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To explore the protective mechanism of acupuncture plus mild hypothermia for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) by observing the effects of acupuncture plus mild hypothermia on miRNA-204 and its target gene expressions in CIRI rat brain tissues. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a blank control group, a sham operation group, a model group, an acupuncture group, a mild hypothermia group and an acupuncture plus mild hypothermia group according to the random number table method (n=10). Except for the blank control group and the sham operation group, rats in the other 4 groups received CIRI modeling. After the model was successfully established, rats in the blank control group were bred routinely for 72 h without any interventions; rats in the sham operation group and the model group were bred routinely for 72 h, and only received binding without other interventions after surgery; rats in the acupuncture group were bred routinely for 72 h, and received acupuncture at Dazhui (GV 14), Baihui (GV 20) and Shuigou (GV 26) after binding; rats in the mild hypothermia group were bred routinely for 72 h, and received mild hypothermia intervention for 72 h after binding; rats in the acupuncture plus mild hypothermia group were bred routinely for 72 h, followed by receiving acupuncture as in the acupuncture group and mild hypothermia therapy as in the mild hypothermia group after binding. The neurological impairment score, cerebral infarction area ratio, the expressions of miRNA-204 and its target genes including Map3k8, Ntrk2 and Ppp3r1 in the ischemic hippocampus of each group were observed after 72 h of intervention. Before intervention, compared with the blank control group and the sham operation group, the neurological impairment scores and the infarction area ratios of the modelled rats were statistically significantly increased (all P

In Bangladesh, the recent uncontrolled growth of industries near farmland and unplanned urbanization made the agricultural sector the most vulnerable and a massive threat to the food security of the country. Agricultural farms near to industrial zones face high production costs (poor air-water-soil quality, high labor cost) and low-profit margin (poor crop yield and crop loss due to frequent natural hazards). The government policy in this matter is not proper due to a lack of information. As a consequence, many of these farm owners adopt agricultural credit by themselves to manage the production cost. Basically, credit itself creates some other financial risks and the farmers needed to adopt different measures to handle these financial risks. In-depth research on this matter is important to improve the situation by providing relevant information that policymakers can plan an efficient policy framework. However, previous literature has overlooked this area of research. In this study, the researcher collected data on 400 rice farmers (debtors) from six different districts in greater Dhaka division (most degraded area in Bangladesh) and adopted probit model to analyze the influential factors affecting farmers’ financial risk management adoption decision and to identify the correlations between these decisions. The empirical findings indicate that education, access to technologies, household income, savings, and distance from the industrial areas are the major factors that affect farmer’s adoption choice and most of the farmers are risk-averse. Moreover, the adoption choice of one risk management tool may motivate farmers to adopt another.

AIM Proactive detection and treatment strategies have achieved encouraging survival outcomes for patients with early peritoneal metastases (PM), but these costly and invasive approaches can only be applied to selected high-risk patients. This meta-analysis aimed to identify the risk factors for metachronous PM after curative surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC). METHOD The study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020219187). Databases were searched for studies comparing clinical and histopathological characteristics between patients with metachronous peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer (pmCRC) and patients without (non-pmCRC). RESULTS Thirty-six studies were included. Metachronous PM were positively associated with perforation (OR 1.920; 95% CI 1.144-3.223; P = 0.014), poor differentiation (OR 2.291; 1.603-3.275; P

With the rapid development of electric vehicles (EV s), the lack of the charging infrastructure has become the bottleneck of the development of EVs. Aiming at the problem of the low charging efficiency and power capacity of AC network, the DC distribution system has been introduced for a settlement. However, a large amount of EVs charging would inevitably result in the DC neutral point voltage imbalance, especially using bipolar structure. In this paper, the main topology structures and neutral grounding modes of DC distribution network is researched and analyzed. Based on the structural feature of DC bipolar distribution network, the influencing factors of DC neutral point voltage, such as network parameter and load distribution, is studied. Then, aiming at the problems of the voltage unbalance, a new coordinated control method is designed to suppress the voltage fluctuation. Finally, a study case of DC distribution network is simulated and analyzed to verify the proposed method, and the results show that the unbalanced voltage could be depressed effectively.

In order to effectively reduce the compression wave in tunnel and the micro pressure wave at the exit of tunnel, improve the comfort of passengers, this study put forward laying polymeric sand porous material in tunnel by using the sound absorption properties of porous media, and give the numerical simulation calculation method of the aerodynamic effect of three-dimensional compressible, viscous and unsteady flow field when a high-speed train entering into a tunnel, furthermore, the influence of sound absorption board on the aerodynamic effect in tunnel was studied. Theoretical analysis and numerical results show the compression wave in tunnel and the micro pressure wave at the exit of tunnel can be decreased significantly when pasting porous materials in tunnel. The reason is mainly due to there are lots of micro-pores in the material and it could absorb the energy from compression wave, then the peak value of it and pressure gradient are decreased. Secondly, the method of laying polymeric sand sound absorption material has influence on the change of the pressure in the tunnel and the micro pressure wave at the exit of tunnel. When the length and height of sound absorption materials are same, calculation results show that the best pressure reduction effect is achieved when laying the material at the entrance of tunnel. However, when laying the material at different circumferential positions of tunnel, the pressure reduction effect at haunch is better than vault and spandrel. Based on that, considering the pressure noise reduction problem, material cost and height of construction in practical engineering, when laying the material at haunch, the relationship between the reduction effect of pressure gradient and the length of laying is summarized with 3 different speeds, which have certain reference value for the design of the method of laying sound absorption material in tunnel.

Introduction:We previously showed that a “10-hour daytime on-site” and “nighttime (NT) on-call” staffing strategy was associated with higher mortality for intensive care unit (ICU) patients admitted during NT than it was for patients admitted during office hours (OH). In here, we evaluated the clinical effects of a 24-hour intensivist staffing model.Methods:We formed an intervention group of 3034 consecutive ICU patients hospitalized from January 2013 to December 2015, and a control group of 2891 patients from our previous study (2009-2011). We applied propensity score matching (PSM) for whole and subgroup analyses adjusting for confounding factors. We compared clinical outcomes of patients under the 2 staffing models using multivariate logistic regression and survival analyses.Results:After PSM, we balanced the clinical data between the complete cohorts and the subgroups. Comparison of ICU survivals between the intervention and control cohorts yielded no significant differences. However, the intervention was significantly associated with a higher ICU survival in the NT (5:30 pm-07:30 am) admission patients ( P = .049) than in those admitted during OH (07:30 am to 5:30 pm; P = .456). Additionally, the intervention shortened the LOSHOS( P = .001) and/or LOSICU( P < .001), reduced the hospital ( P = .672) and/or ICU ( P = .004) expenses, and resulted in earlier mechanical ventilation extubation ( P = .442) as compared to the same variables in the control group, especially for NT admissions.Conclusions:The 24-hour intensivists staffing could significantly improve ICU outcomes, especially for NT-admission patients in high-acuity, high-volume ICUs with frequent NT admissions.

This paper constructed a new high speed and power density servo motor design scheme based on magnetic pole eccentricity proposed according to the requirements of electrical performance parameters. The analytical formulae were deduced in view of the theory of thick-walled elastic cylinders and the actual model by analytical calculations and finite element calculations. The structure strength of permanent magnet was analyzed. Furthermore, comprehensively comparing and analyzing the calculation results of the two methods verify the accuracy of the analytical calculation method and the rationality of the permanent magnet structure design. In brief, this paper provides a reference for the design of high-speed motor magnetic pole eccentricity.

This paper addresses sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM). Aiming at the sensor fault of electric vehicle, the sensorless fault-tolerant control technology was supplemented to improve the functional safety. Improved sliding mode observer (SMO) was constructed based on current state equation with the extended back electromotive force (EMF). Through bench calibration, motor parameters in the whole working area were identified and used by the observer adaptively, position estimation offset and system instability caused by the change of parameters were eliminated. The output of switching function was transformed from $\pmb{\alpha\beta}$ frame to dq frame before low pass filter to avoid fundamental phase delay. In order to improve the dynamic performance of variables estimation, the execution frequency of sliding mode observer and switching function was higher than sampling frequency in DSP. The control method is validated with experimental results that show the effectiveness of the real-time implementation.

This paper uses the system dynamics method to construct a system dynamics model of three submodules: innovation direct interaction within the direct subject, innovation direct subject and innovation indirect subject interaction, and innovation direct subject and innovation environment interaction. By designing five types of scenario simulation analysis, the Anylogic software is used to simulate the innovation ecosystem of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and to explore the key factors affecting the urban agglomeration innovation ecosystem. The favorable inspiration for the efficient management of the Yangtze River mid-city urban agglomeration innovation ecosystem is obtained.

As environmentally friendly and high-energy density rechargeable energy storage devices, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have thriving prospects in the field of energy. The current collector, which serves as an important component of LIBs, significantly influences the electrochemical performance of the battery. Numerous efforts have been spent on the design and fabrication of high-performance negative current collectors in the field of LIBs to achieve excellent battery performances. These high-performance current collectors are mostly structuralized to achieve special functions. Hence, different types of structuralized current collectors used for LIB anodes are comprehensively discussed and summarized in this paper. The structuralized current collectors used in LIB anodes are classified into planar-plate-based special-surface current collectors and the 3D framework-based porous current collectors. Both types of the structuralized current collectors are further divided into the single-component and multicomponent current collectors. More subsections are provided and focus on providing description of the developing strategies, fabrication methods, electrochemical behaviors, in-depth reasons for high performances, and advantages and challenges for real applications of the structuralized current collectors in detail. Subsequently, the challenges and future research directions of structuralized anode current collectors are reasonably clarified. Based on an objective summary of the high-performance negative current collectors, this review provides an enlightening guide for the future development of current collectors and LIBs. The fundamental conclusions can also be extended to other energy storage devices.

This study was conducted to compare the association of Gaussian and non-Gaussian magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived parameters with histologic grade and MIB-1 (Ki-67 labeling) index (MI) in brain glioma.Sixty-five patients with pathologically confirmed glioma, who underwent diffusion-weighted MRI with 2 b values (0, 1000 s/mm(2)) and 22 b values (≤5000 s/mm(2)), respectively, were divided into three groups of grade II (n = 35), grade III (n = 8), and grade IV (n = 22). Comparisons by two groups were made for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), slow diffusion coefficient (Dslow), distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC), and heterogeneity index α. Analyses of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were performed to maximize the area under the curve (AUC) for differentiating grade III + IV (high-grade glioma, HGG) from grade II (low-grade glioma, LGG) and grade IV (glioblastoma multiforme, GBM) from grade II + III (other grade glioma, OGG). Correlations with MI were analyzed for the MRI parameters.On tumor regions, the values of ADC, Dslow, DDC, and α were significantly higher in grade II [(1.37 ± 0.29, 0.70 ± 0.11, 1.39 ± 0.34) (×10(-3) mm(2)/s) and 0.88 ± 0.05, respectively] than in grade III [(0.99 ± 0.13, 0.55 ± 0.07, 1.04 ± 0.20) (×10(-3) mm(2)/s) and 0.80 ± 0.03, respectively] and grade IV [(1.03 ± 0.14, 0.50 ± 0.05, 1.02 ± 0.16) (×10(-3) mm(2)/s) and 0.76 ± 0.04, respectively] (all P 0.001). The parameter α showed the highest AUCs of 0.950 and 0.922 in discriminating HGG from LGG and GBM from OGG, respectively. Significant correlations with histologic grade and MI were observed for the MRI parameters.The non-Gaussian MRI-derived parameters α and Dslow are superior to ADC in glioma grading, which are comparable with ADC as reliable biomarkers in noninvasively predicting the proliferation level of glioma malignancy.

The inverted-triangle permanent magnet interior rotor is a new type of motor rotor structure for vehicles. First, this paper introduces and qualitatively analyzes the inverted-triangle interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), and establishes the equivalent magnetic circuit model of the inverted triangle IPMSM under no-load and load conditions. Secondly, based on the equivalent magnetic circuit model, a preliminary design of an inverted-triangle IPMSM for an 8-pole 48-slot vehicle was carried out. Finally, the finite element software is used to optimize the rotor of the motor to obtain ideal electromagnetic performance. The simulation results show that with the same torque performance, the amount of permanent magnets of the inverted-triangle IPMSM is significantly less than that of the V-shaped IPMSM, which is beneficial to reducing the cost of motors for automobiles.

Under the background of steady development of DC transmission and distribution technology, a series of pilot projects and demonstrations have been carried out gradually in the Engineering application of DC distribution network. In this paper, the typical mode of low voltage DC distribution network- flexible distribution system, is taken as the main research object. The interface between low voltage DC distribution and AC distribution, the distributed energy resource and electric vehicle, and the characteristics of electrical load is considered synthetically. The DC voltage level, power supply radius and capacity, the mode of grounding and connection, and topology structure are analyzed and studied. The typical DC distribution structure is analyzed by simulation. And the DC network load mutual supply experiment system suitable for different scenarios is constructed.

Bronchiolitis is one of the most common lower respiratory diseases in infants. A correlation between the severity of bronchiolitis and a co-infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as well as other viruses has not yet been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of RSV co-infection with other viruses on the severity of bronchiolitis and airway inflammation. One hundred and twelve hospitalized children with clinical symptoms of bronchiolitis were prospectively enrolled in this study. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were analyzed to identify RSV, human bocavirus, human metapneumovirus and nine other respiratory viral pathogens. Inflammatory cell counting and concentrations of cytokines/chemokines were also evaluated. The severity of the disease was further determined on the basis of symptom score and duration of hospitalization. Viral pathogens were detected in 84 samples (75%). RSV was detected in 62 samples (55.36%), 31 of which also possessed other viruses. No difference was found between children with bronchiolitis that had RSV as the sole infecting viral agent and those that were infected with RSV and other viruses with respect to the prevalence of symptoms prior to admission to the hospital, the duration of hospitalization and the diagnosis of severe bronchiolitis. The median cellularity, concentrations of cytokines and cell counts of nasopharyngeal aspirates were similar between the two groups of children. The severity of bronchiolitis is not dependent on the co-infection of RSV with other respiratory viruses.

Today the elaboration degree of wind meteorological information far from enough, which leads to the low wind farm wind power prediction accuracy, causing grid scheduling problems , so as to result in instability in power systems easily. This paper selects zinc bromide battery energy storage system for the measurement of improving the forecast accuracy of the wind farms, adopts fuzzy control and sets up fuzzy control rule base for the energy storage system considering the error probability characteristics and the charge state SOC of the energy storage to control the storage charge and discharge power, and does simulation analysis of a wind farm in XinJiang which introduced into the energy storage. At the same time, compared with the traditional control strategy the results indicate that fuzzy control strategy of energy storage system can more effectively improve the wind power short-term forecast accuracy significantly,80% of the predicted value meet the requirements of the state grid has less than ± 25%.

A temperature sensor based on topological insulators and tapered fiber is proposed and experimentally investigated. The tapered fiber and topological insulators solution are encapsulated in a capillary tube using UV glue. Within a temperature range of 47–92 centigrade, one resonance dip of tapered fiber exhibits a blue shift of 10nm, which is more than 20 times of ordinary fiber Bragg grating's temperature sensitivity.

Driven by higher energy and electricity demand, the world's power grid system has leapfrogged from conventional grids to modern grids, and from isolated urban grids to transregional and transnational interconnected large grids. Some technologies and equipment have been innovated to adapt the acceleration of global energy interconnection. A new type of overhead conductor with a polymer composite core (ACCC) is attracting more attention in global energy interconnection owing to their outstanding mechanical properties and operating characteristics. The ACCC conductor exhibited greater ampacity than ACSR conductor at all operating temperatures. Hence, the transmission capacity of grid can be enhanced by utilization the ACCC conductor without replacement of steel tower and other facilities. This paper puts forward a theoretical calculation method about emission reductions of retrofit measures for utilization of ACCC conductor in new or modified power lines, based on the characteristics of line loss parameters, which are complex energy consumption status and comprehensive utilization of energy-saving technologies.

The micro pore array with the feature of aspect ratio of more than 50 was fabricated on a 5-inch silicon wafer by means of photo-assisted electrochemical etching technique.After analyzing the factors that determine the morphology of pores,the following experiments were proceeded to study the relation of pore morphology to the etching voltage and electric current.When choosing a current by i-V curve,several different etching voltages were applied respectively and corresponding wafer was fabricated by adjusting experimental parameters according to the Lehmann′s model.It was found that the better pores could be produced under a voltage of 2 V.The results show that photo-assisted electrochemical etching technique can be more adopted to make the large area micro-pore array of high aspect-ratio on silicon wafer with low cost,being compared to the state of the art of micro-manufacturing technology.

In order to solve the problems of existing physical simulation experiment device for thermal recovery, such as great heat loss, low precision in internal pressure control of physical model and insufficient process monitoring, a new experiment device for high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) 3D scaled physical simulation is developed independently, and the relevant experiment technical route is presented. By using thermal fluid simulation, PID auto-control and 3D graphics, the following problems are solved: (1) the heat loss scaled simulation technology is applied for HPHT thermal recovery model, to control the heat dissipating capacity of the model top and bottom and realize the continuous growth of the steam chamber; (2) HPHT 3D formation temperature/pressure simulation technology is applied to keep the model pressure and temperature stable, ensuring temperature difference at each point in high-pressure chamber less than ± 2 °C; (3) 3D data field on-line monitoring and visual analysis technology is applied to monitor and control the reservoir performance at real time. By using this experiment device, 3D scaled physical simulation experiment is performed for commingled thermal recovery of extremely heavy oil by horizontal/vertical wells as well as SAGD of super heavy oil by dual horizontal wells. The evolution of steam chamber is depicted and the knowledge on SAGD mechanism by dual horizontal wells and the production performance is deeply studied. 摘要: 为了解决现有热采物理模拟装置模型热损失大、模型内压控制精度低、实验过程监控不足等问题 自主研制成功了新型高温高压三维比例物理模拟实验装置并提出了注蒸汽采油高温高压三维比例物理模拟实验技术路线。该装置采用热流数值模拟、PID自动控制及三维数据场平面设计方法 重点解决了以下难题并形成特色技术°采用高温高压热采模型热损失比例模化技术 比例控制模型顶底散热量 实现汽腔持续发育 °采用高温高压三维地层温/压模拟技术 实现模型压力均匀稳定控制 高压舱内各点温差小于±2 ࠓ °采用模型三维数据场在线监测与可视化分析技术 实时监测与调控油藏动态。利用该实验装置开展了特稠油水平井与直井组合热采及超稠油双水平井SAGD 蒸汽辅助重力泄油三维比例物理模拟实验研究 完整刻画了汽腔发育规律 深化了对双水平井SAGD开采机理和生产动态规律的认识。图5参13 关键词注蒸汽采油 比例物理模拟 三维模型 高温高压 蒸汽辅助重力泄油-图分类号TE345 文献标识码A Key words: steam injection recovery, scaled physical simulation, 3D physical model, high-pressure and high-temperature, steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD)

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of specific point acupuncture and manipulative adjustment on muscle strength of the knee osteoarthritis. Method: One hundred and five patients were randomly allocated to two groups. Sixty-eight cases in the treatment group were treated by specific point acupuncture and manipulative adjustment on muscle strength of the knee joint. While 37 cases in the control group were treated with specific point acupuncture alone. Result: The total effective rate was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Specific point acupuncture and manipulative adjustment on muscle strength of the knee joint has a satisfactory curative effect on knee osteoarthritis.

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks have been adopted for Internet live video-streaming service, and several practical systems have been deployed in past years due to the inherent scalability and ease of deployment. However, most of these systems are commercial and proprietary, and hence little research was done in the area of characterizing practical system performance properties. In this article, we mainly present our experience on a practical P2P-based live video- streaming system called GridMedia, which was employed to broadcast live the Chinese Spring Festival Gala show over the Internet. Benefiting from two sets of flush-crowd traces with about 15,239 and 224,453 concurrent users in a 300 kb/s streaming session in 2005 and 2006, we perform a trace study to understand the service capacity, quality of streaming service, connection heterogeneity, user geographic distribution, and request and online duration characteristics. Our observations shed light on those systems and further improvements in the arena of large-scale live video-streaming service over the Internet.

A fiber ring down with a weak long period grating (WLPG) for temperature and strain sensing is proposed and demonstrated. The sensing devices consist of two matched fiber Bragg gratings, a section of single mode fiber, a WLPG, a pulsed laser source, and a photodiode. The LPG incorporated in fiber ring cavity is used as sensing element, the induced resonance wavelength shift of which will cause an additional loss in the cavity. As a result, the amplitude of applied temperature variation or strain can be obtained by simply measuring the fiber ring down time. The proposed sensing system has advantages of easy configuration and rapid response. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 111–114, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23006

Sound comfort becomes more and more important in residential houses. Home appliance is one of the main sources of indoor noise. Noise emission is a distinctive feature for the selection of the home appliances. Noise levels in household appliances are increasingly attracting attention from manufacturers and customers. Refrigerators as common appliances used by most families run continuously all day. It produces a lot of noises. National standards have published severe rules on the acceptable noise levels, and noise-free operation becomes the preferred choice of customers in the refrigerators choosing. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the noise level of refrigerator. In this paper, the noise control study has been carried on a type of air-cooled household refrigerator. The noise level of the refrigerator was tested under different operation conditions at first. Then the maximum sound pressure level and noise characters were obtained by analyse the spectra of the noises. Test data shown that the refrigerator noises are mainly composed of compressor and fan noises. According to the characteristics of the compressor and fan noise, a method of using sound insulation board was proposed to reduce the compressor noise. Considering the actual installation restrictions and the compressor cooling demand, a kind of sound insulation board with holes was applied. Experimental studies indicated that the proposed noise control method can suppress the noise of the household refrigerator effectively.

This paper focuses the quantitative evaluation of non point sources of pollution by graphical maps of watershed and estimating area based load of pollutants of various land uses with the use of Arc/View Geographic Information System. The representative study is carried out in the Xinshan sub-watershed of Taihu watershed. It involves the simulation of pollutants load by watershed; watershed area and event mean concentration (EMC) by pollutants. Further the NPSP evaluation is carried out with the provision of Best Management Practice (BMP's) scenario in the watershed. BMP's utilization practice has provided the most efficient, practical and cost effective steps for the reduction of NPSP in the watershed. Using watershed boundary and land use data, nutrient EMC, and point Load, NPSP is evaluated based on PLOAD GIS model extension of Watershed 3.0. Model simulation is evaluated using tabular and graphical analysis. Support for this work is provided in the part by funding from the Natural Science Foundation in China for the project No. 50239030 Geographic Information System (GIS) has provided viable tool to generate, manipulate, and spatially organize disparate for distributed modeling of large amount of data of watershed and land uses. Despite extensive achievement to point sources control, public attention has been di- verted for the last decades towards non-point sources pollution (NPSP) of river / Lakes water- sheds and watersheds. The utilization of large amount of agrochemicals regarding potential growth of crops and vegetables to meet the requirement for increasing rate of population has caused the contribution of diffused pollutants in the water bodies. Besides the loss of fertile soils, pesticides from agriculture results diffuse loss of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), which are essential input for crop and animal production. Environmentalist and scientist have developed various methods and strategies for the quantification of NPSP. For instance various modeling

A series of experiments has been carried out on Qiang-guang I generator to study the dynamics of krypton gas-puff Z-pinches. The generator was operated at a peak current of 1.5 MA with a rise-time of 80 ns. The specific linear mass of gas liner was about 20 μg/cm in these experiments. In the diagnostic system, a four-frame x-ray framing camera and a pinhole camera were employed. A novel feature of this camera is that it can give time-resolved x-ray images with four frames and energy-resolved x-ray images with two different filters and an array of 8 pinholes integrated into one compact assemble. As a typical experimental result, an averaged radial imploding velocity of 157 km/s over 14 ns near the late phase of implosion was measured from the time-resolved x-ray images. From the time-integrated x-ray image an averaged radial convergence of 0.072 times of the original size was measured. An averaged radial expansion velocity was 130 km/s and the maximum radial convergence of 0.04 times of the original size were measured from the time-resolved x-ray images. The dominant axial wavelengths of instabilities in the plasma were between 1 and 2 mm. The change in average photons energy was observed from energy spectrum- and time-resolved x-ray images.

This investigation presents a Zigbee and Sip based smart home system(ZSS) that automates home-service operations and remote access. The ZSS home system comprises five subsystems,namely home automation network,home IP netework,home gateway,remote access unit, and cloud service unit. The home automation network is a wireless sensor network , responsible to sample sensors data and control actuators by Zigbee instructions. Security system adopts IP network technology to transmit videos from IP cameras to remote units. A home gateway middleware is designed to extract atomic service provied by a single device, then customize service rules which can meet variable user demands.Peer to peer transparent data channels between remote mobile phones and home devices are set up by Sip framework to overcome connection issues due to network address translation and dymaic public IP address. A novel data stream algorithm named GCOKDE is exploited to get probability density distribution of environmental parameters which can be uesd for the condition value of service rule.At the end,this study constructes a prototype to reveal the procedure of realization.

For multi-hop wireless sensor networks traffic aggregation mode transmission characteristics, proposed optimization algorithm based on CSMA protocol. Adjust the channel access strategy based on the location of of the nodes in the network, The optimization algorithm improves the equalization channel access strategy in CSMA to fit the transmission feature of WSNs,improve the efficiency of network transmission. Keywords-throughput; WSN; CSMA; Channel access

In this article, we reported a polarization orthogonal single-longitudinal-mode distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) fiber laser. The laser operated robustly in single longitudinal mode and dual polarizations with frequency difference of 976.93 MHz. This laser has simple structure as well as frequency adjustable. It can be used in a wide range of communication, sensor, and spectroscopic applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1658–1660, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23454

In this paper, we analyzed the frequency splitting phenomena when distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) fiber laser was influenced by lateral pressure. We gave the relationship of the frequency interval and the lateral pressure. This frequency splitting phenomena is based on Intracavity birefringent effects which are modulated by lateral pressure. So, this frequency splitting phenomena could be used in sensing pressure in the future. The pressure sensor which is based on the frequency splitting had more merits such as simple structure and frequency readable. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2628–2630, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22818

The ranking of interval numbers is an important research topic for undecided multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems. This paper mainly focuses on the problem that different interval numbers have the same possibility degree values in MCDM with interval numbers. First, we propose three compatibility relations theory models corresponding to different risk preferences type decision-makers to determine the advantage relation for interval numbers. Second, we propose the advantage relation and advantage degree of the alternatives and advantage matrix to rank all the alternatives as well as select the best one based on the advantage values of alternatives. Finally, we use a realistic example to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this new ranking technology.

Use PCM is a way to store thermal energy on reducing the material volume and in building applications to choose the desirable phase-change temperature to reach a thermal comfort temperature. For old buildings, it is impossible to use traditional PCM as the envelope. But using a piece of PCM as a part of window maybe is a feasible choice. We have done experiments to study the PCM effects about indoor temperature and density of heat flow in Shanghai, China. The results of these experiments indicated the indoor average temperature decreased 1.67°C in the daytime and increased 1.71°C in the night, the space heat gain decreased 61% in the daytime and increased 230% in the night when PCM had used in the experimental rooms. The heat flow of PCM is the half of the glass windows in the daytime. PCM would decrease the indoor heat load in the daytime and change the thermal indoor environment in the evening. The investment payoff period is about 4 years.

A phase locked loop (PLL) for MEMS horizontal scanning control of micro-laser projection ASIC is demonstrated for pico projectors application using high voltage 0.18-μm CMOS process. Special design techniques of phase frequency detector(PFD) and VCO control voltage with resetting are proposed to achieve resetting initial phase of horizontal scanning control, which make sure the PLL have stable performance when system power on. The PLL generates 142MHz signal with LVDS buffer also, which is used for generating timing signals providing a 1/8-pixel resolution for vertical control. The 142MHz of PLL has the measured phase noise of −112dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset and the integrated RMS jitter is 963ps from 100Hz to 10MHz. The active die area is 1mm × 1mm. The chip operates over a wide range of supply voltage from 1.6 V to 2.0V and temperature from −40°C to +85°C. The PLL chip core draws 6 mA current from a +1.8V supply at +25°C.

To solve the problems in current sizing equation, a new sizing equation that has optimal selection of specific loading which result in minimum stator diameter was proposed. The new sizing equation features as: using stator diameter as variable, using thermal loading as the proportional coefficient, providing a way to get the optimal selection of specific loading and containing more information relating the detailed implementation of the machine compared with the current one. The proposed sizing equation was used to redesign the Prius motor, getting a more compact design result without any losses in performance.

A new design procedure and corresponding design criteria of IPM machine is presented in the paper. The procedure interconnects the vehicle performance with the design parameters of an IPM machine. The presented design procedure has a three-layer structure, with different layer deals with different requirements. Design constrains and rules in the second layer are summarized as design criteria, which guarantee the machine is well designed and safety operated.

A high performance analog front-end (AFE) interface circuit for capacitive MEMS accelerometer is presented in this paper. The AFE was implemented in a continuous-time (CT), chopper stabilized, capacitance to voltage converter (CVC) topology with a variable gain amplifier (VGA) for greater flexibility and a low pass filter (LPF) which limited the signal bandwidth to 300 Hz. Noise analysis of each building block of the AFE is also presented in this paper. The measured input referred noise density is 27 nV/√Hz. Long term stability results showed that the input offset has an Allan deviation floor of 60 nV rms . The nonlinearity for the AFE was measured at ± 1 %.

CIPP model, including context Evaluation, input evaluation, process evaluation and product evaluation, is an effective evaluation method. Via CIPP, the contribution of the social work scheme to teachers, students and schools in S college can be objectively observed, as well as the direction of improvement for those social workers.

Due to the development and popularization of table tennis in colleges and the further development of physical education reform at present, the quality of table tennis teaching pays attention to by people. By way of increasing the quality of table tennis teaching, the article deals with the necessity of the developing table tennis course multi-media technology and principles to design it and the application of the table tennis course multi-media technology.

This paper is dedicated to come up with theoretical expressions of increasing demand for Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) in management of digital sport facility in the context of which, China is on the verge of Beijing Olympic Games. And it presents a number of aspects for rethinking the concerns involving the process in order to realize the close relationship between information management and running intelligent sport facilities. Ultimately, widespread adoption of cutting edge technology within the sport facility management and operation fields awaits technological innovations that are easy to use, reliable, meet the demands of the users, and are cost effective.

To improve the dynamic response, regulation precision and robustness of the closed-loop system, a novel adaptive pattern recognition based PID (PR-PID) control policy was proposed for industrial processes by combining the adaptive control, pattern recognition and PID control technique. The proposed method can achieve better performance by identifying the output of the system on line with different control strategies. The control strategies set mainly consists of PID controllers, which guarantees the basic requirement on stability and product quality. The effectiveness of PR-PID control is illustrated by its applications in some typical industrial processes. Simulation results show that the proposed method is efficient to design a robust control system for typical industrial processes with good dynamic character and high regulation. Since the proposed method need not identify the uncertain parameters of the plant, it has a very good real-time performance, and is easy to be implemented on-line.

Ant colony system (ACS) is an effective algorithm to solve combinatorial problems such as TSPs. There are many disadvantages when we analyzed all kinds of ACS. The serious one is the algorithms take long time to run, the other is they often stop during the running. Considered these problems, a new algorithm, Based on ACS, intelligent ant system (IAS), is designed to improve the performance. Algorithm implemented with Java, the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the new algorithm.

Owing to the fact that the radiated noises of three special sections of a ship (stern, the section between the stern and the midway of a ship, midway of a ship) present distinguished features of their power spectrum, it will be advantageous is significant to make use of them. In the present research, the simplified "three highlights" model for the ship-radiated noise at short distance is adopted to approach the continuous spectrum in these special sections. The convolution algorithm using a sliding time-window is used to regenerate the noise sequence of a special radiated source, the noise sequence has both specified amplitude probability distribution and desired power spectrum feature. Based on the reconstruction of the time-domain signals of the different radiated noise sources, the through signature and the additional effect of the three noise sources has been simulated. The results of simulation of the noise process are close to the actual testing data for a certain ship, both exhibiting the similar spectrum features.

For a long time, the discrimination of the inrush current for power transformer is a perplexing problem. In this paper, a new method used to distinguish the inrush current from the inner fault is proposed. Based on sinusoid approximation of instantaneous signal (SAIS), the dynamic magnetizing inductance in the power transformer can be calculated, whose validity is illuminated with two emulating models. With the character of calculated dynamic magnetizing inductance, distinguishing the inrush current from the short circuit between turns can be processed.

For many years, the fault line selection in an over-compensating network grounded with arc extinguishing coil is not satisfactory. In order to solve the problem, based on zero sequence power direction of transient fundamental frequency, a method of the fault line selection in MV network grounded with arc extinguishing coil is presented in this paper. Through many experiments in the physical experiment model, the presented method is validated by the analysis results. Under any compensating status, instantaneous initial phase of zero-sequence current is always behind that of zero-sequence voltage within 5 ms after grounding fault, and such sharp contrast between instantaneous initial phases at the grounding moment is basic characteristic of differentiating faulted line from non-faulted line, which can be addressed as the zero sequence power direction of transient fundamental frequency.