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Sentiment analysis is a key component in various text mining applications. Numerous sentiment classification techniques, including conventional and deep-learning-based methods, have been proposed in the literature. In most existing methods, a high-quality training set is assumed to be given. Nevertheless, constructing a high-quality training set that consists of highly accurate labels is challenging in real applications. This difficulty stems from the fact that text samples usually contain complex sentiment representations, and their annotation is subjective. We address this challenge in this study by leveraging a new labeling strategy and utilizing a two-level long short-term memory network to construct a sentiment classifier. Lexical cues are useful for sentiment analysis, and they have been utilized in conventional studies. For example, polar and negation words play important roles in sentiment analysis. A new encoding strategy, that is, ρ -hot encoding, is proposed to alleviate the drawbacks of one-hot encoding and, thus, effectively incorporate useful lexical cues. Moreover, the sentimental polarity of a word may change in different sentences due to label noise or context. A flipping model is proposed to model the polar flipping of words in a sentence. We compile three Chinese datasets on the basis of our label strategy and proposed methodology. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms on both benchmark English data and our compiled Chinese data.

Current research suggests that cadmium (Cd) exposure may be associated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy; however, the details of this relationship are insufficiently understood. The present study investigated the effects of elevated glucose on Cd-induced toxicity to glomerular cells using in vitro and in vivo models, and it demonstrated that Cd exposure and the hyperglycemia of diabetes acting together increased the risk of developing glomerular nephrosis . In vitro, human podocytes were exposed to a DMEM low-glucose media without (control), or with Cd (as CdCl2), or a high-glucose media plus Cd. The CCK-8, ROS, apoptosis, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) assays showed that human podocytes exposed to Cd in a high-glucose media had greater degrees of injury compared with cells treated with Cd at low (euglycemic)-glucose levels. In vivo, diabetic hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin in 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice to which either CdCl2 or saline (control) was intraperitoneally injected twice weekly for 24 weeks. Compared with euglycemic saline-treated controls, the diabetic mice exposed to Cd demonstrated decreased body weight and increased blood urea nitrogen levels along with histopathological renal architecture changes including collagen fiber accumulation. The results of this study supported the hypothesis that hyperglycemia plus Cd exposure increases the risk of damage to glomerular podocytes compared with Cd exposure in euglycemia.

In the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer, DNA methylation plays a critical role. The present study attempts to explore specific prognosis subtypes based on DNA methylation data and develop an epigenetic signature to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with pancreatic cancer.147 samples were included in the training cohort, whereas the validation cohort included 226 samples. The 298 OS-related methylation sites in the training cohort were selected for consensus clustering, and the authors identified three subtypes with a significant difference in prognosis. Cluster1 was associated with poor OS, low-grade disease and high lymph node involvement. In addition, we identified 33 specific methylation sites in Cluster1. Subsequently, we developed a robust qualitative signature consisting of 14 methylation sites to individually predict OS in the training cohort, and the predictive accuracy of this model was confirmed in the validation cohort. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the selected genes in the model were mainly enriched in known cancer-related pathways. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups by the model, and a significant difference in OS was observed between these groups. Classification based on the modeling of a specific DNA methylation site can reveal the heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer and provide guidance for clinicians in predicting the prognosis of pancreatic cancer and providing personalized treatment.

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of multi-drug resistance gene (MDR1) polymorphism in the efficacy and hematological toxicity of chemotherapy regimen based on Epirubicin in patients with breast cancer in Southwest China. Methods: Patients who received Epirubicin-based chemotherapy were included, and polymorphism of C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T were detected by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS). The correlation between different genotypes and chemotherapy efficacy and blood toxicity were evaluated. Results: A total of 102 patients were included, 44 of them were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. There was no significant correlation between all genotypes and alleles of the three SNPs and the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen containing Epirubicin in patients with breast cancer. There was a significant correlation between C3435T polymorphism and grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ leukopenia in patients with breast cancer, the incidence of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ leukopenia in patients with C allele was significantly lower than that in patients with T allele. Conclusion: T allele of C3435T polymorphism may be a risk factor for grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ leukopenia in patients with breast cancer after chemotherapy.

Ternary organic photovoltaic (OPV) strategy is an effective but facile approach to enhance the photovoltaic performance for single-junction devices. Herein, a series of ternary OPVs were fabricated by employing a wide bandgap donor (PBDB-TF) and two acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A)-type nonfullerene small molecule acceptors (NF-SMAs, called F-2Cl and 3TT-OCIC). As the third component, the near-infrared SMA, 3TT-OCIC, has complementary absorption spectrum, narrow bandgap and well-compatible crystallization property to the host acceptor (F-2Cl) for efficient ternary OPVs. With these, the optimal ternary devices yield significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency of 15.23%, one of the very few examples with PCE higher than 15% other than Y6 systems. This is mainly attributed to the increased short-circuit current density of 24.92 mA cm−2 and dramatically decreased energy loss of 0.53 eV. This work presents a successful example for simultaneously improving current, minimizing energy loss and together with modifying the morphology of active layers in OPVs, which will contribute to the further construction of high performance ternary OPVs.

Design-for-testability (DfT) techniques have been widely adopted into the integrated circuit (IC) design process to facilitate manufacture testing. The scan-based DfT architecture is a popular DfT feature that provides full testability for the circuit under test. However, this turns into a double-edged sword for some ICs such as cryptographic chips because scan design could be used as a side channel to access the intermediate encryption results, with which the cipher key can be deduced easily. To resist such scan-based side-channel attacks, many countermeasures are proposed to obfuscate the test data in scan chain. Unfortunately, most of the obfuscation logic, due to the performance and resource constraints, cannot be proven to be irreversible and hence suffers a high risk for the correct test data being derived from the obfuscated output. In this article, we propose to utilize the cryptographic hash module for some post-processing of the test responses in order to secure the scan design. Our approach has several clear advantages over existing ones. First, the security is guaranteed based on the preimage resistance of cryptographic hash function and the introduced salt information and data collection scheme. Second, it incurs low overhead because the hash module is normally available on the IC, in particular, those where security is important. Finally, full testability is retained as we are not modifying any test input. We present the implementation of the proposed secure design, report the experimental results, and demonstrate that our approach can resist all known scan-based side-channel attacks with negligible overhead while maintaining the testability and other testing performances.

Although the number of robotic hepatectomy (RH) performed is increasing, few studies have reported its efficacy in comparison with the conventional surgical modalities. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the perioperative results of RH vs. open hepatectomy (OH) and RH vs. laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH). We systematically searched for English papers published in PubMed (Medline), Embase, and Cochrane library before March 1, 2020. A total of 39 papers and 2999 patients were eventually included. Among the included patients, 1249, 1010, and 740 underwent RH, LH, and OH, respectively. Compared with OH, the operation time was significantly increased but the intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion rate, incidence of severe complications, and length of postoperative hospitalization were significantly reduced in patients with RH. However, there was no significant difference in the use of Pringle maneuver and overall incidence of complications. Compared with LH, the operation time was significantly increased, and the intraoperative blood loss was also more in RH. However, there were no differences in blood transfusion rate, use of Pringle maneuver, incidence of complications, incidence of severe complications, and length of postoperative hospitalization between the two groups. A longer operation time remains the main shortcoming of RH. However, based on the perioperative clinical efficacy, we conclude that RH is comparable to LH but is better than OH for selected patients.

The impact of communication transmission delay on the original blockchain, has not been well considered and studied since it is primarily designed in stable wired communication environment with high communication capacity. However, in a wireless scenario, due to the scarcity of spectrum resource, a blockchain user may have to compete for wireless channel to broadcast transactions following Media Access Control (MAC) mechanism. As a result, the communication transmission delay may be significant and pose a bottleneck on the blockchain system performance and security. To facilitate blockchain applications in wireless Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), this paper aims to investigate whether the widely used MAC mechanism, Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA), is suitable for Wireless Blockchain Networks (WBN) or not. Based on tangle, as an example to analyze the system performance in term of confirmation delay, Transaction Per Second (TPS) and transaction loss probability by considering the impact of queueing and transmission delay caused by CSMA/CA. Next, a stochastic model is proposed to analyze the security issue taking into account the malicious double-spending attack. Simulation results provide valuable insights when running blockchain in wireless network, the performance would be limited by the traditional CSMA/CA protocol. Meanwhile, we demonstrate that the probability of launching a successful double-spending attack would be affected by CSMA/CA as well.

Poisson’s ratio is one of the fundamental features of materials, reflecting the transverse strain response to the applied certain axial strain. The materials with a negative Poisson’s ratio, also known as auxetic materials, are rare in nature and attract lots of research interest because of their unusual mechanical behavior and extensive applications in mechanical nanodevices. Here, we proposed and studied a novel hyperbolic two-dimensional graphene-like structure (GLS) showing a negative Poisson’s ratio behavior by first-principles calculation. The thermodynamic, dynamic, lattice dynamic, and mechanical stabilities of the GLS were carefully studied. In addition, we also explored the electronic structure, mechanical characteristics, and optical-electronic characteristics. The GLS not only displays a negative Poisson’s ratio in certain directions but also shows low-gap semiconductor characteristics and superior electronic conductivity. It is a potential sunscreen material because of the outstanding reflection and absorption for ultraviolet and infrared light.

Glenoid bony lesions play a role in approximately half of anterior shoulder instability cases. The purpose of this study is to see if the anatomy of the coracoid affects the location of glenoid rim defects. We hypothesized that a prominent coracoid (lower and lateral) would be more likely to cause an anterior–inferior glenoid lesion, and a less prominent coracoid more prone to cause an anterior lesion. The null hypothesis being the absence of correlation. Fifty-one shoulder CT-scans from a prospective database, with 3D reconstruction, were analyzed. The position of glenoid lesions was identified using the validated clock method, identifying the beginning and end time. The size of bony glenoid defects was calculated using the validated glenoid ratio method. The position of the coracoid tip was measured in three orthogonal planes. Analysis included 25 right shoulders and 26 left shoulders in seven females and 41 males. The vertical position of the coracoid tip relative to the top of the glenoid was highly correlated to the location of the glenoid defect on the profile view (r = −0.625; 95% CI 0.423–0.768; p = 0.001). Thus, higher coracoids were associated with anterior lesions, while lower coracoids were associated with anterior–inferior lesions. A more laterally prominent coracoid was also correlated with anterior–inferior lesions (r = 0.433; 95% CI 0.179–0.633; p = 0.002). This study shows that coracoid anatomy affects the location of bony Bankart defects in anterior shoulder instability. Lower and laterally prominent coracoids are associated with anterior–inferior lesions. This variation in anatomy should be considered during pre-op planning for surgeries involving bone graft. Level 4 basic science.

Purpose To investigate the risk factors associated with retinal detachment recurrence after first vitrectomy in high myopic eyes with macular hole retinal detachment (MHRD). Methods Patients with high myopic eyes with MHRD who underwent pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil (SO) tamponade with a follow-up period more than 12 months and more than 3 months after SO removal were included in this retrospective study. Logistic regression was performed to determine the risk factors associated with retinal re-detachment. Results A total of 45 eyes from 43 patients were included in this study (11 male and 34 female patients). The retinal re-detachment rate after the first removal of silicon oil was 35.5% (16/45) in a mean postoperative follow-up time of 35.64 ± 32.94 months. Complete macular atrophy on fundus photography (odds ratio (OR) = 17.021, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.218-130.609, p = 0.006) was a risk factor for MHRD after SO removal, while internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling (OR = 0.091, 95% CI: 0.013-0.633, p = 0.015) and duration of SO tamponade (OR = 0.667, 95% CI: 0.454-0.980, p = 0.039) were protective factors. Conclusion For high myopic eyes with MHRD, complete macular atrophy was a significant risk factor for retinal re-detachment after silicon oil removal. ILM peeling and the duration of silicon oil tamponade were protective factors.

The liver is the most common site of metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Treatment of liver metastases determines the prognosis of patients with CRC. Tremendous progress has been made during the last two decades, which has greatly improved the overall survival of CRC patients. Currently, various treatment options are available, including hepatectomy, liver transplantation, local regional therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immune therapy, inevitably leading to some controversies on treatment indications and selection of treatment strategy. Here, we reviewed the existing approaches to treat colorectal cancer liver metastases, with the aim of examining several crucial questions regarding surgical resection, liver transplantation, and medical treatment in clinical practice.

Purpose To compare the anatomic results of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)-guided half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) versus indocyanine green angiography (ICGA)-guided PDT in eyes with acute central serous chorioretinopathy. Methods This study is a prospective, single-center, noninferiority, double-masked, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Fifty-one eyes of 45 patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy were recruited, and randomized to an ICGA-guided group and an OCTA-guided group. The primary outcome measures were the rates of complete subretinal fluid (SRF) resolution at 1 month and 3 months. Results Forty-six eyes of 40 patients finished the follow-up and were analyzed. In the OCTA-guided group, the SRF was completely resolved in 13 (56.5%) eyes within 1 month and in 21 (91.3%) eyes within 3 months. In the ICGA-guided group, the SRF was resolved in 16 (69.6%) of the eyes within 1 month and in 22 (95.7%) of the eyes by 3 months. Optical coherence tomography angiography-guided PDT was demonstrated noninferior to ICGA-guided PDT for SRF resolution rate at 3 months (P = 0.016), but not at 1 month (P = 0.311) for acute central serous chorioretinopathy patients. Subretinal fluid did not recur in any of the eyes in the OCTA-guided group, but did recur in 2 eyes (8.7%) of the ICGA-guided group during the 3-month follow-up period. Conclusion Optical coherence tomography angiography-guided PDT seemed to be noninferior to ICGA-guided PDT for resolution of SRF at 3 months in eyes with acute central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose Although the effects of cadmium (Cd) on the development of diabetes have been extensively investigated, the relationship between Cd exposure and the severity of established diabetes is unclear. Herein, we investigate the effects of long-term exposure to Cd in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of type 2 diabetes and the underlying mechanism. Methods C57BL/6 Mice were divided into the following four groups: 1) control group; 2) Cd-exposed group; 3) diabetic group; 4) Cd-exposed diabetic group. Cd exposure was established by the administration of 155 ppm CdCl2 in drinking water. After 25 weeks of treatment, serum fasting glucose and insulin were measured. Meanwhile, the liver and pancreas specimens were sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin and eosin. Gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, lactate concentration and fibrosis in liver were evaluated. Results Clinical signs attributable to diabetes were more apparent in Cd-exposed diabetic mice. Interestingly, Cd exposure significantly decreased fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic group. We further demonstrated that the glycolysis related hepatic enzymes, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM-2) and lactic dehydrogenase A (LDHA) were both increased, while the gluconeogenesis related hepatic enzymes, phosphoenolpyruvate-1 (PCK-1) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) were both decreased in Cd exposed diabetic mice, indicating that Cd increased glycolysis and inhibited gluconeogenesis in diabetic model. Moreover, lactate accumulation was noted accompanied by the increased inflammation and fibrosis in the livers of diabetic mice following Cd exposure. Conclusions Cd exposure disturbed glucose metabolism and exacerbated diabetes, providing a biological relevance that DM patients are at greater risk when exposed to Cd.

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious diabetic complication with high mortality. Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and plays an important role in cardiac lesions. However, whether Cd aggravates DCM is debatable. In the present study, the effects of chronic Cd exposure on cardiomyopathy in normal and type 2 diabetic mice were investigated. Methods: Sixty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: blank control (normal mice without Cd exposure), Cd control (normal mice with Cd exposure, exposure level 1.74-2.45 mg/kg/day), diabetic mice control (diabetic mice without Cd exposure) and experimental group (diabetic mice with Cd exposure, exposure level 1.37-3.58 mg/kg/day). After 16 weeks Cd exposure, echocardiography was performed to determine cardiac structure and function. Other outcomes measures included myocardial injury, inflammation and fibrosis. Results: Cd damaged the cardiac function by decreased EF% (ejection fraction) and FS% (fractional shortening) and increased concentration of cTnT (cardiac troponin T) and the expressions of BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) and ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) in normal mice. For experimental group, the expression of IL-1 (Interleukin-1), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1), FN (fibronectin) and TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1) were significantly increased, indicating that Cd promoted the accumulations of fibrosis and inflammation in diabetic mice. In terms of cardiac function, compared with normal mice, the cardiac injury marker of experimental mice was increased and the myocardial contractility was further attenuate, suggesting diabetic mice were more sensitive than normal mice when exposed to cadmium. Conclusion: Cd could damage the heart contractility and aggravate the disruption of cardiac function in diabetic mice by deteriorating inflammation and fibrosis.

Since the 2000s, China has been fast establishing English-language academic journals to further internationalize research. This article delineates a national scenario of such journals in the humanities and social sciences (HSS) and explores their efforts and predicaments in bringing China’s HSS research to the world. Based on first-hand data collected empirically through interviews and documents, it shows that HSS English-language journals in China attempt to challenge yet are conditioned at the same time by the imbalanced international knowledge structure. While still at a preliminary stage of development in terms of quantity and quality, the journals have already been confronted with major challenges including English language hurdles, unfavorable position in research evaluation systems, unfamiliarity with standards of international academic writing and publishing, and tensions between international ambition and local commitment. This article argues that HSS journals in non-Western societies including China need to strike a balance between their contemporary bid for international visibility and long-term contribution to multiple perspectives in global HSS research.

Large-scale wind farms are generally integrated by long-distance transmissions, but power grids cannot sufficiently support the access point voltage of these wind farms. The access point voltage undergoes a stability problem under wind speed variations. However, the reactive power compensation device cannot reconcile the requirements of response speed and compensation capacity. Despite their fast power decoupling control, the reactive power capability of doubly fed induction generators is restricted by active power output. To satisfy the reactive power demand of system under wind speed variations, coordinating the reactive power capability and active power output of wind farm is the key solution, based on which a novel active control idea is proposed. The reactive power capability of wind farm and the reactive power demand of system are both studied, and the controllable conditions of access point voltage are analyzed. Active voltage control strategies, including active adjustment of reactive power reference, active speed control, and active pitch angle intervention according to wind speed ranges, are proposed. In the simulation, the method is verified to adequately consider the reactive power demand, and excavate the wind farm reactive power capability. The method also effectively suppresses the change of grid voltage under wind speed variations.

The rotor angle stability of power systems under the influence of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines has elicited increasing attention as the penetration of wind power increases. The flexible and controllable power capability of DFIG makes it feasible to improve the stability performance of power systems. However, the effects of DFIG on rotor angle stability are not accurate because the phase angle variation of grid voltage has not been considered in existing studies. Current stability control methods may not be effective. This study proposes a rotor angle stability control method considering phase-amplitude characteristics of transient-grid voltage. Variations in both amplitude and phase angle of grid voltage are considered to analyse the effect of DFIG on the rotor angle stability of the DFIG-integrated power system. An evaluation index, which represents the accelerating area variation of the synchronous generator (SGs), is defined to quantise the effect of DFIG. In addition, the controllable power region of DFIG is established by considering DFIG's power constraints and effects on system stability. The control method of rotor angle stability is proposed based on the controllable power region and the evaluation index. Simulation results verify that the effectiveness of proposed method.

Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known toxic metal element that is largely distributed in the environment. Cd causes toxicity to most organs. Accumulating evidence suggests that Cd exposure is associated with islet dysfunction and development of diabetes, but the association remains controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible effects of chronic Cd exposure on glucose metabolism in male C57BL/6 mice. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with CdCl2solution (1 mg.kg−1) twice a week for 24 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and body weights were measured weekly. After 24 weeks, the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT), and fasting serum insulin (FSI) level test were performed. The insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and pancreaticβcell function index (HOMA-β) were calculated and analyzed. The expression of insulin receptor (IR) in mouse liver was detected by real-time PCR. Pancreatic tissue was collected for histological examination. The results demonstrated that FBG, IPGTT, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-βwere identical between Cd exposure and control mice. In contract, mean fasting serum insulin level, area under the curve (AUC) of IPITT, and IR expression in livers of Cd-exposed mice decreased significantly compared with control mice. Cd administration induced islet atrophy and decreased islet area. The results suggested that Cd exposure decreased insulin secretion and maintained glucose homeostasis in male C57BL/6 mice and that pancreatic functions should be monitored in populations chronically exposed to Cd.

The study investigated the effects of low cadmium (Cd) burden on the respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in occupational workers. The study population consisted of 98 nickel-cadmium battery workers. Levels of urine cadmium, urinary creatinine (Cr), and data on the adverse respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function of the participants were measured and collected respectively. The urinary cadmium level in cadmium-exposed workers (n = 53) was within the normal range but greater than 2.4 times than those of the control group (n = 45). Compared with the control group, the cadmium-exposed workers had higher prevalence of all subjective respiratory symptoms studied in the study. The prevalence of cough (30%), phlegm (23%), and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (79%) in the exposure group was significantly (P

The purpose of this article is to compare optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). OCTA, ICGA and fluorescein angiography (FA) images of all enrolled patients were collected and compared. Abnormal areas were annotated on en face choriocapillaris OCTA and ICGA images and compared with each other. We found three main types of anomalies in choriocapillaris OCTA images: type A, coarse granulated high reflective area (61 eyes [92.4%]); type B, roundish dark halo around Type A (54 eyes [81.8%]); and type C, coarse granulated low reflective area (66 eyes [100%]). There were 54 eyes (81.8%) that exhibited all three types abnormalities, 7 (10.6%) had only type A and C abnormalities, and 5 (7.6%) had only type C abnormalities. The Mean JI of type A on OCTA and hyperfluorescence area on ICGA was 0.84 ± 0.15 and 0.82 ± 0.23 for grader 1 and 2, respectively. Type A area on OCTA had a statistically larger area than hyperfluorescence on ICGA (P = 0.01 [paired t-test]). In summary, abnormalities were found on OCTA images of CSC. Coarse granulated high reflective area in OCTA corresponded well with the hyper-permeability area in ICGA in most of the eyes.

Long exposure time and wide field can effectively improve the ability of a space surveillance telescope to detect faint space targets. However, complicated situations pose challenges for space target detection. Background star images usually manifest a rotated streak, and target trajectories can be crossed, discontinuous, or nonlinear. This paper presents an accurate and robust space target detection method, namely, spatiotemporal pipeline multistage hypothesis testing (SPMHT), to overcome the issues. Specifically, the method includes the following two stages: First, in the spatiotemporal pipeline filtering step, Spatiotemporal-related Intersection over Union (SrIoU) is used to calculate the IoU score instead of the traditional method. Benefiting from the differences between motion characteristics of targets and stars and the insensitivity of the SrIoU score to the noise, the spatiotemporal pipeline filtering can effectively remove the streak images of background stars and obtain candidate points. Second, a series of candidate points is further organized into a tree structure. We pruned in the tree structure combined with these candidate trajectories by using velocity and direction feature of moving objects. Furthermore, in the search step, fast adaptive sequence region search is used to reduce the computational cost. The experimental results for two datasets, simulated image datasets and real captured image datasets, demonstrate the effectiveness in addressing the difficulties of space target detection in complicated situations.

Object detection is a challenging task in the field of remote sensing applications due to the complex backgrounds and uncertain orientation of targets. Compared with the horizontal bounding box, the oriented bounding box can provide orientation information while retaining the true size. Most existing oriented object detection methods are based on Faster-RCNN and the other one-stage methods that can achieve real-time speed but have shortcomings in localization and detection accuracy. To further enhance the performance of one-stage methods, we propose an oriented object detection framework that is based on the single shot detector, namely, single shot anchor refinement network (S2ARN). The S2ARN obtains the accurate detection results by performing two consecutive regressions. More precisely, the multilevel features of the backbone are used to regress the coordinate offsets between the predefined rotated anchors and the ground-truth boxes to generate the refined anchors. The classification and regression subnetworks assigned to the output features are used to perform the second regression to determine the class labels and further adjust the location of the refined anchors. In addition, receptive field amplification modules (RFAMs) are inserted to enlarge the receptive field and extract more discriminative features. Furthermore, in the anchor matching step, angle-related Intersection over Union (ArIoU) is used to calculate the Intersection over Union (IoU) score instead of the traditional method. Benefiting from the multiple regressions and the insensitivity of the ArIoU score to the angle deviation, the angle sampling interval of the rotated anchor can be reduced. The experimental results for the two public datasets, HRSC2016 and UCAS-AOD, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed network.

Wind speed fluctuations are extremely easy to cause the voltage change frequently. The existing voltage control methods are lacking in adjustment range and response speed. When wind speed fluctuates substantially or rapidly, voltage exceeding limit and the resulting grid safety problems cannot be avoided. Therefore, reasonably distributing and utilizing the reactive power of variable speed wind turbines in the whole network are an inevitable choice. However, the controllable reactive capacity of wind turbines is limited by converter capacity and active power, and thus, the grid demand may not be met. A new idea of active and reactive power-coordinated control for preventing voltage exceeding limit due to wind speed fluctuations was proposed. The effects of wind speed fluctuations on voltage were analyzed, and the controllable reactive capacity of variable speed wind turbines under wind speed fluctuations was studied. The relationship between voltage and the active and reactive power of wind farms was deduced. The theory and method of active and reactive power coordinated control before wind speed fluctuations were proposed based on the model predictive control theory. The control model based on multi-timescale was established. Finally, it was verified that the method can solve the voltage problems and maximize the system economy.

With a high proportion of wind power being transmitted through ac and dc lines, a new power grid pattern has gradually emerged. A dc inverter is prone to commutation failure, which may lead to cascading trip of ac lines for overload, resulting in serious consequences. However, existing control methods have problems of over- or under-shedding and are unsuitable for high-proportion wind power transmission systems. Accordingly, a new fault overload control method based on emergency acceleration of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is proposed. The fast power control capability of DFIG is fully utilized; the active power of power grid could be rapidly balanced. First, the fault characteristics of a wind power ac/dc transmission system under the fault of dc receiving-end grid are analyzed, and the power flow transfer after self-recovery from the dc commutation failure is derived. Second, by analyzing the power characteristics of DFIG, a fault overload control idea of the wind power transmission system is proposed based on emergency acceleration of DFIG. At last, the maximum controllable capacity of a wind farm is analyzed, and a fault overload control strategy of the wind power transmission system is proposed. The simulation results prove that the proposed method can rapidly reduce the output of wind farms and prevent the overload of ac lines.

Background To investigate the repeatability of superficial retinal vessel density measurements in healthy eyes with long axial length (AL) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods There were 60 eyes of 31 volunteers enrolled in this cross-sectional observational study. All subjects underwent OCTA, AL and refraction test. The enrolled eyes were divided into the long AL group (26 mm ≤ AL

In order to reduce the error of short-term photovoltaic (PV) power forecast without irradiance data, a prediction model based on daily feature matrix and long short term-memory (LSTM) deep neural network is proposed. Firstly, various factors affecting PV output are analyzed to select model inputs effectively. On this basis, a new similar day selection method considering the internal and external factors under multi-source data integration scenarios is introduced. Based on weather forecast information and day-ahead PV power data, daily feature matrices can be constructed to determine similar days by calculating the distances between the matrices. Then, the similar historical PV power vector is used as an input of a LSTM deep neural network, combined with meteorological forecast information to realize the final power prediction. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method can be validated with the actual data of residential PV systems in North America.

The cell-mediated protective and pathogenic immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection remain largely unknown. Here, we identified 76 distinct cell subsets in the PBMC samples that were associated with various clinical presentations of COVID-19 using scRNA-seq technology coupled with a deep and comprehensive analysis of unique cell surface markers and differentially expressed genes. Notable cell subsets include (NCAM1hiCD160+)NK and (TRAV1-2+CD8+)MAIT cells increased in the asymptomatic subjects, (LAG3+CD160+CD8+)NKT cells increased in the symptomatic patients, (CD68-CSF1R-IL1BhiCD14+)classical monocytes associated with age and disease severity, (CD33-HLA-DMA-CD14+)classical monocytes and (CLEC10A-S100A9lo)pDC associated with the viral persistence, neutrophils and (CD68-CSF1R-IL1BhiCD14+ )classical monocytes dramatically increased in a fatal patient, whereas (LAG3+CD160+CD8+)NKT and (FOXP3+IL2RA+IL7R+CD4+)Treg cells markedly increased in a patient with humoral immunodeficiency. The GO and KEGG analyses identified enriched pathways related to immune responses, inflammation, apoptosis and other processes. These findings may enhance our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and help develop novel strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Funding Information: This study is supported in part by the Department of Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 2020ZDXM2-SF-02) (CZ and BS) and the operational funds from The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (CZ and BS). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

This article discussed multiple energy flow simulation technology based on the research status of integrated community energy system. Under the unified platform architecture, simulation, planning, optimization, and analysis of distribution multiple energy flow are realized. According to the idea of three cascades of energy utilization, the modeling of equipment in various professional fields is completed under unified software architecture, and the simulation system is finally developed. The system is built with plug-in software, which is open and extensible. The simulation system developed in this paper can be used in the simulation of distribution integrated energy system to realize the interaction between energy flow and information flow.

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology, as an important part of a new generation of information technology, is beginning to be applied in more and more fields. However, due to the lack of basic security technology, the Internet of Things is facing a severe information security situation. Blockchain technology, as a new solution that can realize decentralized collaboration in an untrusted network, has a natural fit with IoT, which is inherently distributed. The performance of the blockchain largely depends on the consensus mechanism, but the current research rarely discusses IoT security from the perspective of the consensus mechanism. In this article, we comprehensively analyzed the impact of the consensus mechanism on IoT security. First, we briefly explained the blockchain technology. Next, we analyzed and discussed typical consensus mechanisms. Then, we proposed to classify current IoT security issues from three perspectives: data security, communication security, and application security. Next, we discussed the consensus mechanism of single-chain and multi-chain in IoT. Finally, we analyzed the problems of blockchain consensus in IoT security. In response to the security challenges of IoT, it is proposed to look forward to the optimization of consensus from three perspectives: the optimization of blockchain node evaluation, the optimization of blockchain architecture, and the optimization of blockchain storage. We hope to contribute to the future development and innovation of blockchain in IoT.

A series of ternary organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are fabricated with one wide bandgap polymer D18-Cl as donor, and well compatible Y6 and Y6-1O as acceptor. The open-circuit-voltage (VOC) of ternary OPVs is monotonously increased along with the incorporation of Y6-1O, indicating that the alloy state should be formed between Y6 and Y6-1O due to their excellent compatibility. The energy loss can be minimized by incorporating Y6-1O, leading to the VOC improvement of ternary OPVs. By finely adjusting the Y6-1O content, a power conversion efficiency of 17.91% is achieved in the optimal ternary OPVs with 30 wt% Y6-1O in acceptors, resulting from synchronously improved short-circuit-current density (JSC) of 25.87 mA cm−2, fill factor (FF) of 76.92% and VOC of 0.900 V in comparison with those of D18-Cl : Y6 binary OPVs. The JSC and FF improvement of ternary OPVs should be ascribed to comprehensively optimal photon harvesting, exciton dissociation and charge transport in ternary active layers. The more efficient charge separation and transport process in ternary active layers can be confirmed by the magneto-photocurrent and impedance spectroscopy experimental results, respectively. This work provides new insight into constructing highly efficient ternary OPVs with well compatible Y6 and its derivative as acceptor., By employing the well compatible Y6 : Y6-1O as acceptor and wide bandgap polymer D18-Cl as donor, the PCE of 17.91% is achieved in optimized ternary OPVs, resulting from the simultaneously improved JSC, FF and VOC.

Background COVID-19 is a global pandemic that is affecting more than 200 countries worldwide. Efficient diagnosis and treatment are crucial to combat the disease. Computer-interpretable guidelines (CIGs) can aid the broad global adoption of evidence-based diagnosis and treatment knowledge. However, currently, no internationally shareable CIG exists. Objective The aim of this study was to establish a rapid CIG development and dissemination approach and apply it to develop a shareable CIG for COVID-19. Methods A 6-step rapid CIG development and dissemination approach was designed and applied. Processes, roles, and deliverable artifacts were specified in this approach to eliminate ambiguities during development of the CIG. The Guideline Definition Language (GDL) was used to capture the clinical rules. A CIG for COVID-19 was developed by translating, interpreting, annotating, extracting, and formalizing the Chinese COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment guideline. A prototype application was implemented to validate the CIG. Results We used 27 archetypes for the COVID-19 guideline. We developed 18 GDL rules to cover the diagnosis and treatment suggestion algorithms in the narrative guideline. The CIG was further translated to object data model and Drools rules to facilitate its use by people who do not employ the non-openEHR archetype. The prototype application validated the correctness of the CIG with a public data set. Both the GDL rules and Drools rules have been disseminated on GitHub. Conclusions Our rapid CIG development and dissemination approach accelerated the pace of COVID-19 CIG development. A validated COVID-19 CIG is now available to the public.

Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was discovered in China in December 2019. It has developed into a threatening international public health emergency. With the exception of China, the number of cases continues to increase worldwide. A number of studies about disease diagnosis and treatment have been carried out, and many clinically proven effective results have been achieved. Although information technology can improve the transferring of such knowledge to clinical practice rapidly, data interoperability is still a challenge due to the heterogeneous nature of hospital information systems. This issue becomes even more serious if the knowledge for diagnosis and treatment is updated rapidly as is the case for COVID-19. An open, semantic-sharing, and collaborative-information modeling framework is needed to rapidly develop a shared data model for exchanging data among systems. openEHR is such a framework and is supported by many open software packages that help to promote information sharing and interoperability. Objective This study aims to develop a shared data model based on the openEHR modeling approach to improve the interoperability among systems for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. Methods The latest Guideline of COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment in China was selected as the knowledge source for modeling. First, the guideline was analyzed and the data items used for diagnosis and treatment, and management were extracted. Second, the data items were classified and further organized into domain concepts with a mind map. Third, searching was executed in the international openEHR Clinical Knowledge Manager (CKM) to find the existing archetypes that could represent the concepts. New archetypes were developed for those concepts that could not be found. Fourth, these archetypes were further organized into a template using Ocean Template Editor. Fifth, a test case of data exchanging between the clinical data repository and clinical decision support system based on the template was conducted to verify the feasibility of the study. Results A total of 203 data items were extracted from the guideline in China, and 16 domain concepts (16 leaf nodes in the mind map) were organized. There were 22 archetypes used to develop the template for all data items extracted from the guideline. All of them could be found in the CKM and reused directly. The archetypes and templates were reviewed and finally released in a public project within the CKM. The test case showed that the template can facilitate the data exchange and meet the requirements of decision support. Conclusions This study has developed the openEHR template for COVID-19 based on the latest guideline from China using openEHR modeling methodology. It represented the capability of the methodology for rapidly modeling and sharing knowledge through reusing the existing archetypes, which is especially useful in a new and fast-changing area such as with COVID-19.

Background Aberrant DNA methylation is often involved in carcinogenesis. This study is designed to establish an epigenetic signature to predict overall survival (OS) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods DNA methylation and RNA-seq data of PDAC patients were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas database, Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database. Methylation-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using an R package MethylMix. Epigenetic signature and nomogram were established by the LASSO and multivariate Cox regression analysis, respectively. In addition, a joint survival analysis of the gene expression and methylation was performed to identify potential prognostic factors for patients with PDAC. Results There were a total of 56 methylation-related DEGs by MethylMix criteria. After LASSO Cox regression analysis, we developed an epigenetic signature composed of five genes according to their methylation level. The signature was able to divide patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, and the OS between the high-and low-risk groups was more significantly different in both training and validation cohort. The signature is independent of clinicopathological variables and indicated better predictive power. Moreover, we developed a novel prognostic nomogram that combines risk scores with three clinicopathological factors. The joint survival analysis of gene expression and methylation revealed that 24 genes could be independent prognostic factors for OS in PDAC. Conclusions The qualitative signature and nomogram that predict OS at the individualized level and guide therapy for patients with PDAC.

Purpose. To study the short-term anatomical and functional outcomes in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) who were previously treated with conbercept and switched to ranibizumab or bevacizumab due to persistent activity. Methods. This retrospective single-arm study included nAMD patients who were followed up for at least three months after switching from at least 3 monthly intravitreal conbercept injections to bevacizumab or ranibizumab for persistent choroidal neovascularization (CNV) activity. The demographic data, treatments, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and the height of pigmented epithelial detachment (PED) before and after switching were recorded and analyzed. Results. A total of 64 eyes of 64 patients were included with a mean follow-up of 9.6 ± 3.0 months. The average number of injections of conbercept was 3.6 ± 0.8 (range, 3–5) before switching. 18 eyes were switched to bevacizumab, and the other 46 eyes were switched to ranibizumab. After switching, mean BCVA slowly improved from 0.73 ± 0.48 to 0.64 ± 0.41 (p=0.0132) at one month after the last intravitreal injection of ranibizumab or bevacizumab during the mean follow-up of 4.4 ± 2.0 months. One month after switching, the mean CMT decreased significantly from 294.9 ± 121.8 μm to 230.9 ± 107.0 μm (p<0.0001) and kept stable during the follow-up. There was a significant reduction of maximum PED height (mPEDH) at the first month after switching (from 384.3 ± 340.3 μm to 287.2 ± 245.2 μm, p=0.0018) and kept stable during the follow-up. The mean PED height at foveal center (cPEDH) showed a regression over time after switching (from 169.3 ± 230.6 μm to 130.5 ± 180.2 μm, p=0.0227) and also kept stable during the follow-up. The proportion of patients with IRF was slightly increased but not statistically significant before switching. After switching, this proportion decreased significantly from 96.9% to 81.3% at one month after the first intravitreal injection of ranibizumab or bevacizumab (p=0.0086). The proportion of patients with SRF did not change significantly before and after switching. The mean decrease of mPEDH and cPEDH at the last follow-up after switching was significantly larger in the IVR subgroup than in the IVB subgroup (p=0.023 and 0.010). Conclusion. Our results indicate that switching from intravitreal conbercept injections to bevacizumab or ranibizumab can lead to significant improvement of CMT, PED, and IRF and slight improvement of BCVA in a short period of time for persistent nAMD patients.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, is now generating a global epidemic, leading to a severe public health emergency. Until April 12, 2020 around 1,700,954 confirmed cases and 105,633 deaths have been reported all over the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Under this circumstance, surgical activities should be carefully evaluated to avoid excessive occupation of limited medical resources, and to reduce the possibility of hospital infection. China has achieved an inspiring achievement on epidemic control. Here, we reviewed available studies on surgical activities during the outbreak, in combination with our current experience, with the aim of providing feasible suggestions on surgical issues during the COVID-19 pandemic.

A regional power grid containing high-density wind power is generally connected to a load centre through long-distance transmission lines. Voltage problems, caused by wind speed fluctuation, in the sending-end grid have become increasingly serious. The variable speed wind turbine has been used to compensate the deficit in reactive power. However, the available methods could not meet the requirement because the controllable range of reactive power contributed by wind farms cannot be adjusted. A new idea of reactive power control realised by the active control before wind speed fluctuation was proposed to prevent the voltage variation. Firstly, the influence of wind speed fluctuation on voltage was analysed, and the power controllable range of wind turbines was studied. The principle and strategy of the active control of reactive power were proposed based on the model predictive control theory. Then, the active control model was established according to the system dynamic demand for reactive power. According to wind speed forecasting, the reactive control capability of wind turbine was excavated to meet the grid demand by adjusting active power before wind speed variation, and the reduced active power of wind farms is optimally compensated by thermal powers. Finally, the method was proven to solve voltage problems.

With the development of large wind farms, the voltage problem caused by the power changes of wind farms occurs continuously because of the wind speed variation. The problem cannot be resolved by extra reactive power compensation because of the limitations in cooperation and response speed. A doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) possesses the power decoupling control capability, which can be used to prevent the voltage change rapidly. However, the dynamic processes of the power demands of the grid and the power limits of the DFIG have not been considered. Therefore, a vector equivalent model of the DFIG considering the controllability of the rotor voltage is established. The feasible power ranges that are limited by the electromagnetic process and controller response are deduced. The dynamic requirement and limitation of the reactive power under the wind speed variation are investigated. The emergency control strategy of reactive power contributed by the DFIG is proposed on the basis of the requirement and limitation. The simulation shows that the rapid adjustment capability of the DFIG can be fully utilised by the proposed method.

In phase measuring deflectometry, two orthogonal sinusoidal fringe patterns are separately projected on the test surface and the distorted fringes reflected by the surface are recorded, each with a sequential phase shift. Then the two components of the local surface gradients are obtained by triangulation. It usually involves some complicated and time-consuming procedures (fringe projection in the orthogonal directions). In addition, the digital light devices (e.g. LCD screen and CCD camera) are not error free. There are quantization errors for each pixel of both LCD and CCD. Therefore, to avoid the complex process and improve the reliability of the phase distribution, a phase extraction algorithm with five-frame crossed fringes is presented in this paper. It is based on a least-squares iterative process. Using the proposed algorithm, phase distributions and phase shift amounts in two orthogonal directions can be simultaneously and successfully determined through an iterative procedure. Both a numerical simulation and a preliminary experiment are conducted to verify the validity and performance of this algorithm. Experimental results obtained by our method are shown, and comparisons between our experimental results and those obtained by the traditional 16-step phase-shifting algorithm and between our experimental results and those measured by the Fizeau interferometer are made.

In this paper, the pressure distribution of aerostatic thrust bearings with vacuum pre-loading was investigated by solving the full Navier–Stokes equations based on the computational fluid dynamics method. The influences of the supply pressure, vacuum pressure, orifice diameter, and gas film thickness on the absolute pressure ratio were investigated. The finite difference method was used to study the effects of the vacuum chamber area, orifice diameter, orifice number, supply pressure, and vacuum pressure on the bearing stiffness. It is confirmed that the orifice diameter and film thickness had a great influence on the absolute pressure ratio, which increased with the reduction in the gas film thickness and the rise in the orifice diameter. The bearing stiffness can be improved by increasing the supply pressure, orifice number or vacuum chamber area or decreasing the orifice diameter or vacuum pressure, which provides useful guidance for the optimization design of aerostatic thrust bearings with vacuum preloading.

Limited by the reserve capacity and control speed of synchronous generator (SG), the prediction error of wind power (PEWP) results in severe frequency problems in power systems with high-proportion wind energy. The deloading of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) is an effective way to provide active power support for the grid frequency. However, the existing methods are usually based on a fixed deloading rate, which is difficult to match the uncertainty of PEWP. Accordingly, a new idea of dynamic deloading is proposed considering the influence of safe limit of DFIGs, prediction error of wind power, spinning reserve of SGs, and system operating costs. The positive and negative reserve capacities of DFIG are derived based on coordinating the rotor accelerating control and pitch angle control. The allocation principle of the reserve capacity of DFIGs and SGs for frequency regulation is built. Thus a partitioned scheduling mode of power systems with high-proportion wind power based on the optimal deloading of DFIGs to participate in frequency regulation control is proposed. The simulation shows that the proposed method can simultaneously satisfy the dynamic frequency regulation demand and operating costs of power systems.

The transformation relationship of the coordinate variables between principal stress space and deviatoric stress plane has been deduced and the isochronous creep rupture loci of disparate criteria ...

A novel wavefront reconstruction algorithm for radial shearing interferometer (RSI) is proposed in this paper. Based on the shearing relationship of RSI, an interpolation coefficient matrix is established by the radial shearing ratio and the number of discrete points of test wavefront. Accordingly, the expanded wavefront is characterized by the interpolation coefficient matrix and the test wavefront. Consequently the test wavefront can be calculated from the phase difference wavefront. The numerical simulation is conducted to confirm the correctness of the proposed algorithm. Compared with the previous wavefront reconstruction methods, the proposed algorithm is more accurate and stable.

Phase Measuring Deflectometry (PMD) is a non-contact, high dynamic-range and full-field metrology which becomes a serious competitor to interferometry. However, the accuracy of deflectometry metrology is strongly influenced by the level of the calibrations, including test geometry, imaging pin-hole camera and digital display. In this paper, we propose a novel method that can measure optical flat surface figure to a high accuracy. We first calibrate the camera using a checker pattern shown on a LCD display at six different orientations, and the last orientation is aligned at the same position as the test optical flat. By using this method, lens distortions and the mapping relationship between the CCD pixels and the subaperture coordinates on the test optical flat can be determined at the same time. To further reduce the influence of the calibration errors on measurements, a reference optical flat with a high quality surface is measured, and then the system errors in our PMD setup can be eliminated by subtracting the figure of the reference flat from the figure of the test flat. Although any expensive coordinates measuring machine, such as laser tracker and coordinates measuring machine are not applied in our measurement, our experimental results of optical flat figure from low to high order aberrations still show a good agreement with that from the Fizeau interferometer.

The data on subaperture in this paper is collected by a Hartmann test device or a Hartmann–Shack wavefront sensor. The slope data on each subaperture of the test optical component is obtained via the linear least squares fitting routine in this paper. Importantly, the error transfer formulas are deduced when the measurement data are polluted by the random noise, which will affect the uncertainty of stitching parameters, such as tilt or defocus. In particular, the accuracy formulas for stitching evaluation, which can be used to calculate the stitching error of each point on each subaperture for both the parallel mode and the serial mode, are derived mathematically. Therefore, this paper provides these formulas to estimate exactly the stitching error in each subaperture if the variance of random noise has been estimated and if the overlapping area is also given in advance. The results of simulation experiments show that the stitching accuracy formulas proposed are verified and they can be used to evaluate stitching accuracy. The reason why the error of the parallel stitching mode is less than that of the serial stitching mode is presented theoretically.

The Integrated Electrical and Natural-gas System (IENS) based on Power-to-Gas (P2G) devices and gas-burning units with wind power is rapidly developing. The failure of wind turbines brings a greater risk to the safe operation of integrated system. The gas-burning units and P2G devices have fast and flexible power and gas control capabilities, providing an effective way to reduce the operational risk of integrated system. At present, the operation and scheduling of the IENS fails to take into account the risks of the system, and the influences of the control strategies of gas-burning units and P2G devices on the system risk cannot be ignored. The scheduling methods in independent power system are difficult to directly apply to the integrated system. Therefore, based on the operating characteristics of the IENS and the risk of wind turbines failure, a risk indicator of wind turbines failure considering the P2G devices was established. Based on this risk indicator, a multi-objective optimal scheduling model with minimum wind turbines failure risk and minimum coal consumption of coal coal-burning units was established, which is to solve the contradiction between wind turbines risk and cost during the system operation. The example shows that the multi-objective risk scheduling model of this paper can effectively reduce the operational risk of the IENS and improve the capacity of wind power consumption.

Thrust aerostatic bearing with vacuum pre-load (VPL pad) is used in high-precision application. In some cases, performance of bearing not only needs to be optimal, but also needs good stability. In this paper, a parameter called stiffness volatility is defined to represent stability of performance of VPL pad under operating condition. It shows that parameters such as vacuity, area ratio and positive pressure distinctly affect stiffness volatility of VPL pad. There is significant interaction between those effect factors. Through adjusting parameter combination, optimized performance of VPL pad under operating condition is obtained.

Aims: Cardiomyocyte death critically contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiac disorders, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, and cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. As one of the main forms of cardiac cell death, necrosis plays a critical role in heart diseases. Multiple signaling pathways of necrosis have been demonstrated, in which death receptors, receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein 1 and 3 kinases, and cyclophilin-D (CypD) have been deeply implicated. However, the fundamental mechanism underlying myocardial necroptosis, especially the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP)-CypD-dependent death pathway, is poorly understood. Parkin functions as an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that mainly mediates mitophagy cascades. As yet, it is not clear whether Parkin participates in regulating necrosis and myocardial I/R injury. Results: Here, our results showed that Parkin mediated mitophagy and inhibited necrosis under oxidative stress. In further exploring the underlying mechanisms, we found that Parkin suppressed mPTP opening by catalyzing the ubiquitination of CypD in necrotic cascades, which were not involved in Parkin-regulated mitophagy. Parkin inhibited necrosis, reduced myocardial I/R injury, and improved cardiac function. Innovation: Our present work reveals a highlighted connection between the mitochondrial matrix-localized Parkin and the mPTP-CypD-dependent necrotic signaling pathway in cardiac injury. Conclusion: Our results revealed a novel myocardial necrotic regulating model composed of Parkin, CypD, and mPTP, which may provide potential therapeutic targets and strategies to modulate the levels of these molecules.

Vehicle detection in aerial images plays a significant role in civil and military applications and it faces many challenges including the overhead-view perspective, the highly complex background, and the variants of vehicles. This paper presents a robust vehicle detection scheme to overcome these issues. In the detection stage, we propose a novel algorithm to generate oriented proposals that could enclose the vehicle objects properly as rotated rectangles with orientations. To discriminate the object and background in the proposals, we propose a modified vector of locally aggregated descriptors (VLAD) image representation model with a recently proposed image feature, i.e., local steering kernel (LSK) feature. By applying non-maximum suppression (NMS) after classification, we show that each vehicle object is detected with a single-oriented bounding box. Experiments are conducted on aerial images to compare the proposed method with state-of-art methods and evaluate the impact of the components in the model. The results have proven the robustness of the proposed method under various circumstances and the superior performance over other existing vehicle detection approaches.