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Objective: The primary purpose of the current study was to establish Turkishsmoothed centile charts and Lambda, Mu, Sigma (LMS) tables for four-site skinfoldthickness based on a population-based sample, and secondary purpose was toelaborate a reference for the percentage of body fat.Design: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted between Januaryand May 2017. Triceps, biceps and subscapular, suprailiac skinfold thicknesseswere measured using Holtain skinfold caliper. Age- and gender-specific percentilevalues were determined with the LMS method, and body fat percentage was calculatedusing the Westrate and Deurenberg equation.Setting: Afyonkarahisar province in Turkey.Participants: The current study was conducted on 4565, 6–18-year-old students.Results: The triceps, biceps and subscapular skinfolds of the girls were higher thanthe boys. From the age of seven, the sum of four skinfold thicknesses of the girlswas more than those of the boys. This difference became more evident after theage of 12. Although fat percentages of girls showed a fluctuating change, itdecreased with the age in boys. Westrate and Deurenberg equation fat percentagesof girls until adolescence were lower than boys, but increased after 12 years of ageand exceeded that of boys.Conclusions: The current study has provided sex- and age-specific reference valuesfor skinfold thickness and has shown that obesity in girls is higher than in boysin schoolchildren in Afyonkarahisar. The current study has also shown that skinfoldthickness measurements are a valuable tool for screening obesity in children.

Anne-bebek bağlanması, gebelik döneminden başlayıp, doğum ve doğum sonu dönemde devam eden bir süreçtir. Kadın sağlığı alanında çalışan hemşire ve ebelerin prenatal bağlanmanın desteklenmesinde önemli rol ve sorumlulukları bulunmaktadır. Bu derleme ile literatür ışığında prenatal bağlanmayı değerlendiren ölçüm araçlarının, etkileyen faktörlerin ve destekleyici kanıta dayalı uygulamaların sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan literatür incelemesi sonucunda; gebelerde anne-bebek bağlanmasını değerlendiren ve Türkçe geçerlik-güvenirliği yapılmış olan “Maternal-Fetal Bağlanma Ölçeği”, “Prenatal Bağlanma Envanteri”, “Anne Doğum Öncesi Bağlanma Ölçeği” ve “Prenatal Bağlanma Ölçeği”ne ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmalarda prenatal bağlanmayı etkileyen pek çok bireysel ve çevresel faktörün olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ulaşılabilen deneysel çalışmalarda prenatal bağlanmayı; fetal hareket sayımı, leopold manevrası uygulaması, gebe eğitimi ve danışmanlık, baba eğitimi, doğuma hazırlık eğitimi, gevşeme egzersizi ve rehberli imgeleme, bilişsel davranışçı terapiler, yoga ve meditasyon uygulamalarının desteklediği, müzik dinletmenin ise etkilemediği gösterilmiştir. Hemşirelerin düşük prenatal bağlanma riski olan gebelere ucuz ve non-invaziv olan bu uygulamalar hakkında eğitim ve danışmanlık vermesi, gebenin kendisi için seçeceği en uygun yöntemi kullanması için desteklemesi önerilmektedir. Ayrıca ülkemizde prenatal bağlanmada kanıta dayalı uygulamaların etkinliğini test eden çalışmaların sınırlı olduğu, daha fazla randomize kontrollü çalışmalara gereksinim olduğu saptanmıştır.

Objective: Access to health centers was restricted during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, which hit our country in March 2020. Ensuring the medical control of patients who were followed up in the neurology outpatient clinic with the tele-medicine method was an important step to decrease the viral load of patients and physicians. This study aimed to share our tele-medicine experience with patients with movement disorders. Materials and Methods: The data of 71 patients with movement disorder who communicated with our unit between March 11, 2020 and June 20, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 117 verbal and written interviews with 71 patients were mostly conducted via WhatsApp®. The evaluation of reasons for physician consultation revealed that patients most frequently communicated for worsening rigidity and prescription-drug requests. Of these interviews, 25 (21.4%) resulted in setting patient appointments for a physical examination. The tele-medicine service in 92 (78.6%) interviews solved the problem without physical contact with patients. Conclusion: Movement disorder evaluations are suitable through teleconference. Therefore, our teleneurology application, which we actively use, is effective in reducing the risk of viral transmission to both patients and healthcare workers during the pandemic. Developing telemedical applications is necessary in terms of their legal aspects and implementation in the world, especially in our country.

OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-related cases and deaths are ongoing throughout the world, but there is still no effective drug in its treatment, and the vaccine supply is not adequate for the global population. It is important that pharmacists have sufficient knowledge and awareness to prevent and control the disease. COVID-19 has been widely covered in the media, which has been a source widely used by healthcare professionals. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and impressions of community pharmacists about COVID-19 and the factors affecting them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The questions in this survey were formed using the guideline created by the World Health Organization, a guide composed by the Turkish COVID-19 Scholarly Commission, and data disclosed to the public on the website of the Ministry of Health. The questionnaire was designed with Google forms and then applied to community pharmacists all over Turkey by sharing the survey link. RESULTS: Analyses of 393 questionnaires showed that Ministry of Health/government statements, the internet (scientific sources), and the media were the preferred sources of information (96.7%, 89.6%, and 84%, respectively). “Ways to avoid COVID-19” was the most searched title (96.9%). It was determined that the names of the two drugs most frequently mentioned by the participants to be used in the treatment of COVID-19 in Turkey were hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin (57.5%; 50.1%, respectively). Participants who received information from the media gave less education to patients/customers on personal protection measures against COVID-19 (83.3%) and symptoms of COVID-19 (78.8%); however, their behavior regarding the training of pharmacy personnel was found to be the opposite. It has been determined that about half of the participants (46.6%) mostly trust the Ministry of Health regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: Media and other sources influence the knowledge, behavior and impressions of pharmacists’. Having a high level of knowledge positively affects people’s behavior. It is important for pharmacists to have accurate information about COVID-19 and to transfer their knowledge to the community to provide patient education and to prevent/control the spread of COVID-19.

Purpose The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the diagnostic accuracy of susceptibility-weighted angiography (SWAN) in the diagnosis of slow-flow cerebral vascular malformations, especially developmental venous anomaly (DVA). We also aimed to determine the prevalence of DVAs identified by SWAN at 1.5 T. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 1,760 axial SWAN images for the diagnosis of low-flow vascular anomaly. Among them were 305 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced examination due to different indications. Postcontrast images were analyzed by different radiologists who were blinded to patients. The presence of DVA and other features such as location, length, depth, and direction of drainage vein was evaluated. Results Twenty-six patients with DVA had both SWAN and postcontrast images. There were four false-negative patients with SWAN. The sensitivity of the SWAN sequence was 84.6%. In addition, totally 77 DVA (4.36%), 2 capillary telangiectasia (0.11%), and 2 cavernous malformations (0.11%) were detected in 1,760 patients. Conclusion SWAN is an effective method for the diagnosis of developmental venous anomalies and other low-flow cerebral vascular malformations. Especially in the pediatric age, susceptibility-weighted imaging sequences are useful to limit contrast use.

This study aimed to determine the most important perfusion score in patient selection for coronary angiography (CA) by quantitatively evaluating myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS).Patients who underwent MPS single-photon emission computerized tomography/computed tomograph imaging in our clinic between December 2017 and January 2019, without coronary artery disease (CAD) history, followed by CA were included in the study. CA was considered positive when there is a stenosis of 70% or more in at least one coronary vessel. The summed stress score, rest score, and differential score; total perfusion deficit (TPD); and the defect's extent obtained from non-attenuation-corrected (NC) and attenuation-corrected (AC) images of 80 patients were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. A p value of0.05 was considered significant. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed.The scores obtained from NC and AC images showed a significant difference between the two groups for all scores except for the extent and TPD scores at rest from AC images. The applied ROC curves' highest diagnostic value was determined as the TPD score at stress (TPDS) obtained from NC images (area under the curve: 0.880, 95% confidence interval, 0.807-0.952, p0.001). The cut-off value obtained for the TPDS from the ROC curve was found to be 5.5.The scores obtained from NC images have more power to detect CAD than those obtained from AC images. Patients with no prior CAD history with TPDS score higher than 5 in MPS should be referred for CA with priority.Bu çalışmada miyokard perfüzyon sintigrafisinin (MPS) kantitatif değerlendirilmesiyle koroner anjiyografi (KAG) yapılacak hastalarının seçiminde en önemli perfüzyon skorunun belirlenmesi amaçlandı.Aralık 2017-Ocak 2019 tarihleri arasında kliniğimizde MPS tek foton emisyon tomografisi/bilgisayarlı tomografi (SPECT/BT) görüntüleme uygulanan ve daha önce koroner arter hastalığı (KAH) tanısı bulunmayan ve MPS sonrası KAG yapılan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. KAG sonucunda en az bir koroner damarda %70 veya daha fazla darlık izlenen hastalar koroner arter darlığı (KAD) açısından pozitif kabul edildi. Seksen hastanın atenüasyon düzeltilmemiş (NC) ve SPECT/BT ile atenüasyon düzeltilmiş (AC) görüntülerden elde edilen toplam stres skoru, toplam rest skoru, toplam perfüzyon bozukluğu ve extent puanları Mann-Whitney U testi ile değerlendirildi. P0,05 değeri anlamlı kabul edildi. Alıcı işlem karakteristikleri (ROC) analizi yapıldı.NC ve AC görüntülerinden elde edilen skorlar, ExtentRac ve TPDRac dışındaki tüm skorlar için iki grup arasında anlamlı fark görüldü. ROC eğrilerindeki en yüksek tanı değeri NC görüntülerinden elde edilen TPDS değeri olarak belirlendi (eğrinin altında kalan alan: 0,880, %95 güven aralığı, 0,807-0,952, p0,001). TPDS için ROC eğrisinden elde edilen kesim değeri 5,5 olarak bulundu.NC görüntülerden elde edilen skorların AC görüntülerden elde edilen skorlara göre daha fazla KAD saptama gücü vardır. Daha önceden bilinen KAH olmayan ve MPS’de TPDS skoru 5’in üzerinde olan hastalar KAG’ye öncelikli olarak yönlendirilmelidir.

Background We report a nosocomial outbreak caused by Burkholderia cepacia that occurred among six patients admitted in the medical and surgical intensive care unit between 04 March 2019 and 02 April 2019 in Istanbul, Turkey. Methods The outbreak investigation was launched on 11 March 2019 five days after the detection of B. cepacia in four different patients. We defined potential reservoirs and started environmental screening. We sampled the liquid solutions used in patient care activities. Pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed to determine the genetic relatedness of environmental and patient samples. Results Burkholderia cepacia was isolated in tracheal aspiration cultures of six patients. Three out of six patients developed healthcare-associated pneumoniae due to B. cepacia. Environmental cultures in the ICUs revealed B. cepacia growth in 2% chlorhexidine-gluconate mouthwash solution that been used in the colonized patients as well as in samples obtained from the unused products. PFGE revealed the patient and a specific batch of chlorhexidine mouthwash solution samples had a 96% similarity. Conclusion Contamination of medical solutions used in critical patient care could cause outbreaks and should be detected early by infection control teams. Graphic abstract

One of the important perceptions in evaluating the competitiveness of tourism enterprises is hygiene. Hygiene includes elements that prevent diseases and eliminate existing dangers for body integrity and health. Food-borne diseases become a common health problem in the event that personnel working in the kitchen departments of accommodation businesses lack personal hygiene knowledge and practices. In this study, it was aimed to determine the hygiene knowledge and practices of the personnel working in the kitchen departments of the accommodation establishments of different statuses, including hotels, hostels, apart hotels and boutique hotels, operating in Sanliurfa City Center. Within the scope of the research, 17 accommodation establishments were reached and a questionnaire form was applied to 207 kitchen personnel. The questionnaire form consists of three parts and a total of 40 questions. As a result of the analysis made; Although the personnel participating in the research know the effects of body bath in terms of cleanliness, the method of hand washing in accordance with the hygiene rules, dental health, and the correct application for nasal cleaning; It was concluded that she did not know the way of cutting her finger and toenails and the best application for cleaning her hair and feet.

To document the deterioration in pelvic organ support occurring throughout all trimesters during the first pregnancy of women with no known risk factors. Secondarily to make a comprehensive review in order to verify the current findings and methodologies of similar studies in the literature.In this prospective study, forty-one primigravid women with a singleton pregnancy were recruited during their first trimester. During follow-up pelvic organ support changes were documented by using Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system. Additionally, pelvic floor muscle strength examination, by modified Oxford scoring (MOS), and symptom assessment by Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-Short Form (PFDI-20) were performed at three time points: first (T1), second (T2), and third trimester (T3) (n = 33). The Wilcoxon test was performed to test the significance of pairwise differences. Spearman correlation coefficient was estimated to determine the linear association of the findings.Both distal and proximal anterior and posterior vaginal walls (Points Aa, Ba, Ap and Bp) with cervix (C) descended towards the hymen, throughout first pregnancy with a significant caudal shift on progressing from T2 to T3 (p ≤ 0.017). Posterior fornix (Point D) made a non-significant cranial shift (p = 0.527). The genital hiatus, perineal body and total vaginal length increased significantly (p ≤ 0.001). No significant difference in MOS was observed throughout pregnancy. The scores of PFDI-20 with all its domains worsened significantly during pregnancy, especially in T3 (p ≤ 0.011). Moderate correlations were observed between posterior vaginal descent and anorectal symptoms (rho 0.427, p 0.05), and between the changes in genital hiatus and prolapse symptoms (rho 0.406, p 0.05).A significant descent both in all compartments of vaginal wall and perineum with an increase in total vaginal length, was observed together with an associated pelvic floor dysfunction throughout the first pregnancy of women.

Background:This study aimed to evaluate the impact of tocilizumab treatment on clinical improvement in severe COVID-19 cases and the factors affecting clinical response.Methods:This single-center, retrospective, descriptive study was conducted on severeCOVID-19 patients. The ordinal scale of clinical status scores on the 0th, 1st, 3rd, and 7th days of tocilizumab treatment was calculated and compared for each patient. The ordinal scale of clinical status scores calculated on different days for the same patient was compared with Wilcoxon tests. The correlation between the clinical score and some laboratory parameters was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. Patients were grouped as responders and non-responders and compared by logistic regression analysis.Results:Forty-two patients were enrolled in the study. The median of the ordinal scale of clinical status scores on the 0th, 1st, 3rd, and 7th days of tocilizumab treatment were 6 (5 to 6), 6 (5 to 6), 6 (5 to 6), and 5 (4 to 7), respectively. When the clinical status scores on the 0 to 7 days of tocilizumab treatment were compared, the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.024, Wilcoxon). There was no statistically significant difference between day 0 and day 1 (p=0.317, Wilcoxon), day 0 and day 3 (p=0.467, Wilcoxon). By multivariate analysis, we determined that age ( OR: 0.91, 95% 0.84-0.98) and respiratory rate (OR:0.78, 95% 0.62-0.98) were factors affecting the response of tocilizumab treatment. No relationship was detected between laboratory parameters before tocilizumab treatment, including IL-6 levels and clinical response (p=0.756, Mann Whitney-U).Conclusion:The use of tocilizumab in younger patients with low oxygen support increases the chance of clinical response after treatment. Since the effect of laboratory parameters in predicting the clinical response of tocilizumab is limited, treatment indications should be determined based on clinical parameters.

Objective: Surgical weight loss is seen as an option for individuals with obesity. In this case study, it was aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of a vegan obese patient before and after bariatric surgery. Methods: A 26-year-old vegan obese male patient underwent sleeve gastrectomy in May 2016. He was followed up for one month preoperatively and two years postoperatively. The number of individuals adopting vegetarian/vegan lifestyle for various reasons has been increasing recently. To prevent nutrient deficiency after bariatric surgery, lifelong vitamin-mineral supplements and vitamin-minerals-rich food consumption are recommended. Results: A 26-year-old vegan obese male patient body mass index was 38.6kg/m2 and the postoperative 2nd year body mass index was 24.1kg/m2. Preoperative muscle mass was 76.2 kg, postoperative 2nd year 63 kg, preoperative body fat mass was 47.9 kg, postoperative 2nd year 9.2 kg. Conclusion: In this vegan case, preoperative and postoperative medical nutrition treatments were planned considering the type of surgery specific to the individual. Medical nutrition treatment is an important part of the multidisciplinary bariatric surgery process.

Aim: This study was conducted to determine nutritional changes in the working environment of resident physicians before and during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Resident physicians working at Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital and who agreed to participate were included in the study. Data were collected using an online questionnaire method developed by the researchers for determining demographic characteristics and nutritional changes in the study participants. Results were analyzed with the SPSS statistical program. Results: The COVID-19 outbreak affected the nutritional status of 82.2% of the resident physicians. The rate of physicians trying to eat a healthy diet during the pandemic was 79.1%. However, the number of physicians who increased their consumption of fruits and vegetables during the epidemic was 58.2%. During the pandemic, water consumption of the resident physicians was evaluated, and a 51.1% decrease in water consumption was found. While 78.3% of the physicians slept 6–8 hours per night before the pandemic, this rate decreased to 56.6% during the pandemic while the number of physicians who slept for 1 to 5 hours increased to 38% during the Covid-19 outbreak. A significant relationship between sleep duration before and during the pandemic was found (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The Covid-19 outbreak has greatly and continues to affect the living standards of resident physicians. During the study period, it was observed that the diet and sleep patterns of resident physicians who worked in an intense environment had been disrupted.

This study aims to assess the relationship between oxidative DNA damage and iron status in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to those with normal glucose tolerance in the first and the second trimesters of pregnancy. Maternal serum and urine samples were collected in the 11th-14th weeks and the 24th-28th weeks of gestation. In addition to oral glucose tolerance test in the second trimester, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, ferritin and hemoglobin levels were measured in blood samples. Urinary levels of oxidative DNA damage products 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) and 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosines (S-cdA, R-cdA) were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with isotope-dilution. In the first trimester, urinary 8-OH-dG levels were found higher in the GDM group (n = 33) than in the control group (n = 84) (p = 0.006). R-cdA and S-cdA levels were not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.794 and p = 0.792 respectively). When the cases were stratified according to their first trimester ferritin levels, women with ≥50th centile (≥130 ng/mL) demonstrated higher levels of 8-OH-dG and R-cdA than those under50th centile (p = 0.034, p = 0.009). In the GDM group, there was a positive correlation between the second trimester 8-OH-dG and ferritin and 1st-hour glucose levels (p = 0.014, p = 0.020). This is the first study where oxidative DNA damage is evaluated in both early and late periods of pregnancy. Our findings reveal an association between GDM and iron status and oxidative DNA damage.

We focus on students’ mathematical reasoning in a technology-enhanced collaborative learning environment. We adopt a dialogical approach to analyze students' mathematical reasoning. The participants of this study include six middle school students. The data consist of participants’ written productions, dynamic materials, and the transcriptions of the participants’ discourse. The analysis shows that the integration of dynamic mathematics software into the ACODESA method contributes to their collective mathematical reasoning productively. The use of dynamic mathematics software as mediational artefacts and productive discussion as semiotic mediation are also required to enhance the participants’ both structural and process aspects of mathematical reasoning. The mediational role of dynamic mathematics software also helps them to make dynamic connection between mathematical reasoning and proving. In addition, participants’ representations evolve in the technology-enhanced learning environment and this evolution contributes to the development of mathematical reasoning.

This article examines the hospitality practices of pro-migrant civil society organisations in Istanbul. Drawing from qualitative interviews, we focus on intersecting gendered, professionalised and faith-based aspects of pro-migrant activities and explore the ways that politically and morally charged ambivalences of hospitality practices are articulated and negotiated. Moreover, by contextualising Turkey’s religious and geopolitical particularity as a gatekeeper of Europe, we work with Derrida’s concept of plural laws to investigate hospitality practices towards refugees in Istanbul. Civil actors’ intentions and attempts to be good citizens, Muslims, and care providers expose the intimate aspects of hospitality – a segue into discourses of displaced subjects’ (gendered) deservingness. By portraying how macro–micro, global–local and public–private relations condition hospitality practices, we observe how globalisation is lived intimately, influencing perceptions of deservingness and the prioritisation of displaced subjects’ needs.

Do bisphenol A (BPA) levels in maternal urine, serum and follicular fluid affect embryo quality and intracytoplasmic sperm hinjection (ICSI) cycle outcomes in women with unexplained infertility?Prospective study conducted between 1 April 2019 and 30 September 2019. The study cohort consisted of 82 women aged between 23 and 33 years who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection owing to unexplained infertility and provided urine, blood and follicular fluid samples on the day of oocyte retrieval. Consumption of drinking water from plastic carboys or bottles at home were considered as chronic BPA exposure. Demographic features and IVF outcomes of the patients were collected.Among the 82 women with unexplained infertility, clinical pregnancy was achieved in 22 (26.8%) patients after the IVF and embryo transfer cycle. The patients who consumed tap water had statistically significantly lower BPA values in three body fluids compared with patients who consumed plastic bottled water (all P0.001). Women who had grade 1 embryos transferred had lower serum BPA values than women who had grade 2 embryos transferred (10.8 ± 5.2 versus 26.9 ± 22 ng/ml, P = 0.003). Serum and follicular fluid BPA levels were statistically significantly higher in women who failed to achieve clinical pregnancy (P0.001, P = 0.006, respectively) and obtain a live birth (both P = 0.007).A negative relationship was found between serum and follicular fluid BPA levels and embryo quality, clinical pregnancy and live birth in these women. In addition, the BPA levels of women who consume tap water at home were lower than those who use plastic bottled water.

Purpose – The study aimed to examine the factors affecting the use of cost methods which businesses use and product pricing over the auditing professional members working in the provinces of Bursa, Istanbul and others. Design / Method / Approach – By benefiting from the questionnaire questions belonging to the tested academic scales leading in the field of auditing, a model with four variables, two independent, one intervening and one dependent, was formed. In this model, a total of five hypotheses were established. In order to test the model, the research based testing method (RBV) was used. The questionnaire was administered via the permission basen on the 3rd June 2020 dated and 2020/3 numbered decision made by Bursa Uludag Universitesi Social Sciences and Humanities and Publication Ethics Committee. Design/methodology/approach – According to the findings, "cost methods" used by businesses have the highest effect on "price determination". Businesses subjected to auditing are mostly using normal cost method. Businesses using cost method are able to calculate better prices. In the tables, it is observed that the auditors' annual auditing number is low and the sample distribution results of the study are significant. "The records made in accordance with" accounting system is very important in cost determination. Moreover, a significant positive relationship was found between “appropriate record" and both cost calculation and "pricing decisions". Discussion – According to the obtained results, four of five hypotheses proposed in the study were accepted and one was rejected. Auditors believe that professional institutions do not give sufficient support to businesses about the matter of cost calculation. It is observed that the auditors accept the existence of a significant positive relationship between cost method and pricing. In this respect, from an auditor's perspective, recording is required to be made in accordance with the accounting system and POI (Public Oversight Institution) trainings require continuing. It was concluded that with sufficient professional support, recording made in line with the standards and the use of a cost method, businesses can work with more competitive price offers.

This study aims to determine the use of 20th-century expanded violin playing techniques in undergraduate-level conservatories; faculties of fine arts, education, music and performing arts, and arts and design. The study conducted a search in available national and international resources, such as books, refereed journals, and postgraduate theses, and scanned the literature for such techniques. The study used the survey model and identified 60 techniques. Furthermore, the study selected 30 violin instructorsto respond to 10 survey questions, four of which were open-ended. The search results indicated that a Bartok pizzicato and a right-hand touch pizzicato are the most common techniques, whereas a mallet and a glass stick used to strike the strings are the least common. The number of etudes/pieces used in teaching ranged between one and five. A majority of instructors do not use instructional books, necessary/useful in teaching the cited techniques in dedicated courses as part of instrument education through demonstration. The student profile is insufficient, indicating that students are not involved in the learning process. The study recommends that methods of teaching expanded techniques should be included in the curriculum to enhance the knowledge and preparedness of violin instructors educated in Turkey.

Background/aim: Targeting the new and unique proteins is an important medical strategy for treating breast cancer. It is quite important to find out proteins that have a role in the development of cancer. Sirtuins (SIRT) are well related in different physiological activities and connected with cancer. We aimed to determine the effect of radiotherapy on SIRT1 and SIRT2, which have not been yet been clarified as a tumor suppressor or promoter. Materials and methods: Twenty-two women with nonmetastatic breast cancer enrolled in the study. Blood samples were taken before and after radiotherapy, soluble SIRT1 and SIRT2 levels were determined with ELISA kits. Results: There was no difference in SIRT1 levels before and after radiotherapy (p = 0.548). SIRT2 levels were significantly found to be decreased after radiotherapy (p = 0.042). There was a strong and positive correlation before radiotherapy (p < 0.001), and a moderate and positive correlation after radiotherapy (p = 0.007) between SIRT1 and SIRT2. Conclusion: These results suggest that SIRT2 may provide a new strategy for follow-up of breast cancer treatment. Additionally, by emphasizing the importance of SIRT2 in breast cancer, it opens ways to provide grounds for the development of the next generation of SIRT2-specific radiotracers. Finally, the most important thing, in fact, the positive correlation between SIRT1 and SIRT2 both before and after radiotherapy, appears to be clear evidence suggesting more oncogenic roles of sirtuins.

The roles of novel peptides such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1- alpha (PGC1-α), irisin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), galanin and alarin in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not fully known. It was aimed to plasma levels of the novel peptides that may affect the pathophysiology of AD were examined. This study was conducted as a cross-sectional. The study consisted of two groups, including 45 newly diagnosed individuals with AD and 45 healthy individuals. The peptide levels in plasma samples collected from the groups were measured by the ELISA method. The mean plasma peptide levels and age differences, between the groups, and the correlations between them were analyzed by the statistically. The means ages of both groups were over 65 years old. When plasma PGC1-α, irisin, BDNF, galanin, and alarin levels between the groups were examined, decreases were found in the group with AD (3.56±0.79ng/mL, 16.33±4.07ng/mL, 3.36±1.47ng/mL, 13.93±4.24ng/L, 31.99±11.89pg/mL, respectively) compared to the control group (4.23±1.31ng/mL, 22.19±9.61ng/mL, 4.58±2.10ng/mL, 14.4±9.01ng/L, 54.93±15.80pg/mL, respectively). In the negative correlations observed between age and plasma peptide levels. Significant positive correlations were observed between plasma PGC1-α levels and irisin, alarin, and BDNF, and the significant positive correlations were also observed between plasma BDNF levels and irisin and alarin. As far as we know, the study is the first report in which the peptides mentioned in AD were examined together. We consider that more detailed studies are needed to shed light on the roles and mechanisms of these peptides in AD.

Introduction: The management of the patients with COVID-19 is depend on the clinical presentation. We aimed to evaluate the hospitalization rates due to the progression of the illness in the fist month, the mortality and reinfection rates of the patients with mild COVID-19 during the six months follow-up. Materials and Methods: The study with retrospective design included all SARS CoV-2 PCR positive patients presenting with mild disease to our hospital and who were recommended at-home follow-up during the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic. Demographic characteristics, baseline symptoms, laboratory results and the treatments administered were recorded. The patients were called by phone at six months after the diagnosis. Patients were asked to report hospitalisation at first month, hospitalisation due to any reason and possi- ble reinfections and current symptoms at six month. We noted the mortality rates at first month and at six months from hospital records. Results: The study included 210 patients;130 patients were male. The mean age was 42.3 +/- 15.7 (16-96) years. At baseline, 168 patients (80%) were symptomatic. Fifty-two patients (75.2%) had comorbidities. Thorax computed tomography (CT) was congruent with COVID-19 infection in 46 patients (26%). Twenty-seven patients (16.5%) were hospitalised due to the progression of clinical condition and four (2.4%) needed intensive care transmission. In multivariate analysis, those with comorbidity had having 8.2 fold (95%CI 2.2933.12) D-dimer >= 1 ug/mL had 17.8 fold (OR: 17.8, %95 GA: 3.42-113.3), and diffuse infiltrations in thorax CT scan had 5.36-fold (95% CI 1.46-21.76) higher relative risk for post-COVID hospitalisation. Two (4.1%) out of 48 patients younger than 50 years old and with no risk factors and a normal thorax CT needed hospitalisation. There was no mortality at first month. Four patients (1.9%) died due to deterioration of underlying condition during the six-month follow up. Six patients (3.6%) were considered to be reinfected six months after the first episode. Twenty-six patients (15.6%) had current symptoms which they belived had occured after COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: In the case of the presence of comorbidities, high D-dimer value and diffuse infiltration in thorax CT scan in mild COVID-19 patients, hospitalisation may be the optimal approach.

Background and aims: Today, Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has recently become the most common bariatric procedure among various bariatric surgical procedures due to its advantages. The aim of this study is to investigate nutritional status, body composition and biochemical parameters following SG. Methods: This was a prospective study, the subjects were patients who underwent SG at a special obesity clinic in Istanbul, Turkey, between 01.05.2017 and 01.11.2017. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the participants was 42.15 +/- 4.84 kg/m(2) for men and 41.44 +/- 4.34 kg/m(2) for women, preoperatively. Nutritional status, some anthropometric measurements and blood sampling were taken at each visit. Data were collected and analyzed for the present study at the following periods: pre-operation (pre-op), 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after surgery. Results: A total of 47 SG patients (20 men, 27 women) were evaluated. The mean BMI was 30.23 +/- 3.56 kg/m(2) for men and 30.35 +/- 4.36 kg/m(2) for women after 6 months and the amount of excess weight loss (EWL) increased in the 3 months (p

Early and successful management of the airway in the prehospital and hospital settings is critical in life-threatening situations.We aimed to perform endotracheal intubation (ETI) by direct laryngoscopy (DL) and video laryngoscopy (VL) on airway manikins on a moving track and to compare the properties of intubation attempts.Overall, 79 participants with no previous VL experience were given 4 h of ETI training with DL and VL using a standard airway manikin. ETI skill was tested inside a moving ambulance. The number of attempts until successful ETI, ETI attempt times, time needed to see the vocal cords, and the degree of convenience of both ETI methods were recorded.Overall, 22 of 79 individuals were men; mean age was 30.3 ± 4.5 years. No difference was found in the comparison of the two methods (p = 0.708). Time needed to see the vocal cords for those who were successful in their first attempt were between 1 and 8 s in both methods. In the VL method, time needed to see the vocal cords (p = 0.001) and the intubation time (p 0.001) in the first attempt were shorter than in the DL method. The VL method was easier (p 0.001). The success rate was 97.5% in DL and 93.7% in VL.The VL method is rapid and easier to see the vocal cords and perform successful ETI. Therefore, it might be preferred in out-of-hospital ETI applications.

Aim:To determine the efficacy of three natural surfactant preparations in our community and the short- and long-term results of these on preterm infants.Materials and Methods:This was a retrospective research on 193 premature babies with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The patients were divided into three groups, each of which received one of three surfactants: Group 1; beractant (100 mg/kg); group 2; poractant alfa (first dose of 200 mg/kg, recurrent doses of 100 mg/kg); group 3; calfactant (100 mg/kg). The groups were compared according to demographic characteristics, 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores, weight percentiles by gestational week, presence of pulmonary hemorrhage, surfactant dose repetition, air leak, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), stage of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), hemodynamically significant-patent ductus arteriosus (hs-PDA) and its medical or surgical treatment, retinopathy of premature (ROP) and its treatment, sepsis, ventilation time (both non-invasive and invasive), free oxygen need time, time to start full enteral feeding, discharge time, and mortality.Results:A total of 193 preterm infants with a mean gestational age of 28.9±3.1 weeks and mean birth weight of 1,190.4±504.3 grams were included in this study. The neonates were allocated into three different groups randomly, namely group-1 (n=77), group-2 (n=59), and group-3 (n=57). There were no differences in the clinical and demographic features of the groups. The incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage, surfactant dose repetition, air leak, ventilation time for both non-invasive and invasive, free oxygen need time, hs-PDA and surgical treatment of PDA, BPD, NEC (≥stage II), IVH (>stage III), ROP, time to start full enteral feeding, and discharge time were similar between the study groups. The sepsis and mortality rates were lower in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2 (p=0.015, p=0.001).Conclusion:In this study, beractant, proctant alfa and calfactant had clinically similar efficacy in patients with RDS.

The normal level of functioning of various metabolic processes in our body depends on normal body temperature. It is very important to maintain the patient's normal body temperature before, during, and after surgery to prevent possible complications. The occurrence of postoperative hypothermia is higher than hyperthermia. Pediatric hypothermia is a condition that needs to beprevented. Today, the use of various methods helps to prevent hypothermia; and guidelines exist for the prevention and management of hypothermia, supported by research that makes this process more reliable. With this mini-review, we aim to create a common multidisciplinary approach to prevent hypothermia. This study is about the current views addressing the maintenance of normal body temperature and discusses the risk factors predisposing to hypothermia and the goals of evidence-based hypothermia management in pediatric patients.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause major mortality and morbidity worldwide even after a year of its emergence. In its early days, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases were noted as poor prognostic factors, while obesity gained attention at a later stage. In the present study, unfavorable clinical outcomes (transfer to the intensive care unit, invasive mechanical ventilation, and mortality) were investigated in obese patients with COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study we analyzed patients with positive polymerase chain reaction test in tertiary care hospital between March-May 2020. They were divided into 3 groups according to body mass index (BMI) as normal, overweight, and obese (BMI: 18.5 - 24.99 kg/m², 25 - 29.99 kg/m², and ≥ 30 kg/m², respectively). We compared clinical features and laboratory findings of these groups and recorded adverse clinical outcomes. Multivariate logistic analysis was performed for unfavorable outcomes. RESULTS: There were 99 patients (35%), 116 (41%), and 69 patients (24%) in the normal-weight, overweight, and obese group, respectively. Among all patients, 52 (18%) patients were transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU), 30 (11%) patients received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and 22 patients (8%) died. Obese patients had minimum 1 more comorbidity than normal BMI patients (73% vs. 50%, P = 0.002), and a longer median (interquartile range [IQR]) duration of hospitalization (8 [5 - 12] vs. 6 [5 - 9]) days, P = 0.006). Obese participants had higher concentrations of serum C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, ferritin than non-obese patients (P

Background/Aim: Alopecia areata (AA), which is characterized by hair loss, is an inflammatory autoimmune disease. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that has a highly significant role in inflammatory and immune responses. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether there is a relationship between TNFα -238 G/A gene polymorphism and AA in the Turkish population.Methods: In this case-control study, the frequency of TNFα-238 G/A gene polymorphism and its relationship with some clinical parameters of AA patients were investigated. Seventy-eight AA patients and 78 healthy individuals were included in our study. TNFα -238 G/A polymorphism was evaluated by the PCR-RFLP method.Results: The distribution of TNFα -238 G/A genotypes was significantly different between patients and control subjects (P

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between diet quality and overall sleep quality, sleep duration, and presence of insomnia in the university-term female. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 412 female university students aged between 19 and 24 years in Turkey. The participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), sleep duration and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and three days food intake records were taken. Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 was used to assess diet quality. 64.1% of the participants had poor sleep quality and 28.4% of them were found to have insomnia. Higher PSQI scores were significantly associated with lower intakes of protein (β = − 0.53 ± 0.08% kcal, p

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin B5 [dexpanthenol, DEX] treatment on the kidney in a streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes animal model.Materials and Methods:Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomised in one of the four groups: Group 1 served as control, and group 2 was administered high-dose DEX (300 mg/kg/day) as a safety group. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of STZ (50 mg/kg) in groups 3 and 4. In group 4, DEX was administered as well. All groups were followed up for 6 weeks. Histopathological analyses were performed on renal tissue using periodic acid-Schiff and Hematoxylin- Eosin stains.Results:Microscopic evaluation of the kidney revealed that the rats demonstrated kidney damage 6 weeks after STZ administration. However, high-dose and longterm DEX administration alone did not damage renal tissue; moreover, kidney damage was prevented if DEX was administered in the early phase of diabetes.Conclusion:DEX could be a safe and cost-effective vitamin for the prevention of diabetes complications.

Objective:Recently, with the inability to conduct face-to-face training due to the increasing cases of pandemic diseases such as the coronavirus disease-2019, the importance of digital applications in practical anatomy education has increased. This study aimed to compare cadaveric and non-cadaveric examination methods to evaluate the benefits of innovative models for education.Materials and Methods:A total of 120 second-year medical student volunteers who had never used the three-dimensional (3D) Human Anatomy Application participated in the study. They were asked to fill out a questionnaire containing their opinions about the anatomy lesson. Then, the students were randomly divided into three groups according to their learning methods.Results:Among the participants, 75.9% stated that working on the model was sufficient and 36.7% mostly used the printed human anatomy atlas when studying for practical lesson. While the success rates of different modules were similar in the practice groups, in the same module, the success of the 3D Human Anatomy Application group was higher than that of other practice groups.Conclusion:Although they had not used it before, students who received training with the 3D Human Anatomy Application were more successful than the other groups. 3D applications developed in recent years have offered a new perspective to anatomy education by creating a sense of reality without touching it and allow formations and examinations from all angles. With the emergence of pandemic diseases, 3D applications will gain more importance as the future of anatomy education.

Governments need personnel to fulfill their economic and social activities. Thus, it is seen that the government affects the economy through the employment channel. There are many studies in the literature on public sector employment. However, as far as we know, previous studies have not addressed the impact of political polarization on the public sector. This study empirically explores the relationship between public sector employment and political polarization. 22 developed and developing are included in the scope of the study and annual data for the period 2000-2018 were used. Cross-section analysis method was used as statistical analysis. The political polarization variable was obtained from the World Values Survey (WVS) database. The findings obtained from the econometric analysis show that the increase in political polarization has a positive effect on the public sector employment level. In addition, our empirical results indicate that public employment is high in societies with high religious fractionalization. The paper explains the links between variables for these findings., Devletler ekonomik ve sosyal faaliyetlerini yerine getirebilmek için personele ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar. Böylelikle devletin istihdam kanalıyla ekonomiyi etkilediği görülmektedir. Literatürde kamu sektörü istihdamı üzerine çok sayıda çalışma mevcuttur. Ancak, bildiğimiz kadarıyla önceki çalışmalar kamu sektörü üzerinde politik kutuplaşmanın etkisini ele almamıştır. Bu çalışma kamu sektörü istihdamı ile politik kutuplaşma arasındaki ilişkiyi ampirik olarak araştırmaktadır. Çalışmanın kapsamına gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan 22 ülke dâhildir ve çalışmada 2000-2018 dönemi için ilgili değişkenlerin yıllık verilerinin ortalaması kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analiz olarak yatay kesit analizi yapılmıştır. Politik kutuplaşma değişkeni Dünya Değerler Anketi (WVS) veri tabanından elde edilmiştir. Ekonometrik analiz sonucu elde edilen bulgular, politik kutuplaşmanın yüksek olduğu ülkelerde kamu sektörü istihdam düzeyinin oransal olarak daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Ek olarak, ampirik sonuçlarımıza göre dinsel çeşitliliğin yüksek olduğu toplumlarda kamu sektörü istihdamı da oransal olarak daha yüksektir. Çalışma bu bulguların bağlantılarını açıklamaktadır.

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a lipid storage disease caused by deficiency of sterol 27-hydroxylase enzyme encoded by CYP27A1 gene. This multicenter, cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to document clinical characteristics of CTX patients of different ages, clinical presentations of early-diagnosed patients, and responses to short-term chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) treatment. Seven of 11 CTX patients were diagnosed in childhood. Three patients (27%) had neonatal cholestasis, seven (63%) patients had a history of frequent watery defecation started in infantile period, and eight (72.7%) patients had juvenile cataract. Four patients in the adult age group had pyramidal signs and parkinsonism symptoms. The mean Mignarri score at diagnosis was significantly lower in the pediatric patients (267.8 +/- 51.4) than in the adult patients (450.0 +/- 64.0, p = 0.001). No significant difference was determined between pediatric patients and adult patients regarding plasma cholestanol concentration at diagnosis (p = 0.482). The frequency of defecation decreased with treatment in six children, who had diarrhea at admission. Compared to pretreatment values, patients' body weight and standardized body mass index significantly increased at the 12th month of treatment. In conclusion, Mignarri scores are lower in the pediatric patients than in adult patients since the most determinative signs of the CTX disease are not apparent yet in the childhood. The disease is frequently overlooked in routine practice as the disease presents itself with different clinical combinations both in adults and in children. CTX is potentially a treatable disease; thereby, enhanced awareness is critically important for early diagnosis particularly in children.

One of the most challenging aspects of celiac disease management is lack of awareness in public. Aim of the study was to evaluate public awareness and sensitivity on celiac disease and gluten-free diet. 501 individuals in Manisa, Turkey were subjected to a survey to obtain information on demographics, awareness of celiac disease, celiac and gluten-free diet relationship, effect on social life quality and social awareness and sensitivity. Results were analyzed by chi-square test. 43.9% of the public had never heard of celiac disease before. Females were more aware of the disease and gluten-free diet dependency. Majority of the postgraduates (79.6%) recognized the disease. 44.9% of the respondents remarked that celiac patients had hesitations on dining out, while 32.3% found those people restricted for travel and holiday activities. Above one-third of subjects indicated that gluten-free product variety in the market was inadequate. However, more than half had no idea on these. Over 50% felt that, social awareness and sensitivity towards disease was unsatisfactory. This study was conducted to mirror the society’s approach towards celiac patients. It was demonstrated that public’s awareness and sensitivity about celiac disease was scarce. Knowledge of ‘celiac’ needs to be raised.

Although the sensitivity of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is low in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is the gold standard. Clinical improvement is prioritized in the follow-up of patients with COVID-19 who are followed as possible or definitive cases. Although the priority in the discharge decision is the resolution of complaints, it is also important to see radiological improvement and RT-PCR negativity. A total of 2 of our patients who were hospitalized and treated in our clinic with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were discharged after their complaints were resolved and their treatment was completed. The patients had 2 negative RT-PCR results at discharge. Both of them presented to the hospital with symptoms such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath after the discharge, and both showed positive RT-PCR results. Considering recurrent COVID-19 infection, we aimed to present treatment and the 2 cases we followed.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between volumetric data obtained from staging 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET computerized tomography (CT) images with prostate-specific antigen (PSA), risk groups, Gleason Grade (GG) groups and presence of metastasis.We performed a retrospective analysis of 68Ga-PSMA PET-CT images from 88 patients undergoing initial staging of prostate adenocarcinoma between January 2015 and September 2018. Images were evaluated in LIFEx software; PSMA involvement above the background activity in prostate gland, lymph node and other distant metastases was plotted with 40% SUVmax threshold, SUVmax, PSMA tumor volume (PSMA-TV) and total lesion PSMA (TL-PSMA) values were obtained.In all patients, there was a moderate correlation between PSA and PSMA-tumor volume whole-body (PSMA-TVwb) (P0.001, r = 0.580) and a high correlation between total lesion-PSMAwb (TL-PSMAwb) (P0.001, r = 0.636). Prostate PSMA-TV (PSMA-TVp) and TL-PSMA (PSMA-TVp) values were different in local and locally advanced/metastatic patients (P = 0.020 and 0.006, respectively). PSMA-TVp and TL-PSMAp values were significantly different in low-moderate and high-risk patients (P = 0.003 and0.001, respectively), and in patients with and without metastasis (P = 0.008 and0.001, respectively). PSMA-TVp, PSMA-TVwb, TL-PSMAp and TL-PSMAwb values were significantly different in patients with GG ≤3 and3 (P = 0.030, 0.002,0.001 and0.001, respectively).Pretreatment 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT volumetric parameters provides unique data to use in the clinical decision-making process of patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the rate of perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection among gynecologic cancer patients undergoing major surgery. Methods The database of the Turkish Ministry of Health was searched in order to identify all consecutive gynecologic cancer patients undergoing major surgery between March 11, 2020 and April 30, 2020 for this retrospective, nationwide, cohort study. The inclusion criteria were strictly founded on a final histopathological diagnosis of a malignant gynecologic tumor. COVID-19 cases were diagnosed by reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction testing for SARS-CoV-2. The rate of perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and the 30-day mortality rate of COVID-19 patients were investigated. Results During the study period, 688 women with gynecologic cancer undergoing major surgery were identified nationwide. The median age of the patients was 59 years. Most of the surgeries were open (634/688, 92.2%). There were 410 (59.6%) women with endometrial cancer, 195 (28.3%) with ovarian cancer, 66 (9.6%) with cervical cancer, 14 (2.0%) with vulvar cancer and 3 (0.4%) with uterine sarcoma. The rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery was 46/688 (6.7%). All but one woman was diagnosed postoperatively (45/46, 97.8%). The rates of intensive care unit admission and invasive mechanical ventilation were 4/46 (8.7%) and 2/46 (4.3%), respectively. The 30-day mortality rate was 0%. Conclusion In the COVID-19 era, gynecologic cancer surgery may be performed with an acceptable rate of perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection if the staff and the patients strictly adhere to the established infection control measures., Highlights • This is the first nationwide study describing the feasibility of major gynecologic cancer surgery during COVID-19 pandemic. • COVID-19 will be one of the most important concerns of health care systems for a long time. • Gynecologic cancer surgery may be performed with an acceptable rate of perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. • Improved surgical outcomes can be achieved by strictly adhering to restricted infectious triage protocols. • As the pandemic persists, the risk of disease progression associated with treatment delay will become a more critical issue.

Objective: It is important to put forward the characteristics of the COVID-19 cases to fight the disease effectively. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases in Turkey. And also to determine the risk factors associated with intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the characteristics of the confirmed COVID-19 cases who applied to a University Hospital in Turkey between March 19th and June 11th, 2020, were analyzed. Variables such as epidemic trend, case fatality rate, need for hospitalization, ICU admission rate, and ICU mortality were calculated. In addition, risk factors affecting ICU admission and death were determined by logistic regression analysis. Results: 19.8% of 654 cases participating in the study were asymptomatic at admission. ICU admission rate was 7.6% and case fatality rate found to be 7.8%. Age, male gender, and cancer were associated with ICU admission. Each 1-unit increase in age increased ICU admissions by 8% (OR: 1.08; CI: 1.06-1.10). Men had a 2.71 times higher risk of ICU admission (OR: 2.71; CI: 1.37-5.39); and cancer patients showed 3.72 (OR: 3.72; CI: 1.35-10.20) times more ICU admissions (p

Aim: Evaluation of maternal and fetal outcomes, effectiveness and reliability of the cerclage for the emergently cerclaged cases due to cervical insufficiency Materials and Methods: Clinical data from live singleton pregnancies who were diagnosed cervical insufficiency were reviewed retrospectively between the Feb 2010-Jan 2019, at Acıbadem University and Mersin University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Results: During the study period, total 29 cervical cerclage operation was performed by McDonald technique. Mean maternal age 31.82±4.449 years (21–38), mean gestational age at diagnosis and cerclage placement was 22.17±2.071 weeks (18-28). Take home baby rate was 79.3 % (n=23). Mean time interval between the cerclage and the birth is 9.24±5.723 weeks (0-18), mean pregnancy week during the birth is 31.4±5.02 weeks (23-39) and mean birth weight is 1873±903 g (650-3782). There was no surgical complication reported from the studied population. Thirty percent (9) of the patients were delivered by C-section. Discussion: Emergency cerclage prolongs the pregnancy duration of the women with cervical insufficiency, and has marked effects on improving the neonatal outcomes. It is thought to be an appropriate choice for the women with cervical dilatation at the earlier pregnancy weeks.

Background and Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether there were differences in diet and sleep quality between shift and non-shift nurses. Nurses among healthcare professionals mostly work in shifts. Therefore, they may face many health problems. Changes of their dietary pattern and sleep quality might be among underlying causes for their health risks. Methods This descriptive and cross-sectional research enrolled 298 nurses working in two hospitals who volunteered to participate in this study. The work schedule of nurses included a non-shift work and a shift-work. Sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using a three-factor PSQI model. Results Based on the three-factor PSQI model, scores for sleep efficiency, sleep quality, and daily disturbances were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in shift nurses than in non-shift nurses. Among individuals with good sleep quality, the diet quality of shift nurses was worse (p < 0.05) than that of non-shift nurses. Among individuals with poor sleep quality, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in total diet quality score according to shift status. Conclusions Shift work was significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Among nurses with good sleep quality, the diet quality of shift nurses was worse than that of non-shift nurses.

We combined established psychological measures with techniques in machine learning to measure changes in gender stereotypes over the course of the 20th century as expressed in large-scale historical natural language data. Although our analysis replicated robust gender biases previously documented in the literature, we found that the strength of these biases has diminished over time. This appears to be driven by changes in gender biases for stereotypically feminine traits (rather than stereotypically masculine traits) and changes in gender biases for personality-related traits (rather than physical traits). Our results illustrate the dynamic nature of stereotypes and show how recent advances in data science can be used to provide a long-term historical analysis of core psychological variables. In terms of practice, these findings may, albeit cautiously, suggest that women and men can be less constrained by prescriptions of feminine traits. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at 10.1177/0361684320977178