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Background: Pediculosis is an infestation of lice affecting mostly children and spreads by direct contact with the hair of someone infected. Although topical application of a pediculicide such as permethrin shampoo is the most common cure for head lice, the addition of alternative treatments is necessary due to permethrin resistance and some safety concerns, including irritation, burning sensation, tingling, and breathing problems. Recent studies have indicated that ozone, which is an allotropic form of oxygen, may have anti-pediculosis effects. Objective: This study focused on the evaluation of an ozonated olive oil topical lotion for the treatment of pediculosis and the comparison of its effects with permethrin shampoo. Methods: 121 patients with proven head pediculosis were divided into two groups. They were treated with either topical ozonated olive oil lotion or permethrin shampoo for one week. Results: It was shown that the ozonation process enormously improved the physico-chemical properties of olive oil. Specifically, acid and peroxide values increased 60 fold and 200 fold, respectively, while there was a sharp decline for the iodine index (81.8±1.28 to 0 g iodine per 100 g). Additionally, all patients who received the ozonated olive oil lotion were entirely cured after one week of treatment, while those who were treated with permethrin, required to receive more. Statistical analysis of the data also proved this claim. Conclusion: The prepared lotion has shown significant effects in controlling head lice. Thus, it can be prescribed as an effective anti-pediculosis medicine which is biocompatible and has high potential. Clinical Trial Registration: IRCT registration number of IRCT2017100936672N1 (2017-11-14) https://en.irct.ir/trial/27343.

Essential oil from peels of lemon (Citrus Lumion) fruit had been evaluated for its physiochemical, phytochemical compositions and application in skin-care product. Lemon peel oil, which is one of the under-utilized essential oil was isolated from the matured fruits peel using petroleum ether by soxhlet extraction method. The percentage yield of 3.7 %, for air-dried peels and 2.30 %, for fresh peels are acceptable for most plants essential oils. The ash content of both the dried and fresh peels were 1.42 ± 0.001 and 4.007±0.003. Some phytochemicals like, saponins, flavonoids, terpenes, carbohydrates, tannins, were determined using standard methods. The lemon-peel-oil skin-lotion formulation was carried out by mixing 5 ml of the peel oil sample with corresponding mass of basic lotion compositions, in water base-tank, and homogenously mixed in oil base-tank under 700 C. The pH range(6.30), viscosity, spreadability, and properties of the lotion were compared to the non-lemon-oil lotion and to a commercial grade skin lotion.

The aim. The research was provided to obtain immunohistochemical changes in scalp biopsies of female patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) I-II stages according to the Ludwig scale and to detect possible changes after usage of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections in combination with topical minoxidil 2 % lotion. Materials and methods. Skin biopsies of 30 patients with AGA were examined by immunohistochemistry before and after treatment, which lasted for 3 months and included 3 PRP sessions (once per month) and topical application of minoxidil 2 % lotion twice daily. Results. It was found that AGA is accompanied by inflammatory perifollicular infiltration by T-lymphocytes CD3 +, CD4 + and CD8 +, macrophages (CD68 +); imbalance of growth polypeptides VEGF, TGF-β1, EGFR; accumulation of oxidative stress enzymes eNOS and iNOS; accumulation of pathological fraction of Collagen IV. The use of platelet-rich plasma in combination with topical 2 % minoxidil as AGA therapy leads to the normalization of immunohistochemical parameters of the skin, which indicates the possibility of its use for long-term therapeutic effect. Conclusions. This study supplemented the understanding of the pathogenesis of AGA and serves as the basis for improving treatment regimens for this pathology. But more research is required to further study the pathomorphology of androgenetic alopecia and to standardize the technique of using platelet-rich plasma in patients with this disease.

Objective. To unearth the clinical efficacy of tacrolimus ointment + 3 % boric acid lotion joint Chinese angelica decoction in chronic perianal eczema. Methods. Patients with chronic perianal eczema admitted to hospital from June 2018 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients in the control group ( n = 38 ) underwent basic therapy with tacrolimus ointment + 3 % boric acid lotion, whereas those in the observation group ( n = 38 ) were given oral Chinese angelica decoction on the basis of the above therapy. Patient’s baseline information before therapy and clinical symptoms after therapy were observed and compared, including pruritus ani score, anus drainage and damp score, skin lesion score, skin lesion area score, life quality index score, and IL-2, IL-4, and IgE levels in serum. Overall efficacy in the two groups was also evaluated. Results. No significant differences were found in the baseline information between the observation group and control group before therapy. After therapy, pruritus ani score ( P = 0.023 ), anus drainage and damp score ( P = 0.041 ), skin lesion score ( P = 0.025 ), and skin lesion area score ( P = 0.035 ) of patients in the observation group were remarkably lower than those in the control group. Significantly higher release levels of clinical symptoms of patients in the observation group were indicated. With respect to the control group, the life quality score ( P = 0.020 ) and IgE level in serum ( P = 0.003 ) of patients in the observation group were significantly lower, while IL-4 level in serum was significantly higher ( P = 0.129 ). The therapy in the observation group achieved better clinical efficacy. Overall efficacy in the observation group was markedly favorable with respect to the control group. Conclusion. With respect to tacrolimus ointment + 3 % boric acid lotion, patients with chronic perianal eczema displayed better clinical efficacy after jointly being treated by Chinese angelica decoction.

BACKGROUND Telogen effluvium is a hair loss disorder occurring about 3 months after a triggering event. The acute form impairs quality of life, but spontaneous recovery usually begins 3-6 months after identification and elimination of the cause, with complete recovery taking around 12 months. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness and safety of a hair lotion containing creatine, acetyl tetrapeptide-2 and B vitamins for reducing hair loss in acute telogen effluvium. METHODS In this open, randomized, controlled study (NCT04652232), women with acute telogen effluvium from two clinical centres were randomly allocated to receive either the lotion and a mild shampoo (intervention group), or the mild shampoo alone (controls). Hair growth parameters and hair loss were measured from phototrichograms at weeks (W) 1, 4, 8 and 16, and through investigator assessments of standardized photographs at W1 and W16. The primary criterion was the change in anagen to telogen (A/T) ratio between W1 and W16. RESULTS One hundred women (aged 19-50 years) were included (intervention group, N = 51; controls, N = 49). Compared to baseline, the A/T ratio was higher at W16 in both groups and was significantly higher at both W4 and W8 in the intervention group, compared to only at W8 in controls. Significant decreases in telogen hair density were seen at all time points in the intervention group, compared to only at W16 in controls, and the between-group difference was significant at W8 (P = 0.0465). A larger reduction in the total number of hairs shed was observed at W8 in the intervention group (P = 0.0392). Investigator-assessed scores showed improvements in hair density for the intervention group. Global tolerance of the lotion was excellent. CONCLUSIONS The lotion tested had a significant impact on hair loss in women with acute telogen effluvium and appeared to accelerate recovery from this condition.

Due to threats posed by Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs) and accidents with Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TICs), the need for highly effective skin decontamination remains relevant. Reactive Skin Decontamination Lotion (RSDL), composed of Dekon 139 and 2,3-butanedione monoxime, has been shown highly effective against CWAs and TICs. This systematic review compares RSDL efficacy to other decontaminating agents. Online search engines PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were explored, and all literature containing quantitative data, comparing RSDL to other decontaminating agents, investigated. Year of publication, type of study (in vitro or in vivo), model (animal or human), toxin tested, and result of each relevant article were recorded. In total, 15 relevant papers, comprising a total of 18 experimental models, were identified. Nine studies concluded that RSDL was the most effective decontaminant tested against the toxin of interest. Four studies concluded that RSDL was not the most effective decontaminant tested against the toxin of interest. The remaining 5 studies concluded RSDL displayed similar efficacy to at least one of the other decontaminating agents tested against the toxin of interest. There is substantial evidence supporting the efficacy of RSDL as a decontaminating agent. However, there remains to be insufficient data on this important topic, and limitations on the usefulness of current data, when applied to the broad array of potential exposures.

Background Topical retinoids are recommended for acne treatment, but their use may be limited by irritation or dermatitis. Herein is an overview of the dermal sensitization, safety, tolerability, and participant satisfaction data from phase-1, -2, and -3 studies of lower-dose tazarotene 0.045% polymeric emulsion lotion. Methods Two phase-1, single-blind, vehicle-controlled dermal safety studies were conducted in healthy participants aged ≥18 years. One phase-2 (NCT02938494) and two phase-3 studies (NCT03168334; NCT03168321) were double-blind, randomized, and vehicle-controlled over 12 weeks in participants aged ≥9 years (≥12 years, phase-2) with moderate-to-severe acne. Results A total of 2029 participants (tazarotene 0.045% lotion or vehicle) were included across the 5 studies (safety populations: n = 1982). In the phase-1 studies, tazarotene had a low potential for irritancy/contact dermatitis and did not induce sensitization. In all studies, tazarotene lotion was well tolerated and had a positive safety profile. In addition, tazarotene lotion reduced the severity of hyperpigmentation and erythema and participants preferred it more than previous acne treatments. Conclusions The results from these five studies show that the tolerability, safety, and patient satisfaction of topical tazarotene 0.045% lotion, combined with its efficacy, make it an important option for the treatment of acne.

Stretch marks result from mechanical factors, namely stretching of the skin due to the development of subcutaneous structures (interstitial adipose tissue) or biochemical factors (the presence of excessive glucocorticoids that inhibit fibroblast activity and proliferation). There is no truly effective treatment for removing striae once they have formed. This study evaluates the effectiveness of administering Gotu Kola Extract (Centella asiatica) on the stretch mark. This paper was a Quasi-Experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. This study was conducted at the Independent Practice Midwife (IMP) Zummatul Atika in October-December 2020. The population was postpartum mothers (days 0-6) with stretch marks. Meanwhile, there were 12 respondents by purposive sampling technique. The independent variable was Gotu kola extract lotion, while the dependent variable was stretch marks with ratio data. Collecting data with a structured interview to gather the characteristics of respondents and participant observation to evaluate changes (number of stretch marks, color, moisture, and skin condition) in stretch marks before and after intervention during one month. The Gotu kola extract lotion was made in the pharmacy laboratory of PGRI Adi Buana University Surabaya within several stages. The data analysis used the paired T-test, and the result showed p= 0.000, indicating a significant difference before and after the intervention. This study concludes that administering Gotu Kola Extract (Centella asiatica) lotion effectively reduces skin pigmentation and lines in stretch marks, increases skin moisture, and refines skin texture.

Tungiasis (sand flea disease) is an epidermal parasitic skin disease occurring in resource-limited communities. There is no standard treatment for tungiasis, and available treatment options are scarce. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review aimed to assess randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating interventions for tungiasis. We systematically searched databases including MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), CENTRAL, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS and Embase (Scopus) for RCTs in any language, from inception of the databases until June 12, 2021. RCTs exploring preventive and therapeutic interventions for tungiasis were eligible. We used the revised Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool to assess the risk of bias and Jadad scale to quantify the methodological quality of the RCTs. Of the 1839 identified records, only eight RCTs involving 808 participants were included, and several methodological deficiencies were identified in most of the trials. Trial interventions included: oral drugs niridazole and ivermectin and topical interventions of ivermectin lotion, metrifonate lotion, thiabendazole lotion, thiabendazole ointment, dimeticones (NYDA), and a neem seed and coconut oils-based mixture for treatment and coconut oil-based lotion (Zanzarin) for prevention. The coconut oil-based lotion for prevention and dimeticones for treatment of tungiasis have displayed the most promise. Most of the RCTs included in this study had low methodological quality. There is a clear unmet need for high-quality RCTs examining safe and effective prevention and treatment alternatives of tungiasis in endemic settings.

Aloe vera belongs to the family of Asphodelaceae, the oldest medicinal herb ever found and the world's most common medicinal plant. It is known as Ghritkumari, is used in medicine sources of homeopathy, ayurvedic, and allopathy. The species is a good source of repository of chemical ingredients that shows a precise range of biological activities such as wound healing, burn treatment, mitigating frost bite damage, defense against, lung cancer, intestinal problems, x-ray damage to the body, raising and decreasing high density and low lipoprotein content, reduction of diabetic blood sugar, battle against acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and strengthening of the immune system. Aloe vera leaves are used to create drinks, perfume, skin lotion, cosmetics, or ointments. The plant's key ingredients are different kinds of vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, saponins, amino acids, and salicylic acids. The plant is a good source of antioxidants. It also contains folic acid and vitamin A, C, E and B12. Aloe vera gel includes important ingredients, including the essential amino acids required by the human body. The plant can be used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry. This research article is an effort towards Aloe Vera's industrial and ethnobotanical characteristics.

Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of alopecia in men, affecting 70% by the age of 20 years. The present study was conducted with the objective of comparing the efficacy of monotherapy with topical 5% minoxidil and its combination with intradermal platelet rich plasma (PRP), in male AGA. Methods This observational study was conducted at the dermatology department of a tertiary care hospital over a duration of 2 years. 100 patients with AGA were selected and divided randomly into 2 treatment arms: Group A (MM): received topical 5% Minoxidil monotherapy for 12 months and; Group B (M + PRP): received combination therapy of PRP and topical 5% Minoxidil for 12 months. The following parameters were subsequently analyzed on follow up: Physician-assessed global photography by a 4-point improvement scale and trichoscopic improvement of mean hair diameter. Results The combination was statistically superior to the monotherapy group in promoting hair growth in men with AGA for both measures of hair growth – photographic assessment and trichoscopic mean diameter. Conclusion We hereby conclude that intradermal PRP injections should be offered to all patients with AGA along with the existing therapeutic modalities, for faster hair regrowth and improved compliance.

Background The topical corticosteroid halobetasol propionate (HP) and retinoid tazarotene (TAZ) are effective in psoriasis treatment. Fixed-combination HP 0.01%/TAZ 0.045% lotion has demonstrated efficacy and safety in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Objective To investigate the maintenance of therapeutic effects after cessation of once-daily HP/TAZ treatment. Methods In two phase 3 studies (NCT02462070; NCT02462122), adults with moderate-to-severe psoriasis received HP/TAZ for 8 weeks. Data at week 12 were analyzed post hoc to evaluate posttreatment maintenance of treatment success (clear/almost clear skin), improvements in signs of psoriasis (erythema, plaque elevation, scaling), and reductions in affected body surface area (BSA). In a 52-week open-label study (NCT02462083), participants stopped HP/TAZ treatment after achievement of treatment success; data were analyzed post hoc to assess time to retreatment. Results Across all studies, most participants who achieved treatment success maintained this effect for at least one month posttreatment. Treatment effects were similarly maintained for improvements in signs of psoriasis and reductions in BSA. Some participants continued to improve after cessation of treatment. Maintenance of treatment success and time to retreatment were greater for participants who achieved clear skin. Conclusion HP/TAZ lotion provides therapeutic effects that persist after treatment cessation, supporting its use in long-term management of plaque psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a lifelong disease associated with cycles of remission and relapse. Topical treatments are the front line of psoriasis therapy for most patients and have antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive mechanisms of action. Novel fixed-dose combinations of topical therapeutic agents are becoming increasingly available, leveraging multiple mechanisms of action to improve safety and efficacy with formulations that are easier to use and may allow for the use of lower doses of active ingredients. A fixed-combination lotion containing the potent-to-superpotent corticosteroid halobetasol propionate (HP) and the retinoid tazarotene (HP 0.01%/TAZ 0.045%) was recently developed using polymeric emulsion technology. This new formulation technology allows for more uniform and efficient delivery of the active ingredients at lower doses than conventional monotherapy formulations of either ingredient while providing enhanced hydration and moisturization. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the therapeutic mechanisms of action of HP and TAZ, the rationale behind the development of HP 0.01%/TAZ 0.045% lotion, and clinical trials data on the efficacy, safety and tolerability, and maintenance of therapeutic effect with HP 0.01%/TAZ 0.045% lotion in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Pyrethroid insecticides are the only pesticides approved for the treatment of head lice (pediculosis capitis) infestations in Japan. However, in Okinawa Prefecture, 96% of head lice are resistant to pyrethroids. Here, we conducted a clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of a dimethicone preparation against head lice infestations in Okinawa Prefecture. Dimethicone‐containing lotion was applied over the entire scalp three times over a 7‐day period. Lice bodies (nymphs/adults) and eggs (nits) were counted before (day 0) and after treatment (day 8); a subset of eggs was collected to estimate viability based on hatch rate. Efficacy was evaluated based on improvement (reduction) in head lice counts post‐treatment with respect to baseline. Safety was evaluated based on subjects’ scalp condition and adverse event incidence. Utility was a composite end‐point combining efficacy and safety. In total, 35 subjects were enrolled. Efficacy and safety were evaluated in 23 and 35 subjects, respectively. No side‐effects of note were reported during the treatment period. The dimethicone lotion resulted in a utility rating of “marginally useful” or higher in over 80% of the study population, signifying the formulation to be both safe and effective. The dimethicone lotion was also a potent ovicide; 99.4% of eggs collected after treatment failed to hatch when incubated. Eradication of head lice remained successful for at least 4 weeks after the final topical dimethicone application in 25 of the 28 subjects reached by telephone survey. Lice bodies and eggs were genotyped to analyze the prevalence of three knockdown resistance (kdr)‐type mutations within the voltage‐sensitive sodium channel known to confer pyrethroid resistance. One or more kdr mutations were confirmed in 30 of the 32 subjects from whom specimens were collected (93.8%). Dimethicone was confirmed to be both safe and effective in treating pyrethroid‐resistant head lice.

Background Intertrigo is an inflammatory skin-fold condition. Candida infections may occur concurrently or afterward. Topical corticosteroids may reduce inflammation but exacerbate Candida infections. The treatment is contentious. Objective To evaluate the efficacies and safety of adsorbent lotion containing tapioca starch, spent grain wax, Butyrospermum parkii extract, argania spinosa kernel oil, aloe barbadensis, rosehip oil, and allantoin for the treatment of mild-to-moderate intertrigo, relative to 1% hydrocortisone cream. Methods This randomized, double-blinded study enrolled 40 intertrigo patients. Twice daily, 20 patients applied adsorbent lotion while the remainder used 1% hydrocortisone cream. Efficacy evaluation, skin biophysical measurements, skin tolerability, safety, and visual analog scale (VAS) patient-satisfaction scores were evaluated at baseline and Week 2. Results The adsorbent lotion showed higher complete cure rates for color, partial epidermal loss, papules/pustules/vesicles/patches, dryness, and scaling than the corticosteroid without statistical significance. Adsorbent lotion demonstrated significantly higher reduction in pruritus than the corticosteroid treatment. Reduction of erythema level using Mexameter and VAS patient-satisfaction scores were not statistically different between adsorbent lotion and hydrocortisone cream. No adverse effects or superimposed infections were reported. Conclusions The anti-inflammatory efficacies of adsorbent lotion and low-potency steroid were equivalent. The lotion was safe and produced excellent pruritus reduction. Patient satisfaction was high.

Aim: To know the efficacy of only conservative management without manual removal of adult parasite in treatment of pediculosis palpebrarum. Material and Methods: Seventeen patients with pediculosis palpebrarum underwent health education on personal hygiene, avoid overcrowding, counseling and psychotherapy. Deparasitisation of associated axillary and pubic area with Permethrin 1% cream application two courses at weeks gap. Washing clothes and linen in hot water. Face wash with shampoo lotion and simultaneously rubbing of the eye for 1-2 minutes thrice daily. Topically Antibiotic - steroid drops and ointment thrice daily for 6 weeks. No manual removal of adult parasite, epilation or trimming of the eye lashes was done. Results: The mean age of patient is 19.5 +/- 13.4 years. Male: Female ratio was 10:7. Mean duration of symptom is 13.+/-6.6 weeks. Commonest presentation was itching in all patients. 82.3% (14/17) patients had bilateral involvement of both upper and lower lids with associated pubic and axillary area infestation. By 1st week all had resolution of symptoms and on 3rd week 82.3% (14/17) free from infestation. (3 dropout) only discomfort was transient blurring of vision due to eye ointment. Conclusion: Conservative management without manual removal of adult parasite is equally effective in treating pediculosis palpebrarum. Acceptable to children, anxious and non cooperative patients. It wiil avoid the discomfort to patients, complications of sedation and local side effects of topical parasiticidal agents. Only side effect was transient blurring of vision due to eye ointment. Keywords: Conservative, Drops and ointment, Pediculosis palpebrarum.

Background: Scabies is an ectoparasitic infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis that occurs due to direct skin to skin contact.It is a common public health problem that affects humans regardless of age, gender and social class.An ideal scabicide should be effective against both adult and egg of the mite, easily applicable, acceptable, nontoxic, and economical. It should be safe to use in all ages. Objectives: To compare the therapeutic efficacy and cost effectiveness of topical 5% permethrin, 25% benzyl benzoate and oral ivermectin (200mcg/kg/dose) in the treatment of scabies. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 patients with scabies attending the dermatology outpatient at the Department Of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Adichunchanagiri Hospital and Research Centre, B.G. Nagara, were randomly divided into three treatment groups A, B and C with 30 patients in each group. Group A patients received 5% permethrin cream which was made to remain in contact with the skin for at least 8 hours. This was repeated after 7 days. Group B patients received 25% benzyl benzoate lotion which was made to remain in contact with the skin for at least 8 hours. This was done for three consecutive nights. Group C patients received oral ivermectin in a single dose of 200mcg/kg body weight taken with meals and it was repeated after 10 days. All patients were followed up at the end of first, second and third week to assess clinical grading score and pruritus grading score by visual analogue scale. The cost effectiveness was calculated on basis of total expenditure on medicine at the end of the third week and cure rate of the three groups were compared on the basis of amount needed to treat one case successfully. Results: At the end of third week, complete clinical cure was seen in 28 (93.3%) patients in group A, 13 (43.3%) patients in group B and 22 (73.3%) of patients in group C. Permethrin was more efficacious than benzyl benzoate and ivermect

Objective To examine the effectiveness of twice-daily moisturizer application for patients admitted to an acute care setting on reducing the incidence of skin tear (ST) injuries. Design, setting, and participants This prospective, nonrandomized, case-control study identified an experimental and control ward equivalent in demography and patient acuity in a large hospital in regional Victoria, Australia. Patients 70 years or older admitted to the wards were invited to participate. Intervention Twice-daily application of a commercially available skin and body lotion to the arms and legs of participants. Main outcome measures The incidence of ST in the experimental and control settings in the pre-, intra-, and posttrial periods. Main results Although a decrease in ST incidence was observed over the study period (n = 128), this decrease was not significant pre- (median = 2.16, n = 73), intra- (median = 2.16, n = 73), or postintervention (median = 2.16, n = 69; χ[2, 152] = 0.502, P = .778). Similarly, there was no significant difference between wards (median = 9.86 [n = 152] vs median = 13.14 [n = 177]; U = 42.50, z = -1.198, r = 0.358, P = .231). Conclusions The moisturizer in this study did not have a direct influence on the frequency of STs in the study population, although the data would suggest an intermittent reduction in ST incidence. The authors postulate that this was correlated with behavior change effects from the study.

Background Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory disease that may differ in prevalence and clinical presentation among patients from various racial and ethnic groups. Two phase 3 studies demonstrated efficacy and safety of halobetasol propionate (HP) 0.01% lotion in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (NCT02514577, NCT02515097). These post hoc analyses evaluated HP 0.01% lotion in Hispanic participants. Methods Participants were randomized (2:1) to receive once-daily HP or vehicle lotion for 8 weeks, with a 4-week posttreatment follow-up. Post hoc efficacy assessments in Hispanic participants (HP, n=76; vehicle, n=43) included treatment success (g2‑grade improvement in Investigatorrs Global Assessment and score of lclearr or lalmost clearr), psoriasis signs, and affected body surface area (BSA). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were evaluated. Results At week 8, 38.8% of participants achieved treatment success with HP versus 10.3% on vehicle (P=0.001). HP‑treated participants achieved greater improvements in psoriasis signs, compared with vehicle (Pl0.01 all). HP group had a greater reduction in affected BSA versus vehicle (P=0.001). Treatment-related TEAEs with HP were application site infection and dermatitis (n=1 each). Conclusions Once-daily HP 0.01% lotion was associated with significant reductions in disease severity in Hispanic participants with moderate-to-severe psoriasis, with good tolerability and safety over 8 weeks. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20(3):252-258. doi:10.36849/JDD.2021.5698.

This article reviews in detail the merits and unique nature of this combination lotion and also discusses a new type of strategy for treating psoriasis topically. The combination lotion proved much more efficacious than the vehicle. Moreover, when the combination lotion was compared head-to-head with each of the components alone (halobetasol, tazarotene) and vehicle lotion, the combination was clearly more efficacious after 8 weeks. In terms of safety, the combination lotion was well tolerated by the patients. The combination lotion is also unique in that it is the only superpotent topical steroid with long-term safety data of 1 year. Now that the FDA has approved a superpotent topical steroid containing a topical agent for unlimited “intermittent” use, compliance and treatment efficacy can be greatly improved. Due to this, the combination lotion can greatly enhance topical therapy for psoriasis and make maintenance therapy practical.

هذا البحث يتناول الغسولات التي يجريها الصائمون من خلال المنافذ المعتادة للجوف وغير المعتادة، مثل: غسول الفم ، وغسول الأنف، وغسول الأذن، وغسول المثانة، وغسول المهبل، وغسيل الکلى، وما يتعلق بها من أحکام شرعية. This research deals with the washes that are carried out by fasting people through the usual and unusual outlets of the hollow, such as: mouthwash, nasal lotion, earwash, bladder wash, vaginal wash, kidney dialysis, and related legal rulings.

The subjects of this study were 80 patients who underwent mixed hemorrhoids surgery in our hospital from January to October 2020 (mixed hemorrhoids external and internal ligation, internal hemorrhoids ligation or Xiaozhiling injection) and developed anal edge edema after surgery. According to the order of hospitalization, the patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 40 cases each. In the control group, blank hot pack was applied on the basis of anorectal No. 1 lotion for prevention and treatment of anal edge edema after operation; in the treatment group, hot pack of Traditional Chinese medicine was applied on the basis of anorectal No. 1 lotion for prevention and treatment of anal edge edema. The course of treatment was 7 days. The edema subsidence and postoperative pain scores were observed in both groups. Results: The scores of anal edema and pain in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P Conclusion: Chinese medicine hot election package is effective in treating postoperative anal edema of mixed hemorrhoids, and the method is simple and suitable for clinical promotion.

Hyperpigmentation is one of the most commonly seen skin disorders which is not a concerning health issues but it may affect the psychological aspect of a person. Hyperpigmentation is caused by the presence of excess melanin, which is the brown pigment of the skin. Products that aimed to reduce the pigmentations act by inhibiting the tyrosinase enzyme, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of melanin. There are many products that are currently available in the market that aims to reduce pigmentation of the skin. These products are conventionally formulated into different dosage forms such as cream, lotion and emulgel, which gains popularity due to its convenience on application. However, due to the drawbacks that these dosage forms possess such as poor stability and absorption, new formulations are presented which incorporate novel drug delivery system into the conventional dosage forms. These novel drug delivery systems are, inter alia, liposome, niosomes and microsphere. They carry benefits of controlled drug delivery, enhanced skin penetration and reduce drug toxicity as compared to the conventional dosage form, which resulted in the increase in marketed product diving into this pathway. This present article will discuss the various dosage forms, drug delivery system, its advantages, disadvantages and marketed product for pigmentation control.

Objectives The combination therapy of phenothrin (PHT) and ivermectin (PI regimen) was effective for pyrethroid‐resistant head lice in Okinawa; however, further investigations have been required to improve the regimen. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the modified PI (mPI) regimen, which increased the maximum number of PHT treatments in the PI regimen by one, in Tsukuba, which has a low mutation rate compared to Okinawa. Methods An open‐label, uncontrolled, exploratory study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, University of Tsukuba Hospital to investigate the treatment effect of mPI regimen. Genotypes were investigated for the knockdown (kdr) mutations at voltage‐sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) and glutamate‐gated chloride receptor‐encoding loci to identify their correlation with drug resistance. Results All the 8 patients treated with the mPI regimen resulted in lice free on day 29. Compared to baseline, the number of bodies, eggs, and itching grade significantly decreased on day 29. Mild erythema appeared after the second application of PHT on day 8 in one patient, persisted for 2 days, and recovered on day 15. No other adverse events were reported. Mutation rates were more than double in head lice collected from one patient for whom PHT was ineffective compared to those in lice from patients who responded to PHT. Furthermore, we identified four new haplotypes of VSSC loci in head lice. Conclusions The mPI regimen is a potential effective treatment for economically combating both PHT‐sensitive and resistant head lice.

Introduction: Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal infection of keratinized tissue. The infection is known as tinea. Various oral and topical antifungal agents used in clinicalpractice. Objective: Comparative study between oral terbinafine and griseofulvin in dermatophytosis infection in children between 5 to 15 years Methods: Patients of both gender and age between 5 to 15 years diagnosed as dermatophytic infection were enrolled for the study. Atotal of 100 patientswere divided into two groups. One group was treated with oral terbinafine and other withoral griseofulvin for 4 weeks. In addition a placebo cream/ lotion was applied locally. Limitation: Large studies are required for more confirmation. Conclusion: Oral terbinafine produced 88 percent cure while cure with griseofulvin was 72 percent .Clinical response to oral terbinafine was 16percentbetter.No significant adverse effects were noticed in either groups, except in some cases mild gastrointestinal disturbance. Keywords: Dermatophytosis, Terbinafine, Griseofulvin, Tinea, Fungicidal.

Objectives: Although Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin disease, which its standard treatment causes therapeutic limitations and some common adverse effects, medicinal plants can be effective in treatment with low adverse effects as combination therapy. Myrtle (Myrtus Communis) has some beneficial properties, which has been administered topically and orally for some skin diseases in Persian medicine. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of Myrtle formula and 1% clindamycin topical solution.Methods: This was a split-face clinical trial that was done on 55 patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris for 16 weeks. The patients received topical Myrtle solution to the right side of the face (group 1) and clindamycin solution to the left side (group 2) twice daily for 12 weeks. All participants were examined for the acne severity index (ASI) and total acne lesions counting (TLC) at certain times during the study. Then, they stopped using them for four weeks. They also did not take the drug in the final four weeks of the study.Results: Forty-eight patients completed the study for 16 weeks; 40 (83.2%) patients were female and the rest of them were male. The mean age and standard deviation were 25.62 ± 7.62 years. After 12 weeks, the percentage changes of comedones, inflammatory lesions, ASI and TLC were significantly reduced in both groups (p < 0.001). The percentage change of inflammatory lesions and ASI decrease was significantly higher in the group 1 (p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in the incidence of side effects between the two groups. There was a more significant decrease in sebum percentage change in the group 1 (p = 0.003).Conclusion: Myrtle lotion was effective and safe for the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris.

Background Robust evidence regarding the efficacy of topical tranexamic acid (TA) on melasma in Chinese population is lacking. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 1.8% liposomal TA and microneedling with 5% TA solution on melasma. Methods Sixty melasma patients were enrolled and randomized to receive 1.8% liposomal TA twice daily, microneedling with 5% TA solution weekly or 2% hydroquinone every night. Objective and subjective assessments were obtained at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Results 27.8% of patients of liposomal TA group, 33.3% of microneedling with TA solution group and 30.0% of hydroquinone group were recognized as "more than 50% improvement". At the endpoint, the melanin index (MI) in all treatment groups were significantly decreased, while the improvement of MI in microneedling with TA solution group and hydroquinone group is higher than liposomal TA group. The erythema index (EI) was significantly diminished in liposomal TA group and microneedling with TA solution group. Dermatoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy revealed decreased brown granules in all groups and reduced telangiectasia in liposomal TA group and microneedling with TA solution group. Conclusion 1.8% liposomal TA and microneedling with 5% TA solution are both effective and safe on melasma.

The problem of alopecia, for treatment of which the use of over the counter lotions containing minoxidil is recommended, is paid considerable attention all over the world. The consumers rarely seek medical advice due to certain psychological barriers. Thus, it contributes to the uncontrolled use of the drugs, and fixation of their side effects becomes impossible. There are isolated reports on the effect of minoxidil containing lotions on male fertility. The Aim. To establish organometric parameters of testes and their paradidymis, functional parameters of spermatozoa in mature rats under topical exposure to a 10% minoxidil containing lotion. Methods. Analytical, toxicological, statistical. Results. It was established that under the conditions of 72-day percutaneous application of 10% minoxidil containing lotion some changes in the reproductive system organs can be observed, which are in particular a decrease in the mass of testes and epididymis, as well as a decrease in organs’ linear size. The total time of motor activity of gametes after exposure to a lotion containing 10% minoxidil has statistically significantly shortened, a 6-fold inhibition of the activity of redox processes occurred in the rats of the experimental group compared to the control one. Conclusions. Taking into consideration the obtained data and the uncontrolled and long-term use of 10% minoxidil containing lotions by men of reproductive age, an in-depth study of its gonadotoxic effects in experimental conditions in combination with epidemiological studies of the patients using these lotions is deemed necessary. Key Words: minoxidil, gonadotoxicity, mature rats.

Allergy to cow’s milk is a frequent diagnosis in infants and amounts to 2-3%. In most cases, manifestations of allergy to cow’s milk proteins are combined polyorganic in nature with the involvement of two or more systems of the child’s body, more frequent are lesions of the skin and gastrointestinal mucosa. Supporting breastfeeding remains the first task of a pediatrician when observing a child in the first year of life, but if there is a need to appoint and choose from a variety of formulas for supplementary feeding or as a basic diet, there is a difficult question of choosing the right one. Children at risk without clinical manifestations of allergy to cow’s milk proteins should use hypoallergenic preventive formulas based on partially hydrolyzed cow’s milk proteins. In formed clinical manifestations of allergy – formulas based on highly hydrolyzed protein, and in their severe manifestations – on the basis of amino acids. Unfortunately, a significant part of infants have polyvalent sensitization, so even a properly selected formula does not fully eliminate all symptoms. Therefore, in addition to diet correction, antihistamines, both systemic and topical, as well as hormonal topical remedies, emollients, etc., are often used. Pathogenetic treatment for food allergies has not yet been developed, and the only solution we can make, in addition to elimination diets, is to apply symptomatic therapy. A special problem in pediatrics is the lack of drugs, including antihistamines, allowed for use in children under the age of 1 year. At this age, allowed to use only a few: dimetindene, ceirizine, in emergency cases – chloropyramine, starting with the age of 1 month. Optimal forms of administration for infants may be syrup, suspensions, drops, as well as topical forms - lotion, gel, emulsion or cream. Taking into account many years of experience with dimethindene, clinical data on the efficacy and safety of the drug, allow its use in pediatric practice. The drug has good antihistamine activity, antipruritic, anti-edema and antispastic effect, and is able to quickly and firmly relieve symptoms of allergy.

Chronic kidney failure is a public health problem throughout the world, and the number of sufferers is increasing. Chronic kidney failure can cause clinical symptoms in various body systems, one of which is a disorder in the skin that becomes dry (uremic). This study aimed to examine the effect of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) on the skin moisture among uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis. This type of research is a quasi-experiment with pre-test and post-test equivalent control group. The study was conducted at the Regional General Hospital, Dr. RM. Djoelham Binjai. The study population was 80 people, divided into 2 sample groups of 40 people each. The results showed that there was a significant effect of skin moisture on the intervention group before and after being given Virgin Coconut Oil, p = 0.000

Estudos demonstram efeitos promissores dos fitoterápicos para o tratamento de feridas de diversas etiologias. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a eficácia e benefí­cios do uso de Pharmacure®, contendo ativos naturais e fitoterápicos no tratamento da Erisipela. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo de caso de uma mulher de 57 anos que apresentava uma lesão extensa decorrente de Erisipela. Realizou-se observações, medições e registros fotográficos semanalmente. Os curativos eram realizados diariamente com limpeza e aplicação da loção Pharmacure®. RESULTADOS: Após 35 dias observou-se reparação cutânea da lesão, evolução cicatricial mais rápida e positiva, aproximações das bordas e melhor alinhamento das mesmas. A lesão cicatrizou completamente em 122 dias. DISCUSSíO: Os fitoterápicos constituintes da loção associados ao ácido hialurônico são evidenciados na literatura dado seu potencial antimicrobianos, anti-inflamatórios e cicatrizante. Destaca-se as intervenções do enfermeiro para o sucesso do tratamento de feridas. CONCLUSíO: O Pharmacure® apresentou-se como cobertura promissora na reparação tecidual de pacientes com Erisipela.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is closely related to neuro-inflammatory response and causes a complex pathological process and serious consequence. In this study, we explored whether the formatted citrus peel extract gold lotion (GL) could have a therapeutic effect on rats suffered TBI. TBI rat model was prepared by the electric Cortical Contusion Impactor (eCCI) device. Prevention against TBI by GL was assessed by the behavioral, organizational of rats and the molecular markers in the brain injury area. The results showed that GL could reduce nerve damage and neurological dysfunction. The mechanisms probably due to that GL could not only reduce the associated damage markers including GFAP, OX-42, TNF-α, COX-2, NF-κB and TLR4 but also promote the expression of VEGF which is responsible for protecting neuronal cells in the injury area. These findings revealed that GL could be a promising preparation for TBI prevention.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects skin and joints and is associated with numerous comorbidities. There are several clinical subtypes including the uncommon pustular variants, which are subdivided into generalized and localized forms. Palmoplantar pustulosis is considered a subtype of pustular psoriasis that manifests as localized eruptions of pustules affecting the palms and/or soles. The disease often persists for several years or decades, with frequent periods of exacerbation and partial remissions and may significantly impair quality of life secondary to pain, pruritus and resulting functional disability. Case Description: This case report documents a 54-year-old woman who presented with a painful pustular lesion on her right palm. Careful patient history and biopsy of the lesion confirmed palmoplantar pustulosis. Initial treatment with clobetasol propionate 0.25% cream resulted in no improvement so she was switched to halobetasol propionate 0.01% and tazarotene 0.045% lotion—a novel corticosteroid–retinoid combination, while awaiting payor approval for systemic biologic therapy. Within a week, the pustular lesions and pain had resolved and her quality of life was significantly improved, so the patient elected to continue with topical therapy. This improvement was maintained at 6-week follow-up and during a 2-week reduced dose treatment schedule. She reflared 5 weeks after stopping treatment, but cleared again after reintroduction of the therapy. No side effects or adverse events were reported during treatment. Conclusion: Halobetasol propionate 0.01% and tazarotene 0.045% lotion may be an effective option for treatment and maintenance in patients with palmoplantar pustulosis.

Sunscreen lotion is used to prevent the skin from ultraviolet radiation, which can cause various diseases, such as acne, burning, redness, swelling, wrinkling, and skin cancer. Natural sunscreen lotions contain chemical compounds that have relatively long conjugated double bonds or the presence of hydroxyl groups. The result of the maceration of Artocarpus heterophyllus bark produced ethanol and methanol extracts, based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry characterization, both extracts contained straight and cyclic chain compounds which had conjugated double bonds. The number of double-bonded compounds in ethanol extract is more than in methanol extract. Sun protection factor (SPF) value of ethanol extract lotion formula is greater than SPF value of methanol extract lotion formula, the SPF value ethanol extract lotion formula at concentration 2; 2.5; 5; 7.5; and 12% were consecutive: 29.801 ± 0.224; 32.797 ± 0.161; 33.808 ± 0.165; 34.580 ± 0.295; and 35.015 ± 0.169, (SPF value of negative control: 0.435 ± 0.2839 and positive control, 31 ± 0.0284). SPF value of methanol extract lotion formula for concentration 2; 2.5; 5; 7.5; and 12% was 14.407 ± 0.010; 26.549 ± 0.476; 30.274 ± 0.208; 32.031 ± 0.302; and 31.942 ± 0.324. Each extract SPF value is higher than the SPF value of the lotion formula. The result of testing the physical properties of the lotion formula shows that the lotion type is o/w, the lotion viscosity ranges from 2450 cP to 4780.0 cP meet Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) standards. The pH test results ranged from 6.020 to 7.845 meets SNI. The spreading power of the lotion ranges from 4.70 to 6.75 cm. The adhesive strength of the lotion ranges from 16 to 41 s.

Introduction The replenishment of skin lipids depleted in the dry skin state is a desirable therapeutic target to restore skin moisturization; however, there is limited evidence demonstrating the success of this approach through the use of topical emollients. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence of the benefits of a cream and equivalent lotion containing skin lipids in a multi-vesicular emulsion for the management of dry skin. The hypothesis was that the test cream and test lotion could sustain skin moisturization for longer than traditional emollients by sustainably delivering skin lipids. Methods A double-blind intra-subject vehicle-controlled single open-application test on the lower legs in people with dry, atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema)-prone, skin was conducted. There were six treatment sites, three per lower leg in each participant, which were treated with the test cream, the test lotion, three reference creams commonly prescribed in the UK and no treatment as a control. After baseline measurements of skin hydration, 100 μl of the test/reference creams was applied to each of the relevant treatment sites (random site allocation). Following treatment, measurements of skin hydration and scoring of visual dryness was conducted at timed intervals (3, 6, 12 and 24 h post-product application). Results The test cream and lotion both significantly increased skin hydration and reduced skin dryness for at least 24 h following a single application compared to a no treatment control site. Compared to three reference emollient creams the test cream and test lotion were the only products capable of sustaining clinically meaningful improvements in skin moisturization for 24 h. Conclusion The sustained moisturization imparted by the test products reduces the need for frequent emollient application, often requiring 3–4 applications per day for traditional emollients, and should reduce the high burden of managing dry skin conditions like atopic dermatitis.

Halobetasol propionate and tazarotene lotion 0.01%/0.045% (HP/TAZ) is a topical medication approved for the treatment of plaque psoriasis in adults. As a treatment modality, HP/TAZ has a combinatory therapeutic effect because it contains both a corticosteroid (HP) and a retinoid (TAZ) component. Here, we review the important clinical efficacy and safety data derived from pivotal clinical trials for HP/TAZ in the treatment of plaque psoriasis. We also discuss the mechanism of action, dosage guidelines, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and clinical considerations for HP/TAZ, including why HP/TAZ should be avoided in pregnant patients.

BACKGROUND Previous results from two phase 3 studies demonstrated efficacy and safety of fixed combination halobetasol propionate 0.01%/tazarotene 0.045% (HP/TAZ) lotion in participants with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. This post hoc analysis evaluated sex-specific efficacy and safety of HP/TAZ lotion. METHODS In two randomized, double-blind, phase 3 studies, participants were randomized (2:1) to receive HP/TAZ or vehicle lotion once daily for 8 weeks. Male and female participants were evaluated separately in this pooled analysis. Efficacy assessments included treatment success (at least 2‑grade improvement in Investigator's Global Assessment [IGA] score and score of clear/almost clear), impact on individual signs of psoriasis, and affected Body Surface Area (BSA). RESULTS The analysis included 272 males (HP/TAZ, n=175; vehicle, n=97) and 146 females (HP/TAZ, n=101; vehicle, n=45). Significantly more participants achieved overall treatment success at week 8 with HP/TAZ versus vehicle in both male (38.4% vs 9.8%) and female (44.5% vs 9.9%) subgroups (P

Today, mycotic lesions of the skin and their appendages are relevant and common throughout the world, taking first place in the structure of infectious pathology. Candidiasis of the skin, mucous membranes and nails is often found in the practice of a dermatologist, even among pediatric patients. The problem of treatment of candidiasis remains relevant, requires attention and continuous improvement of existing methods of treatment. For the treatment of candidiasis, the systemic antimycotic itraconazole ( Itracon ) has proven its efficiency, especially with damage to the nail plates. In this case, the best effect is achieved with a combination of systemic antifungal drugs and topical agents. Externally, antifungal varnish Cyclogen (cyclopirox 8 %) is used on the nail plates. In the complex treatment of nail candidiasis, the original Bion 3 probiotic-vitamin-mineral complex turned out to be effective. The article describes a clinical case and treatment of seborrheic dermatitis and candidiasis of fingernails. The complex treatment with levocetirizine ( Alerzin ) and 0.1 % mometasone furoate lotion ( Elokom ) is effective and safe for seborrheic dermatitis. When treating nail candidiasis, the systemic antimycotic itraconazole proved to be effective and safe in combination with Cyclogen (8 % cyclopirox) antifungal varnish. The introduction of the probiotic-vitamin-mineral complex Bion 3 in combination with the systemic antimycotic itraconazole and the antifungal varnish Cyclogen into the treatment complex of patients with nail candidiasis made it possible to improve the effectiveness of treatment, accelerate clinical and mycological recovery, reduce the duration of treatment, and prevent disease recurrence.

Background: As current tazarotene formulations indicated for acne (0.1%) can cause irritation, a new tazarotene 0.045% lotion formu-lation was developed using polymeric emulsion technology. The objective was to assess efficacy, safety, and tolerability of tazarotene 0.045% lotion in patients with moderate-to-severe acne in a pooled analysis of data from two identical phase 3, double-blind, random-ized, vehicle-controlled 12-week clinical studies. Methods: Patients aged ≥9 years with moderate-to-severe acne were randomized (1:1) to tazarotene 0.045% lotion or vehicle lotion applied once daily. Inflammatory and noninflammatory lesion counts and Evaluator's Global Severity Score (EGSS) were assessed. Treatment success was defined as a ≥2-grade improvement in EGSS and a score of 'clear'/'almost clear'. Adverse events (AEs) and cutaneous safety and tolerability were also assessed. Results: In total, 1614 patients (mean age: 20.5 years) were randomized to tazarotene 0.045% lotion (n=799) or vehicle (n=815). At week 12, tazarotene 0.045% lotion demonstrated statistically significant superiority versus vehicle in reducing inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesion counts (least-squares mean percent changes from baseline: inflammatory, -57.9% vs -47.8% [P

The RSDL® (Reactive Skin Decontamination Lotion) Kit contains a lotion-impregnated sponge extensively studied for the removal or neutralization of chemical warfare agents from skin. Pilot investigation of efficacy with industrial threat compounds noted that synthetic opioid fentanyl citrate was removed by the RSDL Kit but not chemically inactivated by the lotion. This implies that after use the RSDL Kit will contain intact fentanyl, which may pose a dermal health hazard if the fentanyl is then transferred to skin after use without proper handling. This in vitro investigation studied the contaminated RSDL Kit using three different concentrations of fentanyl with a skin contact time of 15 min under direct interaction from passive contact, light touch, and leaning with one hand. It was demonstrated that the expected transfer of fentanyl from contaminated RSDL depends on 1) the concentration of fentanyl and 2) the area of the exposed surface. From a toxicological perspective, the contact risk of fentanyl under the conditions tested can be considered low but not absent. The present study determined that a contaminated RSDL Kit, used for removal of fentanyl, should be handled with proper care. Use of protective gloves in operational use and washing skin afterwards is advised to prevent undesired contamination. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

Lemon grass (Cymbopogon winteriatus) has been widely acclaimed to possess therapeutic, cosmetic and insecticidal activities. This study was conducted using a field controlled trial by human volunteers to confirm the effectiveness and applicability of locally-produced Lemon grass oil as a mosquito repellent and adulticidal agent for the prevention of mosquito-borne diseases in Nigeria. Volatile oil was extracted using petroleum ether as solvent while olive oil was used as oil base. The study was conducted between September and October 2017 and made use of 12 volunteers across three locations. The lotions were applied on exposed body parts of the volunteers and they worked three shifts daily. The biting rate, percentage repellence complete protection time and whole night protection were measured and recorded. Topical application of each lotion reduced the biting rate of mosquitoes across the three locations, with the 60% (v/v) exhibiting higher impact of 341 vs 32; 438 vs 44 and 388 vs 33. The 60% (v/v) formulation also had the highest percentage repellence of 91.92% at Location I, offered a whole night protection against mosquito in location I and O and offered a Complete Protection Time (CPT) of 21.6, 18.93 and 20.8 respectively across all three locations. There was a significant statistical association r=0.95 (p

The paper reviews an overview of a conventional and novel approach in the topical drug delivery system. Drug delivery via the skin is becoming progressively popular due to its convenience and affordability. The skin is the most important mechanical barrier to the penetration of many drug substances and acts as an ideal site to deliver the drug both locally and systemically. The topical route has been a favored route of drug administration over the last decades. Despite conventional topical drug delivery systems limits in poor retention and low bioavailability. This drawback overcomes by extensive research to develop a novel topical drug delivery systems targeting to improve the safety, efficacy and to minimize side effects. The conventional review focuses on dusting powders, poultices, plasters, lotion, liniments, solution, emulsion, suspension, colloidions, tinctures, creams, gels, ointments, pastes, suppositories, transdermal delivery systems, tapes, and gauzes and rubbing alcohol while the novel review focuses on novel gels, aerosol foams, microsponges, muco-adhesive bio-adhesives, novel vesicular carriers, nano-emulsion & nano-emulgel, protein and peptide delivery, polymers, emulsifier-free formulations and fullerenes etc. The key purpose of a topical delivery system is to enhance the skin permeability and to retain in the dermis. This review addresses a basis for further advancement and up-gradation of current techniques and technologies.

A 20-year-old man presented with for 6-month history of facial acne. He had erythema and red papules on the face secondary to BPO-induced contact dermatitis. He was administered topical corticosteroid. Contact dermatitis improved with this treatment, and he had red papules, comedones, prominent postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), postinflammatory erythema (PIE), erosions and erythema associated with acne vulgaris. He was subsequently treated with oral minocycline 100 mg/d and topical adapalene and ozenoxacin lotion once daily for 3 months. The inflammatory lesions and comedo subsided; however, PIH, PIE, atrophic scar and erosion persisted. During 3 months, the patient underwent chemical peeling using 20% glycolic acid (GA) and subsequent vitamin C iontophoresis twice at 1-month intervals. He showed almost disappearance of red papules and comedones but persistent PIH, PIE and erosion after 3 months of treatment. He was thereafter prescribed topical glyceryl-octyl-ascorbic acid/ascorbyl 2-phosphate 6-palmitate/DL-a-tocopherol phosphate complex for local application twice daily for 3 months. After 7 months of treatment, PIH, PIE, erosion and atrophic scar faded significantly with only trace residual erosions, atrophic scar and PIH. Subsequently, he was prescribed local application of 2% isostearyl-L-ascorbic acid gel vitamin C gel twice daily for 3 months. After 15 months, PIH, PIE, erosion and atrophic scar disappeared completely with significant improvement. Comprehensive sequential therapy resulted in significant improvement. It is suggested that medical treatment using systemic and topical antimicrobials and topical adapalene reduces inflammatory lesions and comedones initially. Subsequent chemical peeling using GA and vitamin C iontophoresis could improve PIH. These synergistic effects might have contributed to the significant improvement observed in this case. Comprehensive sequential treatment using chemical peeling, vitamin C iontophoresis and topical vitamin C can be a useful treatment strategy for PIH in acne vulgaris.

Background Drug trials for male‐pattern hair loss (MPHL) did not investigate hair cycling. Materials and Methods Male‐pattern hair loss volunteers (n = 22) took oral finasteride 1 mg daily with randomly either MTS5% or control lotion (1 mL/d). After 12 months on oral drug, 14 were randomized for a dose‐effect study of topical minoxidil 2% or 5%. Each 3‐month “on‐lotion” was followed by a 3‐month “off‐lotion.” Results Exogen release and anagen initiation from pre‐existing but functionally deficient follicles occurred mainly during combined dug treatment. Anagen initiation by topical minoxidil 5% could not be maintained by oral finasteride. As compared with control males, the compound index of hair growth raised from 30% at baseline up to 60% within 3 months of combined drug regimen which is better than oral drug only (no change) but still far beyond normalization of productivity (considered as 100%). There was no obvious transformation of miniaturized hair follicles into terminal hair‐producing follicles, and the activation of miniaturized hair follicles was not clinically relevant (slow growth and short duration of anagen). Conclusions Benefit with oral finasteride and topical 5% minoxidil (1 mL, 1 per day) resulted from initiation of anagen in deficient terminal follicles without increased growth rates.

This research explores the crossmodal correspondences within the field of sensory marketing. In particular, we investigate crossmodal effects between the visual, olfactory, and haptic senses. An extensive literature review reveals a lack of studies in this area but has allowed for a theory-driven approach. An empirical study was performed to explore how different combinations of sensory attributes of a body lotion affect (i) the perception of its color, scent, and texture; and (ii) the evaluation of success measures such as product quality and product liking. A preliminary study was done to determine the sensory attributes of the body lotion to be used in the main study. These attributes are designed to be perceived differently with respect to the manipulated modality but are otherwise similar. The main study employs a 2 × 2 × 2 full-factorial between-subjects design. The empirical findings demonstrate the existence of crossmodal effects. With regard to the assessment of the product, texture of the body lotion emerges as the most important sensory attribute.