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Objectives: Intrabony defects are among the most important signs of progression of periodontal disease. Complete tissue regeneration is the ideal goal of periodontal treatment, and regenerative methods aim to achieve this goal. New studies have reported the positive efficacy of chitosan to enhance the recovery of bony defects. This study aimed to clinically and radiographically assess the efficacy of chitosan particles for treatment of intrabony periodontal defects. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 18 intrabony three-wall periodontal defects were randomly divided into three groups (n=6). The control group only received conventional flap surgery with a sulcular incision. In the second group, low molecular weight (100,000-300,000g/mol) chitosan was used in the three-wall intrabony defects during surgery while high molecular weight chitosan particles (600,000-800,000 g/mol) were used in the third group. The probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and radiographic defect depth (RDD) were measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 months later. Repeated measures ANOVA, and McNemar’s test were used for statistical analysis. Results: In both the control (P0.05). No significant difference was noted on radiographs between the groups regarding the regenerated bone density. Conclusion: Chitosan showed no positive efficacy for treatment of three-wall periodontal bone defects.

Gossypiboma is derived from two Latin and Swahili words including gossypium (cotton) and boma [place of concealment] (1). It is a kind of retained foreign body (RFB) following surgery (2). It causes two types of reaction including exudative inflammatory reaction and aseptic fibrotic reaction. The first type causes reaction to the material of sponge and presents as a mass in the body. The second forms an abscess and results in early diagnosis, leading to surgical removal (3).