1. Proliferation to Apoptosis Tumor Cell Ratio as a Biomarker to Improve Clinical Management of Pre-Malignant and Symptomatic Plasma Cell Neoplasms
- Author
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Mercedes Berenguer, José A. Campillo, Valentin Cabañas, Adela Periago, María F Soto-Ramírez, Alfredo Minguela, Lourdes Gimeno, María C García-Garay, Manuel Muro, María D. Martínez-Hernández, and María A Vasco-Mogorrón
- Subjects
Male ,Biopsy ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,Gastroenterology ,lcsh:Chemistry ,0302 clinical medicine ,Standard Risk ,Bone Marrow ,Risk Factors ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Gammopathy ,Medicine ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Spectroscopy ,Multiple myeloma ,treatment ,apoptosis ,General Medicine ,Plasma cell neoplasm ,Prognosis ,plasma cell neoplasm ,SMM ,Computer Science Applications ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,MGUS ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Female ,Symptom Assessment ,medicine.medical_specialty ,proliferation ,Tumor cells ,Catalysis ,Pre malignant ,Article ,Inorganic Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,Neoplasms, Plasma Cell ,Aged ,Cell Proliferation ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,medicine.disease ,MM ,ROC Curve ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Apoptosis ,business ,Precancerous Conditions ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Proliferation and apoptosis of neoplastic cells are prognostic biomarkers in plasma cell neoplasms (PCNs). The prognostic capacity of proliferation to apoptosis ratio (Ratio-PA) in the era of immunomodulatory treatments is re-evaluated in 316 gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), 57 smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), and 266 multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Ratio-PA of 0.77 ± 0.12, 1.94 ± 0.52, and 11.2 ± 0.7 (p <, 0.0001) were observed in MGUS, SMM, and MM patients. Ten-year overall survival (10y-OS) rates for patients with low/high Ratio-PA were 93.5%/77.3% p <, 0.0001) for MGUS, 82.5%/64.7% (p <, 0.05) for SMM, and 62.3%/47.0% (p <, 0.05) for MM. For patients with low, intermediate, and high risk, 10y-OS for low/high Ratio-PA were 95.5%/72.9% (p <, 0.0001), 74.2%/50.4% (p <, 0.0001), and 35.3%/20.0% (p = 0.836), respectively. Ratio-PA was an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR = 2.119, p <, 0.0001, Harrell-C-statistic = 0.7440 ± 0.0194) when co-analyzed with sex, age, and standard risk. In patients with Ratio-PAhigh, only first-line therapy with VRd/VTd, but not PAD/VCD, coupled with ASCT was associated with high 10y-OS (82.7%). Tumor cell Ratio-PA estimated at diagnosis offers a prognostic biomarker that complements standard risk stratification and helps to guide the clinical management of pre-malignant and symptomatic PCNs. Every effort should be made to provide first-line therapies including VTd or VRd associated with ASCT to patients with Ratio-PAhigh at higher risk of progression and death.
- Published
- 2021