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To enhance the accuracy of object recognition, various combination of recognition algorithms are used in recent literature. In this paper coherence of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is combined with four different algorithms: error vector of principal component analysis (PCA), eigen vector of PCA, eigen vector of Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) then combination of four results are done using entropy of detection probability and Fuzzy system. From this research the accuracy of recognition is found dependent on image and diversity of database. The combined method of the paper provides recognition rate of 89.56% for the worst case and 93.34% for the best case both can be said better in comparison with the previous works where individual method has been implemented on a specific set of images.

Although Polarization Modulation offers a high spectral efficiency, it has been not exploited much in modern communication systems because of the involvement of high switching speeds and complexity of associated hardware. We propose a dynamically controllable graphene metasurface capable to switch the polarization state of incident THz waves in real-time. The metasurface is designed by patterning two-dimensional graphene sheets with Fano-resonant chiral unit cells. Since the reflectance spectrum is characterized with co and cross polarized fields that bear asymmetric Fano line-shapes, several combinations of linear and elliptical polarization states are observed in a narrowband spectrum. At a fixed frequency, the electrostatic tunability property of graphene allows to switch between different polarization states by varying the chemical potential between 500 and 700 meV. The polarization state modulation with the proposed chiral graphene based metasurface is applied to implement a quaternary modulated digital communication system. Full-wave simulation results show the strong possibility of polarization modulation in THz communication systems. Graphene metasurfaces on account of the high electron mobility and discrete Fermi levels offer high switching speeds and seamless integration with digital systems.

This research proposed the design and calculations of ultra-low power (ULP) Doherty power amplifier (PA) using 65 nm CMOS technology. Both the main and the peaking amplifiers are designed and optimized using equivalent lumped parameters and power combiner models. The operation has been performed in RF-nMOS subthreshold or triode region to achieve ultra-low power (ULP) and to improve the linearity of the overall power amplifier (PA). The novel design consumes a DC power of 2.1 mW, power-added efficiency (PAE) of 29.8%, operating at 2.4 GHz band, and output referred 1 dB compression point at 4.1dBm. The simulation results show a very good capability of drive current, high gain, and very low input and output insertion losses.

The high sensitivity of Lorentz sensors comes from its narrowband resonant characteristics marked by rapid slope change of slope of its phase spectrum, a phenomenon known as Anomalous dispersion. Unlike conventional microwave resonant sensors which have a resonant amplitude, the Lorentz sensors also have unique signature in its phase spectra which adds a second degrees of freedom in detection and removes ambiguity in the identification of the resonant frequency. We demonstrate two sensing applications in which ultra-high sensitivity is required. In particular, we show that by exploiting the high electric field regions in Lorentz resonators detection of low density gaseous water states (steam) and sub-wavelength sized biomaterials is possible. The material sensing is performed by characterizing the resonant shifts in the frequency range of 1 to 2 GHz. Depending on the gaseous state concentrations, the dielectric constant of the detected steam lies between 1.04 and 1.6 GHz. The Lorentz resonator is shown to distinguish accurately between different sub-wavelength samples derived from different parts of chicken. We anticipate that the proposed sensor can be used in biosensing of cancerous cells and in detecting low-permittivity poisonous gaseous matter such as clear smoke, carbon mono oxide, methane and nitrogen.

This study involves elucidation of spatial and temporal influences on horizontal and vertical distribution and fate of contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) in riverain systems. In total, 23 CEC...

Introduction More eco-friendly aquaculture technology is required to reduce environmental pollution which has become a major issue in aquaculture industries in the last few decades. Aquaponics system is a culture technology to solve this waste issue. Thus, this study aimed at comparing growth performances, feed utilization efficiency, and nutrient recovery in aquaponics and conventional aquaculture system. Materials and methods Twenty-four juveniles of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) weighing 1.12 ± 0.1 g were cultured in either aquaponics systems or conventional aquaculture systems for 30 days. Each system had three culture systems as replicates. The fish were fed the same amount with a commercial pellet three times a day. Results The result showed that the Nile tilapia reared in the aquaponics system had a significantly higher specific growth rate than that of fish reared in the conventional system, 7.5 and 6.3% BW/day, respectively. Similarly, the feed utilization efficiency of fish reared in the aquaponics was also significantly better than that of fish in the conventional system. Furthermore, the total biomass harvested from the aquaponics system was nearly eight times higher than the total biomass harvested from the conventional system. Conclusion Growth, feed utilization efficiency, and total nutrient recovery in terms of biomass were higher in the aquaponics system. These results suggest that aquaponics is not only an eco-friendly aquaculture system, but also could produce more biomass than a conventional aquaculture system, and therefore, could be scaled up in a commercial scale.

A boomerang-shaped ultra wide band (UWB) planar antenna has been presented for spectrum sensing applications. The presented antenna has been built upon a narrow band isotropic antenna design. In or...

Outlier detection is a challenging task especially when outliers are defined by rare combinations of multiple variables. In this paper, we develop and evaluate a new method for the detection of outliers in multivariate data that relies on Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and three-sigma limits. The proposed approach employs PCA to effectively perform dimension reduction by regenerating variables, i.e., fitted points from the original observations. The observations lying outside the three-sigma limits are identified as the outliers. This proposed method has been successfully employed to two real life and several artificially generated datasets. The performance of the proposed method is compared with some of the existing methods using different performance evaluation criteria including the percentage of correct classification, precision, recall, and F-measure. The supremacy of the proposed method is confirmed by abovementioned criteria and datasets. The F-measure for the first real life dataset is the highest, i.e., 0.6667 for the proposed method and 0.3333 and 0.4000 for the two existing approaches. Similarly, for the second real dataset, this measure is 0.8000 for the proposed approach and 0.5263 and 0.6315 for the two existing approaches. It is also observed by the simulation experiments that the performance of the proposed approach got better with increasing sample size.

Severe asthma describes an asthma condition that requires a substantial amount of inhaled corticosteroid and bronchodilators to keep it under control including the frequent additional need for oral steroid to avoid exacerbations. The incidence of severe asthma in Malaysia is unknown but data elsewhere shows that it is around 5 to 10 % of asthmatics. This category of asthmatic patients has considerable morbidity, is disproportionate cost-wise to the number of sufferers and requires specialised and focused care. The management of severe asthma should be undertaken at a severe asthma clinic led by a physician with a special interest in its management. The diagnosis needs confirmation, comorbidities identified and triggering factors addressed. Inhaler technique and compliance are major contributing issues and must be addressed at all consultation opportunities. Once the diagnosis of severe asthma is confirmed, the disease needs phenotyping to plan for the most appropriate treatment, termed as a personalised approach to severe asthma care. The advances in biologics have changed the landscape of treatment of this disease but in Malaysia especially, there are many limitations namely the cost. This article briefly explores the current understanding of severe asthma, the assessment including phenotyping and possible treatment options.

Background Tuberculosis is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), which needs proper macrophage activation for control. It has been debated whether the co-infection with helminth will affect the immune response to mycobacterial infection. Objective To determine the effect of sequential co-infection of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (H.pg) nematodes and M.tb on T cell responses, macrophages polarization and lung histopathological changes. Method This study used 49 mice divided into 7 treatment groups, with different sequence of infection of M.tb via inhalation and H.pg via oral ingestion for 8 and 16 weeks. T cells response in the lung, intestine, and peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. Cytokines (IL-4, IFN-γ, TGB-β1, and IL-10) were measured in peripheral blood using ELISA. Lung macrophage polarization were determined by the expression of iNOS (M1) or Arginase 1 (M2). Mycobacterial count were done in lung tissue. Lung histopathology were measured using Dorman’s semiquantitative score assessing peribronchiolitis, perivasculitis, alveolitis, and granuloma formation. Result M.tb infection induced Th1 response and M1 macrophage polarization, while H.pg infection induced Th2 and M2 polarization. In sequential co-infection, the final polarization of macrophage was dictated by the sequence of co-infection. However, all groups with M.tb infection showed the same degree of mycobacterial count in lung tissues and lung tissue histopathological changes. Conclusion Sequential co-infection of H.pg and M.tb induces different T cell response which leads to different macrophage polarization in lung tissue. Helminth infection induced M2 lung macrophage polarization, but did not cause different mycobacterial count nor lung histopathological changes.

Objectives Medication non-adherence mostly occurs in patients with a wide range of disease severity, including asthma. The aim of the study was to assess the self reported adherence to asthma therapy and investigate the relationship between adherence, asthma control and asthma-related quality of life. Methods The study was a cross-sectional study in which participants were recruited from an outpatient department, in one hospital in Surabaya. Patients (aged≥18 years) with asthma who had used any regular asthma medications were included. Standardised questionnaires, including Juniper’s Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), Adherence to Refills and Medications Scales (ARMS) and Juniper’s Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) were used. Results A total of 82 adults with asthma were recruited in the study. Male participants’ mean age was 49.13 ± 14.10 years (n = 23). Approximately 59 participants (72.0%) were females, 30 participants (36.5%) were using Budesonide inhaler, and 73 participants (89.0%) never smoked. The mean of ACQ, AQLQ, and ARMS scores were 1.62 ± 1.19, 4.96 ± 1.24, and 16.98 ± 4.12, respectively. Of 82 patients studied 53 (64.6 %) had “uncontrolled asthma” and more than 85% participants both showed “non adherence” to asthma therapy and nearly 46% of them indicated that their quality of life was affected by asthma. There was a significant association between ACQ and AQLQ (p Conclusions The majority of patients reported non-adherence to asthma medications. Poor controlled asthma has been associated with lower asthma-related quality of life.

Identical collaborative governance is used in government and must handle COVID-19 to create fast, precise, focused, integrated and synergistic steps between ministries/agencies, local governments, and other stakeholders. This research describes collaborative governance in efforts to deal with COVID-19 in Riau Province, especially Pekanbaru City, considering that the city recorded a relatively high initial increase in cases compared to other areas in Riau Province as well as the implementation of collaborative management. The research method is qualitative, with the type of research used is the exploratory type and literature study. This article analyses several aspects of collaborative governance, namely the initial role of the government, non-state actors, joint decision making, formal organizing, gaining consensus, and the existence of problems to collaborate both on public policies and services.

Aim: To determine the effectiveness of supratarsal triamcinolone injection versus dexamethasone in recalcitrant vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Study Design: Prospective/randomized study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, Lorallai Medical College, Loralai from 1st October 2020 to 31st March 2021. Methods: Fifty patients (100 eyes) of both genders and age between 12-40 years were enrolled. Detailed demographics of enrolled cases age, sex and body mass index were recorded after taking informed written consent. All patients had recalcitrant vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Patients were equally divided into 2-groups. Group I had 25 patients and received 20mg of supratarsal triamcinolone injection in both eyes and group II with 25 patients received 2mg of dexamethasone in their eyes. Postoperative effectiveness, complications and recurrence of disease was observed and compared among both groups. Results: There were 15 (60%) males and 10 (40%) females in group I with mean age 18.14±6.34 years while in group II, 15 (60%) males and 10 (40%) females with mean age was 17.68±4.54 years. Palprebral vernal keratoconjunctivitis was found in 36 eyes (10 patients of group I and 8 patients of group II) and Mixed vernal keratoconjunctivitis in 64 eyes (15 patients of group I and 17 patients of group II). Symptoms were itching,photophobia, lacrimation and pain. Conjunctival hyperemia, giant papillae and limbal infiltrate were the most common signs observed. Post operatively effectiveness among group I and II was (100% vs 92%) without any complication. Recurrence rate of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in group I was lower 4% as compared to group II 10%. Conclusion: The use of supratarsal triamcinolone injection in patients of recalcitrant vernal keratoconjunctivitis was effective and safest method as compared to dexamethasone in terms of less recurrence and high rate of efficacy. Keywords: Supratarsal triamcinolone, Dexamethasone, Vernal keratoconjunctivitis, Effectiveness, Recurrence

Aim: To determine the prevalence of dry eye in glaucoma patients using topical anti-glaucoma therapy. Study Design: Descriptive observational study Place and duration of study: Department of Ophthalmology, Shalimar Medical & Dental College Lahore from 1st November 2020 to 30th April 2021. Methodology: Ninety patients of both genders were enrolled. Detailed demographics of enrolled cases age, sex and body mass index were recorded after taking informed written consent. Patients using topical anti-glaucoma therapy for more than 8 months and having symptoms of stinging and burning sensations itching, watering, irritation, due to regular use of topical antiglaucoma drugs were presented. Basal Schrimer’s test and tear film break-up time test was used to measure the frequency of dry eye syndrome as mild, moderate and severe. Results: There were 60 (66.7%) females and 30 (33.3%) patients were males. Mean age of the patients were 45.61±7.66 years with mean BMI 26.24±8.71 kg/m2. We found that 40 (44.4%) patients had burning and stinging sensations, itching found in 21 (23.3%), dry eye sensations were found in 16 (17.8%) patients and watering and irritation found in 13 (14.4%) .According to tear film break-up time test 20 (22.2%) cases did not show dry eye syndrome and 19 (21.1%) patients were normal in Basal Schrimer’s test. Conclusion: Use of topical anti-glaucoma medication resulted in dry eye syndrome as well as a decrease in the tear film's stability. Keywords: Anti-glaucoma therapy, Basal Schrimer`s test, Tear film break-up time, Anti-glaucoma therapy, Dry eye syndrome

Diabetes has been considered one of the most prevalent diseases. It has also posed a great threat to the health of many groups of people. Likewise, it negatively affects the body's organs causing many changes and problems, such as; skin problems, especially bacterial and fungal skin infections.To the end of ensuring a healthy and safe environment for the skin of a diabetic patient, this necessitates the appropriate selection of fabrics and textile materials to be able to deal with the biological changes affecting the skin as a result of the surrounding environment. In line with the tremendous scientific development in the field of preparing fabrics and textile materials and the improvement of their functional properties to resist the growth of micro-organisms represented in bacteria and fungi and to prevent their growth and reproduction that harms the human health and the environment, it has been necessary to pay attention to the production of anti-bacterial and microbial functional clothing treated with silver.This research aimed at studying the possibility of conducting the laboratory tests on some commercially prepared silver-treated fabrics to investigate their physical properties, wear-comfort properties and resistance to bacteria.This research utilized the experimental approach in conducting the laboratory tests on some commercially prepared silver-treated fabrics including (physical and mechanical tests - testing of bacteria on two types of (S. aureus E. coli). Data was statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance and calculating averages and standard deviation.The research results revealed that the sample (S3) came as the best of the samples, which were laboratory tested. Thus, the results showed that the greater the percentage of silver fabric treatment, the greater the resistance to bacteria, and thus it can be used to improve the clothing comfort of diabetic female patients and help reduce the effects of skin diseases. The study recommends the necessity of conducting further research on fabrics treated with modern techniques to ensure their effectiveness against bacteria and to benefit from them in improving the comfort of patients’ clothing in particular, and adding silver-treated fabrics partially to diabetic clothing to help reduce the effects of skin diseases.

We present the design and practical implementation of a microstrip diplexer based on the wave discrimination property associated with the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effect. The EIT is a quantum interference phenomenon which happens between two atomic transition pathways and allows wave propagation within a medium’s absorption spectrum. Here, we exploit an analogous interference mechanism in a three-port microstrip structure to demonstrate a diplexer based on the EIT-like effect in the microwave regime. Since the transparency is accompanied by a high transmission and strong dispersion characteristics, compact frequency discriminating structures that can resolve nearby frequencies with high isolation can be devised. Our proposed C-band diplexer consists of pairs of unequal open-circuit stubs, which resonate at detuned frequencies and interfere to form the EIT-like passbands for diplexer action. The design is highly compact and scalable in frequency for both PCB and on-chip applications. A prototype of diplexer is fabricated for the center frequencies of lower and upper passbands at 4.6 GHz and 5.5 GHz respectively. The transmission zeros are designed at the complementary channels so that the two passbands are highly isolated presenting the isolation of about 40 dB. The measured insertion loss of lower and upper passband is 0.59 dB and 0.61 dB respectively. Measured input return loss is better than − 15 dB, while the output return losses are well below − 12 dB. Moreover, a decent value of about 200 is achieved for the group refractive index around the EIT-like passbands, which reveals the slow wave characteristics of the proposed EIT-based diplexer.

Mudabbirah, an Arabic word which means ‘coach’ is part of an Islamic boarding school management. Different from any other personnel of school management, Mudabbirah are selected among students of the 11th grade. This element of management is usually based in each room where students live and is responsible for controlling the day-to-day activities of other students staying in the room. In addition to tasks such as ensuring discipline, mudabbirah is also given a responsibility to coach their juniors in learning foreign languages (in this particular school Arabic and English). Due to the important role this school element plays, this training was held in order to improve mudabbirah language mastery as well as their teaching methodology. The findings show that mudabbirah showed enthusiasm which is reflected by their attendance and activeness during the training. By doing so it is hoped that they can perform their duty better as a result of better developed language knowledge and skills in English and at the same time are skillful coach for their peers

The use of smart and connected devices, such as Android and Internet of Things (IoT) have increased exponentially. In the last 10 years, mobiles and IoT devices have surpassed PC’s utilization. Android hosts an array of connected sensors like IoT. It has transformed a simple gadget into a hub of mobile phone with IoT. With a high number of clients and enormous assortment of Android applications it has been an appealing target for many security threats including malware attacks. To monitor a host of the applications that runs on Android and IoT devices, this study employs a deep learning based feature detector for malware detection which can easily be trained and be used with different classifiers to assess an application’s behavior. The features learnt by the detector can be reused to transfer their learning to any future endeavors toward malware detection. To test the accuracy and effectiveness of the feature detector we test it in two phases: (i) first the features extracted are fed to a fully connected network (FCN) with Softmax activation and in (ii) second scheme we use recurrent layers of attentions to classify the Applications either as malicious or benign. Our findings reveal that the proposed feature detector achieves significant results with an F1-Score of 98.97% and an accuracy of 98%.

In this research article, we have designed a novel image encryption scheme based on Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and chaotic sequencing. We have studied sequences of different genes consisting of four bases, Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T) and Guanine (G), also known as nucleotides which are the fundamental code of life. The purpose of DNA is to store, copy and transmit the genetic information of the living organism. The proposed image encryption scheme uses the chaotic system to generate random sequences and to choose between two or more options. The image is totally transformed by first encoding it into DNA nucleotides, shuffling to achieve diffusion and then substitution is performed to achieve confusion. Then later the DNA fusion operation is performed on the DNA image and the DNA complements are applied on the resulting DNA image, a random number of times to break the residual correlation between the pixels. The cipher image has been tested to fulfill all the standard benchmarks to be categorized as a good ciphered image which includes entropy, correlation coefficient, Pearson’s chi square, peak signal to noise ratio, mean square error, mean absolute error, structure similarity indexed measures, differential analysis and histogram uniformity test.

The study is underpinned by the public sphere paradigm, which emphasizes that language policy and planning (LPP) should be studied from the actual practices of local stakeholders/agents and communi...

Introduction: COPD can affect social and psychological aspects as well as physical health. Anxiety, loss of control in self-reliance, changes in self-concept and respiratory barriers result in serious psychological changes, including fear of death and depression. There is a significant relationship between depression and anxiety with sleep quality of chronic disease patients, the higher the degree of depression the worse the quality of sleep. Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) is a therapy that uses spiritual elements to reduce psychological and physical problems caused by emotional or psychosomatic. Method: This study use Quasy Experiment "with Pre-Post test group control design approach. The population of this study was the patient of COPD in dr. H. Koesnadi Hospital and Bhayangkara Hospital at Bondowoso. Sampling was done by simple random sampling technique according to inclusion criteria with total 68 patients. SEFT intervention performed 8 times for 1 month. Instrument for anxiety using HARS. Data analysis using Mann Whitney Test. Result: There was a significant difference in the level of anxiety (p 0,000) between before and after SEFT therapy. Conclusion: SEFT can reduce anxiety levels of COPD patients, if done regularly and sustainably. The intervention focuses on reducing emotional or psychosomatic psychological problems.

Control charts are commonly applied for monitoring and controlling the performance of the manufacturing process. Usually, control charts are designed based on the main quality characteristics variable. However, there exist numerous other variables which are highly associated with the main variable. Therefore, generalized linear model (GLM)-based control charts were used, which are capable of maintaining the relationship between variables and of monitoring an abrupt change in the process mean. This study is an effort to develop the Phase II GLM-based memory type control charts using the deviance residuals (DR) and Pearson residuals (PR) of inverse Gaussian (IG) regression model. For evaluation, a simulation study is designed, and the performance of the proposed control charts is compared with the counterpart memory less control charts and data-based control charts (excluding the effect of covariate) in terms of the run length properties. Based on the simulation study, it is concluded that the exponential weighted moving average (EWMA) type control charts have better detection ability as compared with Shewhart and cumulative sum (CUSUM) type control charts under the small or/and moderate shift sizes. Moreover, it is shown that utilizing covariate may lead to useful conclusions. Finally, the proposed monitoring methods is implemented on the dataset related to the yarn manufacturing industry to highlight the importance of the proposed control chart.

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the influence of professionalism of the apparatus on the quality of public services in the field of government administration at the Kairatu subdistrict office, West Seram district (Studies on the Waimital Village Community, Kairatu district). The method used in this research is descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The population of this research is 40 people. The results show that after identifying the research variables, it is known that the distribution of respondents' answers to all independent variables is quite varied, but on average they are in the good category. Meanwhile, the condition of public service quality that was perceived by respondents (service users / customers) was also in the good category, but training was not satisfactory. Partially, aspects of the professionalism of urban village officials have a positive and significant influence and have a contributive relationship to the quality of public services.

Objective: The role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species in tuberculosis (TB) infection in human is still questioned. The aim of this study was to determine whether M. tuberculosis and M. bovis is associated with apoptosis and necroptosis by measuring the expression of specific signaling pathways components (Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) and receptor interacting protein 3 (RIP3)), and the level of apoptosis.Results: We recruited 30 patients of pulmonary TB; 24 patients were infected with M. tuberculosis Beijing strain and six patients with M. bovis BCG strain. M. tuberculosis-infected patients were more likely to have severe lung damage compared to those infected with M. bovis (odds ratio [OR]: 7.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-54.09). M. tuberculosis infection was associated with lower expression of FADD and lower apoptosis level of macrophages compared to M. bovis. No significant different of RIP3 between MTBC species groups. In conclusion, M. tuberculosis Beijing strain was associated with severe pulmonary damage, inhibited FADD expression and reduced apoptosis level of macrophages derived from TB. This suggests that the M. tuberculosis Beijing strain is potentially to be used as determinant of disease progressivity and tissue damage in TB cases.

Pranayama Yoga can help improve breathing, and improve calm and also relieve stress. Endurance training can increase lung capacity, improve fitness, and relax the body. However, the combination of pranayama yoga and endurance exercises has never been done in asthma patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the combination of pranayama yoga exercises and endurance exercises for Increased Peak Forced Expiration Flow. The design of this study was Quasy Experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design, the location of the study was in the pulmonary clinic of Universitas Airlangga Hospital and Haji General Hospital in Surabaya, East java. Respondents were selected by purposive sampling techniques in accordance with inclusion criteria with a total of 72 respondents. Peak Expiration Flow is measured from forced vital capacity or The peak expiratory flow (PEF) is the maximum flow obtained within the first 200 milliseconds of a forced expiratory maneuver after inhalation to total lung capacity (TLC). The intervention group was given a combination exercise by doing pranayama yoga and endurance exercise for 6 weeks, 2x per week, 51 minutes for each training session. Pranayama yoga combination exercises and endurance exercise using trainer instructors and modules. FPEF and asthma control were measured every week for 6 weeks. The results showed a significant difference in the level of FPEF and asthma control before and after 6 weeks of interventions combination of pranayama yoga and endurance exercise in the intervention group obtained significance values (p

Recent outbreak of novel Coronavirus disease () pandemic around the world is associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. The death toll associated with the pandemic is increasing day by day....

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is known as a chronic inflammatory disease that not only occurs in the lung, but also affects the systemic. A continuous chronic inflammation in COPD patients will have an increased proinflammatory cytokines, both in COPD patients’ respiratory tract and blood. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of proinflammatory cytokines that increases with COPD progression. IL-6 level examination in COPD patient’s blood as a systemic inflammation indicator is convenient and quick. The research aimed to measure IL-6 level in COPD patient’s serum, to determine COPD severity level, and to analyze correlation between IL-6 and severity level. The research is an observational analytic study using cross sectional design. The samples were 38 non-exacerbated COPD outpatients who visited Lung Unit at Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia and met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study found no significant correlation between IL-6, COPD severity level, COPD obstruction, first forced expiratory volume (FEV1), and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC), withp> 0.05. There was a significant correlation between IL-6 level, body mass index (BMI), and COPD assessment test (CAT) score, withp< 0.05, while there was no significant difference of IL-6 level between high-risk and low-risk patients, withp= 0.066 (p> 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference of IL-6 level between group A and D, withp= 0.040 (p< 0.05). There were no significant correlation and difference between COPD severities, COPD obstruction, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FEC ratio, smoking duration with stable IL-6.

The Thal region of Punjab often experiences dry weather conditions with extreme variability in rainfall on a spatiotemporal scale during Rabi cropping season. The current study assesses the impacts of agricultural drought on wheat crops for 2000–2015. MOD13Q1 and CHIRPS data were used for identifying and assessing variation in agricultural drought patterns and severity. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Stress Vegetation Index (STVI) and wheat crop yield anomalies were computed to characterize the gravity of drought across the Thal region. The results indicate that the wheat Rabi cropping seasons of the years 2000–2002 experienced extreme agricultural drought, with a spatial difference in severity level causing low and poor yield, while the years 2011 and 2014 were almost normal among all the years, leaving varied impacts on wheat yield. The combined agricultural risk map was generated by integrating the agricultural and meteorological droughts severity maps. The combined risk map generated using weighted overlay analysis of all the parameters indicate that the total Thal area can be classified into slight, moderate and no drought covering 28.12, 12.76, and 59.12% respectively of the total area. Hence an agricultural risk map would be extremely helpful as a tool to guide the decision-making process for monitoring drought risk on agricultural productivity.

The digital information is transmitted through different communication channels with ease within no time. The sphere of digital world is evolving and become one of the key aspects of our daily lives. In this regard, confidentially to this digital information which are fundamentally transmitted over insecure line of communication is one of the mandatory concerns. This digital information is placed in different databases available online. In this article, our aim is to perform cryptanalysis of Logarithmic based image encryption scheme and investigate its potential key leakages by utilizing public key to recover its private key. Moreover, we have suggested chaos-based Logarithm scheme which is more secure. The Lorenz system is utilized in an anticipated mechanism which is sensitive to initial conditions and chaotic parameters. The proposed scheme is then authenticated by using available security performance benchmarks. To measure the security against different cryptographic attacks, we utilized the statistical analyses which are entropy and the correlation between the pixels, and the differential analyses which are number of changing pixel rate (NPCR) and the unified averaged changed intensity (UACI). In order to resist the brute force attacks, key sensitivity analyses and key space analyses is also performed. The randomness of proposed encryption scheme investigated through entropy and NIST randomness suit tests. An application on digital images is investigated. Also, we have compared our modified confidentiality scheme with existing benchmarks which suggested our encryption technique is quite reasonable for digital multimedia security.

COVID-19 pandemic has surprised many organizations, this condition has an impact on changing the work culture of organizations. The role of information technology has proven to be the chosen solution for maintaining organizational performance. The main objective of this study is to explore the challenges and opportunities for e-leadership. The main focus of the study is directed at educational organizations and small and medium enterprises in Indonesia. A qualitative approach is used to interview informants scattered in several regions in Indonesia by information technology mediation. An important finding in this paper is that many organizations are not ready to face this condition so that the role of e-leadership is very effective for organizations to maintain the organizations performance and leaders can change their leadership style through social learning and overcome the challenges they must face to become e-leader. In addition, we also find that female leaders tend to be superior to men as e-leader, especially in terms of information technology skills and the use of social media. This paper concludes that e-leadership can be created by leaders who can overcome challenges and seize opportunities to build competitive advantage strategies.

Purpose of the study: The main aim of this study is to propose the conceptual model for developing frontline employees’ behavioural engagement towards value co-creation. Methodology:This research has useda qualitative approach to explain how service firms’ attempt to create value for their frontline employees by facilitating interaction capabilities. Secondly,how facilitation of interaction capabilities help the service firm to engage the frontline employees to co-create the value with the customers, thus,to answer the research questions towardsthe development of a conceptual model through the lens of value co-creation, this studywas conducted(a) in-depth literature review and (b)input from 6 industrial and academic experts. Principal Findings: Through the theoretical support of the S-O-R Model and expectancy theory, the studyconcluded that frontline employees’behavioural engagement in value co-creation mainly depends on interaction capabilities and their motivation. Frontline employee's motives are derivedthrough their expectancies, which they perceive from the service interaction. The capabilities are mainlyfacilitated by the service firms, which, in turn, motivate the frontline employees towards their engagement in value co-creation. Applications of this study: The proposed model has practical implications in complex service settings like automotive, Oil and Gas sectors where frontline employees’ have regular service interaction with the customers. Novelty/Originalityof this study: The proposed model has been developed by taking the theoretical implications of the S-O-R model by focusing on frontline employees’behavioural engagement in value co-creation. However, previous literature on value co-creation has concentrated more on the customer's domain.

Introduction: Poor control of asthma can reduce the quality of life of asthma patients. Doing breathing exercises and regular physical exercise can increase asthma control. Exercises that can be done are a combination of Buteyko breathing techniques and walking exercises. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of a combination of Buteyko breathing techniques and walking exercises on athma control. Methods: The design of this study was quasi experimental with pretest-posttest control group design. The location of the study was in the pulmonary clinic of Regional General Hospital of Sidoarjo Regency and Bangil Regional General Hospital in Pasuruan Regency, East Java. Respondents were selected by randomization by simple random sampling. Respondents in this study amounted to 76 respondents. Asthma control were measured using Asthma Control Test. The intervention group was given a combination exercise with Buteyko breathing technique and walking exercise for 8 weeks, 3x per week, 55 minutes every training session. Giving a combination of Buteyko breathing technique and walking exercises using module and video media. Asthma control measurements were carried out 3 times (pre test, week 4, week 8). Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 with GLM-RM (General Linear Model-Repeated Measure) ANOVA. Result: The research results showed a significant difference in the astma control value between before and after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of the intervention in the treatment group with p = 0.000(p

The paper is focused on exploring the factors that support females’ progression in higher education. The mixed methods approach is taken to conduct the research, consequently the study falls in pragmatic paradigm. The structured questionnaire is used to collect quantitative data from 200 university female students, and semi-structured interview protocol is used to generate qualitative data from 15 female students of the same university. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) has been used to analyse quantitative data, whereas content analysis has been used to analyse qualitative data. The data highlight that literate parents, global trend of females’ acquisition of higher education, media, availability of jobs and scholarships are supportive factors in females’ progression in higher education. An interesting finding revealed from the data is that ‘Islamic Perspective’ of education is also considered as encouraging factor; generally in Pakistani societal context, especially in remote areas, people use ‘Islamic Perspective’ in a distorted way to restrict their girls from getting higher education.

Objectives: Tetanus is an avoidable disease. Significant reduction in the incidence of tetanus is observed around the globe but in Pakistan, its incidence is still high. The objective of current study was to determine the demographic, clinical features, outcome and complications of tetanus patients admitted in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Study Design: This Descriptive-observational study. Setting: At PICU of The Children Hospital & ICH Multan Pakistan. Periods: 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2017. Material and Methods: A total of 77 tetanus cases admit through the study period in PICU. Clinical features, complications, duration of stay and outcome of 77 tetanus cases during study period were noted. Results: Amongst a total of 77 cases, 62 were male (80.6%) and 15(19.4%) female. Most (57.1%) were between 2 to 7 years. Twenty five (32.4%) were unvaccinated, 52 (67.6%) partially vaccinated. According to the grade of severity (Ablett classification), majority (40) were of grade-III. Regarding the outcome, 15 (19.5%) expired. Conclusion: Tetanus is a fatal disease with high mortality rate. Vaccination and right management of the disease are the best options to minimize the load of tetanus in our country.

Objective: To determine the frequency of vertebral fractures in patients presenting with hip fractures. Methods: This prospective study was conducted at The Indus Hospital, Karachi, from May 2018 to November 2018. All patients above 40 years presenting with hip fractures were enrolled and a dorsal lumbar lateral view radiograph was obtained to investigate for vertebral fractures. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS. Post-stratification, Chi-square/Fisher exact test was applied as appropriate to assess the significant association. P value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Three hundred thirty five patients were enrolled. Of these, 189 (56.4%) were females and 165 (49.3%) presented with neck of femur fractures. Out of 335 hip fractures patients, 77 (23%) were found to have concomitant vertebral fractures, with 73 (96.1%) having a compression fracture. T12 was the most common vertebra involved and 68.8% of patients were asymptomatic. Co-morbid conditions were statistically significantly associated with vertebral fractures. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of asymptomatic vertebral fractures in our population, but low compared to studies from western countries. There is a need to evaluate these fractures separately for the prevention of morbidity and mortality. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1709 How to cite this:Chinoy MA, Javed S. Frequency of Vertebral Fractures in Patients presenting with Hip Fractures. Pak J Med Sci. Special Supplement ICON 2020. 2020;36(1):S44-S48. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1709 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) in children after treatment of femoral neck fracture is a very rare condition. This complication should be recognized promptly and treated urgently. The risk of development of this complication can be minimized by anatomical reduction of the fracture and stable internal fixation of the fracture. Five years old male child sustained right sided femur neck fracture and was treated with closed reduction and Hip spica cast application. The fracture healed with a varus deformity. After 7 months, he developed slip of femoral epiphysis with a coxa vara deformity of proximal femur, which was treated with in situ fixation with Cannulated screws. His subsequent course remained uneventful up to five months.Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) after treatment of femoral neck fracture in children is a rare complication that should be recognized and treated promptly. The onset of SCFE may show inadequate reduction or fixation of the fracture. Anatomic reduction and stable internal fixation for femoral neck fracture in children provides best outcomes. Postoperative care and delayed weight bearing are also equally important to avoid complications. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1725 How to cite this:Chinoy MA, Pal S, Khan MA. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis after treatment of femoral neck fracture. Pak J Med Sci. Special Supplement ICON 2020. 2020;36(1):S94-S97. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1725 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Android reflects a revolution in handhelds and mobile devices. It is a virtual machine based, an open source mobile platform that powers millions of smartphone and devices and even a larger no. of applications in its ecosystem. Surprisingly in a short lifespan, Android has also seen a colossal expansion in application malware with 99% of the total malware for smartphones being found in the Android ecosystem. Subsequently, quite a few techniques have been proposed in the literature for the analysis and detection of these malicious applications for the Android platform. The increasing and diversified nature of Android malware has immensely attenuated the usefulness of prevailing malware detectors, which leaves Android users susceptible to novel malware. Here in this paper, as a remedy to this problem, we propose an anti-malware system that uses customized learning models, which are sufficiently deep, and are ’End to End deep learning architectures which detect and attribute the Android malware via opcodes extracted from application bytecode’. Our results show that Bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTMs) neural networks can be used to detect static behavior of Android malware beating the state-of-the-art models without using handcrafted features. For our experiments in our system, we also choose to work with distinct and independent deep learning models leveraging sequence specialists like recurrent neural networks, Long Short Term Memory networks and its Bidirectional variation as well as those are more usual neural architectures like a network of all connected layers(fully connected), deep convnets, Diabolo network (autoencoders) and generative graphical models like deep belief networks for static malware analysis on Android. To test our system, we have also augmented a bytecode dataset from three open and independently maintained state-of-the-art datasets. Our bytecode dataset, which is on an order of magnitude large, essentially suffice for our experiments. Our results suggests that our proposed system can lead to better design of malware detectors as we report an accuracy of 0.999 and an F1-score of 0.996 on a large dataset of more than 1.8 million Android applications.

In this article, a novel antenna subset selection technique for enhancing the Physical Layer Randomness (PLR) of Antenna Subset Modulation (ASM) has been proposed. Hamming Distance Optimized Antenna Subset Selection (HD-OASS) minimizes the correlation between the antenna subsets at transmitter by maximizing the hamming distance between the successively used antenna subsets. Unlike previously proposed Randomized Antenna Subset Selection (RASS) and Side-Lobe Level Optimized Antenna Subset Selection (SLL-OASS), in which antenna subsets are randomly selected from the codebook, HD-OASS chooses the antenna subsets having optimally maximized hamming distance. It is shown that SLL-OASS has rather unfavorable effects on encryption strength due to considerable reduction of codebook size. Furthermore, HD-OASS has been shown to outperform RASS and SLL-OASS in terms of encryption strength in the unwanted directions of eavesdropper.

The rapid advent of radio-frequency (RF) and microwave technologies and systems have given rise to serious electromagnetic pollution, interference and jamming for high-precision detection devices, and even threats to human health. To mitigate these negative impacts, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials and structures have been widely deployed to isolate sophisticated instruments or human settlements from potential EMI sources growing every day. We discuss recent advances in lightweight, low-profile electromagnetic absorbing media, such as metamaterials, metasurfaces, and nanomaterial-based solutions, which may provide a relatively easy solution for EMI shielding and suppressing unwanted RF and microwave noises. We present a general review of the recent progress on theories, designs, modeling techniques, fabrication, and performance comparison for these emerging EMI and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) media.

The present study was conducted for the taxonomic, morphometric and limnological assessment of the commercially important ichthyofauna of Sakhakot Stream, Malakand, Pakistan. The study area was divided into three sites along the water course namely Dargai Stream, Sakhakot Stream and Shergarh Stream. Fish samples were collected randomly during January to August 2017 with the help of fish gears. A taxonomic key was designed for the collected fish specimens. Ten fish species were identified belonging to 3 orders and 4 families. Family Cyprinidae was the dominant family with seven representative species while families Siluridae, Nemacheilidae and Mastacembelidae were represented by one species each. Lower mean total length and standard length was recorded in Puntius conchonius (Hamilton, 1822) as 9.2 ± 0.6 cm and 7.3 ± 0.6 cm respectively, while highest mean total length and standard length was recorded in Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede, 1800) as 28.1 ± 1.7 cm and 15.9 ± 2.4 cm respectively. Mean pH of the water ranged from 6.1 at Shergarh Stream in August to 8.7 at Sakhakot Stream in January. Average temperature range was recorded from 10.9 °C in January at Dargai Stream to 18.7 °C in August at Shergarh Stream. No statistically significant difference was found for temperature (p = 0.96) and pH (p = 0.14) in the three water streams. The present study will provide a baseline for the rearing and enhancement of wild stock of the commercially important ichthyofauna in the field of aquaculture and fisheries. Resumo O presente estudo foi realizado para a avaliação taxonômica, morfométrica e limnológica da ictiofauna comercialmente importante do Riacho Sakhakot, Malakand, Paquistão. A área de estudo foi dividida em três locais ao longo do curso de água, nomeadamente Riacho Dargai, Riacho Sakhakot e Riacho Shergarh. As amostras de peixes foram coletadas aleatoriamente durante janeiro e agosto de 2017, com a ajuda de artes de peixes. Uma chave taxonômica foi projetada para os espécimes de peixes coletados. Foram identificadas dez espécies de peixes pertencentes a 3 ordens e 4 famílias. A família Cyprinidae foi a família dominante, com sete espécies representativas, enquanto as famílias Siluridae, Nemacheilidae e Mastacembelidae foram representadas por uma espécie cada. O comprimento total médio mais baixo e o comprimento padrão foram registrados em Puntius conchonius (Hamilton, 1822) como 9.2 ± 0.6 cm e 7.3 ± 0.6 cm, respectivamente, enquanto o comprimento total médio e o comprimento padrão mais altos foram registrados em Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede, 1800) como 28.1 ± 1.7 cm e 15.9 ± 2.4 cm, respectivamente. O pH médio da água variou de 6.1 no Riacho Shergarh em agosto a 8.7 no Riacho Sakhakot em janeiro. A faixa de temperatura média foi registrada de 10.9 °C em janeiro no Riacho Dargai a 18.7 °C em agosto no Riacho Shergarh. Não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa para temperatura (p = 0,96) e pH (p = 0,14) nos três cursos de água. O presente estudo fornecerá uma linha de base para a criação e aprimoramento do estoque selvagem da ictiofauna comercialmente importante no campo da aquicultura e pesca.

Objective: To evaluate the validity of new ultrasound classification in diagnosing malignant thyroid nodule keeping fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as gold standard. Materials and Methods: This validation study was carried out at hospital from September 06-2020 to March-2021 in Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health Multan .A total number of 114 patients who presented with inflamed thyroid nodules were included. General information regarding patient like name, age and gender was documented for data collection. Ultrasonography was done using Linear 7.5 MHz and curvilear 3.5 MHz transducer all patient in supine position and comfortable setting. Features of ultrasound were recorded. Patients having U4-U5 score were labelled as having malignant lesions. All cases were followed up by fine needle aspiration and corresponding histopathology report. Results: Mean age of patients was 46.06±10.34 years. Out of 114 patients, 83 (72.81%) patients were female and only 31 (27.19%) were male. On ultrasonography, malignancy was diagnosed in only 24 (21.05%) patients, and remaining 90 (78.95%) were diagnosed of having benign lesions. On histopathology, malignancy was diagnosed in 25 (21.93%) lesions, while remaining 89 (78.07%) patients were diagnosed of having benign lesions. Sensitivity of ultrasound U-score in diagnosing malignant thyroid nodules was 88%, specificity was 97.8%, PPV was 91.7% and NPV was 96.7%. Conclusion: New sonographic classification system has a reliable accuracy for differentiating malignant from benign solid thyroid nodules. So it can be used as preferred radiological scoring system for initial investigation for solid thyroid nodules. Keywords: Thyroid nodules, ultrasound U-Score, Histopathology, Malignancy, Diagnostic accuracy.

Plant health is the basis of agricultural development. Plant diseases are a major factor for crop losses in agriculture. Plant diseases are difficult to diagnose correctly, and the manual disease diagnosis process is time consuming. For this reason, it is highly desirable to automatically identify the diseases in strawberry plants to prevent loss of crop quality. Deep learning (DL) has recently gained popularity in image classification and identification due to its high accuracy and fast learning. In this research, deep learning models were used to identify the leaf scorch disease in strawberry plants. Four convolutional neural networks (SqueezeNet, EfficientNet-B3, VGG-16 and AlexNet) CNN models were trained and tested for the classification of healthy and leaf scorch disease infected plants. The performance accuracy of EfficientNet-B3 and VGG-16 was higher for the initial and severe stage of leaf scorch disease identification as compared to AlexNet and SqueezeNet. It was also observed that the severe disease (leaf scorch) stage was correctly classified more often than the initial stage of the disease. All the trained CNN models were integrated with a machine vision system for real-time image acquisition under two different lighting situations (natural and controlled) and identification of leaf scorch disease in strawberry plants. The field experiment results with controlled lightening arrangements, showed that the model EfficientNet-B3 achieved the highest classification accuracy, with 0.80 and 0.86 for initial and severe disease stages, respectively, in real-time. AlexNet achieved slightly lower validation accuracy (0.72, 0.79) in comparison with VGGNet and EfficientNet-B3. Experimental results stated that trained CNN models could be used in conjunction with variable rate agrochemical spraying systems, which will help farmers to reduce agrochemical use, crop input costs and environmental contamination.

Police officers may be at a higher risk of suffering from mental disorders (MDs) compared with other occupations. This study aimed to examine the physiological predictors of MDs among police officers in Indonesia. The mental health status of each participant was examined using a standardized Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) tool and underwent several laboratory examinations including hematology, urine, serology, and electrocardiogram tests. A logistic regression was performed to calculate the odds ratio. Of the 4590 participants, 2.14% were diagnosed with MDs. The study found 19 physiological variables are potential predictors of MDs. In multivariate analysis adjusted for body mass index, sex, and age, the concentration of ketones, protein, and specific gravity in urine and the amount of lymphocyte in the blood are among important predictors of MDs. This suggests that carefully examining the results of urinalysis and hematology tests can help us detect early cases of MDs among police officers.

An energy efficient nanoplasmonic metascreen is tailored to support near perfect absorption of sunlight around visible frequency range. To efficiently tap sunlight source, the metascreen is designed to perfectly absorb a spectrally dense region of solar spectrum. The absorption efficiency depends upon the choice of plasmonic material and optical thickness of the dielectric substrate between the metascreen and ground reflector. Alternative plasmonic materials including copper and aluminum are evaluated for their absorption characteristics, and their performance is compared to that of conventional gold and silver. Intrinsic surface plasmon resonance damping in copper-based metascreen platform is ideally suited to absorb an overall 72% of solar spectral irradiance between 400 and 1800 nm wavelength. The proposed polarization independent metascreen absorber can efficiently trap light to improve overall efficiency of solar cell.

Objectives: Recent years have seen advances in respiratory supports for meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) but pneumothorax (PTX) still stands a significant indicator of disease severity. This study was aimed to determine the frequency of PTX in newborn with meconium aspiration. Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Unit 1, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, and Department of Pediatric Medicine, Ghazi Khan Medical College/Hospital, Dera Ghazi Khan. Period: 1st June 2017 to 30th September 2018. Material and Methods: A total of 736 patients with meconium aspiration of age 1-28 days and both genders were included. Patients with congenital heart anomalies and preterm infants were excluded. Presence or absence of PTX in each patient was noted. Results: Age range in this study was from 1 to 28 days with mean age of 12.80 ± 6.52 days. Majority of the patients 434 (58.97%) were between 1 to 14 days of age. Out of the 736 patients, 394 (53.53%) were male and 342 (46.47%) were females with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Frequency of PTX in newborn with meconium aspiration was found in 176 (23.91%) patients. Conclusion: Frequency of PTX in newborn with meconium aspiration is quite high. In every newborn with meconium aspiration, proper management should be done for early prevention as well as taking therapeutic measures in this particular population.

The background of this qualitative research is to look at the Curriculum IAIN as an Islamic Higher Education should have thought about the direction of the development of science in the future, if not then the Curriculum IAIN will be abandoned by both interested people and users, the results of the study indicate that the direction of scientific development of the MPI Study Program Department of Tarbiyah IAIN Curup refers to systemic theo-antrocosmocentric philosophy. The systemic theo-antrocosmocentric paradigm is the work of knowledge which is based on the efforts to attribute, enhance, and accommodate Islamic sciences, social-cultural sciences and science. Making these three families as a chain that cannot be broken which means to combine various elements of knowledge that originate from God and humanity. Deity consists of Islamic sciences including Islamic management. Humanity consists of sociology, culture, communication and science that develops and grows on local wisdom.