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Invasive urinary tumours are relatively rare, and their treatment may cause important changes in urinary, sexual and social functions. A systematic review of external radiation therapy studies in urinary cancers was performed. This synthesis of the literature is based on data from meta-analyses, randomised and prospective trials and retrospective studies. There are few controlled clinical trials using adjuvant or radical radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in cancer of the kidney, ureter and urethra. There are several reports on multimodality treatment in invasive bladder cancer: intravesical surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy to radiotherapy or concomitant radiochemotherapy with organ preservation. The conclusions reached for renal cancer are controversial, and data on cancers of the urethra and ureter are few and inconclusive. Sufficient data now exist in the literature to demonstrate that conservative management with organ preservation is a valuable alternative to radical cystectomy, the traditional gold standard, in invasive bladder cancer.

95%of the PTV encompassed within the prescription isodose volume Patients were followed with CT and PET scan to detect disease recurrence Local recurrence was defined as an increase in size of tumor following treatment as most tumors shrunk following radiation Results: Median follow-up was 19 months (range, 448 months). KaplanMeier local control at 1 and 2 years was 84.9% and 84.9% respectively, overall survival (OS) at 1 and 2 years was 89.8% and 83.4% ,disease free Survival (DFS) at 1 and 2 years was 84.9% and 78%. We detected a late radiationinduced local fibrosis using CT imaging in most patients, but, till today, none of patients had any chronic symptoms Conclusions: These ppreliminary results suggest that CyberKnife-based SRT is a feasible approach for primary lung cancer, offering excellent in-field tumor control and low toxicity profile.Oowever more experience and a longer follow-up are necessary to determine the role of CK and to identify patients most likely to benefit from it

95%of the PTV encompassed within the prescription isodose volume Patients were followed with CT and PET scan to detect disease recurrence Local recurrence was defined as an increase in size of tumor following treatment as most tumors shrunk following radiation Results: Median follow-up was 19 months (range, 448 months). KaplanMeier local control at 1 and 2 years was 84.9% and 84.9% respectively, overall survival (OS) at 1 and 2 years was 89.8% and 83.4% ,disease free Survival (DFS) at 1 and 2 years was 84.9% and 78%. We detected a late radiationinduced local fibrosis using CT imaging in most patients, but, till today, none of patients had any chronic symptoms Conclusions: These ppreliminary results suggest that CyberKnife-based SRT is a feasible approach for primary lung cancer, offering excellent in-field tumor control and low toxicity profile.Oowever more experience and a longer follow-up are necessary to determine the role of CK and to identify patients most likely to benefit from it