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Currently, increasingly car-sharing systems are implemented in the area of urban transport systems. This type of development brings many benefits to cities and operators providing services, but above all, following the principles of sustainable development, it should improve society's quality of life. With this in mind, it is particularly important to monitor users’ opinions on the services offered and take into account the problems and complaints reported by them. Monitoring opinions on services may contribute to the improvement of the quality of services, but most of all contribute to eliminating transport barriers related to the use of car-sharing services. This study aimed to identify transport barriers, accessibility issues, and transport social exclusion reported by users of car-sharing services. The purpose is to present the phenomenon of social exclusion in car-sharing services based on the Church’s conceptual framework. The article identifies seven main categories of social exclusion, including economic, physical, geographic, spatial, fear-based, time-based, and facility-access barriers related to the use of car-sharing services. Moreover, the article includes presentation of remedial measures limiting the phenomenon of transport, social exclusion and barriers, consistent with the principles of sustainable development. The article supports operators who want to create services better suited to the needs of the society. It is also a response to a research gap dedicated to transportation social exclusion and aspects of responsible business in the car-sharing industry. The work supports eliminating the phenomenon of social exclusion and the pursuit of creating socially and environmentally responsible car-sharing services.

Transport is one of the main urban logistics issues. The discussion on the development of transport systems, expressed in consecutive EU White Papers and communications, highlights two main challenges, i.e. the need to change the modal split, including the growing role of public, rail and intermodal transport, as well as changes in energy sources. The response to the second challenge includes, inter alia, electromobility. Technological advancement turned the electric vehicle into a real alternative to the conventional car, especially in urban areas. This enabled to reduce the negative impact of transport on the environment (e.g. reduced emission and energy consumption) which did not require a major increase in the use of public transport.

The transport of goods to customers is an important element of the operations of manufacturing enterprises. Optimally managed distribution network and vehicle fleet are the key factors that allow to significantly reduce delivery costs. Clearly visible effects of reducing transport costs can be obtained through proper route planning, including the order of serving individual recipients. The aim of the article is to present a way to find a solution that allows improving the distribution process of perishable products to many recipients on the example of one of the routes served by the example company. In finding the optimal solution, tools based on the optimization problem called the "traveling salesman problem" (TSP) were used. Tools have been described to facilitate better planning of delivery routes to recipients using one means of transport. An algorithm is presented that allows to optimize the use of the means of transport while reducing transport costs and increasing work efficiency by minimizing the time of transport service provision.

Electric bicycles are becoming more and more popular in Poland. They are a source of recreation and physical activity for people with cardiovascular or motor system diseases. The construction of these vehicles does not differ significantly from the ordinary bicycle, it is distinguished only by the engine and the battery, which help in the process of propulsion. The article describes the current state of development of electric bicycles in the aspect of their use as future-oriented ecological means of transport.

The article is focused on sustainable transport development solutions in cities, such as bike-sharing systems. We discuss the main principles of bike-sharing, its generations, types, and benefits to system users and entire urban transport systems. The aim of the article is to present a comparison of bikesharing systems found in Polish and Chinese cities. The authors also consider new market practices, which can be implemented when introducing or improving current bike-sharing systems.

The work was dedicated to the topic of “bike-sharing systems”, or short-term bicycle rentals, available in modern and smart cities. The aim of the article is to present how travel databases can facilitate management and development of bike-sharing solutions. The article is based on a case study of a bike-sharing system in Budapest. The article also includes a statistical analysis based on data collected in 2017 and 2018. Research results on travelling in specific years enable, among others, to predict seasonal changes, as well as determine the attractiveness of individual docking stations. The article contains selected research results in this area.

The paper describes car-sharing, a model of short-term rental of vehicles used in urban transport systems. The article focuses on the analysis of specific factors pertaining to car-sharing systems, such as their availability, car fleet operated and fees. For in-depth identification of the problem, selected systems operating in Europe and Asia have been examined. The review also covered both large operators, whose systems operate in several cities of a given country, as well as small operators, who have just entered the market. The aim of the paper is to review existing car-sharing systems in European and Asian cities. The analysis highlighted the differences between functioning systems. The experience in operating those systems can be a source of knowledge for operators and people managing urban transport systems when implementing new car-sharing services, as well as improving already existing systems.

The paper focuses on corporate social responsibility to employees in the context of transportation and logistics companies. It raises the issues related to the good practices of CSR in relation to labour practices. The study also discusses the approach to employees as stakeholders of the company. The transport and logistics branch is selected for analysis, due to its importance for the economy and the necessity of implementation the corporate social responsibility policy. The aim of the paper is to identify and assess ethics and labour practices in the context of logistics companies. It is achieved through the analysis of practices included in the companies’ CSR reports and reports ‘Responsible business in Poland’ issued by the Responsible Business Forum. The analysis is realized on the case of the two top companies that received the “CSR leaf” – a prestigious award for responsible business.

Diversity management is a long-term process, which more and more attention to attach organizations in all industries, including in the area of TSL (Transport-Shipping-Logistics). The key is to notice and appreciate the differences between employees and understand that proper working conditions allow for optimal use of the potential of a diverse team. The article explains the concept of diversity and corporate social responsibility, and also presented the organization's approach from the TSL sector to diversity.

The article was dedicated to the topic of energy consumption of driving cars equipped with an electric motor. Due to the emerging demands for the excessive use of energy by vehicles (including car-sharing system vehicles), the authors carried out research to determine factors that affect the energy consumption. Due to the occurrence of a research gap related to the lack of reliable scientific information regarding real electricity consumption by vehicles used in car-sharing systems, the authors attempted to determine these values based on the proposed research experiment. The purpose of the research was to identify factors that increase energy consumption while driving in the case of car-sharing systems and developing recommendations for users of car-sharing systems and system operators in relation to energy consumption. Based on data received from car-sharing system operators and to their demands that users move cars uneconomically and use too much energy, the authors performed a scientific experiment based on Hartley’s plan. The authors made journeys with electric cars from car-sharing (measurements) in order to compare real consumption with data obtained from operators. As a result, the authors developed a list of factors that negatively affect the energy consumption of electric vehicles from car-sharing systems. As conclusion, a number of recommendations were developed for car-sharing system operators on how to manage their systems to reduce excessive energy consumption in electric vehicles.

The transport system in many cities is becoming overloaded due to the increasing number of travels, a large share of which involve passenger cars. One of the solutions improving transport system functioning is based on a concept of changing the behaviour of travellers and of increasing the share of travels using means of transportation dedicated by the city (urban public transport, city bicycle and car rental systems). This change, even if implemented only on some travel sections, may lead to a substantial reduction of the negative impact of transport on the environment (in terms of emissions as well as of the space occupied). The paper proposes to integrate transport in cities by using automated multi-storey large-capacity garages in certain locations. A case study is also presented here for the Upper Silesian Conurbation, describing the potential impact on the transport system in that urban area. The proposed solution may also be used in different areas.

This thesis was conducted on one of the sustainable solution in mobility-shared, short-term service of using cars- car-sharing. In view of the growing popularity of car-sharing services in Polish towns and wide variety of functioning systems, the article presents current state of car-sharing systems in Poland. Authors present the review of Polish market. The analysis was performed on entities providing car-sharing recommending their services and their variety in depending upon registration in system, data verification, type of system and method of rental, localization, used fleet vehicles and cost of services.

Summary. The article was presented a practical approach to the non-profit national transport of domestic animals. Authors tried to create a kind of tutorial which would facilitate decisions associated with the animal transport. The article contains advices related to the safety of pets and their caregivers during the transport. Authors also discussed aspects of the dangers and penalties waiting drivers that transport their animals in incorrect way. In addition was presented range of security forms used in domestic transport (transporters, cages, transport bags etc.) and practical advices connected with parameters that need to be considered during buying appropriate security form.

The work was dedicated to the application of the concept of a system of urban public bicycle as an alternative means of transport in Polish cities. Authors presented operating systems on Polish territory, then referred to the usage statistics by individual customers self-service bike–sharing. They showed differences in the functioning and availability of systems and presenting in detail the principle of bike reservation by Wavelo system that is functioning in Cracow. The article also presents the advantages and disadvantages of the bike-sharing system. The aim of the study was to present the concept of self-service public bicycle rental system in Poland and its availability, popularity and prospects for future development.

The following paper is meant to illustrate the use of the idea of bike-sharing system in urban logistics. In their work, the authors referred to cycling in Poland and to the Poles’ attitude towards the use of the bike as an alternative means of transport in the city. The idea of self-service public bike rental system has been widely presented in the article. Further, the components of the architecture system have been discussed. The authors presented the principle of functioning of the self-service public bike rental system, called bike-sharing, as well as its transport accessibility in cities in Poland. Moreover, the authors illustrated the principle of functioning of the system by the case of public bike rental in the city of Katowice, called ‘City by Bike’, and in the city of Cracow, called ‘Wavelo’. The main aim of the work was to present the idea of self-service public bike rental (bike sharing), its functionality and chosen examples.

Short-term car-sharing rentals are becoming increasingly popular in the urban transport systems world-wide Along with their development, the existing concepts are being also improved e.g. by means of introducing new fleets of vehicles, improving the task-oriented efficiency of vehicles, as well as by maintaining the economic capacity of the system.According to the recent trend, many scientific studies are undertaken with an attempt to analyse various social, environmental or economic aspects related to the practical introduction of these systems. The niche area still to be exploited, however, is the research focusing directly on vehicles, i.e. a fleet of vehicles used in car-sharing systems, and on the issues related to its operation. The authors have focused basically on compiling a list of the most frequently used vehicles in car-sharing systems, defining vehicle classes and determining the type of their propulsion. Then they developed a list of maintenance issues, including daily service. Furthermore, they attempted to provide an inventory of main damages that may occur in car-sharing vehicles depending on the given vehicle mileage. The paper finally aims at raising awareness among the users of these systems regarding the activities related to the operation of a motor vehicle and its regular service.