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Amenorrhea is defined as the nonappearance of menstruation in women. Amenorrhea may be divided in to primary and secondary amenorrhea. Primary amenorrhea is caused due to anatomical, genetic, nutritional and other endocrine defects. Anatomical causes includes distal obstruction, MRKH and AIS. Primary Ovarian Insufficiency is the foremost causes of primary amenorrhea. The frequent causes of secondary amenorrhea are pregnancy. Other causes of secondary amenorrhea include PCOD, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, POI. Depending upon the causes, the amenorrhea affected women should experiences the symptoms like hair loss, acne, excess facial hair, milky nipple discharge, etc along with the absence of menstruation. Amenorrhea is diagnosed using the patient laboratory data, pelvic ultrasonography, hysteroscopy. Management of amenorrhea is based upon its causes. PCOS patients is usually treated with regular exercise and healthy food diet. Amenorrhea is initially treated with hormonal therapy followed by hysterectomy. Regular intake of vitamin D and calcium is also recommended.

Aim: The aim of this randomized, controlled, double-blinded, clinical study is to evaluate and compare the clinical effectiveness of low-level diode GaAlAs laser and glutaraldehyde-based topical desensitizing agent on cervical dentin hypersensitivity with the help of visual analog scale (VAS). Materials and Methods: Fifty teeth of patients aged between 20 and 50 years were included, and VAS was used to assess the dentin hypersensitivity. The teeth were randomly allocated to either Group 1 or 2 using flip coin technique. Group 1 received glutaraldehyde desensitizer and Group 2 received 905 nm low-level laser. The sensitivity scores were recorded, immediately, after1 week and 3 months after therapy. Data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test for intergroup comparison and Friedman's test for intragroup comparison. Results: There was a significant reduction in pain in both the groups at 3 months evaluation (P = 0.001).However, Group 2 showed a significant decrease in mean VAS scores when compared with Group 1 at both the one week and three month follow ups (P = 0.04, P = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: Although topical desensitizer and Low Level Laser are both effective in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity, Low Level Lasers are comparatively more effective at the studied time intervals.

Background Poisoning ranks as the 13th leading cause of death worldwide & it is the fourth most common cause of accidents in children. The World Health Organization(WHO) reports an uptrend in suicidal poisoning worldwide and consumption of pesticides is the most common method of suicide. Thorough knowledge about the nature and magnitude of the problem is hence essential for developing strategies to tackle such casualties. OBJECTIVE To study the socio-demographic pattern of poisoning cases admitted in Aarupadai Veedu Medical College & Hospital, Puducherry. METHODology Retrospective analysis of all 548 poisoning cases reported to the casualty of Aarupadai Veedu Medical College & Hospital over a period of 5 yrs i.e. from 1st July 2009 to 30th June 2014 was done. Data regarding age, sex, educational status, marital status, socioeconomic class, place of residence, type of poison, time of exposure and intention of poisoning was entered into excel & analysed in SPSS for calculating percentages and Chi square test. RESULTS Peak incidence was observed in the age group of 21-30 yrs (31.57%) & majority (58.03%) were female victims, 75.36% were from rural area & in 52.92% of cases poisoning happened during the day time. In 75.90% cases, intention of poisoning was suicidal while 23.70% cases were accidental. The most common class of poison involved was pesticides (38.87%) with Organophosphorus compound in majority patients (25.73%). CONCLUSION There is an urgent need to reinforce the regulations regarding sales of drugs & agrochemicals which will definitely reduce the misuse of these substances by the general public. Equally important is to focus on vulnerable, ignored groups and pool together researchers, clinicians, politicians, policy makers to develop a national plan for providing sustainable mental health support for our community for suicide prevention. Language: en

Purpose: High spatial resolution of Radiochromic gel dosimeter with optical readout system, its tissue equivalence property and ability to map dose distribution in 3D makes it suitable for dosimetric measurements of small fields used in Radiosurgery.Method & Materials: In this work we have used the FX gel and the optical readout system for measuring the beam profiles and the output factors of Radiosurgery circular collimators and micro MLC (mMLC) collimator for 6MV photon beams. The measurements were repeated with GafChromic film and pin‐point ion chamber. FX gels were also irradiated for two Radiosurgery plans, one with arcs using circular collimators and the other with mMLC and static beams. These were compared with the TPS dose distribution. Results: The field size and the FWHM measured with Gel dosimeter were within 1mm for small fields and maximum of 2 mm for 40 cm diameter filed. The beam profile and the penumbra measured with FX gel matched with those measured with GafChromic films. The output factor measured from the optical attenuation coefficient of FX gel and the factors measured with GafChromic film were within 2%. Conclusion: The dose distribution obtained with FX gel was identical to those obtained from the Treatment Planning System