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Data center is a cost-effective infrastructure for storing large volumes of data and hosting large-scale service applications. Cloud computing service providers are rapidly deploying data centers across the world with a huge number of servers and switches. These data centers consume significant amounts of energy, contributing to high operational costs. Thus, optimizing the energy consumption of servers and networks in data centers can reduce operational costs. In a data center, power consumption is mainly due to servers, networking devices, and cooling systems, and an effective energy-saving strategy is to consolidate the computation and communication into a smaller number of servers and network devices and then power off as many unneeded servers and network devices as possible.

The research on the association of the Body mass index and Dental caries has indicated inconsistent results in the previous studies. Therefore, the present review intended to re analyse the relationship between Body mass index and Dental caries. The databases used to search were Pubmed, Embase, Journal of the web using the following mesh terms, Body mass index, overweight, underweight, Obesity, DMFT, Tooth decay, child. The other methods were the manual searches of the reference lists of all selected studies, reviews, conference proceedings with complete information. The results were evaluated based on the 3 groups as an association of Dental caries and BMI for Primary teeth, mixed dentition and permanent teeth. The studies should consider the review based on the individual country specific BMI-for-age centiles to reduce the heterogeneities in the results as it causes inconclusive results.

Advancement in Information Communication Technology (ICT) and the Internet of Things (IoT) has to lead tothe continuous generation of a large amount of data. Smart city projects are being implemented in various parts of the world where analysis of public data helps in providing a better quality of life. Data analytics plays a vital role in many such data-driven applications. Real-time analytics for finding valuable insights at the right time using smart city data is crucial in making appropriate decisions for city administration. It is essential to use multiple data sources as input for the analysis to achieve better and more accurate data-driven solutions. It helps in finding more accurate solutions and making appropriate decisions. Public safety is one of the major concerns in any smart city project in which real-time analytics is much useful in the early detection of valuable data patterns. It is crucial to find early predictions of crime-related incidents and generating emergency alerts for making appropriate decisions to provide security to the people and safety of the city infrastructure. This paper discusses the proposed real-time big data analytics framework with data blending approach using multiple data sources for smart city applications. Analytics using multiple data sources for a specific data-driven solution helps in finding more data patterns, which in turn increases the accuracy of analytics results. The data preprocessing phase is a challenging task in data analytics when data being ingested continuously in real-time into the analytics system. The proposed system helps in the preprocessing of real-time data with data blending of multiple data sources used in the analytics. The proposed framework is beneficial when data from multiple sources are ingested in real-time as input data and is also flexible to use any additional data source of interest. The experimental work carried out with the proposed framework using multiple data sources to find the crime-related insights in real-time helps the public safety solutions in the smart city. The experimental outcome shows that there is a significant increase in the number of identified useful data patterns as the number of data sources increases. A real-time based emergency alert system to help the public safety solution is implementedusing a machine learning-based classification algorithm with the proposed framework. The experiment is carried out with different classification algorithms, and the results show that Naive Bayes classification performs better in generating emergency alerts.

Introduction: India recognized as capital for diabetes in world accounts for 69.2 million cases i.e. 8.7% as per the 2015 International Diabetes Federation Data. Despite the availability of efficient medications the mortality and morbidity due to the disease is increasing. Therefore the current study was carried with an aim to identify the barriers of access to care. Objective: To identify the socio-cultural, economic and educational barriers in continuum of treatment among diabetics. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, Mysore. Diabetic patients admitted in the hospital were considered for the study. Results: There was no fear of stigma among the participants. 80% of the patients were dependent either economically or physically on their family members, amongst which only half of them got the required family support. 83% of the participants felt that travel to hospital, stay and other expenses were adding on to their existing financial burden of direct and indirect economic loses. The proportion of people among literates who had good knowledge was higher as compared to illiterate but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Counselling sessions must be provided both in hospital and community based setting to enhance health literacy among diabetics. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Socio-cultural, Health literacy, Economic burden, Counselling.

Road accidents are becoming very common in the country. The impact of road accidents can lead to the loss of many lives and can also damage many body parts. This situation becomes more serious if the riders won't wear the helmet which can be prevented by wearing the helmet and can reduce these impacts. While riding the bike, the government made it a mandatory rule to wear the helmet. Using this rule as a base, a smart helmet system is proposed which helps in providing safety to the riders and prevents accidents. The system mainly consists of Arduino Uno as a processor for processing the data, GSM & GPS modules for tracking the location and sending a message to authorized numbers, a wiper for wiping the raindrops on the helmet screen, a vibration sensor for alerting, in case the rider meets an accident and alcohol sensors as breath analyzer for the rider. The system will ensure a safe journey for riders and gives a helping hand in case of emergency. The cost of installing the whole system onto the helmet is affordable.

After spinal cord injury (SCI), neutrophil elastase (NE) released at injury site disrupts vascular endothelium integrity and stabilization. Angiopoietins (ANGPTs) are vascular growth factors that play an important role in vascular stabilization. We hypothesized that neutrophil elastase is one of the key determinants of vascular endothelium disruption/destabilization and affects angiopoietins expression after spinal cord injury. To test this, tubule formation and angiopoietins expression were assessed in endothelial cells exposed to different concentrations of recombinant neutropil elastase. Then, the expression of angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, and neutrophil elastase was determined at 3 h and at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in a clinically relevant model of moderate compression (35 g for 5 min at T10) spinal cord injury. A dichotomy between the levels of angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 was observed; thus, we utilized a specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor (sivelestat sodium; 30 mg/kg, i.p., b.i.d.) after spinal cord injury. The expression levels of neutropil elastase and angiopoietin-2 increased, and that of angiopoietin-1 decreased after spinal cord injury in rats. The sivelestat regimen, optimized via a pharmacokinetics study, had potent effects on vascular stabilization by upregulating angiopoietin-1 via the AKT pathway and preventing tight junction protein degradation. Moreover, sivelestat attenuated the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines after spinal cord injury and hence subsequently alleviated secondary damage observed as a reduction in glial scar formation and the promotion of blood vessel formation and stabilization. As a result, hindlimb locomotor function significantly recovered in the sivelestat-treated animals as determined by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale and footprint analyses. Furthermore, sivelestat treatment attenuated neuropathic pain as assessed by responses to von Frey filaments after spinal cord injury. Thus, our result suggests that inhibiting neutropil elastase by administration of sivelestat is a promising therapeutic strategy to inhibit glial scar and promote functional recovery by upregulating angiopoietin-1 after spinal cord injury. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40478-018-0576-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

OBJECTIVE: Identify the prevalence and type of specific learning disabilities in students with poor scholastic performance. Screen the students with specific learning disabilities for anemia. DESIGN: Simple Random Sampling method. SETTING: Government and semi-aided schools in the city of Mysore. DURATION OF STUDY: 4 months from August 2010 to November 2010. PARTICIPANTS: Students who satisfy the criteria for poor scholastic performance, which is, scoring less than 45% marks or equivalent grades for the past 2years or more aged between 812 yrs. METHODS: Students were administered NIMHANS Index for Specific Learning Disability (SpLD). RESULTS: On physical examination to check signs of anemia it was found that pallor was present in 33 out of 41 subjects (80.5%) and the percentage of girls and boys having pallor is almost the same. On assessing learning parameters it is found that in performance of the normal subjects, number of mistakes, omissions and correct cancellations increased as the standard of the subject increased. In reading, out of all the subjects only 2 had learning disability and 4 had learning difficulty. 24 subjects had learning difficulty in mathematics and 2 students had learning disability in mathematics. All subjects except 2 had adequate auditory memory. Most subjects have a learning difficulty in mathematics. 22 subjects were having a specific learning difficulty and 2 subjects specific learning disability. Subjects were having moderate anemia. CONCLUSION: Specific learning disability and micronutrient deficiency screening should be done in children with poor scholastic performance. Timely treatment and support mechanisms should be provided for these children.

OBJECTIVES: To get an insight into: 1. Perceived health needs and demands of positive mothers. 2. Constraints and barriers in accessing health services. 3. Impact of positive status on social and economic entitlements.4. Role of positive network in educating and empowering mothers. METHODOLOGY: Type of study; Qualitative research using focus group discussions (FGD). Study Setting; “AnandaJoythi Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS®”A positive network at Mysore. Period of study; SeptemberOctober, 2008. Study participants: positive mothers from in and around Mysore city attending AnandaJoythi Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS. Inclusion Criteria; Mother of at least one child irrespective of: Her age. Duration of the positive status/ stage of disease. Age of the child-live/dead. On ART or not. And were willing to participate in the study. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Those not willing to participate in the study. RESULTS: Health Needs and Demands: The positive women felt the need for regular screening tests for side effects of ART free of cost, nutrition supplementation programmes, more health centres and health education. Barriers to treatment: Poverty is the main barrier to accessing treatment. This is the amount of money required by clients for the government health services before being put on the ART programme and individuals have to pay for a CD4 count, a full hemogram and a liver function test. Poverty also means that people experience difficulty in paying for transport to get to services, especially when travelling from rural areas where distances to the nearest clinic or hospital are further and infrastructure poorer. Social and economic impact of positive status: It becomes difficult to look after their children when they are thrown out of their house. Even though they are mentally harassed by their family members they find it difficult to come out of their house because of their children are too young and need a family support. They face discrimination in getting admission to schools for their children because of their positive status (especially when thrown out of the school).They find it difficult to get their daughters married as the bride groom may reject her after coming to know that her parents are HIV positives, even though she is negative. Positive network and mothers: The positive women find this network as a source of confidence, information and education regarding their rights, duties and the disease itself. By becoming members of this network they have rediscovered themselves and have developed a positive outlook towards life.

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) leads to high morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries. CKD as a complication of non-communicable diseases and as itself leads to huge economic burden to the individual and nation. Screening is the only measure to prevent or delay in progress of early CKD. Hence this study was undertaken in urban slum area of Mysuru with the objectives to estimate the prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) using estimated-Glomerular filtration rate and Urinary abnormalities in people residing in urban slum area of Mysuru and to find out the factors influencing Chronic Kidney Disease Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban slum, Mysuru. A total of 828 adults above 18yrs, consenting to participate were included in the study. A semi-structured proforma was used to collect data by interview technique. Serum creatinine was used to calculate eGFR. Urine analysis was done using dipsticks. Results: The prevalence of CKD of Stage 3 and above (using CKDEPI equation) was found to be 6.8% and proteinuria of 3.5%. Risk factors identified were age, gender, obesity, hypertension, smoking, alcohol and indigenous medicine usage. Conclusion: Screening for CKD at PHC level with tests like S. Creatinine estimation (hence eGFR calculation) and urine dipstick analysis along with information on age, gender, blood pressure, smoking status and presence or absence of diabetes mellitus can help in implementing preventive measures at grassroot level.

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires continuous medical care and patient self-management education. For diabetic patients, hypoglycemia is a fact of life. Hypoglycemia is one of the most common acute complications in adolescents with diabetes in both type1 and type 2. Approximately 90% of all patients who receive insulin have experienced hypoglycemic episodes. Poor awareness among diabetics on hypoglycemic symptoms may lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Aims and Objectives: To study the awareness about symptoms, precipitating factors, and prevention of hypoglycemia among patients on insulin therapy. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in a government tertiary care hospital. The study was conducted among diabetic patients who were on insulin therapy for at least 1 year. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used. The calculated sample size was 100. Results: Nearly 68.6% of the patients had faced at least one hypoglycemic attack. 65% were aware of at least three symptoms of hypoglycemia, but awareness was only 46% among illiterates compared to 86% of literates. 32% were unaware about the precipitating factors whereas 17% of the participants felt that the attacks were caused due to the wrong dosage therefore skipping medication or self-adjustment of dosage was mention as a preventing factor by them. Conclusion: Awareness of hypoglycemia was found to be average among participants. Diabetics on insulin therapy are more prone for hypoglycemia. Therefore knowing the awareness levels and perceptions is important. It may help to plan the necessary objectives of health education sessions among target population.

In Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs), the Zig bee protocol/IEEE 802.15.4 standard is a protocol specification for low range, less cost and low power systems. The Zig bee network is usually constructed using cluster trees for the purpose of performing data delivery among nodes and for power saving. Here the data delivery failures occur due to node mobility. In order to handle node movements so as to increase data delivery we use mobility-robust tree construction technique with clustering mechanism. In this paper we propose an E-MRZT (Extended MRZT) algorithm. We collect information about regularity of mobility patterns and by using this history, perform data delivery. We employ a clustering mechanism in our network to obtain a set of cluster trees; each with a specific mobility pattern. The entire setup is developed and simulated by using NS2 network simulator. The result is that we obtain mobility-robust tree with a considerable increase in data delivery.

The procedure of converting a sampled image from any coordinate structure to other structure is called Image Resampling. When forgeries are introduced in digital images, generally the operations like rotation, resizing, skewing etc., are included to make it relational with respect to adjacent original area. So there is a recognizable loss in the quality of the image and it will become an important signature of manipulated images. Hence resampling is the default interpretation present in most of the tamped image. Resampling detection is an attractive standard tool in digital image forensics. Generally resampling objects are not visible to human eye in an altered images but periodic relationships get familiarized in image pixels. Because of it the changes is going to happen in certain characteristics of the image and it is going leaving behind periodical artifacts which are used as fingerprints for the forensics. These periodic interpolation objects present in the intensities of pixels or other format of data illustration such as DFT, wavelet are the structures which detectors look for in order to decide whether an image, or a part of an image, has endured a geometrical transformation. This serves as an evidence of manipulation or tampering. This paper gives comparative study of different resampling techniques like Cubic Splines, Nearest Neighbor, Cubic convolution and Linear Interpolation, which can be used as detectors for an altered image containing resample portions

The article proposes the construction of a prefabricated monolithic reinforced concrete overlap consisting of beams hollow triangular section. It is shown that in such overlap the effect of spatial work is much higher than the analogous effect in traditional overlap that consists of U-shaped or T-beams and slabs. The technique of determining the forces of interaction of individual beams in the composition of the overlap is given. The technique is based on a discrete-continual method developed by the author, which is adapted to the calculation of overlaps that consist of considered beams. The technique of determining the effort between the shelf and the ribs of a beam during its bending is presented. It is based on the theory of compound rods. The algorithm of calculation taking into account the spatial work is presented as well as the principles of constructing overlaps consisting of beams hollow triangular section, taking into account the change in their rigidity as a result of cracks formation. An approach to the determination of the rigidity of beams with normal torsion fractures is given, based on the approximation of numerical experimental data.

The objective is to study a patient with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). The patient, a 70-year-old woman with a history spanning over 1 month, with acute onset, progressive abnormal behavior, and cognitive decline with generalized asymmetrical myoclonic jerking, startle phenomenon, and cortical blindness, was referred to the hospital. On observation of clinical symptoms, metabolic and hematological investigations, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), and EEG (electroencephalogram) were done. The clinical symptoms, MRI, and diagnostic EEG were suggestive of sporadic CJD. Other metabolic encephalopathies were ruled out. With sodium valproate and clonezepam, her myoclonic jerks improved slightly. As CJD is an incurable disease, no definitive treatment could be given.

Background/Aim: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an esterase, exclusively synthesized by liver. The present study has two objectives: to determine the PON1 activity status in various disorders associated with hepatocellular damage and to correlate the changes of PON1 activity with the standard liver function and fasting lipid profile tests in these disorders. Patients and Methods: The study groups consisted of 95 patients with liver diseases including acute viral hepatitis (14), cirrhosis with portal hypertension (33), leptospirosis (14), sepsis and multi organ failure (15), left ventricular failure (9), and falciparum malaria (10); and 53 healthy controls. Serum PON1 activity was measured manually using spectrophotometer. Liver function test parameters and fasting lipid profile were performed in clinical chemistry auto analyzer (Hitachi 912). Results: The serum PON1 activity in patients with acute viral hepatitis and sepsis decreased significantly ( P0

The existence of oxidative stress and the higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases in association with uremia is well proved. The uremic status of serum copper, ceruloplasmin (CP), protein thiols, malonyldialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels was studied. The study was carried out on 51 chronic renal failure (CRF) patients who were not on hemodialysis therapy and on 42 healthy controls. Serum urea, creatinine, and MDA levels were found to be significantly increased (P < 0.001), and total protein, albumin, protein thiols, and copper levels were found to be significantly decreased in CRF patients compared to normal controls (P < 0.001). Ceruloplasmin levels were decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and there was no significant change in serum GST levels in CRF patients compared to normal controls. In conclusion, the significant increase in levels of MDA, and the decrease in levels of protein thiols, CP, and copper in uremia patients when compared to controls, reconfirms the presence of stress in this patient population. In view of the changes in other markers of oxidative stress, this absence of any significant change in the activity of GST in uremia patients compared to controls, warrants further study.