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Resumen: El SARS-CoV-2 se transmite de persona a persona por inhalación o por el contacto con gotas y aerosoles respiratorios. El período de incubación mediano es 5,1 días. Fiebre, tos seca, disnea y fatiga, son los síntomas más comunes. Casi la mitad de los casos son asintomáticos. El espectro de la enfermedad varía desde cuadros leves (81%) a críticos (5%). La edad avanzada, el sexo masculino y las comorbilidades impactan negativamente sobre la gravedad y la mortalidad de la COVID-19. El diagnóstico de la patología aguda se realiza con pruebas de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa (RT-PCR) o de detección antigénica. En pacientes hospitalizados, el remdesivir reduce el tiempo de recuperación. Los corticoides orales se recomiendan en casos graves o críticos que requieren oxigenoterapia o ventilación mecánica. La tromboprofilaxis se sugiere en todos los casos graves y no graves con riesgo trombótico alto. La antibioterapia se limita a pacientes de alta sospecha de sobreinfección bacteriana. Los casos leves-moderados y graves tras el alta hospitalaria deben monitorizarse clínicamente durante un período mínimo de dos semanas Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted from person to person by inhalation or contact with respiratory droplets and aerosols. The median incubation period is 5.1 days. Fever, dry cough, dyspnea and fatigue are the most common symptoms. Almost half of the cases are asymptomatic. The spectrum of disease varies from mild (81%) to critical (5%). Older age, male gender and comorbidities negatively impact on the severity and mortality of COVID-19. The diagnosis of acute COVID-19 is made with RT-PCR or antigenic detection tests. In hospital patients, remdesivir reduces recovery time. Oral steroids are recommended for severe or critical cases requiring oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation. Thromboprophylaxis is recommended in all severe and non-severe cases with high thrombotic risk. Antibiotherapy is limited to cases of high suspicion of bacterial superinfection. Mild-moderate and severe cases after discharge from hospital should be clinically monitored for a minimum period of two weeks

The economic potential of language tourism is manifested in the number of summer courses organised by some countries. Even if learning the language is the main motivation for travelling, the tourists also take into account other characteristics when choosing a destination, such as the location, the safety, the quality of the language or the cultural attractions. The objective of the current study is to analyse the profile of language tourists according to their motivations to study Spanish and their perception of the destination and to examine this profile as a driver of tourists’ expenditures. Specifically, this work analyses a sample of tourists who attended Spanish courses in language schools and academies in the city of Valladolid (Spain). The analysis of their expenditure during the stay reveals that expenditure is affected by visitors’ motivations and perceptions.

Changes in land use related to mining in the north-western mountains of Spain are analysed. We studied 15 representative types of mining activity in the Sil River basin (Leon province), including three types of mineral resources: gravel, roofing slate and coal. We use colour orthopothos of 2014 to calculate areas occupied by dumps, lagoons, open pits, auxiliary construction and access roads in mines. Also areal photographs of 1956–1957 were used to measure land uses in these years. In all cases the extraction of mineral resources by surface mining has caused the destruction of the former topography, and these alterations are irreversible. The new post-mining topography represents a drastic change in the landscape and land use in these areas. Areas occupied by coal and slate mining (around 1500 ha.) are significantly greater than gravel quarries (74 ha.). Waste material is greater in slate mining (69%) and coal mining (44%) than in gravel mining (8%). Former agricultural areas now occupied by mining were more extensive in gravel quarries (44%) than in slate quarries (10%) and coal mines (6%) because of the gentler topography in the areas where the gravel quarries are located. In six cases mining are located in natural protected areas and in other cases alter and/or eliminate valuable geological heritage.

Las infecciones de injertos vasculares y protésicos de etiología fúngica son entidades raras, precisan de alta sospecha diagnóstica y conllevan una elevada mortalidad. Presentamos el caso de paciente de 24 años portadora de tubo de dacron supracoronario que presenta trombosis de dicho injerto por Aspergillus flavus. Aspergillus es un hongo filamentoso cuyo principal medio de transmisión es la inhalación de sus esporas. Presenta predilección por infección de prótesis valvulares izquierdas formando vegetaciones grandes, friables y con alto riesgo embolígeno, entrañando mortalidad de hasta el 80-90%. Como principal complicación destaca la embolización séptica. Difícilmente es detectado en cultivos habituales y tratamiento se basa en terapia antifúngica intensiva y cirugía para desbridamiento. La ETE se trata de una herramienta de gran rendimiento a pie de cama, aunque difícilmente nos orienta el diagnóstico. Debido al reto que supone su diagnóstico, se necesitan mejorar las herramientas diagnósticas de las que disponemos actualmente., Infection of prosthetic vascular grafts of fungal etiology are rare entities, requiring high diagnostic suspicion and carry a high mortality. We present the case of patient with supracoronary dacron graft with thrombosis by Aspergillus flavus. Aspergillus is a filamentous fungus whose primary mode of transmission is via inhalation of spores. It has a predilection for infection of prosthetic left valves, forming large, friable and high risk of embolism vegetations, with a mortality rate of up to 80-90%. Main complication is septic embolization. It is hardly detected in normal blood cultures. The treatment is based on intensive antifungal therapy and surgery. In most cases the definitive diagnosis is through analysis of the surgical specimen. The transesophageal echocardiography is an important tool at the bedside, though hardly orients the diagnosis. Due to challenge their diagnosis, it is needed to improve the diagnostic tools we have now.

Universities are considered part of an innovation ecosystem, and are deemed key actors in creating and processing the knowledge which is to be exploited and commercialized in the market. They have gradually adapted to this new profile and have acquired an active role in transferring research results to the market and in entrepreneurship activities. Pursuing the “third mission” via technology transfer, fostering entrepreneurship, and commercializing cutting-edge research, universities have created university business incubators (UBIs), as an academic tool focusing on the business world. The role of the managers (or the management team) has been emphasized since they usually orchestrate the services offered by the incubator, the incubatees and the network of relationships. Their ability to organize the elements involved in the incubation process and the relational context for incubatees has made managers a key factor in incubation success. Paradoxically, the literature has barely considered the figure of the incubator manager. In this context, this research investigates the role of UBIs managers as drivers of the training and advice given to academic incubatees. Based on the institutional logics approach, the study proposes that the dominant logic, academic versus commercial, determines the degree of emphasis on personal assistance, business assistance and networking training. To test the proposed hypotheses, data were collected from 93 incubation programmes from Spanish and Dutch university incubators through questionnaires addressed to their respective managers. Results indicate that the greater the managers’ experience in the business and entrepreneurial world, the greater the fostering of personal and business assistance and networking activities in the incubator. Managers lacking an entrepreneurial profile weaken incubatee access to other business networks and prove less efficient in business training. This research makes a contribution to the study of university incubators, showing that managers can be involved in different institutional logics, whether they be academic or commercial, and that the dominant logic determines the activities promoted and, consequently, the success of the incubation process. Business and entrepreneurial experience is key to instilling business logic in incubatees, together with the training and assistance they require