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Objectives:To identify the risk factors of neonatal sepsisduring the period from January 2017 to December 2019. Methods:A cross-sectional, retrospective study, observational, descriptive; the record of 106 newborns diagnosed with sepsis were reviewed. We excluded 15 were included in the data collection, diagnosis of early and late neonatal sepsis, maternal age, number of gestation, prenatal care, premature birth, diagnosis of UTI diagnosis of chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membrane (s RPM ), sex product, invasive procedures, product weight and route of obtaining the product. Results:Of the 1401 patients obtained alive, 191 obtained diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and an incidence of 6.49% of early neonatal sepsis was obtained. The main risk factor associated with early neonatal sepsis has been the way of obtaining caesarean with 52.74%, the low birth weight with 32.96% and multiparity an incidence of 34.06% and there were no significant differences between sexes as the man / femalerelationship was 1.02.However if a significant importance in the delivery / caesarean relationship was obtained0.89. There was only one death recorded. Conclusions:The main risk factors associated with early neonatal sepsis are obtained via caesarean section, low birth weight and multiparity, male sex was the most affected but with no significant differences, the IVU, PROM, maternal age less to 18 years and the lack of prenatal care they had similar incidence. Only one late neonatal sepsis and death was obtained. I do not chorioamnionitis data was obtained.

The benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a (noncancerous) malignant growth in the size of the prostate. This enlargement of the prostate gland is produced by a relative increase in estrogen (female hormones) on testosterone (male hormone), which appears in men with age. Objective:To determine the relationship of PSA, with the size of the prostate in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia admitted to General Hospital of Escarcega, Campeche Dr. Janel Aguilar during the period from August 2019 to January 2020. Method:patients were studied with the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia 50 years of age and older and excluded those who had other diseases that may alter prostate specific antigen, subsequently classified by age determined through PSA ultrasound prostate-specific and the average size of the prostate in grams and the average PSA for each age range and the relationship between them, while describes how it affects their self-esteem was determined. Results:Of the patients studied, 22 belong to the range of 50 to 59 years old (51.16%), 14 to range from 60 to 69 years old (32.55%) and 7 to range from 70 to 79 years old ( 16.27%). 44.1% of patients presented a prostate of 50 grams, the 51.16% prostates 60 grams and 4.6% a prostate gland of 70 grams. The average size of the prostate in grams was 50 grams in the range 50 to 59 years old, 60 g in the range 60 to 69 years old and 60 grams in the range of 70 to 79 years, and the average value of PSA was 5.5 ng / ml, 6 ng / ml and 7.5 ng / ml respectively. In the range 50 to 59 years of age every gram prostate equivalent to 0.11 ng / ml of PSA in the range 60 to 69 years of age every gram prostate equivalent to 0.1 ng / ml of PSA and the range 70 to 79 years old every gram of prostate equivalent to 0.125 ng / ml of PSA. Similarly we find that the entire population 72% have low self-esteem and problems with its image. Conclusions:In our environment in the group of 50-59 years old is the highest number of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Side-Channel Analysis has become a relevant tool to analyze a cryptographic device. Here, an adversary looks for information leakage from emanation sources such as power consumption, thus obtaining sensitive information with a lower effort than the mathematical approach. In this manuscript, a distinguisher based on the Mahalanobis distance is applied. Instead of computing an inverse covariance matrix because of lack-sampling problems with tested datasets, a shrinkage calculation is implemented, thus obtaining efficient Mahalanobis distance implementations. The current approach is evaluated using different standardized tests such as stability and success probability, which are computed using unmasked public traces obtained from the Advanced Encryption Standard’s typical implementations with a 128-bit key. We show that this technique’s efficiency is better than Pearson correlation using few traces in terms of probability detection.

This study shows the agile management of a project using the Scrum methodology. The main objective is to analyze the use of Scrum for life, specifically in scientific production when writing a Paper. The results obtained recognize that the common practices of the agile approach such as revision and retrospective allow that the writing of the article can be improved throughout its development and that the collaboration between the participants is efficient and effective. Likewise, a consistent and effective alternative is provided to the scientific community for the administration in the development of scientific products.

This article displays the use of business intelligence as a technology for data analysis in the educational context. An applied investigation of the architecture of a business intelligence (BI) solution for tracking academic credits is carried out. The integration of different technologies such as Microsoft SQL Server 2019, Visual Studio 2019 (Integration Services) and Microsoft Excel 2016 (Power Pivot) allow the implementation of the case study. The benefits of the proposal are innumerable, since it can be easily adapted to the characteristics of the requirements for the analysis in each particular situation. Also, it can be mentioned in the use of indicators for data analysis such as academic advising, tutoring, scholarships, social service and professional practices, graduates, graduates, academic achievement, dropouts, income, among many others. With this, a broad line of investigation of business intelligence in the educational context with the application of emerging technologies for data analysis is envisioned.

Wireless Sensor Networks constitute an important part of the Internet of Things, and in a similar way to other wireless technologies, seek competitiveness concerning savings in energy consumption and information availability. These devices (sensors) are typically battery operated and distributed throughout a scenario of particular interest. However, they are prone to interference attacks which we know as jamming. The detection of anomalous behavior in the network is a subject of study where the routing protocol and the nodes increase power consumption, which is detrimental to the network’s performance. In this work, a simple jamming detection algorithm is proposed based on an exhaustive study of performance metrics related to the routing protocol and a significant impact on node energy. With this approach, the proposed algorithm detects areas of affected nodes with minimal energy expenditure. Detection is evaluated for four known cluster-based protocols: PEGASIS, TEEN, LEACH, and HPAR. The experiments analyze the protocols’ performance through the metrics chosen for a jamming detection algorithm. Finally, we conducted real experimentation with the best performing wireless protocols currently used, such as Zigbee and LoRa.

Penelitian tentang Rancangan Atraksi Ekowisata di Kawasan Pesisir Desa Tateli Dua dilakukan melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam Penanaman Mangrove di Kawasan Pesisir Desa Tateli Dua, Kec. Mandolang, Kab. Minahasa. Penelitian bertujuan untuk 1) Membantu masyarakat untuk keberlanjutan dalam mengembangkan Kawasan Ekowisata Mangrove di Desa Tateli Dua yang didukung oleh mahasiswa EBL, Politeknik Negeri Manado; 2) Meningkatkan pelestarian lingkungan pesisir yang ada di Desa Tateli Dua sekaligus mendisain atrkasi ekowisata mangrove; 3) Meningkatkan kompetensi masyarakat bersama mahasiswa dalam memanfaatkan lingkungan hidup berbasis ekowisata mangrove. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode demonstrasi yaitu memperagakan suatu proses atau kegiatan melalui peragaan terlebih dahulu dan melalui tahapan-tahapan yaitu tahapan persiapan, tahapan pelaksanaan dan tahapan akhir demonstrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Masyarakat lokal Desa Tateli Dua memiliki pengetahuan lokal tentang daerah mereka sendiri sebagai kawasan pesisir yang cocok ditanami mangrove untuk pengembangan ekowisata mangrove sekaligus berada dalam kawasan kampus EBL, Politeknik Negeri Manado; 2) Dengan melibatkan masyarakat lokal dapat dikembangkan pembentukan kelompok kader konservasi yang terus akan didampingi oleh tim pengusul agar mereka dapat melakukan pengembangan atraksi ekowisata mangrove di daerahnya sendiri secara berkelanjutan; 3) Kontribusi mitra yaitu masyarakat pesisir telah memperkuat proses keberlanjutan atraksi yang dikembangkan karena masyarakat lokal lebih mengetahui daerah sendiri serta mempunyai rasa memilki (sense of belonging) yang tinggi.

This article presents the study of the concept of “sustainable” integrated into the quality model in use of the ISO / IEC 25010 Standard. The model is redefined and applied in a case study to evaluate the characteristics related to the use of Institutional Web Portals. Similarly, the definition and use of automated tools to perform the analysis and evaluation of the ISO / IEC 25010 sustainable use quality model is considered.

Introducción: Los residuos peligrosos biológicos e infecciosos (RPBI) que se generan en las instituciones de educación superior provenientes de las actividades de docencia, investigación y de servicios del área de la salud deben ser gestionados para su adecuado manejo y control a través de los planes institucionales; estos deben contemplar en su planeación y ejecución el conocimiento de la población estudiantil y del público que se atiende para ser eficaces y apegados a la problemática real. Objetivo: Evaluar el conocimiento para el manejo de los RPBI por parte de docentes y estudiantes de una escuela de química de nivel superior, según lo establecido en la legislación vigente de esa casa de estudios. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal y alcance descriptivo. Se aplicó un cuestionario validado a dos poblaciones: 1) los laboratoristas encargados de los laboratorios de docencia y servicios y 2) los estudiantes de la licenciatura en Química. En total participaron 92 personas. Resultados: 85.70 % de los laboratoristas y 40.44 % de los estudiantes encuestados tienen conocimiento de la clasificación y envasado de los RPBI. Conclusiones: El conocimiento del contenido de la norma NOM-087-SEMARNAT-SSA1-2002 en los participantes indica que es necesario instruir a los estudiantes sobre el contenido y aplicación de la norma para un adecuado manejo de los RPBI.

Employing software engineering to build an integrated, standardized, and scalable solution is closely associated with the healthcare domain. Furthermore, new diagnostic techniques have been developed to obtain better results in less time, saving costs, and bringing services closer to the most unprotected areas. This paper presents the integration of a top-notch component, such as hardware, software, telecommunications, and medical equipment, to produce a complete system of Electronic Health Record (EHR). The EHR implementation aims to contribute to the expansion of the health services offer concerning people who live in locations where typically have difficult access to medical care. The methodology throughout the work is a Strategic Planning to set priorities, focus energy and resources, strengthen operations, ensure that directors, managers, employees, and other stakeholders are working toward common goals, establish agreement around intended outcomes/results. A medical and technical team is incorporated to complete the tasks of process and requirements analysis, software coding and design, technical support, training, and coaching for EHR system users throughout the implementation process. The adoption of those tools reflect notably some expected results and benefits on patient care. The EHR implementation ensures that information collection does not duplicate already existing information or duplicate effort and maximize the practical use of the data collected. Moreover, the EHR reduces mistakes in hospital readmissions, improves paperwork, promotes the progress of the state’s health care system providing emergency, specialty, and primary health care in a rural area of Campeche. The EHR implementation is critical to support decision making and to promote public health. The total number of consults increased markedly from 2012 (14021) to 2019 (34751). The most commonly treated diseases in this region of Mexico are hypertension (17632) and diabetes (13156). The best results are obtained in the Nutrition (20,61%) and clinical psychology services (16,67%), and the worst levels are registered in pediatric and surgical oncology services where only 1,59% and 1,97% of the patients are admitted in less than 30 min, respectively.

In this study, a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) energy model is proposed by defining the energy consumption at each node. Such a model calculates the energy at each node by estimating the energy of the main functions developed at sensing and transmitting data when running the routing protocol. These functions are related to wireless communications and measured and compared to the most relevant impact on an energy standpoint and performance metrics. The energy model is validated using a Texas Instruments CC2530 system-on-chip (SoC), as a proof-of-concept. The proposed energy model is then used to calculate the energy consumption of a Multi-Parent Hierarchical (MPH) routing protocol and five widely known network sensors routing protocols: Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), ZigBee Tree Routing (ZTR), Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), and Power Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS). Experimental test-bed simulations were performed on a random layout topology with two collector nodes. Each node was running under different wireless technologies: Zigbee, Bluetooth Low Energy, and LoRa by WiFi. The objective of this work is to analyze the performance of the proposed energy model in routing protocols of diverse nature: reactive, proactive, hybrid and energy-aware. Experimental results show that the MPH routing protocol consumes 16%, 13%, and 5% less energy when compared to AODV, DSR, and ZTR, respectively; and it presents only 2% and 3% of greater energy consumption with respect to the energy-aware PEGASIS and LEACH protocols, respectively. The proposed model achieves a 97% accuracy compared to the actual performance of a network. Tests are performed to analyze the consumption of the main tasks of a node in a network.

The servitization of network resources leads to new challenges for optical networks. For instance, to provide on-demand lightpaths as a service while keeping the probability of packet loss (PPL) low, issues such as lightpath setting up, resource reservation and load balancing must be addressed. We present a self-adaptive framework to process lightpath requests on packet switching optical networks that considers and handles the aforementioned issues. The framework is composed of a dimensioning phase that adds up new resources to an initial topology and a learning phase based on reinforcement learning that provides self-adaptation to tolerate traffic changes. The framework is tested on three realistic mesh topologies achieving a PPL between $$1 \times 10^{-1}$$ and $$1 \times 10^{-6}$$ for different traffic loads. Compared to fixed multi-path routing strategies, our framework reduces PPL between $$19\%$$ and up to $$80\%$$ . Furthermore, no packet loss can also be achieved for traffic loads equal to or lower than 0.4.

Man has used solar energy to dry perishable products for many years, managing to preserve a wide variety of foods naturally; drying is a method that highly respects the food's properties and nutritional content. The consumption of medicinal and aromatic herbs in Mexico is traditional and widespread. In this work, an analysis of an indirect solar dryer's thermal behavior was carried out with the coupling of solar technologies (water heaters and air collectors and photovoltaic pumping as an aid to the generation of hot air) comparing with electric oven drying in Campeche, Campeche, Mexico. The experimental results showed that the indirect tunnel type dryer that works with evacuated tubes and solar air heater simultaneously is the most efficient technology, with average drying times of 300 min and final humidity of 9.6%. A study of colorimetry, water activity, and drying speed was carried out to control the drying process. It was found that it is possible to use solar energy to dry food as a means of conservation in warm-humid climates, also obtaining significant energy savings and contributing to caring for the environment.

In some scenarios, the cryptographic primitives should support more than one functionality. Authenticated Encryption/Verified Decryption (AEVD) combines encryption and authentication at the same time, which is useful in communication protocols (DNS, IPSEC, etc.). Nevertheless, authenticated encryption needs some optimizations to ensure fast performance. One solution could be the use of the Galois Counter Mode (GCM) scheme. To reach fast performances, this work broadens some GCM models described in Chakraborty etźal.'s D. Chakraborty, C. Mancillas Lopez, F. Rodriguez Henriquez, P. Sarkar, Efficient hardware implementations of BRW polynomials and tweakable enciphering schemes, Comput IEEE Trans 62 (2) (2013) 279-294, doi:10.1109/TC.2011.227 work with two changes. The first one is focused on speeding-up the polynomial multiplier necessary to perform the authentication process. That polynomial multiplier is extended for supporting four stages, based on the well-known Karatsuba-Ofman algorithm. The second one is the modification of two known block ciphers such as Camellia-128 and SMS4 with the GCM scheme. The constructed GCM is able to support variable-length messages greater than 512 bits. The throughput of the polynomial multiplier is greater than 28 Gbps for all the tested platforms. The independent block ciphers in encryption-only mode reach a throughput greater than 28 Gbps, and for all the GCM cases reported in this manuscript the throughput is greater than 9.5 Gbps.

This study aims to determine the characteristics of smallholder farmers in Tolok Village, Tompaso District. The study was conducted in August to September 2019. The selection of samples in this study was carried out purposevley with 33 respondent farmers, namely those who have small size of land of less than 0.5 hectares. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data collected through interviews and observations. Secondary data were obtained from the Tolok Village office, library and the Internet. Data analysis uses description analysis, which describes the characteristics of smallholder farmers and is presented in tabular form. The results showed that farmers who have small size of land with low income and are unable to rely solely on the agricultural sector as a source of income. The non-agricultural sector is also used as a source of additional income to meet their needs.*eprm*

Tourism in North Sulawesi Province continues to grow and is one of the international tourist destinations. Development of a tourism online architectural design application model in addition to easy access to information seekers regarding tourism in North Sulawesi Province, as well as the development of a system so that operators can enter current tourism data online but still be controlled. Online architecture design aims to support the implementation of applications so that the system can run optimally and efficiently in recording, processing and presenting tourism information. This research is a continuation of the previous research, namely tourism object software in North Sulawesi Province that uses the waterfall system development method. Data retrieval uses observation, interviews and documents. Data is collected, analyzed, then modeled. The results of this study are designing activity diagrams and network architectures for tourism object software. In the future the results of this study can be implemented to support the world of tourism in North Sulawesi Province..

This study aims to identify the source of household income of clove farmers in Tulap Village, Kombi Sub-district, of Minahasa Regency. This study was conducted from February to March 2018. The data collection method used were primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained directly from the source through a survey by using questionnaires as the main instrument to collect data to clove farmers who also plant other crops such as peanuts, corn, and caberawit. The secondary data includ data published by the Central Bureau of Statistics as well as various literature related to the research topic. The results showed that the source of income of clove farmer household in Tulap Village, Kombi Sub-district, consisted of clove farming, other farming business, and those outside of farming business. The income pources outside farming were divided into farmers' and household members of farmers income. The highest income of clove farmers was obtained by the farmers' households, which meet the four sources of income, namely from clove farming, other farming, non-farm income and family members income with an average of Rp. 113,476,641 per year with a percentage of 15.22%. This proves if clove farmers have other farming businesses, have jobs outside the farm business, and household members have jobs and contribute to household income, the household will be more prosperous.*Ghmk*.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos La medicina cardiovascular actual esta dirigida a la busqueda de marcadores de riesgo genetico con valor predictivo y/o pronostico. Entre las variantes de interes se encuentran los polimorfismos G894T en el gen oxido nitrico sintasa endotelial y G1958A en el gen metilentetrahidrofolato deshidrogenasa 1. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la posible asociacion entre estos polimorfismos y la cardiopatia isquemica (CI) en el sureste de Mexico (Yucatan). Metodos Estudio de casos y controles con pareamiento por edad, sexo y lugar de nacimiento. Se estudiaron 98 pacientes con CI y 101 controles. Todos los participantes fueron evaluados para los factores de riesgo tradicionales. Los polimorfismos se identificaron utilizando la reaccion en cadena de la polimerasa mediante analisis de la longitud de los fragmentos de restriccion. Se obtuvo el consentimiento informado de todos los participantes. Resultados Los polimorfismos G894T y G1958A no mostraron asociacion con la CI. Sin embargo, la estratificacion segun la manifestacion clinica mostro que el genotipo TT (G894T) se asocio con la angina (OR = 10,2; IC 95%, 1,51-68,8; p = 0,025). Se observo mayor frecuencia del genotipo GT en los pacientes con historia familiar de enfermedad coronaria. El analisis de regresion logistica identifico al tabaquismo (OR = 5,21; IC 95%, 2,1-12,9; p = 0,000), la hipertension arterial (OR = 3,54; IC 95%, 1,47-8,56; p = 0,005) y la obesidad (OR = 1,16; IC 95%, 1,1-1,27; p = 0,001) como factores predictores de CI. Conclusiones Los polimorfismos G894T y G1958A no mostraron asociacion con la CI. Sin embargo, la homocigosis del alelo 894T (NOS3) confiere riesgo para el desarrollo de angina en Yucatan.

In this work, we compare a recently proposed routing protocol, the multi-parent hierarchical (MPH) protocol, with two well-known protocols, the ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) and dynamic source routing (DSR). For this purpose, we have developed a simulator, which faithfully reifies the workings of a given protocol, considering a fixed, reconfigurable ad hoc network given by the number and location of participants, and general network conditions. We consider a scenario that can be found in a large number of wireless sensor network applications, a single sink node that collects all of the information generated by the sensors. The metrics used to compare the protocols were the number of packet retransmissions, carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) inner loop retries, the number of nodes answering the queries from the coordinator (sink) node and the energy consumption. We tested the network under ordinary (without attacks) conditions (and combinations thereof) and when it is subject to different types of jamming attacks (in particular, random and reactive jamming attacks), considering several positions for the jammer. Our results report that MPH has a greater ability to tolerate such attacks than DSR and AODV, since it minimizes and encapsulates the network segment under attack. The self-configuring capabilities of MPH derived from a combination of a proactive routes update, on a periodic-time basis, and a reactive behavior provide higher resilience while offering a better performance (overhead and energy consumption) than AODV and DSR, as shown in our simulation results.

Wireless Sensor Networks deliver valuable information for long periods, then it is desirable to have optimum performance, reduced delays, low overhead, and reliable delivery of information. In this work, proposed metrics that influence energy consumption are used for a performance comparison among our proposed routing protocol, called Multi-Parent Hierarchical (MPH), the well-known protocols for sensor networks, Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Zigbee Tree Routing (ZTR), all of them working with the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC layer. Results show how some communication metrics affect performance, throughput, reliability and energy consumption. It can be concluded that MPH is an efficient protocol since it reaches the best performance against the other three protocols under evaluation, such as 19.3% reduction of packet retransmissions, 26.9% decrease of overhead, and 41.2% improvement on the capacity of the protocol for recovering the topology from failures with respect to AODV protocol. We implemented and tested MPH in a real network of 99 nodes during ten days and analyzed parameters as number of hops, connectivity and delay, in order to validate our Sensors 2014, 14 22812 simulator and obtain reliable results. Moreover, an energy model of CC2530 chip is proposed and used for simulations of the four aforementioned protocols, showing that MPH has 15.9% reduction of energy consumption with respect to AODV, 13.7% versus DSR, and 5% against ZTR.

In this work, we present the design of a mitigation scheme for jamming attacks integrated to the routing protocols MPH, AODV, and DSR. The resulting protocols are named MPH-M (Multi-Parent Hierarchical - Modified), AODV-M (Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector - Modified), and DSR-M (Dynamic Source Routing - Modified). For the mitigation algorithm, if the detection algorithm running locally in each node produces a positive result then the node is isolated; second, the routing protocol adapts their paths avoiding the isolated nodes. We evaluated how jamming attacks affect different metrics for all these modified protocols. The metrics we employ to detect jamming attack are number of packet retransmissions, number of CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) retries while waiting for an idle channel and the energy wasted by the node. The metrics to evaluate the performance of the modified routing protocols are the throughput and resilience of the system and the energy used by the nodes. We evaluated all the modified protocols when the attacker position was set near, middle and far of the collector node. The results of our evaluation show that performance for MPH-M is much better than AODV-M and DSR-M. For example, the node energy for MPH-M is 138.13% better than AODV-M and 126.07% better than DSR-M. Moreover, we also find that MPH-M benefits much more of the mitigation scheme than AODV-M and DSR-M. For example, the node energy consumption is 34.61% lower for MPH-M and only 3.92% and 3.42% for AODV-M and DSR-M, respectively. On throughput, the MPH protocol presents a packet reception efficiency at the collector node of 16.4% on to AODV and DSR when there is no mitigation mechanism. Moreover, MPH-M has an efficiency greater than 7.7% with respect to AODV-M and DSR-M when there is a mitigation scheme. In addition, we have that with the mitigation mechanism AODV-M and DSR-M do not present noticeable modification. However, MPH-M improves its efficiency by 8.4%. We also measure the resilience of these algorithms from the average packet re-transmissions perspective, and we find that MPH-M has around a 15% lower change rate than AODV-M and DSR-M. The MPH-M recovery time is 5 s faster than AODV-M and 2 s faster than DSR-M.

The study aimed to assess factors - supporting and inhibiting factors in Agribusiness Strawberries. This research was conducted in the Village Rurukan and Rurukan One, Sub-district of East Tomohon, Tomohon City. The study lasted for 3 (three) months, from July to September 2016 starting from preparation through research reports. This study uses primary data and secondary data. The samples in this study were all strawberry farmers in Rurukan and Rurukan One, they are 7 strawberries farmers in which five farmers who are still active, while two farmers are no longer planted strawberries, consumers or tourists who visit, and the institution or village. Data analysis method used is descriptive (descriptive analysis), where the study was conducted to examine the factors supporting and inhibiting agribusiness Strawberries. The results showed that the factors - factors supporting and inhibiting the main agribusiness strawberries for subsystem Agriinput, Subsystem Agriproduksi, Subsystems Agriindustri, Subsystems Agriniaga, and Subsystem Agriservis. The detail findings are: (a) subsystems Agriinput main supporting factors are strawberry seeds, fertilizers and labor while the main inhibiting factor is the land, the weather and the capital; (b) subsystem Agriproduksi main supporting factor is the knowledge of farmers on the cultivation of strawberries and strawberry fruit prices, while the limiting factor is the main weather and capital; (c) sub-system Agriindustry main supporting factors are: processing technology, while being the main limiting factor is the capital and processing equipment; (d) subsystem Agricommerce main supporting factor is the market, price of Strawberries and that became the main limiting factor is the capital; (e) Subsystem Agriservice main supporting factors are education, agricultural extension and being the main limiting factor is the information.

While transparent optical networks become more and more popular as the basis of the Next Generation Internet (NGI) infrastructure, such networks raise many security issues because they lack the massive use of optoelectronic monitoring. To increase these networks' security, they will need to be equipped with proactive and reactive mechanisms to protect themselves not only from failures and attacks but also from ordinary reliability problems. This work presents a novel self-healing framework to deal with attacks on Transparent Optical Packet Switching (TOPS) mesh networks. Contrary to traditional approaches which deal with attacks at the fiber level, our framework allows to overcome attacks at the wavelength level as well as to understand how they impact the network's performance. The framework has two phases: the dimensioning phase (DP) dynamically determines the optical resources for a given mesh network topology whereas the learning phase (LP) generates an intelligent policy to gracefully overcome attacks in the network. DP uses heuristic reasoning to engineer the network while LP relies on a reinforcement learning algorithm that yields a self-healing policy within the network. We use a Monte Carlo simulation to analyze the performance of the aforementioned framework not only under different types of attacks but also using three realistically sized mesh topologies with up to 40 nodes. We compare our framework against shortest path (SP) and multiple path routing (MPR) showing that the self-organized routing outperforms both, leading to a reduction in packet loss of up to 88% with average packet loss rates of 1x10^-^3. Finally, some conclusions are presented as well as future research lines.

In this work, two new self-tuning collaborative-based mechanisms for jamming detection are proposed. These techniques are named (i) Connected Mechanism and (ii) Extended Mechanism. The first one detects jamming by comparing the performance parameters with respect to directly connected neighbors by interchanging packets with performance metric information, whereas the latter, jamming detection relays comparing defined zones of nodes related with a collector node, and using information of this collector detects a possible affected zone. The effectiveness of these techniques were tested in simulated environment of a quadrangular grid of 7 &times, 7, each node delivering 10 packets/sec, and defining as collector node, the one in the lower left corner of the grid. The jammer node is sending packets under reactive jamming. The mechanism was implemented and tested in AODV (Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector), DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), and MPH (Multi-Parent Hierarchical), named AODV-M, DSR-M and MPH-M, respectively. Results reveal that the proposed techniques increase the accurate of the detected zone, reducing the detection of the affected zone up to 15% for AODV-M and DSR-M and up to 4% using the MPH-M protocol.

This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the number of workers in the wooden house indutry at Tompaso Baru, South Minahasa. The data used were primary data obtained from the 23 available wooden house enterprises in Tompaso Baru by using questionnaires. Data were analysed using multiple regression and a Cobb Douglass Model was apllied. The Factors that were analyzed including the wages, production values and capital. The preliminary analysis shows there was a high correlation (multicollinearity) between the production value and capital. It has been decided to drop the capital factor in further analysis. Results of the analysis showed that the models used were good enough to be used for analysis, indicated by the R2 value of 91.4% and a significant level of the model which was of less than 1%. Partial significant level of each factor, wages and production value, was also less than 1%. This showed that wages and production value were significant factors in the determining the number of workers recruited in the wooden house industry in Tompaso Baru. Both of them have positive directions, meaning that an increase in wages or production value would increase the number of workers in this industry.*ghmk*

This study aims to find out how much farm income clove and clove farming contribution to total household income of farmers in the New Raanan 2 Village. The study was conducted from March to June 2015. Samples size was 30 respondents using purposive sampling method. Results from this study indicate clove farm income is a source of income which contributes most of all sources of income of farming families. However, in terms of farm income cloves there are several indicators that show the need for increased production and expenditure savings, given harvest once a year and selling prices are volatile. Farmers need to maintain the indicators that have been rated excellent for this, such as vacant devote time to other farms and use clove farm income to education, such as sending children to school.

Upon an intrusion, security staff must analyze the IT system that has been compromised, in order to determine how the attacker gained access to it, and what he did afterward. Usually, this analysis reveals that the attacker has run an exploit that takes advantage of a system vulnerability. Pinpointing, in a given log file, the execution of one such an exploit, if any, is very valuable for computer security. This is both because it speeds up the process of gathering evidence of the intrusion, and because it helps taking measures to prevent a further intrusion, e.g., by building and applying an appropriate attack signature for intrusion detection system maintenance. This problem, which we call postmortem intrusion detection, is fairly complex, given both the overwhelming length of a standard log file, and the difficulty of identifying exactly where the intrusion has occurred. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for postmortem intrusion detection, which factors out repetitive behavior, thus, speeding up the process of locating the execution of an exploit, if any. Central to our intrusion detection mechanism is a classifier, which separates abnormal behavior from normal one. This classifier is built upon a method that combines a hidden Markov model with k -means. Our experimental results establish that our method is able to spot the execution of an exploit, with a cumulative detection rate of over 90%. In addition, we propose an entropy-based approach that speeds up the construction of a profile for ordinary system behavior.

This paper presents a set of methods for building masquerade attacks. Each method takes into account the profile of the user to be impersonated, thus capturing an intruder strategy. Knowledge about user behavior is extracted from several statistics, including the frequency at which a user types a specific group of commands. It is then expressed by rules, which are applied to synthesize computer sessions that mimic the attack as ordinary user behavior. The masquerade attack datasets have been validated by making a set of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) try to detect user impersonation, this way showing the capabilities of each masquerade synthesis method for evading detection. Results demonstrate that a better performance of masquerade attacks can be obtained by using methods based on behavioral rules rather than those based only on a single statistic. Summing up, masquerade attacks exhibit a good strategy for bypassing an IDS.

This study aims to find out how the perceptions of the peasant community towards the tradition of rambu solo / traditional funeral in Marinding Village. This study lasted for 4 (four) months starting from April 2018 to July 2018 in Marinding Village, Mengkendek Sub-district, Tana Toraja Regency. The data collection method used is primary data collected through direct interviews with the community members and secondary data obtained from the Marinding Village Office. The sampling method used the purposive sampling method. The number of respondents is 15 people. Data analysis used was descriptive analysis. The results showed that there were two types of perceptions from the farmers community towards the tradition of rambu solo / traditional funeral in Marinding Village, Mengkendek Sub-district, Tana Toraja District, namely not supporting and supporting. There are 8 out of 15 respondents who do not support the rambu solo tradition because it is considered a waste that costs very large and expensive and is often for showing their social status in the community. But there is also support in which 7 out of 15 respondents support this tradition because the tradition of the rambu solo tradition reflects the life of the Toraja people who like togetherness and family. In addition, the implementation of solo signs opened up markets and huge profits for the rice farmers, coffee, and cattleman, especially for buffalos and pigs, because they could sell their all agricultural products to people who carried out rambu solo tradition which were usually carried out after the harvest period.*eprm*.

This study aims to analyze how the income of water spinach farmers (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk). This research was conducted in Kaima Village, Kauditan District, North MinahasaRegency and lasted from April 2016 until October 2017. The research method used in this research is survey method by interview all farmers of kangkung. Data collection method in this research is to use primary data through prepared list of questions that are obtained through direct interviews with farmers and secondary data from related agencies such as Head of Village Office, Statistic and Agricultural Extension Offices. Sampling method is the determination of saturated samples means that all water spinach farmers are used as a sample much as 6 respondents. The concept of measurement of variables in this study is the production, land area, selling price, revenue, expenditure, and supporting variables. Analysis of data used is the data obtained are presented in table form and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the income of kangkung farming in Kaima Village, Kecamatan.Kauditan was beneficial.

Background There are few studies on the factors that influence the time to diagnosis (TD) in childhood cancer. The object of the present study was to determine the influence of some clinical and social factors associated to TD in children with cancer seen at Mexico City (MC) hospitals. Procedure A retrospective study was performed. A total of 4,940 clinical records of children with cancer were reviewed. Cases of cancer were grouped, according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. The median (med) TD was calculated for each group (type) of cancer. The association between delayed TD (longer than 1 month) and type, age at diagnosis, parental educational level, medical institution, and place of residence was analyzed, for which the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained. Results Leukemias had the shortest TD (med = 1 month), while Hodgkin disease (HD) and retinoblastoma had the longest TD (med = 5 months). The highest risk for delayed TD was in children with HD (OR = 7.0; 95% CI 5.3–9.3), in the 10–14 age group (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.4–2.3), with low maternal educational level (OR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–2.1), in the population with no access to social security (OR = 1.3; 95% CI 1.1–1.4), and whose place of residence is far from MC (OR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–2.1). Conclusions In Mexican children with cancer, age at diagnosis, and societal characteristics are important factors affecting timely diagnosis. Med Pediatr Oncol 2002;39:25–31. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

The purpose of this study is to determine: (1) how the role of the Department of Agriculture in Empowering Horticulture Farmers in Biak Numfor District, (2) constraints faced by farmers in horticulture farming in Dofyo Wafor Village , North Biak District, Biak Numfor District, Papua Province . This research was conducted for 3 months starting from March until May 2017 . This research uses qualitative research approach. Primary data were collected by interviews and field observations. Respondents were selected by purposive sampling method as many as 30 respondents selected from 3 farmer groups in the village of Dofyo Wafor. Secondary data collection is obtained from the literature derived from related agencies such as: Animal Husbandry and Food Crop Farming Biak Numfor District. Central Bureau of Statistics of Biak Numfor Regency. Technical Service Unit of Agricultural Extension Institute of Biak Utara District and Dofyo Wafor Village Office. Data analysis used is qualitative analysis. The research found that (1) Government in empowering horticulture farm in Biak Numfor Regency. Particularly in Dofyo Wafor Village, through the Livestock and Food Crops Office of Biak Numfor District has empowered farmers, empowerment carried out in the form of counseling, seed breeder supervisors, providing superior seed support, irrigation irrigation facilities, technological advancement, assistance in land management, and assistance in farmer institutions ; (2) The existing obstacles are pest and disease attack on agricultural crops, limited knowledge , skills and capital of farmers, and also the bargaining position of agricultural products that are still low.

This study aims to determine the role of the agricultural sector to the economy of South Bolaang Mongondow Regency and its development in the period of 5 years ie in 2010 until 2014 and also to know the agricultural sector is the base or non-base sector. The data used is secondary data. This secondary data is obtained from the relevant agencies namely the Central Bureau of Statistics of North Sulawesi Province. The data is then analyzed using contribution formulas, growth formula and Location Quotient (LQ) analysis. The results showed that the agricultural sector is the largest contributor to the economy of Bolaang Mongondow Selatan Regency. This can be seen from the calculation of contribution and development of agricultural sector contribution to South Bolaang Mongondow Regency PDRB from 2010 to 2014. Based on the results of research also known that the development of agriculture sector to PDRB shows an increase that is from 2010-2014 with the largest increase occurred in 2013 with growth reached 5.82%, this can be interpreted that the productivity of agricultural sector in South Bolaang Mongondow Regency is good. From the analysis result using LQ, it can be seen that agriculture sector is base sector in South Bolaang Mongondow Regency, it means the role of agricultural sector in Bolaang Mongondow Selatan Regency is bigger.

This study aims to analyze using multiplier effect analysing of tomato agribusiness activity against other activities that affect the economy. Data collection consists of primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through a list of questions that had been prepared, while the secondary data obtained from the Head of the Agricultural Extension Agencies. The data collected by looking at the population number for eighteen tomato growers and interviews were also conducted at the Head of the Agricultural Extension Agencies (BPP) was one person. The data analysing method used is descriptive analysis and backward linkage and forward linkage analysis (multiplier effect analysis). The concept of measuring variables was used backward linkage, forward linkage, MPC1 of farmer’s income was spent in the village, and PSY, or expenditure farmer generate incomes. The results showed that the tomato agribusiness activities have backward linkage and forward linkage. The activities related to the tomato agribusiness activity has multiplier revenue of 1,090. Tomato agribusiness activity has an impact on the economy of the community.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) nodes are commonly designed to work with limited resources of memory, energy and processing. The routing protocol is one of the key components of WSNs and its features impact network performance significantly. We present an efficient Multi-Parent Hierarchical (MPH) routing protocol for wireless sensor networks; its main goal is to achieve reliable delivery of data in a single sink scenario while keeping low overhead, reduced latency and low energy consumption. The main features of MPH are self-configuration, hierarchical topology, persistence according to link quality, and source routing from sink to nodes. Network performance simulations of the MPH routing protocol are carried out and compared with two popular protocols, AODV, DSR and with the well-known algorithm ZTR (Zigbee Tree Routing). Results show that for the single sink scenario, the MPH protocol has an energy saving of 35% against AODV and DSR protocols and 8% compared with ZTR. MPH has 27% less overhead compared with AODV and DSR. And MPH presents a 10% increase in packet delivery compared with AODV, DSR and ZTR. Finally, we present a real WSN built based on the MPH protocol, which works satisfactorily, providing an experimental demonstration of the capabilities of the protocol.

This article focuses on the development of miniaturized PEM fuel cells for portable applications. The membrane-electrode assembly is prepared with sputtered electrodes and catalyst layers, and plasma-polymerized electrolyte membranes. These thin films have the ability to be deposited on different kinds of substrates, such as silicon, porous ceramics or flexible foils, which enables various arrangements for miniaturized fuel cells. Two different fuel cell concepts are described in detail, and the characteristics of initial systems are presented.

Subtotal Splenectomy in Hereditary Spherocytosis during Childhood After splenectomy, the risk of patients with hereditary spherocytosis for sepsis and meningitis is increased for li

For “SNS step and gap”, and for “step-edge grain boundary”, Josephson-junctions steep steps in the substrate are needed to get either a break in the YBa2Cu3O7-film (SNS) or to induce grain boundaries in the growth of the YBa2Cu3O7-film across the step (step-edge). We report on the influence of the profiles of ion-beam etched substrate steps in MgO and SrTiO3 on the growth of YBa2Cu3O7-films at the step-edges and on the electrical properties of the different Josephson-junction types. On MgO we have fabricated Josephson-junctions of the SNS-type (using Ag as “N”), while for the step-edge junctions SrTiO3 was used. Both types of junctions exhibit Josephson-effects at 77 K. For the steps we use photoresist AZ 5214 E with steep edges as the mask. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis on differently fabricated steps are presented and compared to the electrical properties of patterned YBa2Cu3O7-films grown on them. Especially the role of material redeposited at the edge of a step during ion-beam etching is discussed. The reproducible step edge profiles are reflected in reproducible electrical properties of the Josephson-junctions and dc-SQUIDs (on chip and chip to chip).

A passivation layer was developed to protect YBCO-devices like flux transformers and SQUIDs against deterioration due to moisture, atmospheric carbon dioxide and oxygen diffusion. The passivation layer is deposited by the polymerization of the silicon organic compound hexamethyldisilasane (HMDS-N) in a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process. AFM investigations confirm that films of 100-150 nm thickness cover YBCO structures without any pinholes and with good step coverage. Electrical transport measurements of passivated YBCO tracks and junctions exposed to humidity and CO/sub 2/ show the excellent passivation properties of the films. No degradation in the critical parameters such as the critical current I/sub c/, the normal resistance R/sub n/ and the flux modulation depth /spl Delta/V is observed on step edge dc-SQUIDs. Investigations of the oxygen diffusion relaxation times show that they are much larger for the passivated samples than in samples without an overlay.

Electronic devices based on the high-temperature superconductor (YBCO) may deteriorate in the operating environment under the influence of moisture, atmospheric carbon dioxide and frequent thermal cycling. To avoid these impairments a passivation layer was developed which is deposited by polymerization of the silicon organic compound hexamethyldisilasane (HMDS-N) in a plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) process. The 100 nm thin films exhibit excellent passivation properties which is confirmed by electrical transport measurements of passivated wide and 100 nm high YBCO lines and step edge Josephson junctions exposed to humidity and . No degradation in the critical parameters such as the critical current , the normal resistance and the flux-voltage modulation depth is observed on step edge dc-SQUIDs owing to the deposition of the passivation layer. Atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements show a smooth morphology of these layers without pinholes and an excellent coverage of the YBCO even at the edges of lines. Furthermore, the passivation layer can be used as an isolation and scratch protection between SQUIDs and thin-film flux transformers in flip-chip magnetometers.

We have fabricated thin-film flux transformers prepared from heteroepitaxially grown, highly c-axis oriented YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/-SrTiO/sub 3/-YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/-trilayers. Crossovers and vias as well as complete test coils exhibit critical temperatures around 85 K with critical current densities of j/sub c/=1.5/spl times/10/sup 6/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 77 K. AFM and TEM investigations showed that only convex edges enable highly c-axis oriented films on the beveled edges with the CuO-planes aligning themselves parallel to the substrate surface. The fabricated flux transformers yield a gain of more than 43. To protect devices against their environment and prevent oxygen losses we have developed a passivation layer deposited by polymerization of the silicon-organic compound hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS-N) in a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process. The 150 nm thick films exhibit excellent passivation properties without substantial interference with device properties. The films can be used as the isolation and scratch protection between SQUIDs and thin-film flux transformers in flip-chip magnetometers.

We present a self-adaptive framework to process lightpath requests on a packet switching optical network. Our framework takes care of issues regarding lightpath setting up, resource reservation and load balancing. The framework is composed of a dimensioning phase that adds up new resources to an initial topology and a learning phase that provides routing intelligence to efficiently use the dimensioned resources. The proposed framework is tested on a realistic topology achieving a probability of packet loss of 1×10-4.

Plant species of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms applied with Salicylic acid respond in a positive manner when root system, flowering, stress or productivity is measured. Moreover, the published work indicates that Salicylic Acid application to plants of economic importance might be a good material to use it more widely to increase food production. The advantages to test this molecule is that (a) is a natural and eco-friendly product, (b) nanoquantities are required to produce positive effects, (c) is easy to be applied, and (d) is a cheap chemical available, almost anywhere.

This work presents a novel approach for dealing with failures and attacks on Transparent Optical Packet Switching (TOPS) mesh networks. The approach is composed of two phases, whereas the first one dynamically dimensions the resources in the network, the second one applies an incremental learning algorithm that generates an intelligent policy. At each node, such a policy allows a self-healing behavior when there are failures or attacks in the network. Finally, the performance of this approach is presented as well as future research lines.

All-Optical Networks are believed to be the basis of the Next Generation Internet (NGI) infrastructure. Contention resolution represents a challenge considered when implementing resource allocation. This paper presents a performance evaluation for Optical Packet Switching (OPS), attempting to solve contention resolution applying resource allocation through two strategies: Minimum packet buffering (minBuff) and minimum conversions (minConv). We consider an OPS architecture with a shared converter pool and output buffers. It is shown that for a given dimensioning, an appropriate strategy may optimize the performance of the system in terms of Packet loss probability.

This paper describes the architecture developed for DNSSECbis implementation in NIC Mexico. The main goal of this work is to create a secure domain. We propose to build an architecture to manage DNSSECbis private keys securely. The software tools developed allows a zone administrator and the Internet Community1 to deploy DNSSECbis quickly and efficiently. One such tool checks whether a secure domain is correctly configured. Additional tools to manage private and public keys for DNSSECbis were created. The proposed architecture and tools have been used for DNSSECbis deployment under test.mx. The results of this trial shows that DNSSECbis adoption is feasible.

Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is the most widely used live bacterial vaccine. However, limited information is available correlating route and dose of vaccination and induction of specific T cell responses with protection against tuberculosis. We compared efficacy of oral and systemic vaccination and correlated vaccine-induced T cell responses with protection in experimental tuberculosis of mice. After oral and systemic vaccination, we observed profound differences in persistence and dissemination of BCG and frequencies and location of specific IFN-γ-secreting CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. Yet, both vaccination routes caused comparable levels of protection against aerosol challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Protection correlated best with rapid accumulation of specific CD8 + T cells in infected tissues of challenged mice. In contrast, specific IFN-γ production by CD4 + T cells reflected the load of M. tuberculosis rather than the strength of protection. Our data question the measurement of IFN-γ secretion by CD4 + T cells and emphasize the need for new biomarkers for evaluation of tuberculosis vaccine efficacies.

In this paper an improvement in the generation of the crypto-graphic-speech-key by optimising the number of parameters is presented. It involves the selection of the number of dimensions with the best performance for each of the phonemes. First, the Mel frequency cepstral coefficients, (first and second derivatives) of the speech signal are calculated. Then, an Automatic Speech Recogniser, which models are previously trained, is used to detect the phoneme limits in the speech utterance. Afterwards, the feature vectors are built using both the phoneme-speech models and the information obtained from the phoneme segmentation. Finally, the Support Vector Machines classifier, relying on an RBF kernel, computes the cryptographic key. By optimising the number of parameters our results show an improvement of 19.88%, 17.08%, 14.91% for 10, 20 and 30 speakers respectively, employing the YOHO database.

This research shows the improvement obtained by including the principal component analysis as part of the feature production in the generation of a speech key. The main architecture includes an automatic segmentation of speech and a classifier. The first one, by using a forced alignment configuration, computes a set of primary features, obtains a phonetic acoustic model, and finds the beginnings and ends of the phones in each utterance. The primary features are then transformed according to both the phone model parameters and the phones segments per utterance. Before feeding these processed features to the classifier, the principal component analysis algorithm is applied to the data and a new set of secondary features is built. Then a support vector machine classifier generates an hyperplane that is capable to produce a phone key. Finally, by performing a phone spotting technique, the key is hardened. In this research the results for 10, 20 and 30 users are given using the YOHO database. 90% accuracy.