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Data on the occurrence and clinicopathological characteristics of actinic cheilitis (AC) and lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are well studied; however, they are based on studies limited to a single centre. Herein, we described the frequency of AC and LSCC submitted to microscopic examination from representative geographic regions of Brazil. A retrospective multicentre study was performed on biopsies obtained from 1953 to 2018 at 10 Brazilian oral and maxillofacial pathology centres. A total of 198,709 biopsy specimens were surveyed. Sociodemographic data and clinicopathologic characteristics were analysed. A total of 2017 cases of ACs (1.0%) and 850 cases of LSCCs (0.4%) were recorded. A strong fair-skinned (> 87%) male (> 70%) predilection was observed in both conditions. The mean age was 54.8 ± 18.7 for individuals with AC and 57.8 ± 19.0 for individuals with LSCC. The most commonly affected site was the lower lip (> 90%). This is a large multicentre study of AC and LSCC from Brazil. The frequency and clinicopathological features of AC and LSCC were similar to those described worldwide. This study provides robust and representative epidemiological data of these conditions for the scientific community.

In software development for people with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD), it is necessary to consider specific design aspects that enable the use of web and mobile applications by such users. However, only a small part of current websites and applications is adequately designed considering the needs of these users. In this paper, we extracted quality user interface attributes regarding autistic users from guidelines found in human computer interaction literature. Based on these attributes, and through the analysis of real applications specifically designed for autistic users found in Brazil, we created new design patterns presenting practitioners with problems, solutions and examples in order to support the development of more appropriate user interfaces for ASD users. We evaluated these patterns from the point of view of practitioners involved in caring for autistic people and software engineers working in projects for autistic end-users. The results provide indicators of the usefulness and understandability of the proposed patterns, while allowing to identify improvement opportunities in their description. By providing a new set of user interface design patterns, we aim to contribute to the development of more accessible mobile and web applications for users with ASD.

The General Data Protection Law (LGPD) in Brazil was created with the goal of regulating how associations collect, transmit and store users’ personal data. Although it became applicable in 2020, several software development teams still don’t know what quality attributes are necessary for a system to comply with such law and to avoid legal and monetary penalties. Furthermore, there are still no checklists for verifying quality criteria related to the Brazilian LGPD. In this paper, an inspection checklist is proposed to evaluate software systems regarding their adherence to the Brazilian LGPD. We identified the attributes from papers describing the impact of the law in the development of Brazilian software systems; and from papers describing existing techniques and quality attributes for evaluating the adherence of software systems to laws from other countries. The final evaluation checklist contains a total of 52 attributes distributed in evaluation categories, such as: transparency, legal rights, security, contentment and responsibility. To assess the proposed checklist, we applied the checklist to evaluate a government web application. The initial results indicate that the current version of the checklist allows the identification of problems regarding the adherence of software systems to the Brazilian LGPD.

The software inspection process allows identifying defects during the development cycle. In the context of mobile serious games, specific inspection checklists can be employed to guarantee their quality. However, there are few tools to support the use of these checklists and the existing ones are generic and not specific for the evaluation of digital educational games for mobile devices. To assist software engineers in the evaluation of this type of games, an open-source desktop tool was developed in C#, called TIMEG (Tool for Checklist Inspection of Mobile Educational Games). TIMEG allows to: (1) embed inspection checklists; (2) point out defects based on the items in the checklists; (3) generate inspection reports; and if the game is already available in the Google Play store, (4) present information about the users’ opinions. The tool was evaluated from the point of view of inexperienced software engineers when applied for evaluating a mobile serious game; and through the answers to a questionnaire. The results indicate that the tool was perceived as useful and easy to use, in addition to identifying opportunities for improvement in the tool’s interface and usability, as well as improvements in the presentation of relevant information in the defect reports. Link para Video: Clique Aqui

Requirements engineering is a crucial stage for the success of any software, as it allows a better understanding of the needs and desires of the customers or future users. In software development for autistic users, inexperienced software engineers face difficulties in the requirements engineering stage, as there are few specific techniques and artifacts to gather requirements in such context. The challenges increase when considering low-functioning autistic people, who have the most severe limitations of the disorder. Considering the above, in this paper, we present two artifacts to support the elicitation of requirements in software projects for autistic users. We developed a set of interviewing questions based on the opinion of both software development practitioners and caregivers. Also, we have drawn inspiration in a commercial canvas model to synthesize relevant data obtained with the interviews. When validating the artifacts, we got indicators of the feasibility of applying the artifacts in an actual development project. By developing and integrating these artifacts, we intend to support the requirements engineering stage and continue their development and study in further contexts.

PURPOSE Adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic subtype of non–small-cell lung cancer, representing 40% of all diagnoses. Several biomarkers are currently used to determine patient eligibility for targeted treatments, including analysis of molecular alterations in EGFR and ALK, as well as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression. Epidemiologic data reporting the frequency of these biomarkers in Brazilian patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are limited, and existing studies predominantly included patients from the southeast region of the country. MATERIALS AND METHODS The goal of this study was to investigate the frequency of somatic mutations in the EGFR, KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF genes, ALK, and PD-L1 expression in a series of Brazilian patients diagnosed with LUAD predominantly recruited from centers in southern Brazil. Molecular analysis of the EGFR, KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF genes was performed by next-generation sequencing using DNA extracted from tumor tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect ALK and PD-L1 expression. RESULTS Analysis of 619 tumors identified KRAS mutations in 189 (30.2%), EGFR mutations in 120 (19.16%), and BRAF mutations in 19 (3%). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated ALK and PD-L1 expression in 4% and 35.1% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the molecular epidemiology of patients with LUAD from southern Brazil and the largest assessing the frequency of multiple predictive biomarkers for this tumor in the country. The study also reveals a distinct mutation profile compared with data originating from other regions of Brazil.

Spasticity is one of the most important and residual signs after pyramidal and para-pyramidal catastrophic lesions after diverse neurological insults, including stroke, brain and spine trauma and post-radiation; infection and immunological diseases affecting nervous system, between others. Spasticity is normally a compensatory motor mechanism that could ameliorate the patients´ disability. Nevertheless, disastrous spasticity is described when the extremities force is diminished in the affected limbs, or when is impossible to wake o to take objects, maximum when hand or foot deformity is exposed. The objective of this chapter is centered in the neurosurgical treatment of spasticity, including brain lesions with specific targets and the spine with its different modalities. This review shows not only the basic aspects in these techniques, but also the option of infusion pumps and deep brain stimulation. To close, a proposal is stablished to determinate the possible path to treat the spasticity in the future.

Machine Learning (ML) has shown great potential for automating several aspects of everyday life and business. Experiences reports on developing ML systems, however, focus mainly on how to install, configure and maintain an ML system, but do not focus on the requirements engineering process and the design of the user interface that will present the data to the user. In this paper, we report the lessons learned from applying different requirements and design methods in one of the stages of a large development project (18 months). Its goal was to develop and evaluate a Web based application embedding an ML model that would produce data on the probability of lawsuits based on features such as: number of complaints, electrical damage to appliances and power shutdowns. At all, the design team applied the following techniques: (a) Interviews and document analysis, to identify the major reasons for filling a lawsuit; (b) Personas, to define which type of clients could file a lawsuit; (c) Scenarios, to define which interaction (conversations) would be automatically triggered by a chatbot to try to solve client problems, avoiding a lawsuit; and (d) Prototype evaluation, to define the interaction and type of data that would be available to the lawyers through a Web application. Through the lessons learned within this paper and by providing details for its replication, we intend to encourage software companies to combine requirements and design approaches for cost-effective user centered design, especially in decision support intelligent systems.

Empathizing with the software’s future users allows knowledge of their willingness and needs, enabling interfaces more attractive. Similarly, empathizing with autistic users is, above all, understanding their limitations and try to see things and people from their perspective. Despite the importance of the empathizing process, traditional requirements survey methods do not allow this for the autistic audience, mainly for those considered low-functioning. A low-functioning autistic users have a more significant impairment of their skills. Thereby, there is a need for methods that consider their difficulties and support the software requirements elicitation process for autistic users. Therefore, this paper proposes the ACF (Autistic’s Characterization Form), composed of sections representing the four areas of impairment of an autistic person. With the ACF, we provide a set of characteristics representing enough information to support generating empathy between a designer and an autistic person during the requirements gathering phase. We also present a graph called AOG (Autistic’s Overview Graph), which shows the disability rate of the autistic person in each area of limitation of the disorder. Through this work, we intend to support interface designers willing to build empathy during the user interfaces’ requirements elicitation and creation processes.

As the number of mobile devices has increased, software development teams have focused on releasing mobile applications, allowing users to carry out transactions, access information and improve their lifestyle more efficiently. Nevertheless, even when providing useful means for carrying out daily tasks, users report dissatisfaction or frustration when using these applications. For energy companies, mobile applications that fail to provide both usefulness and ease of use may reduce their adoption and an increase in the company’s workload, as users will require company workers to solve problems they could solve on their own. In this paper, we report how we applied exploratory testing and ad-hoc usability inspection to identify improvement opportunities during the development of a mobile application that would allow users to measure their power consumption, supporting social distancing in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. After identified a set of functional and usability problems, the development team redesigned the application, which was perceived as both useful and easy to use from the point of view of the managers that requested it. Also, we report lessons learned that are useful for practitioners willing to replicate this experience.

The advances in Machine Learning (ML) require software organizations to evolve their development processes in order to improve the quality of ML systems. Within the software development process, the testing stage of an ML system is more critical, considering that it is necessary to add data validation, trained model quality evaluation, and model validation to traditional unit, integration tests and system tests. In this paper, we focus on reporting the lessons learned of using model testing and exploratory testing within the context of the agile development process of an ML system that predicts lawsuits proneness in energy supply companies. Through the development of the project, the SCRUM agile methodology was applied and activities related to the development of the ML model and the development of the end-user application were defined. After the testing process of the ML model, we managed to achieve 93.89 accuracy; 95.58 specificity; 88.84 sensitivity; and 87.09 precision. Furthermore, we focused on the quality of use of the application embedding the ML model, by carrying out exploratory testing. As a result, through several iterations, different types of defects were identified and corrected. Our lessons learned support software engineers willing to develop ML systems that consider both the ML model and the end-user application.

Personas has been an important support mechanism in interfaces design. They represent, hypothetically, behavior synthesis, main characteristics, motivations and expectations of real users. Through Personas, empathy can be generated between interface designers and future software end-users. However, when these end users are autistic, this challenge is even bigger due to the lack of specific knowledge of some designers / developers on the autism subject. Another reason is the fact that low functioning autistic users (the audience selected for this research) have difficulty expressing themselves verbally. This work presents the PersonAut, which is a specific Personas Model for autistic individuals. Our goal is to support the designer / developer in the interface design activity so that they can create empathy in order to meet the needs of the autistic users. The main contribution of the PersonAut is to make the personas design faster and easier, in the context of software development for autistic people, through the use of diverse and specialized data sources for autistic individuals.

The teaching of Software Engineering (SE) has become challenging due to the large amount of content taught and the constant evolution of the software industry, directly impacting the requirements necessary to apply for a position in the area of Information Technology (IT). In this context, it is clear that students of computer courses still find it difficult to know how to prepare for the job market, and Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) may have difficulties in aligning themselves with market expectations with their syllabus in SE. This paper aims to provide a holistic view of the teaching-learning process, involving the views of students, HEIs and IT companies in the context of the state of Maranhao; and to propose reflections on the current state of the education to complement the contents and methodologies applied in the classroom with the needs of the local industry. To do so, three activities were carried out: (1) mapping expectations and evaluating higher education from the students' point of view; (2) analysis of higher education disciplines in higher education institutions in the state of Maranhao in Brazil; and (3) survey of expectations of the IT market considering the vacancies disclosed in relation to the SE area in the state of Maranhao. The results indicate a partial fulfillment of the demand regarding the taught topics related to SE from the local industry by the HEIs. In addition, there is a need to improve the teaching-learning methodological processes, focusing on practical activities and the learning of teamwork skills, in addition to knowledge in software development.

Pneumonia is highly dangerous for children and is the disease that most kill for those under 5 years. For rapid diagnosis, it is common to require chest x-ray, which is a difficult image for reading and interpret, requiring an expert physician. It is important to provide computational methods to help exam interpretation or enhance important information. This paper proposes an approach of transfer learning to automatic semantic segmentation of lungs in a pediatric chest x-ray image based on knowledge acquire in other datasets. The results are promising and reaches 0.917 of Dice using U-Net combined with InceptionV3 in a chest x-ray dataset without lung annotation.

Risks in several categories such as: tasks, technology, people, among others, can affect the management of software development projects, since risky situations can occur in any type of project. Therefore, risk management is a vital activity that allows carrying out strategic planning that reduces the probability of occurrence and the negative impact of the risks, leading to the success of the project and the development of quality computer systems. Risk Management is one of the topics taught in introductory and advanced classes of software engineering, commonly addressed through lectures and case discussions. New learning objects, such as serious games, can also be applied to assist in teaching risk management. This paper presents the proposal of the game Risking (Arriscando in Portuguese), a card game that motivates the student to relate risks of software projects with possible solutions. To obtain empirical evidence regarding the learning and experience evoked by the game, we used the game in three software engineering classes. To evaluate the game, we applied the MEEGA+ questionnaire and a Focus Group dynamic. The results suggest that the game was well accepted, and that the students approved the dynamic used, the social interaction and the learning through an entertaining activity.

Estimates in software projects aim to help practitioners predict more realistic values on software development, impacting the quality of software process activities regarding planning and execution. However, software companies have difficulties when carrying out estimations that represent adequately the real effort needed to execute the software project activities. Although, the literature presents techniques to estimate effort, this activity remains complex. Recently, Machine Learning (ML) techniques are been applied to solve this problem. Through ML techniques it is possible to use databases of finished projects (datasets) to help get more precisely estimations. This research aims to propose a methodology to estimate effort using a ML technique based on decision trees: XGBoost. To evaluate our methodology, we conducted tests with four datasets using two metrics: Mean Magnitude Relative Error and Prediction(25). The preliminary results show consistent results for this methodology for software effort estimation based on the employed metrics, which indicates that our methodology is promising. As further work, new datasets must be analyzed using our methodology, and also an approach using synthetic data to improve the ML training.

Diversas aplicações de software vêm modificando o estilo de vida das pessoas em aspectos tecnológicos e sociais. Um conjunto dessas aplicações possibilitam a criação das chamadas Cidades Inteligentes (CIs). Assim como qualquer outro tipo de aplicação, estas aplicações precisam ser avaliadas para garantir uma qualidade adequada e fornecer uma melhor experiência aos usuários. Contudo, aplicações no contexto de CIs podem conter caracterı́sticas tecnológicas especı́ficas que não são avaliadas em aplicações tradicionais, tais como aspectos de interoperabilidade e mudança de contexto da aplicação de acordo com a alteração do ambiente do usuário. Desta forma, este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a avaliação de duas caracterı́sticas de qualidade relevantes para CIs (sensibilidade ao contexto e calmness). Adicionalmente, apresentamos uma discussão sobre essas caracterı́sticas e suas métricas em relação aos aspectos humanos da interação com a aplicação.

Objetivo: determinar a expressão de neurotrofinas e seus receptores tirosina quinases em pacientes com osteossarcoma (OS) e sua correlação com desfechos clínicos. Métodos: biópsias de tumores primários de pacientes com OS tratados em uma única instituição, consecutivamente, entre 2002 e 2015, foram analisados através de imuno-histoquímica para expressão de receptores de tirosina quinase A e B (TrKA e TrKB), fator de crescimento neural (NGF) e fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF). De forma independente, dois patologistas classificaram os marcadores de imuno-histoquímica como negativos (negativos e focais fracos) ou positivos (moderado focal/difuso ou forte focal/difuso). Resultados: foram analisados dados de 19 pacientes (10 do sexo feminino e 9 do masculino) com mediana de idade de 12 anos (5 a 17,3 anos). Dos tumores, 83,3% estavam localizados em membros inferiores e 63,2% dos pacientes eram metastáticos ao diagnóstico. A sobrevida global em cinco anos foi de 55,3%. BDNF foi positivo em 16 pacientes (84%) e NGF em 14 pacientes (73%). TrKA e TrKB apresentaram coloração positiva em quatro (21,1%) e oito (42,1%) pacientes, respectivamente. A análise de sobrevida não demonstrou diferença significativa entre receptores TrK e neurotrofinas. Conclusão: amostras de OS primário expressam neurotrofinas e receptores TrK através de imuno-histoquímica. Estudos futuros podem auxiliar na identificação do papel das mesmas na patogênese do OS e determinar se há possível correlação prognóstica. Objective: to determine the expression of neurotrophins and their tyrosine-kinase receptors in patients with osteosarcoma (OS) and their correlation with clinical outcomes. Methods: we applied immunohistochemistry to biopsy specimens of patients consecutively treated for primary OS at a single institution between 2002 and 2015, analyzing them for expression receptors of tyrosine kinase A and B (TrKA and TrKB), neural growth factor (NGF) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Independently, two pathologists classified the immunohistochemical markers as negative (negative or weak focal) or positive (moderate focal/diffuse or strong focal/diffuse). Results: we analyzed data from 19 patients (10 females and 9 males), with median age of 12 years (5 to 17.3). Tumors’ location were 83.3% in the lower limbs, and 63.2% of patients had metastases at diagnosis. Five-year overall survival was 55.3%. BDNF was positive in 16 patients (84%) and NGF in 14 (73%). TrKA and TrKB presented positive staining in four (21,1%) and eight (42,1%) patients, respectively. Survival analysis showed no significant difference between TrK receptors and neurotrophins. Conclusion: primary OS samples express neurotrophins and TrK receptors by immunohistochemistry. Future studies should explore their role in OS pathogenesis and determine their prognostic significance in larger cohorts.

Objective The objective of this study was to describe the clinicopathological, molecular, and prognostic features of oral/oropharyngeal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and high-grade B-cell lymphoma. Study Design All cases were retrieved from 7 Brazilian institutions. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed to confirm the diagnoses and to categorize the tumors. In situ hybridization was used to detect Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to identify gene rearrangements. Results Most cases involved the oral cavity (76.8%). Males and females, with a mean age of 60 years, were evenly affected. Tumors mostly presented as painful swellings. Forty cases represented germinal center B-cell type (58%). Five cases presented double-hit translocation and 3 harbored rearrangement for MYC/BCL2/BCL6. EBV was detected in 3 cases (4.3%). The 5-year overall survival was 44.4%. Female sex, presence of pain and ulcer, microscopic “starry sky pattern” and necrosis, co-expression of c-Myc/Bcl2, and translocation of MYC were associated with a lower survival in univariate analysis (P = .05, P = .01, P = .01, P = .03, P = .05, P = .006, P = .05, respectively). Conclusion Patients affected by oral/oropharyngeal DLBCL have a low survival rate. High-grade B-cell lymphoma (17.7%) and EBV‐positive DLBCL, not otherwise specified (4.3%) account for a small number of cases.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary neoplasm of the bone, typically affecting the metaphysis of femur or tibia in children or young adults. Metastasis of osteosarcoma in the oral cavity is rare. An 18-year-old male presented gingiva swelling with 1-month duration. Medical history revealed osteosarcoma in femur diagnosed in 2016 with metastasis in lung, mediastinum, and tibia. Intraorally, a lobulated nodule with ulcerative surface, measuring 2.0 x 2.0 cm was observed in left buccal and lingual attached gingiva surrounding teeth 37 and 38. The diagnostic hypothesis included non-neoplastic reactive lesions and metastasis of osteosarcoma. An incisional biopsy was performed, and histopathological diagnosis was compatible with osteosarcoma. The patient maintained palliative chemotherapy; however, he died 2 months after the metastasis diagnosis due to osteosarcoma complications.

American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis that promote cutaneous and mucosal lesions. It represents a parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania sp., transmitted by the bite of naturally infected sandflies of the genus Lutzomyia. A 51-year-old male patient attended the medical service reporting weight loss, hoarseness, hemoptysis, dysphagia, and dyspnea. Clinical and videolaryngoscopic examination revealed an ulcerated, granulomatous, friable lesion, extending to the soft palate, nasopharynx, and supraglottic larynx. Patient reported 1-year evolution, with no response to previous antifungal treatment. In medical history, patient described having had leishmaniasis 30 years ago. The hypotheses of diagnosis were fungal/parasitic infection, malignant neoplasm, and autoimmune disease. Incisional biopsy was performed, with the presence of extra and intracellular Leishmania parasites in the microscopic analysis. Fungi and bacteria analysis were negative. Treatment with liposomal Amphotericin B was proposed; however, patient refused treatment and requested hospital discharge.

A 23-year-old man presented with facial asymmetry without symptoms. The panoramic radiographic revealed a unilocular radiolucent area in the jaw associated tooth elements floating inside the lesion without root resorption. Tomographic examination presented cortical reabsorption. Diagnostic hypotheses were keratocyst odontogenic (KO), ameloblastoma or other odontogenic tumor. Partial biopsy was performed because of extensive lesion. During the surgery, macroscopy appearance was friable capsule with an elastic, yellow, and consisted mass. The histologic analysis show presence of cystic cavity coated by orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with prominent granular layer in addition to the presence of dense fibrous connective tissue capsule. Histologic diagnosis was orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC). For a long time OOC was defined as an uncommon variant of the KO and just in 2005, the World Health Organization considered distinct pathologic entities because of molecular differences, biological behavior, and relapse rates.

e22081 Background: Targeting the hedgehog (HH) protein family pathway has consistently shown activity in locally advanced and metastatic BCC. Itraconazole is an affordable agent with known toxicity profile that demonstrates in vitro HH signaling inhibition, suggesting a possible role in BCC treatment. Initial results of a phase 2 study designed to investigate efficacy of Itraconazole as neoadjuvant treatment in patients with resectable BCC are reported. Methods: Eligible pts had biopsy-proven resectable BCC, ECOG PS 0-3, adequate organ function and measurable disease. Dosing of I consisted of 200mg twice daily for 60 days followed by surgery. Simon two-stage design was used to test a null rate of 5% vs. 20% (power = 0.80; α = 0.05, unilateral). If ≥1 of 13 pts in stage 1 have objective response (OR) according to RECIST 1.1 criteria, 14 more pts will be enrolled. If ≥4 of 27 pts have OR, the treatment is worthy of further study. Secondary endpoints include safety and change in Ki-67 and Gli1. Results: Thirteen pts with 14 measurable lesions enrolled from Jan/2018 to Feb/2019; 1 pt was not evaluable, but was included in safety analysis. Demographics and outcomes are summarized in Table. After 60 days of treatment, all patients had R0 resection as primary planned and 1 (8.3%) PR was observed. There were no progressions during the study. OR rate was 8.3%. No grade 3 AE or SAE were reported. 6 pts had grade 1 or 2 AEs at least possibly related to I including depression, headache, GPT elevation, diarrhea, abdominal pain and bilirubin elevation. Conclusions: Itraconazole showed initial anti-tumor activity in pts with resectable BCC, no safety concerns were observed. Study will proceed to Simon’s second stage. Clinical Trial Information: NCT03972748 , 47011715.0.0000.5327 . [Table: see text]

A 45-year-old man presented with an extensive gingival growing disseminated in the jaws, leading to limitations with eating, talking, and mouth closure. The diagnostic hypothesis was lymphoma. A test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was positive. An incisional biopsy was performed and histopathologic analysis was compatible with lymphocytic malignant neoplasm (unspecified). At subsequent immunohistochemical analysis, a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was rendered. The patient was referred to a hematologist and started on chemotherapy. Initially, a significant clinical improvement was seen and the patient remains under treatment. The patient is in clinical and radiographic control, without mouth lesions. The World Health Organization classifies lymphomas into Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Based on morphologic aspects and immunohistochemistry, these tumors may be classified as B-cell, T-cell, and natural killer cell type. The B-cell origin comprises about of 85% of lymphomas and presents immunoreactivity for markers like CD20 and CD79a.

A 32-year-old white woman was referred for evaluation of palate lesion with 3 months’ duration. Medical history included recent investigation for tuberculosis due to the presence of nodules detected on chest radiograph and previous treatment for syphilis. The patient exam revealed nasal obstruction, cough, secretion drainage, and weight loss. Extraoral examination showed erythema and edema in the face. Moreover, erosive lesions, crusts and purulent drainage were observed in the nasal area. Intraorally, an extensive necrotic lesion with bone destruction and exposure, midline palatal perforation was detected. Differential diagnosis included tertiary syphilis, leishmaniosis, tuberculosis, deep mycosis, Wegener granulomatosis, maxillary sinus carcinoma, and T-cell/natural killer (T/NK) lymphoma. Hematologic tests were negative for infectious diseases. Incisional biopsy followed by histopathologic examination revealed an unspecified malignant neoplasm. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was positive in the sample. T/NK lymphoma diagnosis was supported by morphologic aspects and immunohistochemical profile. Treatment comprised radiotherapy, and a partial remission was observed. The patient remains under follow-up care.

A 63-year-old white male presented with maxillary gingival swelling for a 6-month duration. Medical history revealed diabetes and hypertension. Extraoral examination was noncontributory. Intraoral exam showed a red bleeding lobulated nodule measuring 5.0 × 3.0 cm in the left maxillary gingiva. The presumptive diagnosis was nonneoplastic reactive lesion. An incisional biopsy was performed and histopathologic diagnosis was unspecific malignant neoplasm. The initial immunohistochemical panel was inconclusive. The panoramic radiography showed extensive bone destruction in the left maxilla. Abdominal and chest computed tomography (CT) revealed lesions in the liver, kidney, and lung. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the central nervous system (CNS) showed nodules in left parietal lobe. An ultrasound-guided biopsy of the right kidney confirmed the diagnosis of clear cell renal carcinoma, with metastasis to the liver, lung, CNS, and oral cavity. The treatment combined surgery, palliative chemotherapy, and radiotherapy with partial remission of the lesions. The patient remains under treatment.

A 23-year-old woman was referred with maxillary swelling for a 6-month duration. In her medical history, the patient revealed a surgery for ameloblastoma 8 years earlier. Extraoral examination revealed a swelling over the right side of face, lifting her lip and nose. Intraorally, a firm, reddish, nodular swelling involving the right maxilla was observed. Computed tomography (CT) showed a hypodense image invading the right maxilla, maxillary sinus, and nasal fossa. An incisional biopsy was performed, followed by histopathologic examination and immunohistochemical panel, which led to the diagnosis of ameloblastic carcinoma. The patient underwent a total resection of the lesion and an immediate obturator prosthesis was placed. Four months after the surgery, the patient was rehabilitated with a temporary obturator and no recurrence was detected.

Software requirements engineering is the process of discovering, analyzing, documenting and verifying information systems' requirements and restrictions. Traditionally, requirements identification is performed with the presence of end-users. Nevertheless, in the context of mobile applications, there may be difficulty in contacting future end-users. Requirements elicitation techniques such as personas and empathy map can be applied in such context, allowing analysts to better understand end-users. However, such techniques are criticized due to the lack of scientific basis, difficulty in application, and risks in describing false users. In order to improve the reliability of those techniques, this paper proposes the use of social networks as a source of information to support these requirements elicitation techniques. We developed an application for fighting depression from requirements that were derived based on personas and empathy map together with the analysis of data from social networks. Our results show a positive end-user validation regarding the representation of a persona that suffers from depression based on social network data. Also, requirements elicitation can be applied for identifying end-users' needs when developing such software applications.

User Experience (UX) is an important attribute for the success and quality of a software application. UX explores how an application is used and the emotional and behavioral consequences of such use. Although several UX evaluation methods allow understanding the reasons for a poor UX, some of them are tedious or too intrusive, making the evaluation unpleasant. This paper presents the Method for the Assessment of eXperience (MAX), which through cards and a board assists software engineers in gathering UX data while motivating users to report their experience. We conducted two pilot studies to verify the feasibility of MAX, which showed that the method is useful for evaluating the UX of finished/prototyped applications from the point of view of users and software engineers.

Background: The American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) published, in Nov/2013, the interpretive guidelines for HER2 testing of breast cancer patients. This aimed to improve the accuracy of HER2 testing and its utility as a predictive marker in invasive breast cancer. The former version of these criteria was written in 2007. Objectives: to compare the HER2 immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis using the 2007 versus 2013 algorithms in a cohort of breast cancer cases diagnosed in a single institution in Southern Brazil. The cases were previously classified as HER2 1+ or 2+, using the 2007 criteria. Methods: the sample included 100 invasive breast cancer cases. The HercepTest (Dako, Denmark) was used for determination of HER2 expression. The HER2 testing was analyzed independently by two pathologists. The FISH analysis was done using a HER2/D17Z1 probe set. Preliminary Results: The HER2 IHC interpretation changed in 11/69 (15.9%) cases: 8.7% negative or equivocal cases by the 2007 guidelines were positive by the 2013 classification and 7.2% of HER2 1+ cases became equivocal (p Citation Format: Juliana Giacomazzi, Carolina R Hartmann, Diego D Paskulin, Luis Fernando Rivero, Maira Caleffi, Alessandro C Pasqualotto, Marcia S Graudenz, Daniela D Rosa. The ASCO/CAP guideline update for HER2 testing increases the number of breast cancer patients eligible for HER2-targeted therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-15-22.

This paper presents the software framework established to facilitate cloud-hosted robot simulation. The framework addresses the challenges associated with conducting a task-oriented and real-time robot competition, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Virtual Robotics Challenge (VRC), designed to mimic reality. The core of the framework is the Gazebo simulator, a platform to simulate robots, objects, and environments, as well as the enhancements made for the VRC to maintain a high fidelity simulation using a high degree of freedom and multisensor robot. The other major component used is the CloudSim tool, designed to enhance the automation of robotics simulation using existing cloud technologies. The results from the VRC and a discussion are also detailed in this work.

User eXperience (UX) refers to quality attributes related to the feelings and emotions of the users. In order to evaluate UX, several technologies (tools, methods, techniques, others) have been proposed that range from using questionnaires to employing biometrics. However, it is essential to characterize UX evaluation technologies to obtain evidence on the contexts in which using a specific technology can provide better evaluation results. In this paper, we present the state of the art on how to evaluate the UX of software applications. We performed a systematic mapping study with an initial sample of 2101 papers from which 227 relevant papers describing UX evaluation technologies have been identified. The results suggest that there is a need for specific UX evaluation technologies that are easy and comfortable to use from the point of view of users, while supporting practitioners in the correction of the aspects that cause poor experiences.

Network intrusion detection is one of the most visible uses for Big Data analytics. One of the main problems in this application is the constant rise of new attacks. This scenario, characterized by the fact that not enough labeled examples are available for the new classes of attacks is hardly addressed by traditional machine learning approaches. New findings on the capabilities of Zero-Shot learning (ZSL) approach makes it an interesting solution for this problem because it has the ability to classify instances of unseen classes. ZSL has inherently two stages: the attribute learning and the inference stage. In this paper we propose a new algorithm for the attribute learning stage of ZSL. The idea is to learn new values for the attributes based on decision trees (DT). Our results show that based on the rules extracted from the DT a better distribution for the attribute values can be found. We also propose an experimental setup for the evaluation of ZSL on network intrusion detection (NID).

Usability and UX (User eXperience) are some of the most important factors for evaluating the quality of mobile applications. They focus on how easy to use an application is and the emotions that such use evokes. However, these aspects are often evaluated separately in industry through different evaluation techniques. Although it is possible to identify more usability and UX problems by employing different UX and usability evaluation methods, this distributed approach may not be cost effective and may not allow to thoroughly explore the identified issues. In order to support the identification of both UX and usability problems in a single evaluation, we have proposed Userbility, an UX and usability inspection technique that allows evaluating these aspects in mobile applications. This paper presents an empirical study over the second version of Userbility to verify its feasibility. In this study, we compared Userbility with the UX and Usability Guidelines Approach (UUGA) that helps the evaluation of usability and UX separately in mobile applications. According to the quantitative results, considering efficiency, UUGA was better than the Userbility technique. However, the qualitative results suggest that Userbility pointed more improvement suggestions, which could be useful for redesigning the evaluated application. the emotions, perceptions and judgements of an application. Therefore, software development teams willing to increase the quality in use of the developed mobile applications need to evaluate both of them. To evaluate usability and UX together, in our previous work (13), we developed Userbility in order to support inspectors in the evaluation of both UX and usability in mobile applications at the same time, to assess whether Userbility can support inspectors in detecting usability and UX problems. Nascimento et al. (13) conducted a study with five mobile applications. The results showed that it is possible to identify improvements in applications, and allowed us to identify problems during the use of the technique. Based on this, in this paper, we proposed a new version of the technique and an empirical study to evaluate the feasibility of Userbility. We have compared the Userbility to an approach proposed by De Paula et al. (5), which evaluates UX and usability separately. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section II presents a background on UX and usability evaluation techniques that can be applied to evaluate mobile applications. Then, Section III shows the Userbility technique in its second version. Section IV presents the empirical study where we compared Userbility with another evaluation approach. In Section V, we present the results of the empirical study. Finally, Section VI presents our conclusions and future work.

The User Experience UX of a software product is influenced by pragmatic and hedonic aspects, and it is necessary to choose a UX evaluation method that takes both of these aspects into account. In this paper, we report on the lessons learned from applying different UX evaluation methods 3E, 3E*, SAM, MAX, EM, Think Aloud, and Observation in prototyping a multi-user mobile application. We analyzed the different methods in terms of: i the type of problems they identified, ii their contribution to improve the prototype in each development phase, iii encountered difficulties when applying the method, and iv encountered difficulties when analyzing the results of the method. We found that SAM and MAX were the easiest methods to apply and also to analyze their results. They are best used to identify hedonic problems, as is EM, whereas Think Aloud, EM and 3E* best identify pragmatic ones.

A defence of repertam as lectio difficilior on the basis of Virgil’s linguistic usage and his literary and imitative models for this passage.

User Experience (UX) is one of the most important attributes for the success and quality of a software product. UX explores how a person uses an application, and the emotional and behavioral consequences of such use. Although several UX evaluation methods allow gathering information on the reasons for a poor UX, some of them tend to make users feel uncomfortable, such as asking direct questions to shy users. This paper presents our proposal for evaluating UX, the Method for the Assessment of eXperience (MAX), which through cards and a board intends to motivate users to report their experience. The MAX method does not require experienced evaluators for performing the evaluation. Instead, this method is intended at software engineers willing to obtain data on UX and make users feel comfortable during the evaluation. To verify the feasibility of the MAX method from the point of view of users, we conducted a pilot study. The results showed that the MAX method has proven useful for evaluating the UX of finished or prototyped software applications. Also, we have made improvements in the method to meet users' needs when reporting their experience, and gathering data on factors affecting the UX.

Collaborative programming is an important pedagogical tool in computer science higher education. In this context, Pair Programming has been established as an effective practice for teaching programming. In addition, Coding Dojo has recently emerged as a collaborative group practice that uses Pair Programming as a mechanism to allow everyone to participate. However, both Pair Programming and Coding Dojo are rarely used in different types of programming tasks such as front-end programming tasks. In this paper, we present an empirical study comparing Pair Programming and Coding Dojo in the teaching of mock-ups development. Our goal was to evaluate both practices regarding three dimensions: motivation, user experience and learning perceived by students. The results showed that Pair Programming was well accepted by the students with positive results in all three dimensions. Moreover, although Coding Dojo has presented positive results in the leaning process, students reported several challenges related to motivation and user experience.

Ninety-one Helicobacter pylori-positive patients with nonulcer dyspepsia were randomized to receive either lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin or lansoprazole and placebo. A validated questionnaire assessed dyspeptic symptoms at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months. Endoscopies and biopsies were performed at baseline and at 3 and 12 months. There was an overall trend, although not statistically significant, for a benefit of H. pylori eradication. Of the patients in the antibiotics group, 16 of 46 (35%) had symptomatic improvement, versus 9 of 43 (21%) in the control group (P = 0.164). In a secondary analysis, it was found that of the patients without endoscopic gastric erosions, 15 of 34 (44%) in the antibiotics group and 5 of 33 (15%) of controls had symptomatic improvement (P = 0.015). Helicobacter pylori eradication did not prove to be clinically beneficial, although a tendency to symptomatic benefit was detected. Further studies are necessary to confirm the implications of endoscopic gastric erosions in these patients.

Web flow is an optimal perceived user experience which improves the user orientation and navigational behaviors towards Web applications. In order for Web applications to achieve Web flow in terms of navigation, it is necessary to enhance their degree of user interaction. However, despite their importance, user interaction features that can improve ease of use and navigation are mostly evaluated late in development. This paper presents practical findings from applying proposed Design Usability Evaluation (DUE) technologies. Such technologies allow the usability inspection of Web applications mockups to reduce the cost of identifying and fixing navigation and ease of use problems early in the development process. We planned an empirical study to evaluate: (a) the capability of applying these technologies without training, and (b) the perceived ease of use and utility of the technologies, using the Technology Acceptance Model. The results show that the DUE technologies could be used without training to find problems affecting navigation and ease of use of Web applications. Also, practitioners agreed that using the DUE technologies could enhance their performance during an inspection. Finally, we provide a list of some of the identified user interaction problems that, if avoided, could aid in the improvement of Web flow.

Usability is one of the most important factors that determine the quality of Web applications, which can be verified performing usability inspection. This paper presents the Web Design Usability Evaluation (Web DUE) technique, which allows the identification of usability problems in low-fidelity prototypes (or mockups) of Web applications during the design phases of the development. We have also proposed the Mockup Design Usability Evaluation (Mockup DUE) tool which is able to assist inspectors using the Web DUE technique. In order to verify the feasibility of these technologies, we have performed two empirical studies. During the first study, we compared the effectiveness and efficiency indicators of the Web DUE technique with the ones of its predecessor, the Web Design Perspective (WDP) based usability inspection technique. Also, during the second study, experienced inspectors used the Mockup DUE tool and answered a questionnaire aiming at identifying improvement opportunities in its design. The analysis of the quantitative data showed that the Web DUE technique allowed the identification of more usability problems in lesser time when compared to the WDP technique. Moreover, the qualitative data from the second empirical study provided information on the tool’s perceived ease of use, indicating that inspectors were satisfied and that they would use it to perform a usability inspection with the Web DUE technique. These results showed that the DUE technologies could be applied in the identification of usability problems early in the design of Web applications. Thus, their use could enable the correction of such problems before the source code of the application is written.

Usability is one of the most relevant quality aspects in Web applications. A Web application is usable if it provides a friendly, direct and easy to understand interface. Many Usability Inspection Methods (UIMs) have been proposed as a cost effective way to enhance usability. However, many companies are not aware of these UIMs and consequently, are not using them. A secondary study can identify, evaluate and interpret all data that is relevant to the current knowledge available regarding UIMs that have been used to evaluate Web applications in the past few decades. Therefore, we have extended a systematic mapping study about Usability Evaluation Methods by analyzing 26 of its research papers from which we extracted and categorized UIMs. We provide practitioners and researches with the rationale to understand both the strengths and weaknesses of the emerging UIMs for the Web. Furthermore, we have summarized the relevant information of the UIMs, which suggested new ideas or theoretical basis regarding usability inspection in the Web domain. In addition, we present a new UIM and a tool for Web usability inspection starting from the results shown in this paper. Usabilidade é um dos fatores de maior relevância em Aplicações Web. Uma aplicação Web usável proporciona uma interface amigável, direta e fácil de entender. Vários métodos de inspeção de usabilidade (Usability Inspection Methods - UIMs) têm sido propostos como uma forma de baixo custo e alto benefício para a melhoria da usabilidade. No entanto, muitas empresas não os conhecem e, portanto não os utilizam. Um estudo secundário pode identificar, avaliar e interpretar dados relevantes sobre o conhecimento disponível relacionado a UIMs que têm sido usados para avaliar aplicações Web nas últimas décadas. Este artigo apresenta a extensão de um mapeamento sistemático sobre Métodos de Avaliação de Usabilidade, com a análise de 26 artigos dos quais UIMs foram extraídos e categorizados. Os resultados desta pesquisa oferecem, tanto à academia quanto à indústria, informações para entender as vantagens e desvantagens da utilização de cada um dos UIMs emergentes para a Web. Além disso, foi feito um resumo de cada método, para fornecer ideias de pesquisa e uma base teórica para inspeção de aplicações Web. Finalmente, com base nos resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa, são apresentadas uma técnica de inspeção de usabilidade, e uma ferramenta para apoiar a sua aplicação.

The objective of this study was to verify the frequency of p53 and BCL-2 immunohistochemical expression in patients with endometrial carcinoma and to correlate it with histological factors (histological type, tumor grade, depth of myometrial invasion, lymph node involvement and surgical staging) and survival. Forty-eight patients with endometrial carcinoma who were submitted to primary surgical treatment were assessed. p53 and BCL-2 immunohistochemical expression was determined using paraffin blocks containing the tumor area. p53 and BCL-2 expression was detected in 39.6% and 58.3% of the tumors, respectively. No significant difference was found regarding the frequency of p53 expression when analyzing histological type (33.3% in endometrioid tumors, 58.3% in non-endometrioid tumors; p = 0.176), depth of myometrial invasion (p = 0.632) and surgical staging (I—11.1%, II—66.7%, III—57.1%; p = 0.061). p53 expression was significantly more frequent in undifferentiated tumors (p = 0.007) and in those showing lymph node involvement (p = 0.030). Univariate analysis showed a positive association with death (RR, 3.358; CI, 1.386–8.134; p = 0.005) and short-term survival. The present study did not reveal any correlation between BCL-2 expression and histopathologic markers or survival. In conclusion, this study showed that p53 expression is directly correlated with undifferentiated tumors, lymph-node involvement and risk of death. On the other hand, BCL-2 expression was not correlated with any known histological factors.

Summary Background : The protective role of Helicobacter pylori in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease has been widely discussed. Aim : To assess the risk of reflux oesophagitis in patients with functional dyspepsia after treatment for H. pylori infection. Methods : A randomized, placebo-controlled, investigator-blinded trial was carried out on 157 functional dyspeptic patients. Patients were randomized to receive lansoprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin (antibiotic group) or lansoprazole and identical antibiotic placebos (control group). Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed at baseline, 3 and 12 months after randomization. The primary aim was to detect the presence of reflux oesophagitis. Analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis. Results : A total of 147 patients (94%) and 133 (85%) completed 3 months and 12 months follow-up, respectively. The eradication rate of H. pylori was 90% in the antibiotic group (74 of 82) and 1% (one of 75) in the control group. At 3 months, reflux oesophagitis was diagnosed in 3.7% (three of 82) in the antibiotic group and 4% (three of 75) in the control group (P > 0.2). At 12 months, diagnosis was established in five new cases within the first group and in four within the second (P > 0.2). No difference was found in heartburn symptoms. Conclusions : H. pylori eradication does not cause reflux oesophagitis in this western population of functional dyspeptic patients.

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor of the lung. Approximately 80 cases of PPB have been published, and in only three cases high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was applied. A 5-year-old girl presenting with cough, fever, and shortness of breath was referred to the authors in March 1999. A computed tomography scan of the chest showed a tumor mass in the left hemithorax. The lesion was biopsied and the histopathologic report suggested the diagnosis of PPB. The patient received chemotherapy comprising vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide with only a minor response, and treatment was switched to ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide, which produced a partial response. Tumor resection was performed, but margins were positive for PPB. Due to the high risk of recurrence, the authors elected to administrate high-dose chemotherapy using melphalan, etoposide, and carboplatin, followed by autologous HSCT. The patient achieved complete hematologic recovery, and reimaging after HSCT showed no evidence of disease. She relapsed 4 months later and died about 9 months after the completion of high-dose therapy. The role of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous HSCT is likely to be limited in PPB.

Trabajo presentado a la 6th International Conference on Compute Supported Education, celebrada en Barcelona del 1 al 3 de abril de 2014., The HumanoidLab is a more than 5 year old activity aimed to use educational robots to approach students to our Research Centre. Different commercial educative humanoid platforms have been used to introduce students to different aspects of robotics using projects and offering guidance and assistance. About 40 students have performed small mechanics, electronics or programming projects that are used to improve the robots by adding features. Robotics competitions are used as a motivation tool. A two weeks course was started that has received 80 undergraduate students, and more than 100 secondary school students in a short version. The experience has been very positive for students and for the institution: some of these students have performed their scholar projects and research in robotics and continue enrolled in the robotics field, and some of them are currently in research groups at IRI., The HumanoidLab has been mainly funded by a program of the Polytechnic University of Catalonia devoted to strength department activities with 20KEur.

User eXperience (UX) refers to a holistic perspective and an enrichment of traditional quality models with non-utilitarian concepts, such as fun, joy, pleasure or hedonic value. In order to evaluate UX, several methods have been proposed that range from using questionnaires to employing biometrics to evaluate the users’ emotions. However, few of these UX evaluation methods are comfortable or easy to use from the point of view of users. This paper presents a study in which 10 users applied the Expressing Emotions and Experiences (3E) and EmoCards methods. While 3E provides a template for reporting the experience, the EmoCards provides a set of cards illustrating emotions as helping material. We have analyzed the features that make it easy or difficult for users to employ these methods, the users’ preference and the number of identified problems. Besides showing an application example of the methods to aid software practitioners in future evaluations, we identified that the EmoCards allowed users to identify more problems, but 3E was preferred do to its ease of use and freedom when describing an emotion and its causes.