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Möglichkeiten der Anwendung von Kaltplasma im Bereich der Lebensmittelsicherheit Übersichtsarbeit Kaltplasma ist im Bereich der Hygiene und Lebensmittelverpackungen immer gefragter. Sie ist insbesondere interessant, weil sie ein Trockendesinfizierungsverfahren umfasst, das keine Rückstände in der Umwelt hinterlässt und zugleich die Desinfizierung von Lebensmitteln ohne bedeutende Nebenerscheinungen ermöglicht. Die Behandlung und Verpackung von Lebensmitteln durch Anwendung von Kaltplasma könnte nicht nur eine höhere Lebensmittelsicherheit sondern wahrscheinlich auch eine längere Haltbarkeitsdauer sicherstellen. In Anbetracht der diversen hygienischen Anforderungen von unterschiedlichen Lebensmitteln gibt es verschiedene Herstellungsverfahren von Plasma, was zusätzlich zur praktischen Anwendbarkeit von Kaltplasma beiträgt. Trotz der versprechenden Forschungsergebnisse in Bezug auf Kaltplasma im Bereich der Lebensmittelhygiene, ist es immer noch erforderlich, seine Auswirkungen auf die Qualität und die organoleptischen Parameter von Lebensmitteln zu prüfen.

High economic burden is associated with foodborne illnesses. Different disinfection methods are therefore employed in food processing industry; such as use of ultraviolet light or usage of surfaces with copper-containing alloys. However, all the disinfection methods currently in use have some shortcomings. In this work we show that copper doped TiO2 nanotubes deposited on existing surfaces and illuminated with ceiling mounted fluorescent lights can retard the growth of Listeria Innocua by 80% in seven hours of exposure to the fluorescent lights at different places in a food processing plant or in the laboratory conditions with daily reinocuation and washing. The disinfection properties of the surfaces seem to depend mainly on the temperature difference of the surface and the dew point, where for the maximum effectiveness the difference should be about 3 degrees celsius. The TiO2 nanotubes have a potential to be employed for an economical and continuous disinfection of surfaces.

Lasalocid is a veterinary ionophore antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry. It is excreted from the treated animals mostly in its active form and enters the environment with the use of contaminated manure on agricultural land. To properly assess the risk that lasalocid poses to the environment, it is necessary to know its environmental concentrations as well as the rates of its degradation in manure and dissipation in soil. These values are still largely unknown. A research was undertaken to ascertain the rate of lasalocid degradation in manure under different storage conditions (aging in a pile or composting) and on agricultural soil after using lasalocid-contaminated manure. The results have shown that there is considerable difference in lasalocid degradation between aging manure with no treatment (t1/2=61.8±1.7 d) and composting (t1/2=17.5±0.8 d). Half-lives in soil are much shorter (on average 3.1±0.4 d). On the basis of the measured concentrations of lasalocid in soil after manure application, we can conclude that it can potentially be harmful to soil organisms (PEC/PNEC ratio of 1.18), but only in a worst-case scenario of using the maximum permissible amount of manure and immediately after application. To make certain that no harmful effects occur, composting is recommended.

Intensive poultry farms are frequently the subject of odour complaints and are also known emitters of ammonia. In this paper an experiment is described which compared the effectiveness of two abatement compounds, clinoptilolite and De-Odorase®, when used in broiler production. Two sites were used which had almost identical buildings, each with two rooms, and the same strain of bird. Clinoptilolite was used on one site and De-Odorase® on the other. Once a week ventilation rate, ammonia concentration and odour concentration were measured, to determine the effects of the additives. We also measured temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration to confirm that the control and test rooms had similar micro-climates. In the room treated with clinoptilolite the ammonia concentration was statistically significantly higher than in the control and the total mass of ammonia emitted was 50% greater. In the De-Odorase® experiment the mean ammonia concentration in the treated room in the final week was 38% lower than in the control and the total mass of ammonia emitted from the treated room was 50% lower. There was no statistically significant reduction in the odour concentration or odour emission rate for either of the additives used.