRF in the oral fluid (saliva) exhibits maximum activity by the 14th day, exceeding the initial three times. This indicator remains at an increased level in the period up to six months from the beginning of the operation. 3. Revealing the values of the TRKF titer after the operation of dental implantation is advisable to use as an assessment of the state of trophic processes occurring in the bone tissue.

Development of specific protection in susceptible carnivores against COVID-19 caused by zoonotic agent is of great importance for maintaining epidemic and veterinary favourable situation in the Russian Federation and prevention of new coronavirus infection spread in humans. Development of inactivated adsorbed whole-virion vaccine (Carnivac-Cov) against coronavirus infection (COVID-19) for carnivores intended for specific disease prevention in fur animals and pet animals (cats and dogs) and tests of the vaccine for its safety and effectiveness are described in the paper. The vaccine was developed and tested at the FGBI “ARRIAH” (Vladimir) subordinated to the Rosselkhoznadzor in accordance with the Russian Federation legislation requirements. Clinical trials were carried out on fur farms, in veterinary clinics and animal shelters. More than 330 animals (fur animals, cats, dogs) were involved in the preclinical and clinical trials. The trials have demonstrated that the vaccine is safe for target animals. Carnivac-Cov vaccine administered twice intramuscularly at the dose of 1.0 cm3 induces anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response 14 days after the second administration that lasts for at least 6 months. The vaccine transportation, storage and application do not require any specific protective equipment. The vaccine can be used on fur farms and in veterinary clinics without limitations. Carnivac-Cov is the first tool for specific COVID-19 prevention in animals. The vaccine has successfully passed comprehensive quality control and is registered in the Russian Federation.

Flutter of unmanned aircraft at hypersonic speeds is one of the understudied problems facing the designers of hypersonic vehicles. Modern methods for calculating aeroelastic stability either solve simplified versions of real problems (for example, without taking physicochemical phenomena into account) or require high computing power. This paper describes a methodology for calculating the supersonic and hypersonic flutter of an aircraft using standard engineering software and additionally developed software modules. The justification of the need to refine the existing methods for calculating the aircraft aeroelasticity taking into account the real geometry of the structure and with the possibility of accounting for physicochemical processes occurring in the air during the movement of bodies at high speed is provided. The theoretical principles of calculating aeroelastic stability taking into account these factors are developed, and three examples of calculating the aeroelastic stability of model objects are given.

The summary presents the main results of the work of the Samara branch of the RAS Scientific Council for the Methodology of Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Research, created in 2007 on the basis of S.P. Korolev Samara National Research University (Samara University). The Samara branch of the Council and the Samara University held international conferences on information technology, information society, science fiction, established Artificial Intelligence Center as well as completed interdisciplinary technical and humanitarian research projects in the field of socio-humanitarian cybernetics, digital models of creative processes, computational aesthetics.

We report on the results of optimizing a single flat heat pipe into an arrangement of heat pipes. A comparison is drawn at the same temperatures and occupied volumes and for a specific maximum temperature of radio-electronic devices. The end result of our studies is that the limiting heat transfer capacity has been found for a single heat pipe and two- and three-level heat pipe assemblies with various heat transfer media. Versatility of the mathematical model enhanced by the optimization method has been proved

Aim: to objectively assess potential for early generalized postpartum infection diagnostics prior to the onset of irreversible organ changes based on a retrospective analysis.Materials and Methods. Сlinical and laboratory forensic medical data were examined by analysing 29 cases of severe maternal outcomes coupled to sepsis: including 17 «near miss» and 12 deceased patients (maternal mortality). The control group consisted of 30 patients who had chorioamnionitis in labor and successfully completed pregnancy. Statistical data analysis was carried out by using nonparametric statistics by creating conjugacy tables and assessing a relationship between parameters with Pearson χ2 distribution.Results. There were found significant differences in rate of some symptoms in both groups. Patients with severe maternal outcomes vs. control group were significantly more likely to develop hyperthermia ≥ 38.0 °C or hypothermia ≤ 36.0 °C, hectic fever, leukocytosis ≥ 12×109/L or leukopenia ≤ 4×109/L before the end of pregnancy; after pregnancy, persistent subfebrility, febrility or hypothermia, hectic fever, multiple-organ failure syndrome (PON), as well as uterine subinvolution and abnormal discharge from the genital tract were observed.Conclusion. Early identification of recognized symptoms of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and PON allows to properly assess severity of patient condition, taking into account the risk of generalized infection, contributes to making correct diagnosis and timely implementation of adequate organizational and therapeutic measures.

The production of hadrons containing heavy quarks as well as the fragmentation of dense nuclear matter clusters accompanied by an increase in the yield of heavy flavor particles can be studied at the energies of colliding nuclei in the NICA collider. The concept of a vertex detector based on silicon pixel detectors was therefore developed for the effective registration of short-lived particles in the Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) experiment at the NICA collider. Estimates of the main characteristics of this vertex detector are obtained.

The problem of the optimal placement of a nonuniform set of cargoes on board the given set of aircraft is investigated. The problem under consideration is formalized as a mixed integer linear programming problem in which the number of items on board the highest priority aircraft and the total mass of objects loaded are optimized. In this case, the priorities of the aircraft are calculated using the combined methods of multicriteria analysis of the alternatives. The technology of searching for its exact solution, implemented in the form of an open web service, is proposed.

The article formulates the categories of general semiotics: sign, meaning, semiosis, layer and vector of semiosis. The purpose of the reasoning is to show the methodology of semiotic research as such, and general semiotics as ontology. The result of the reasoning is to demonstrate the semiotic circle of cognition and activity, which includes objects of perception as signs of sensory perception, objects of mind as signs of language and concepts of reason as complexly organized signs of reflexivity. The receptive and projective vectors of semiosis are introduced as direct cognition and reflexive activity respectively. The transition from cognition to activity - as intuition, organized via the models of aphorism, dialogue or system as philosophical inventions in the sense of I.I. Lapshin. The problem of the new that arises in intuition is considered as a question of the transformation of a specific semantic, syntactic or pragmatic rule in the layer of perception, mind or reason. The ontological thesis supported in the reasoning is that objects, subjects or concepts are not entities, but the rules of semiosis from the standpoint of general semiotics. By virtue of the fact that the conditions for the possibility of sign activity are the rules, by virtue of the rules constitute an objective unsigned meaning extracted by semiotic reflexivity, insofar as they objectively exist in the interaction of the environment and the subject.

The tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy is a rare case of reversible heart failure and left ventricle disfunction. The diagnostic approach and treatment strategy are described in this article. Also the clinical case of heart failure compensation in the patient with left ventricle dilatation and atrial flutter after the reverse to sinus rhythm is after catheter ablation presented.Кардиомиопатия, индуцированная тахикардией, это редкая причина обратимой сердечной недостаточности вследствие дисфункции левого желудочка. В статье разобраны механизмы данного заболевания и подходы к терапии кардиомиопатии, индуцированной тахикардией, представлен клинический случай достижения компенсации явлений недостаточности кровообращения у пациента с дилатацией камер сердца и трепетанием предсердий после восстановления синусового ритма путем катетерной аблации.

This article presents data of monitoring critical obstetric conditions (maternal near miss) for the purpose of auditing the quality of medical care and prevention of maternal mortality, obtained on the basis of an analysis of statistical data from eleven federal subjects of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation for 2018-2019. We characterized the critical obstetric conditions that allow avoiding maternal mortality cases, which, in modern legal practice, most often require forensic examinations on the fact of providing obstetric and gynecological medical care of inadequate quality. We determined that the main causes of maternal mortality cases (83.1% in 2018 and 84.0% in 2019) were massive obstetric bleeding and complications of severe preeclampsia, which more often occurred during childbirth and the first days of the postpartum period. All patients who survived a near death condition belonged to the group of high obstetric and perinatal risk, but most of them were delivered in obstetric hospitals of the second level, with more than half of the women by caesarean section. We discussed the main ways of preventing and reducing the incidence of critical obstetric conditions and maternal mortality based on the improved modern integral model of internal quality control of medical care in obstetric institutions. We also discussed the findings based on the introduction into practice of medical, organizational and methodological (including telecommunication and other) technologies aimed at increasing professional competencies in the regions of the country. Special attention is drawn in this article to the need to systematize and develop uniform and clear criteria for assessing critical obstetric conditions.

Introduction. At the moment, after performing a cystectomy, one of the most urgent issues remains the choice of technique for performing uretero-intestinal anastomoses. Materials and methods. The search of the information was conducted in the Pubmed and Scopus databases, with a scientific electronic library Elibrary.ru and websites of professional urological and oncological associations. The search was performed for the keywords «Radical cystectomy», «uretero-intestinal anastomosis», «bladder cancer», and «neobladder». For citation in the article, 44 publications were selected. We also present our own data – long-term functional results of radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer for the period from 2016 to 2020. Results. The article presents a literature review on the development of modern methods for creating uretero-intestinal anastomoses in various clinical situations. The methods are presented in chronological order of their description in the literature, indicating the advantages, disadvantages and long-term results. In all 75 cases included in the analysis, a direct uretero-intestinal anastomosis was performed. In the early postoperative period, the failure of the anastomosis with the development of urinary peritonitis was detected in 2 (2.7%) patients. Six months after the operation, unilateral anastomotic stricture was detected in 2 patients (2.7%). Reflux of urine, without radiological signs of expansion of the renal cavity system and decreased renal function, was observed in 1 patient after orthoptic plastic surgery of the bladder. Conclusion. Performing urinary-intestinal anastomoses without antireflux mechanisms does not lead to deterioration of long-term functional results and is associated with a low frequency of strictures.

An approach to selecting the optimal composition of multicomponent blast-furnace burden based on a set of mathematical models for predicting change-of-state transformations of iron-ore raw materials, as well as for calculating chemical composition and properties of primary and final products of smelting, is presented. The results of predictive-analytical studies of the change in the indices of high-temperature properties of iron-ore materials and formed primary molten slags with respect to the distribution features of burden components along the radius of the throat for burden conditions of one of the blast furnaces are considered. The performed evaluation of the calculated indices of primary melts and their comparison to the technological requirements to iron-ore raw materials is a constituent part of designing an algorithm for solving an optimization problem of selecting the composition of a blast-furnace burden in the expert system under development.

Aim. To study the effectiveness of a wound dressing made of powdered cotton cellulose for open surgical wounds in the oral cavity. Methods. The effectiveness of a wound dressing made of powdered cotton cellulose during vestibuloplasty was assessed based on clinical indicators. The study included 197 children aged 812 years (boys 91, girls 106), divided into 2 groups the main group (100 children treated with powdered cotton cellulose wound dressing) and the comparison group (97 children, treated with a surgical gauze dressing). The number of children in clinical groups was determined by the copy-pair method. The dynamics of the postoperative period was assessed according to traditional clinical indicators (the presence of pain, inflammatory edema, hematomas, healing time, etc.). The severity of general and local clinical signs was determined by using the system of its assessment in points developed by us. Differences were considered significant at p 0.05. Results. In the postoperative period, the patients of the main group had no complications in contrast to the patients of the comparison group, who had pronounced edema and hematomas of the soft tissues of the chin, edema and hyperemia of the displaced flap. Changes in clinical signs severity in points also prevailed in the comparison group (p 0.001). The surgical wound showed complete epithelialization after 11.40.7 days in the main group and after 13.50.9 days in the comparison group. The reduction in the duration of treatment was 2.10.8 days. Conclusion. When using a wound dressing made of powdered cotton cellulose, the wound is protected from the aggressive environment of the mouth, including microflora, food debris, etc., which excludes the possibility of its secondary infection; there is no pain, postoperative inflammatory edema and hematomas; the surgical wound healing time is reduced; there are no contraindications, no side and allergic reactions.

Subject of the study: to identify the relationship between the quality of life in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and moderate periodontal disease with indicators before and after periodontal treatment. Objective: to determine an integral assessment of the quality of life in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and moderate periodontal disease before and after traditional periodontal treatment and with the use of new technologies. Methodology. The study involved 120 patients aged 45-65 years with a diagnosis of chronic generalized periodontitis and moderate periodontal disease. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the main group (60 people) and the control group (60 people). The integrated assessment related to dental health was determined based on the questionnaire for determining the "dental health impact Profile OHIP-14"index. Patients of the main and control groups completed the questionnaire 3 times: before treatment, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Results. Periodontal treatment with the use of new technologies in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and periodontal disease of moderate severity showed an improvement in 3 main indicators of the quality of life level for the problem with food intake, the problem in communication and the problem in everyday life. Conclusion. The use of directed tissue regeneration and the method of carboxytherapy for local treatment in patients with moderate periodontal disease in the main group compared to traditional treatment showed a significant positive dynamics of subjective signs. Reducing the clinical manifestations of diseases allowed patients to lead a full life, without experiencing the inconvenience associated with eating and communicating with people.

The study was aimed to the experimental verification of the authors’ hypothesis that in elderly people an endogenous functional mechanism develops during late ontogeny to protect muscle effectors of the cardiovascular system (CVS) against negative effects of excessive activity of the sympathetic nervous system by partial replacement of its neurotransmitter norepinephrine with humoral catecholamines. Experiments were carried out using our original method of arterial piezopulsometry which allows evaluation of cardiohemodynamic parameters, as well as the spectral power of oscillations of VmaxPP and TNN parameters of arterial blood pressure pulse waves caused by regulatory effects of the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems. Such a replacement is assumed to be crucial for raising the metabolic tolerance of the CVS in elderly people to an age-related increase in oxygen deficiency, as well as for reducing the incidence of tachyarrhythmia, stenocardia and other cardiac pathological conditions under the influence of psychoemotional and physical stressors.

The search for new materials that would improve the physical and mechanical properties of basic plastics is very urgent. The aim of this study was to study the physical and mechanical characteristics of photopolymer resins for removable prosthetics. To study the physical and mechanical characteristics, experimental and laboratory tests of photopolymer resins (type 4) for SLA printing on 3D printers NextDent Denture 3D +, Dental Pink and Denture Base Resin were carried out, based on ISO. Conclusion. Laboratory study of the physical and mechanical properties of base plastics, on samples of photopolymer resins for SLA printing on a 3D printer "NextDent Denture 3D +", "Dental Pink" and "Denture Base Resin" based on ISO, allow us to conclude that all test indicators samples exceed the minimum values specified in ISO 1567: 1999.

Plural chronic odontogenic pockets of infection in drug addicts combined with application of fluorinated hand-crafted drugs effected in a growth of number of odontogenic osteonecrosis associated with drug intoxication. Desomorphine drug mixture includes derivatives of codeine and toxic substances. Various versions of surrogate drug synthesis presuppose different combinations of phosphorus, boric acid, alcohol solution of iodine and alcali. As a rule, necrotic lesions of jaws of drug addicts are diffuse ones never showing any tendency for demarcation at the first stages of disease. The aim of the study is to improve the provision of medical care to patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw. Materials and methods. Within the period between 2008—2019 90 specific patients (19—55 years old, including 68% male parients and 32% female ones) got the surgical treatment at the maxilla-surgical unit. All abovementioned patients suffered from focal and diffuse osteonecrosis of the jaws, connected with the makeshift desomorphine application. Clinic case study shows, that bone tissue of maxilla and mandibula is a target organ, when speaking of the desomorphinic addiction. Exacerbation of chronic odontogenic pockets of infection and teeth extraction are the starting points of disease progression. That said, the integral part of phosphorus in the process of disease progression is supposed to be proven. As regards the etiology and pathogenesis, the disease may be referred to as the odontogenic toxic phosphoric osteonecrosis. Results. The present article dwells upon the question of jaw bone tissue structure alteration in the course of odontogenic osteonecrosis treatment provided to the patients, addicted to hand-crafted desomorphine, containing phosphorus. All the patients are subdivided into the following typical groups: 1) those suffering from tooth socket osteomyelitis after extraction of the tooth without tendency for demarcation, 2) those suffering from local osteonecrosis of dental segments, 3) those suffering from diffuse lesions of maxilla and mandibula, 4) those suffering from total lesion of facial skeleton and basis cranii, 5) convalescents with defects of jaws after the termination of necrosis inflammation. The present article describes the remodeling of bone after rejection and extraction of maxilla and mandibula sequestrum. Conclusions. The article presents a hypothesis, showing that preservation of the ossified periosteal layers, being formed around osteonecrosis area, is highly important for new formation of bone tissue after the admission of fluorinated hand-crafted drugs to the patient’s organism is stopped.

The correction of free radical oxidation processes is one of the most promising strategies of neuroprotection in acute cerebrovascular disorders.The aim of the study is an experimental study of the neuroprotective effects of 3-hydroxypyridine and erythropoietin derivatives, as well as their combined use.Materials and methods. The study was performed on 109 male Wistar rats. The neuroprotective effect of the substances was studied on a hemorrhagic stroke model. The study drugs were administered to the animals intraperitoneally. Carbamylated darbepoetin was administered three times in advance at the dose of 100 µg/kg within intervals of 3 days, the last injection took place 1 hour before the operation (the total dose was 300 mg/kg). Etoxidol was administered once 1 hour before the surgery at the dose of 50 mg/kg. The survival rate, behavioral features and the state of the animals on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days were recorded, and the morphological assessment of the brain was carried out.Results. The investigated substances had a positive effect on both the survival rate of the animals during the first day and on the 14th day. The best survival rates on the 14th day were recorded in the group of a combined use of ethoxydol and carbamylated darbepoetin (75%). Thus, in this group of rats, a faster recovery of neurological disorders was already distinguished from the first day on. By the 7th day, more than 50% of the rats receiving the combination of the studied drugs, had had a slight neurological deficit (up to 3 points on the McGrow scale); by the 14th day there had been only minor changes in the neurological status in the rats of this group. A pronounced neuroprotective effect of the combination of 3-hydroxypyridine and erythropoietin derivatives has been confirmed by a histological examination of brain slices – a more rapid decrease in the size of perifocal edema and microcirculation disorders, less damage to neurons and glial elements, and faster processes of resorption and organization of hemorrhage. A macroscopic examination of the brain sections stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride of the dying rats, showed that perifocal necrosis had been the main cause of high mortality in the control group after the 3rd day.Conclusion. As a result of the experiment, the nephroprotective effect of the studied derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine and erythropoietin has been proved. Moreover, the combination of these drugs has shown a greater neuroprotective activity than their isolated use. The additive effect of these drugs was due to their action mechanism resulting from the synergism of various structures and components of the cells.

The authors have proposed an all-cast pin splint, whose technological feature is the ceramic lining of the over-the-bar part, which acts as a covering aesthetic structure, provides better distribution of the functional load and binds firmly mobile teeth affected by chronic moderate localized periodontitis. The paper offers a view at the outcomes of a comparative analysis of the stress-strain state of periodontal tissues, teeth, and cortical bone in chronic moderate localized periodontitis at the anterior group of teeth in the lower jaw, when they are splinted with a specially designed splint and a conventional metal-ceramic monolithic splint by finite element modeling. The developed 3D mathematical model included, as the initial data, the features of the periodontium, of dental tissue and of cortical bone. There was an examination carried out focusing on the distribution of stresses, which occur when using the designed splint under the impact of multidirectional loads of 130 N, acting strictly down relative to the tooth longitudinal axis (vertically), and a load at an angle of 45°. The proposed method of splinting reduces the maximum stress in the periodontium at a vertical load by 26.9%, while at a side load of 45° it reduced the stress by 34.7%, if compared to a traditional monolithic metal-ceramic splint.

For retrospective (post-mission) analysis of the work–rest schedule (WRS) of Russian ISS crewmembers, missions from 40/41 to 53/54 were grouped depending on whether there were three (ISS 40/41–49/50) or two cosmonauts (ISS 50/51–53/54). Signs of strenuous WRS were noted in 62% of mission weeks in the first group and in 94% of weeks in the second group. The cosmonauts had to work overtime irrespective of mission durations. In the first group, overtime averaged 25 min daily or 3 h weekly. In the second group, daily and weekly overtimes averaged 1 h 51 min or 13 h, respectively, which is four times longer than in the first group. Sleep hours during missions shifted clockwise and counterclockwise. The magnitude of sleep shifting varied between 30 min and 12 h. As a rule, sleep duration was 6–7 h and, in the opinion of most cosmonauts, was sufficient for good rest and recovery.

Aim. To study the factors associated with contrast-induced acute kidney injury in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Material and Methods. A retrospective analysis of 514 electronic medical records of patients aged 75 years and over (38% men and 62% women) with confirmed acute coronary syndrome has been performed. The contrast-induced acute kidney injury was defined as an increase in serum creatinine ≥26.5 μmol/L in 48 h or as an increase in serum creatinine in 1.5 times within 7 days after the contrast media exposure. Patients were divided into contrast-induced acute kidney injury and non-contrast-induced acute kidney injury group. Clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were extracted from patients' medical records. Procedural characteristics were obtained from laboratory database.Results. Angiographic intervention was performed in 74% of patients, 32% of them (more often in women, p=0.033) were diagnosed with contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Patients with contrast-induced acute kidney injury are characterized by a higher death rate (17% и 3%, pConclusions. Prevention particular care should be taken to female patients older than 75 years with ACS, with a history of the chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction or acute heart failure (Killip class II-IV), and with a high volume of contrast media, highlighting that a perioperative comprehensive management strategy is needed to improve the prognosis.

In this paper the authors consider the materials of one of the leading American analytical magazines Foreign Affairs, devoted to the Chinese Civil War in 19291950. The novelty of this study lies in the analysis of assessments of key actors and assessments of the situation in the country as well as a possible outcome of the conflict which were made by American journalists. The authors provide the results of the analysis of Foreign Affairs articles for the formation of Mao Zedong image in connection with the events of that time. The authors reviewed the main arguments of the American press, which revealed that the problem of the civil war was one of the components of the complex problem of planning a post-war reconstruction of the world. The United States was primarily interested in changes in the balance of power in the Far East, tried to assess the possible outcomes of the conflict and how they would affect the United States itself (mainly in the economic sphere). But as the victory of the Chinese Communist Party, headed by Mao Zedong, approached the Kuomintang support from American experts weakened. The study of this information phenomenon will allow researchers to understand what impact on Sino-American relations was made by an influential American analytical magazine through the formation of ideas about China, the Chinese people and their political elites.

A new algorithm of 6-coordinate tracking of a moving object on a sequence of RGB-images that is based on the convolutional neural network is proposed. Training the neural network is carried out by using the synthesized data of the object with a dynamic model of motion. A Kalman filter is included into the feedback from the network output to its input to obtain a smoothed estimate of the object coordinates. Preliminary results of object tracking on synthesized images demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed approach.

Today, in an age of high speeds and scientific discov-eries, people are trying with all their might to speed up the process of developing and publishing a new product. One of these ways is the use of rapid proto-typing technique (rapid creation of a prototype of the equipment being developed to conduct a series of tests on it or to refine it to the final product). In the begin-ning, classical methods (turning, milling, stamping) were used to make prototypes, but this was inconven-ient for a number of reasons (such production of blanks generates a large amount of waste, the work must be performed by qualified personnel). Therefore, in the 80s of the last century, an alternative appeared - the object is not made "at once" (from a workpiece by changing its shape), but layer by layer (moreover, rather unusual materials are used - metal and plastic powders, various types of clay, polymers sensitive to light), after which the layers are held together. This review focuses on common 3D printing technologies used in dentistry. Technologies and schemes of 3D printing are presented.

Purpose of the study. To evaluate the clinical and economic efficiency of colorectal cancer screening model in the Yaroslavl region. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, we have given a clinical and economic assessment of the existing approach to the diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer. We have also developed a clinical and economic model of colorectal cancer screening strategy in the Yaroslavl region. After that, we made a comparative assessment between the strategies on such parameters as total costs, efficiency, and CER coefficient. Results. The strategy for the absence of colorectal cancer screening has a cost-effectiveness rate equal to 246 712 rubles (3820$)/LYG, with the value of added years of life in 2.9 years. According to our calculations, the implementation of the program of screening of CRC based on fecal occult blood immunochemical method, followed by the implementation of colonoscopy in the case of a positive result, will require an increase in funding for patients with colon cancer by 6.9% per year. At the same time, by changing the structure of morbidity and increasing the part of early forms in the implementation of the screening program, an increase in the estimated life expectancy of patients will be achieved, which is consistent with the long-term results of programs conducted in Europe and the United States. The CER for the screening strategy is 103.95 thousand rubles (2030$) / LYG. Long-term modeling shows that the introduction of screening program will reduce the incidence of CRC by 12% from the baseline by the 15th year of implementation and reduce the cost of diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer by 16.1% per year without taking into account inflation expectations. Conclusion. The introduction of a colorectal cancer-screening program at the regional level is clinically effective and cost-effective.

Activating RAS mutations occur in more than a half of colorectal cancers (CRCs). RAS-mutated CRCs are notoriously difficult to treat given that they are characterized by the aggressive disease course and the lack of appropriate targeted therapies. Recent preclinical studies demonstrated that RAS-mutated cells escape from therapeutic MEK inhibition by the development of autophagy, and this escape may be prevented by the administration of an antimalarial drug, hydroxychloroquine. The available clinical data are limited to a single case observation involving a patient with KRAS-mutated pancreatic cancer. Here, we report a woman with KRAS G12D-mutated CRC, whose tumor did not respond to conventional therapy. The combination of binimetinib, hydroxychloroquine, and bevacizumab was administered as a last-hope option. The patient experienced rapid improvement of the performance status. The tumor lumps demonstrated 17% reduction in the size within the first 6 weeks of the therapy. This report calls for evaluation of the efficacy of a combination of MEK inhibitors and hydroxychloroquine, possibly with the addition of bevacizumab, in chemotherapy-resistant patients with RAS-mutated cancers.

Onychomycosis is a long-standing challenging problem. Effective treatment of patients with onychomycosis is a difficult task. Genetically determined resistance of micromycetes to drugs and acquired resistance contribute to problematic treatment. Systemic antimycotic therapy is conducted in case of total or multiple lesions of ungueal plates. The problem of hepatotoxicity of systemic antimycotics is known; however, lesion pattern in patients with onychomycosis and impaired carbohydrate tolerance are still understudied. The purpose of the work is to study functional changes in the main indicators of the hepatobiliary system in patients with impaired carbohydrate tolerance under antimycotic therapy. Materials and Methods. The study enrolled 11 patients with impaired carbohydrate tolerance. They underwent a biochemical blood test before treatment with oral antimycotic drugs and a month after treatment onset. At presentation, 4 patients revealed a slight increase in total bilirubin and ALT; other findings were normal. Patients took systemic antifungal drugs, providing for the identified sensitivity of pathogens. Results. All patients under antimycotic therapy demonstrated a statistically significant increase in liver tests. Conclusion. The revealed changes in the hepatobiliary system under a pronounced load in case of systemic antimycotic therapy allow us to develop an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of onychomycosis in patients with impaired carbohydrate tolerance. Keywords: onychomycosis, impaired glucose tolerance, liver function tests. Онихомикозы представляют собой давнюю проблему с неубывающей актуальностью. Эффективная терапия больных онихомикозом представляет собой сложную задачу. Трудности лечения обусловлены наличием генетически детерминированной устойчивости микромицетов к препаратам и приобретенной резистентностью. При тотальном или множественном поражении ногтевых пластин проводится терапия системными антимикотическими препаратами. Проблема гепатотоксичности системных антимикотиков известна, однако особенности изменений у больных онихомикозами с нарушенной толерантностью к углеводам остаются малоизученными. Цель работы – изучение функциональных изменений основных показателей гепатобилиарной системы у пациентов с нарушенной толерантностью к углеводам на фоне антимикотической терапии. Материалы и методы. Отобрана группа из 11 пациентов с нарушенной толерантностью к углеводам, которым было проведено биохимическое исследование крови до лечения пероральными антимикотическими препаратами и через месяц после его начала. При первичном обследовании у 4 больных выявлено незначительное повышение общего билирубина и ALT, остальные показатели находились в пределах нормы. Пациенты принимали системные противогрибковые препараты с учетом выявленной чувствительности возбудителей. Результаты. На фоне терапии антимикотическими препаратами у всех пациентов наблюдалось статистически значимое повышение печеночных проб. Выводы. Выявленные изменения состояния гепатобилиарной системы, подвергающейся выраженной нагрузке при применении системных антимикотических препаратов, позволяют разработать алгоритм диагностики и терапии онихомикозов у пациентов с нарушенной толерантностью к углеводам. Ключевые слова: онихомикоз, нарушение толерантности к глюкозе, печеночные пробы.

Mycoplasmosis control remains urgent in view of wide spread of bovine mycoplasmoses in the countries with intensive animal farming and trade relations between the Russian Federation and foreign partners including import of pedigree livestock and stud bull semen. Results of testing 1,186 biomaterial samples (blood, sera, nasal swabs, milk, preputial swabs, vaginal swabs, aborted and stillborn fetuses) collected from animals that demonstrated clinical signs of respiratory and reproductive disorders in 34 different regions of the Russian Federation for 2015–2018 are presented in the paper. The samples were tested with real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) for genomes of the following mycoplasmosis agents: Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Mycoplasma dispar. As a result, M. bovis genome was detected in 10.1% of the samples, M. bovigenitalium genome was detected in 8.6% of the samples and М. dispar genome was detected in 37.15% of the samples. Also, 927 semen samples submitted from Russian and foreign breeding farms were tested with PCR. Test results showed presence of M. bovis and M. bovigenitalium genomes in semen samples collected from native bull population. Presented data support Russian scientists’ conclusions on wide mycoplasmoses occurrence in cattle in the Russian Federation territory and risk of the disease agent introduction through semen import. All of these highlight the need for control of semen products as a source for mycoplasmosis spread as well as insufficiency of single testing of semen for granting the disease-free status to the breeding farm for genetic material marketing.

The new coronavirus infection, which was identified in Wuhan (Hubei province, China) in late 2019, caused an outbreak of severe pneumonia. The disease quickly spread throughout China and was followed by a dramatic increase in number of new cases in other countries of the world. Certain population groups that require particular attention include pregnant women due to the fact that pneumonia is the third-leading indirect cause of maternal mortality. Among the controversial issues in the management of pregnant women with COVID-19, special attention should be paid to the tactics of prolonging pregnancy and approaches to childbirth. The available scientific and clinical data are currently insufficient to perform a complete assessment of perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19. Researchers and practical healthcare specialists have more questions than answers due to the limited time and number of studies, lack of evidence of vertically transmitted infection from mother to fetus, absence of clear understanding of viral pathogenesis during pregnancy, as well as the level and degree of initiation of SARS-CoV-2 pathological processes in the mother and fetus that can have a negative influence on the perinatal This review is devoted to the analysis of pregnancy and childbirth outcomes, presentation of current approaches to the management of women with novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 during pregnancy and childbirth on the basis of the available literature data in the domestic and foreign clinical guidelines.

Studies have been carried out on the purification of biogas from sulfur compounds, carbon dioxide and water vapor for subsequent use in micronizer burners. The possibility of bringing it to the parameters of natural gas of the following composition: methane (CH4) – 85 % vol., carbon dioxide СО2 – 11 % vol., water vapor – 9 mg/m3, hydrogen sulfide H2S - 20 mg/m3 with minimal energy costs for its preparation is demonstrated. The basic relationships are obtained for assessing the design and technological parameters of the infrared radiation burners operation. Experimental studies of the flame stability limits on perforated ceramic nozzles have shown that flashback through them is possible when the thermal power is increased to a certain critical value. In this case, the thermal power depends on the type of gas and the air content in the combustible mixture. The heat balance equations have been derived to optimize the designs and operation modes of infrared radiation burners. The design of 40 gas burners was improved by changing the geometric dimensions and shape for a uniform distribution of biogas supplied and sustainable combustion over the entire area of the burner. It was established that the temperature of the heating surface of the GIK-8 burner on gas mixtures with a CO2 content of 18-34 % is 900-950 ° C, which does not differ from the nominal temperature when operating on natural gas. The infrared heating system was modernized, adapted for burning purified biogas with methane content up to 98 %, in particular, the biomethane feed and control system, the additional biogas input system, and the automatic burner control system were improved.

Subject. Data on the prevalence and epidemiology of chronic periodontitis are presented. The main treatment protocols for this pathology and the most common complications arising from its neglect or inadequate treatment are presented. The goal is to conduct a retrospective analysis of the incidence of chronic generalized periodontitis in the period from 2015 to 2019 in medical institutions of the dental profile of the city of Samara Methodology. During the study 21368 medical records were studied in the period from 2015 to 2019, and errors in filling out 2910 medical records of primary patients were analyzed. The quality of conducting 18458 medical records was assessed in the provision of dental care for patients with a diagnosis of chronic periodontitis. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the statistical program package “Statistica” for the formation of clear approaches in the diagnosis, treatment methods and prevention of this pathology. Results. An analysis of medical records showed that the highest prevalence of chronic periodontitis was observed in the 55―64-year-old age group (29.82 % of those examined), while 67.5 % of the patients showed a generalized form of chronic periodontitis, and 32.5 % localized. The treatment of such patients was carried out comprehensively and included both conservative methods of treatment, as well as surgical and orthodontic treatment. Stabilization in chronic generalized and localized periodontitis of mild degree occurred in 45 % of patients, in medium ― in 33.4 %, and in severe ― in 8.5 %. Conclusions. The frequency of occurrence of patients with a diagnosis of "chronic periodontitis" by referral to dental clinics is about 86 %. At the same time, the positive outcome of the treatment currently remains at an extremely low level, especially in the treatment of patients with a severe degree of development of chronic periodontitis. This is largely due to the neglect by the dentists of the proposed treatment protocols.

Recent initiatives by cultural heritage institutions in addressing outdated and offensive language used in their collections demonstrate the need for further understanding into when terms are problematic or contentious. This paper presents an annotated dataset of 2,715 unique samples of terms in context, drawn from a historical newspaper archive, collating 21,800 annotations of contentiousness from expert and crowd workers. We describe the contents of the corpus by analysing inter-rater agreement and differences between experts and crowd workers. In addition, we demonstrate the potential of the corpus for automated detection of contentiousness. We show that a simple classifier applied to the embedding representation of a target word provides a better than baseline performance in predicting contentiousness. We find that the term itself and the context play a role in whether a term is considered contentious.

Quasioptical THz wave receiver based on the widely accessible pyroelectric detector like PM-4 has been studied. The necessary components (modulator, receiver, preamplifier, synchronous detector, ADC module, and controller) are considered. The NEP of the pyroelectric detector was measured at 140GHz. Also, with the help of the Michelson interferometer, the wavelength measurements have been done. It is shown that the pyroelectric detector together with the mentioned components can be used to solve a number of problems in the THz frequency range, which do not require high sensitivity of the receiver.