5 results on '"NEUROINFECTIOUS DISEASE"'
Search Results
2. Could Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Be Underdiagnosed in China? Experience From Four Cases
- Author
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Wen-Ping Gu, Wei Lu, Yang Chen, Yi-Liu Zhang, and Xiaomei Wu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,prion disease ,Case Report ,Disease ,Electroencephalography ,lcsh:RC346-429 ,rapidly progressive dementia ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,mental disorders ,Medicine ,Pathological ,lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,PrPSC ,Rapidly progressive dementia ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ,Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ,nervous system diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,Gliosis ,Neurology ,neuroinfectious disease ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Rare disease - Abstract
Background: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by the misfolded version of the cellular prion protein. Here we report four cases of sporadic CJD (sCJD) and describe the diagnostic methods available in order avoid missed or delayed recognition of CJD in China. Case presentation: We report four patients diagnosed with sCJD between March 2018 and December 2019 at Xiangya Hospital and the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. All patients were admitted to the hospital because of a progressive cognitive decline. Although their routine tests and biochemical indicators in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as computed tomography (CT) imaging, did not reveal any apparent abnormalities, the presence of "cortical ribboning" was incidentally found on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The patients were subsequently diagnosed with CJD based on positive testing for 14-3-3 protein in their CSF, and the presence of periodic sharp and slow wave complexes (PSWCs) on their electroencephalograms (EEG). Additionally, two of patients was confirmed pathological examination of cerebral biopsies demonstrating neuronal loss, gliosis, and spongiform changes. Conclusions: CJD is a rare disease and is easily misdiagnosed by clinician in China due to a lack of recognition and awareness of CJD. Based on our experience described in this report, enhanced vigilance for CJD is required for patients with rapidly progressive dementia in China and other developing countries. DWI, EEG and detection of 14-3-3 protein in CSF should be performed in order to achieve a timely diagnosis of CJD.
- Published
- 2020
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3. Neuroimaging Insights Into Early Stages of HIV-Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: A Case Report
- Author
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Natalia Gonzalez Caldito, Darin T. Okuda, and J Scott Loeb
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,punctate pattern ,neuroimaging ,business.industry ,Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV ,Case Report ,medicine.disease_cause ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:RC346-429 ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neuroimaging ,neuroinfectious disease ,medicine ,SWI ,business ,lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
This report aims to enhance the understanding of early longitudinal neuroimaging features of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Neuroimaging has become crucial in the diagnosis and early recognition of PML. Recognition of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features in the early stages of PML is paramount to avoid misdiagnosis and facilitate the delivery of treatments aimed at reducing disease progression. A 49-year-old white man with HIV presented with 4-month progressive left-sided weakness. Neurological examination revealed mild cognitive impairment, left-sided hemiparesis, and somatosense impairment to all modalities. Brain MRI revealed a punctate pattern with innumerable T2-FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery) hyperintensities in the cortex, brainstem, cerebellum, subcortical, and periventricular areas. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) revealed hypointensities involving subcortical U-fibers and cortical architecture. A comprehensive diagnostic evaluation was inconclusive. John Cunningham virus (JCV) PCR in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was indeterminate. He was started on antiretroviral therapy. Repeat brain MRI performed 1.5 months later, in the setting of further neurological decline, demonstrated progression of the T2-hyperintensities into a large confluent white matter lesion in the right frontoparietal lobe. Despite an indeterminate JCV PCR, the appearance and characteristic progression of the lesions in successive imaging in the setting of severe immunosuppression, with extensive negative infectious workup, was indicative of PML. This clinical experience illustrates unique neuroimaging features of HIV-PML in early stages and its progression over time. It especially highlights the relevance of the SWI sequence in the diagnosis and features observed with disease evolution. Short-term imaging follow-up may assist with the recognition of MRI features consistent with the biology of the infection.
- Published
- 2020
4. Reversible manifestations of extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis
- Author
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Daniela Di Capua, John T. Slevin, Edison M. Campos, Flavius D. Raslau, Robert Salinas, and Mauricio F. Villamar
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0301 basic medicine ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Movement disorders ,Neurocysticercosis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Basal ganglia ,Taenia solium ,medicine ,Clinical Video ,business.industry ,fungi ,food and beverages ,neurocysticercosis ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Hydrocephalus ,medicine.drug_formulation_ingredient ,030104 developmental biology ,neuroinfectious disease ,movement disorders ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Clinical Videos ,hydrocephalus ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Key Clinical Message Movement disorders are uncommon manifestations of neurocysticercosis. When present, most are secondary to parenchymal lesions in the basal ganglia. Rarely, movement disorders can occur in racemose/extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis, an aggressive variant frequently associated with cerebrospinal fluid outflow obstruction and hydrocephalus. Appropriate treatment can reverse neurological manifestations.
- Published
- 2018
5. Emerging CNS Viral Infections
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J. G. Millichap
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emerging viral infections ,business.industry ,neuroinfectious disease ,Immunology ,education ,lcsh:RJ1-570 ,Medicine ,lcsh:Pediatrics ,Disease ,business ,health care economics and organizations ,Biomedical sciences ,emerging infectious diseases - Abstract
In a 2-part review, a neuroinfectious disease specialist at the University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center and Veterans Medical Center describes emerging viral infections as diseases that infect new hosts, spread into new geographic areas, alter their pathogenesis, or are caused by agents not recognized as pathogenic.
- Published
- 2009
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