114 results on '"Karnieli, A."'
Search Results
2. Assessment of plant species distribution and diversity along a climatic gradient from Mediterranean woodlands to semi-arid shrublands
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Tarin Paz-Kagan, Jisung Geba Chang, Maxim Shoshany, Arnon Karnieli, and Marcelo Sternberg
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Mediterranean climate ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Species distribution ,Distribution (economics) ,Woodland ,Arid ,Shrubland ,Plant species ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,Alpha diversity ,business - Abstract
Climate and land-use change profoundly affect plant species distribution (SD) and composition, and the impact of these processes is expected to increase in the coming years. As a proxy of global ch...
- Published
- 2021
3. Developing object-based image procedures for classifying and characterising different protected agriculture structures using LiDAR and orthophoto
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Arti Tiwari, Micha Silver, and Arnon Karnieli
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Strategic planning ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Orientation (computer vision) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Environmental resource management ,Orthophoto ,Soil Science ,Greenhouse ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Lidar ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Agriculture ,Sustainable agriculture ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Quality (business) ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science ,media_common - Abstract
Controlled environment conditions inside protected agriculture (PA) structures can lead to the development of sustainable agriculture. In developed countries, the rapid growth of technology of sustainable, environmentally friendly agriculture via greenhouses or net-houses is due to the significant changes in climate and increasing demand for quality products such as vegetables, fruits, herbs, etc. Therefore, there is a need to map and classify different types of PAs to help understand the pattern of crop production. Using remote sensing, the mapping of PAs has gained significant consideration in recent decades. The main goal of this study is to develop a cost-effective, novel approach to create object-based image procedures for classifying and characterising different structures of PAs. To fulfil this goal, the project integrates high-resolution orthophoto and LiDAR data. Eleven distinctive major PA classes were identified, differing in size, height, construction, shape, materials and orientation. The research was conducted over a cluster of PAs, in the Arava Valley, Wadi Araba, Israel, and demonstrated an overall accuracy and Kappa index of agreement (KIA) 92% and 0.91, respectively. Remote information and discrimination of different types of structures within a PA cluster can provide important data to decision-makers, managers, environmental protection officers and others. Authorities might infer data about the number of farms, what is being cultivating and when, or, if the PA is abandoned. Such information can also be used for quantifying damage, for predicting the dispersion of virus and help strategic planning.
- Published
- 2020
4. 23 How physicians’ trust in their patients impacts their communication and decision-making processes
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A Yoffe, O Karnieli-Miller, G Neufeld-Kroszynski, E Karnieli, O Mosenzon, and J Singer
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Persuasion ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Control (management) ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Disease ,Intimidation ,Feeling ,Nursing ,Perception ,Medicine ,Thematic analysis ,business ,Qualitative research ,media_common - Abstract
Background Patients’ trust in physicians has been identified as essential to establishing relationship, receiving reliable information and treatment adherence. Less is known about physicians’ trust in their patients. Physicians’ trust may play an important role especially during complex, long-term relationships with patients dealing with a chronic illness such as Diabetes. Aim To learn about physicians’ perceptions of trust in their patients and understand how these perceptions impact their patient-physician communication. Methods A qualitative study using an Immersion/Crystallization thematic analysis of 23 semi-structured interviews with physicians, specializing in Diabetes. Analysis included both horizontal (focusing on each interview separately) and vertical (comparing different interviews) analysis to learn how different physicians perceive their relationship with Diabetes patients and the communication skills they use. Results Physicians discussed the complexity in Diabetes care, including the need to rely on their patients to manage their disease and adhere to the challenging treatment plan. They mentioned their feeling of limited control over this adherence. Some have come to terms with this limited ‘control’ and accepted their reliance on the patient. These physicians invested in building a relationship and mutual trust with the patient, accepting his involvement as a key partner in treatment decision-making. Others, found relying on the patient challenging. They were concerned with their responsibility and felt frustrated and intimidated by the limited control. They invested in preserving and enhancing control over the decision-making, including using tactics and persuasion or intimidation, to increase adherence. Conclusions Physicians’ trust in their patients, and their perceptions and acceptance of the limited control, play a significant role in the way they communicate and share decisions. Providing them tools to reflect and deal with their perceptions, accepting the limited control, and enhancing their trust in their patients, can help them cope with these challenges and communicate in a more patient-centered manner.
- Published
- 2021
5. GLUT4-overexpressing engineered muscle constructs as a therapeutic platform to normalize glycemia in diabetic mice
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Chava Harel, Amira Klip, Shulamit Levenberg, Emily J. Gallagher, Eddy Karnieli, Margarita Beckerman, Derek LeRoith, Eli C. Lewis, Philip J. Bilan, and Inbal Michael
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medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,Type 2 diabetes ,Insulin resistance ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Health and Medicine ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,business.industry ,Glucose transporter ,SciAdv r-articles ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Skeletal muscle ,Diabetic mouse ,musculoskeletal system ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Applied Sciences and Engineering ,biology.protein ,Biomedicine and Life Sciences ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Function (biology) ,GLUT4 ,Research Article - Abstract
Description, GLUT4-overexpressing engineered muscle constructs improve mice diabetic state and show a potential as a therapeutic tool., Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is a main defect in type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is associated with impaired function and content of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). GLUT4 overexpression in skeletal muscle tissue can improve glucose homeostasis. Therefore, we created an engineered muscle construct (EMC) composed of GLUT4-overexpressing (OEG4) cells. The ability of the engineered implants to reduce fasting glucose levels was tested in diet-induced obesity mice. Decrease and stabilization of basal glucose levels were apparent up to 4 months after implantation. Analysis of the retrieved constructs showed elevated expression of myokines and proteins related to metabolic processes. In addition, we validated the efficiency of OEG4-EMCs in insulin-resistant mice. Following high glucose load administration, mice showed improved glucose tolerance. Our data indicate that OEG4-EMC implant is an efficient mode for restoring insulin sensitivity and improving glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice. Such procedure is a potential innovative modality for T2D therapy.
- Published
- 2021
6. The geometric phase in nonlinear frequency conversion
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Ady Arie, Aviv Karnieli, and Yongyao Li
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Quasi-phase-matching ,Physics ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,business.industry ,Holography ,Physics::Optics ,Nonlinear optics ,law.invention ,Nonlinear system ,Optics ,Geometric phase ,law ,Light beam ,business ,Circular polarization ,Photonic crystal - Abstract
The geometric phase of light has been demonstrated in various platforms of the linear optical regime, raising interest both for fundamental science as well as applications, such as flat optical elements. Recently, the concept of geometric phases has been extended to nonlinear optics, following advances in engineering both bulk nonlinear photonic crystals and nonlinear metasurfaces. These new technologies offer a great promise of applications for nonlinear manipulation of light. In this review, we cover the recent theoretical and experimental advances in the field of geometric phases accompanying nonlinear frequency conversion. We first consider the case of bulk nonlinear photonic crystals, in which the interaction between propagating waves is quasi-phase-matched, with an engineerable geometric phase accumulated by the light. Nonlinear photonic crystals can offer efficient and robust frequency conversion in both the linearized and fully-nonlinear regimes of interaction, and allow for several applications including adiabatic mode conversion, electromagnetic nonreciprocity and novel topological effects for light. We then cover the rapidly-growing field of nonlinear Pancharatnam-Berry metasurfaces, which allow the simultaneous nonlinear generation and shaping of light by using ultrathin optical elements with subwavelength phase and amplitude resolution. We discuss the macroscopic selection rules that depend on the rotational symmetry of the constituent meta-atoms, the order of the harmonic generations, and the change in circular polarization. Continuous geometric phase gradients allow the steering of light beams and shaping of their spatial modes. More complex designs perform nonlinear imaging and multiplex nonlinear holograms, where the functionality is varied according to the generated harmonic order and polarization. Recent advancements in the fabrication of three dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals, as well as the pursuit of quantum light sources based on nonlinear metasurfaces, offer exciting new possibilities for novel nonlinear optical applications based on geometric phases.
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- 2021
7. Combining machine learning and human reflective process for teaching communication skills
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Galit Neufeld-Kroszynski and Orit Karnieli-Miller
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Multimedia ,Process (engineering) ,business.industry ,Communication ,MEDLINE ,General Medicine ,computer.software_genre ,Education ,Machine Learning ,Text mining ,Humans ,Communication skills ,business ,Psychology ,computer ,Education, Medical, Undergraduate - Published
- 2020
8. Convolutional network architectures for super-resolution/sub-pixel mapping of drone-derived images
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Ittai Herrmann, P. V. Arun, Arnon Karnieli, and Krishna M. Budhiraju
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Network architecture ,Artificial neural network ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Multispectral image ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Pattern recognition ,02 engineering and technology ,Spectral bands ,01 natural sciences ,Convolutional neural network ,Kernel (image processing) ,Artificial Intelligence ,0103 physical sciences ,Signal Processing ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,010306 general physics ,business ,Image resolution ,Software - Abstract
Spatial resolution enhancement is a pre-requisite for integrating unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) datasets with the data from other sources. However, the mobility of UAV platforms, along with radiometric and atmospheric distortions, makes the task difficult. In this paper, various convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures are explored for resolving the issues related to sub-pixel classification and super-resolution of drone-derived datasets. The main contributions of this work are: 1) network-inversion based architectures for super-resolution and sub-pixel mapping of drone-derived images taking into account their spectral-spatial characteristics and the distortions prevalent in them 2) a feature-guided transformation for regularizing the inversion problem 3) loss functions for improving the spectral fidelity and inter-label compatibility of coarser to finer-scale mapping 4) use of multi-size kernel units for avoiding over-fitting. The proposed approach is the first of its kind in using neural network inversion for super-resolution and sub-pixel mapping. Experiments indicate that the proposed super-resolution approach gives better results in comparison with the sparse-code based approaches which generally result in corrupted dictionaries and sparse codes for multispectral aerial images. Also, the proposed use of neural network inversion, for projecting spatial affinities to sub-pixel maps, facilitates the consideration of coarser-scale texture and color information in modeling the finer-scale spatial-correlation. The simultaneous consideration of spectral bands, as proposed in this study, gives better super-resolution results when compared to the individual band enhancements. The proposed use of different data-augmentation strategies, for emulating the distortions, improves the generalization capability of the framework. Sensitivity of the proposed super-resolution and sub-pixel mapping frameworks with regard to the network parameters is thoroughly analyzed. The experiments over various standard datasets as well as those collected from known locations indicate that the proposed frameworks perform better when compared to the prominent published approaches.
- Published
- 2019
9. Inverse Design of Quantum Holograms in Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Photonic Crystals
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Alexander M. Bronstein, Ofir Yesharim, Eyal Rozenberg, Daniel Freedman, Ady Arie, Aviv Karnieli, and Sivan Trajtenberg-Mills
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FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Quantum optics ,Physics ,Quantum Physics ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,business.industry ,Holography ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Physics::Optics ,Inverse ,Quantum channel ,Machine Learning (cs.LG) ,law.invention ,Nonlinear system ,Optics ,law ,Differentiable function ,Quantum Physics (quant-ph) ,business ,Quantum ,Photonic crystal - Abstract
We introduce a systematic approach for designing 3D nonlinear photonic crystals and pump beams for generating desired quantum correlations between structured photon-pairs. Our model is fully differentiable, allowing accurate and efficient learning and discovery of novel designs., Comment: A supporting code will be published shortly
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- 2021
10. Smith-Purcell Metasurface Lens
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Shai Tsesses, Nika van Nielen, Albert Polman, Dolev Roitman, Matthias Liebtrau, Ido Kaminer, Aviv Karnieli, and Ady Arie
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Materials science ,business.industry ,Scanning electron microscope ,Physics::Optics ,Hyperspectral imaging ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Radiation ,law.invention ,Lens (optics) ,Wavelength ,Optics ,law ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,business ,Ultraviolet radiation ,Common emitter ,Visible spectrum - Abstract
We demonstrate focused emission of visible and near-infrared Smith-Purcell radiation by a free-electron-driven metasurface lens emitter. Our findings pave the way for free-electron light sources focusing at wavelengths lacking efficient optics.
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- 2021
11. Shaping quantum photonic states using free electrons
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Ori Reinhardt, Nicholas Rivera, Jonathan Nemirovsky, Aviv Karnieli, A. Ben Hayun, and Ido Kaminer
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Free electron model ,Photon ,Physics::Optics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Quantum entanglement ,Electron ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Fock state ,Spontaneous parametric down-conversion ,Quantum state ,Quantum mechanics ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,Quantum ,Research Articles ,030304 developmental biology ,Quantum optics ,Physics ,Quantum Physics ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,SciAdv r-articles ,Optics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,Coherent states ,Photonics ,Atomic physics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Quantum Physics (quant-ph) ,Research Article - Abstract
The interactions of free electrons with optical cavities enable the creation of novel quantum photonic states., It is a long-standing goal to create light with unique quantum properties such as squeezing and entanglement. We propose the generation of quantum light using free-electron interactions, going beyond their already ubiquitous use in generating classical light. This concept is motivated by developments in electron microscopy, which recently demonstrated quantum free-electron interactions with light in photonic cavities. Such electron microscopes provide platforms for shaping quantum states of light through a judicious choice of the input light and electron states. Specifically, we show how electron energy combs implement photon displacement operations, creating displaced-Fock and displaced-squeezed states. We develop the theory for consecutive electron-cavity interactions with a common cavity and show how to generate any target Fock state. Looking forward, exploiting the degrees of freedom of electrons, light, and their interaction may achieve complete control over the quantum state of the generated light, leading to novel light statistics and correlations.
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- 2021
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12. Simulating the Quantum Correlations of Structured Photons
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Ady Arie, Eli Megidish, Noa Voloch-Bloch, Aviv Karnieli, Sivan Trajtenberg-Mills, and Hagai S. Eisenberg
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Physics ,Photon ,business.industry ,Spectral properties ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Nonlinear optical crystal ,01 natural sciences ,010309 optics ,0103 physical sciences ,Statistical physics ,Nonclassical light ,Photonics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Quantum ,Quantum fluctuation ,Photonic crystal - Abstract
We introduce an efficient, nonperturbative method for calculating the first and second order quantum correlations of down converted photons that recovers experimental results. Our algorithm paves the way towards engineering arbitrarily structured nonclassical light.
- Published
- 2020
13. Deep feature learning and latent space encoding for crop phenology analysis
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Arnon Karnieli and Arun Pattathal
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Ground truth ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Deep learning ,General Engineering ,Pattern recognition ,Computer Science Applications ,Kernel (image processing) ,Discriminative model ,Artificial Intelligence ,Feature (computer vision) ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Feature learning ,Smoothing ,Interpolation - Abstract
The high spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions of the Vegetation and Environment monitoring New Micro-Satellite (VENµS) satellite data facilitate field-level phenological analysis of crops. This study proposes deep learning (DL) based approaches to resolve the issues prevalent in crop phenology-based fingerprint estimation at field-level using VENµS satellite data. An encoder-decoder-based framework, called piece-wise kernel encoding network (PKNet), is proposed for missing data imputation of the vegetation index (VI) curves derived from time-series image data. PKNet adopts interpolation-based convolution, dynamic time wrapping (DTW) based layer formulation, and imputation-specific constraints for optimal smoothing of the irregularly sampled VI curves. Besides, PKNet learns kernel parameters dynamically. A variational encoding framework called a dynamic-projection-based generalization network (DPGNet), is proposed to generalize the pixel-level VI curves to synthesize a representative VI curve for a given field. DPGNet is more effective than the use of multiple moments as it is resilient to outliers and learns normally distributed latent space with a small number of samples. The current research also proposes a classifier, called dynamic time wrapping based capsule network (DTCapsNet), which learns a discriminative latent space and accurately models the VI curve features. The DTCapsNet considers the time-series nature of the input using DTW-based convolution layers. The feature characterization improves generalizability and gives good results, even with a limited number of training samples. Experiments using the ground truth information and satellite images, acquired over two farms in Israel, illustrate that the proposed frameworks give better results than the commonly-used existing approaches.
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- 2022
14. Deep Learning-Based Phenological Event Modeling for Classification of Crops
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Arnon Karnieli and P. V. Arun
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Computer science ,Science ,Noise reduction ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Encoding (memory) ,denoising ,VENµS ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Interpretability ,deep learning ,phenological curves ,classification ,business.industry ,Deep learning ,Confusion matrix ,Pattern recognition ,Class (biology) ,Outlier ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Noise (video) ,Artificial intelligence ,business - Abstract
Classification of crops using time-series vegetation index (VI) curves requires appropriate modeling of phenological events and their characteristics. The current study explores the use of capsules, a group of neurons having an activation vector, to learn the characteristic features of the phenological curves. In addition, joint optimization of denoising and classification is adopted to improve the generalizability of the approach and to make it resilient to noise. The proposed approach employs reconstruction loss as a regularizer for classification, whereas the crop-type label is used as prior information for denoising. The activity vector of the class capsule is applied to sample the latent space conditioned on the cell state of a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) that integrates the sequences of the phenological events. Learning of significant phenological characteristics is facilitated by adversarial variational encoding in conjunction with constraints to regulate latent representations and embed label information. The proposed architecture, called the variational capsule network (VCapsNet), significantly improves the classification and denoising results. The performance of VCapsNet can be attributed to the suitable modeling of phenological events and the resilience to outliers and noise. The maxpooling-based capsule implementation yields better results, particularly with limited training samples, compared to the conventional implementations. In addition to the confusion matrix-based accuracy measures, this study illustrates the use of interpretability-based evaluation measures. Moreover, the proposed approach is less sensitive to noise and yields good results, even at shallower depths, compared to the main existing approaches. The performance of VCapsNet in accurately classifying wheat and barley crops indicates that the approach addresses the issues in crop-type classification. The approach is generic and effectively models the crop-specific phenological features and events. The interpretability-based evaluation measures further indicate that the approach successfully identifies the crop transitions, in addition to the planting, heading, and harvesting dates. Due to its effectiveness in crop-type classification, the proposed approach is applicable to acreage estimation and other applications in different scales.
- Published
- 2021
15. Personalized epigenetic management of diabetes
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Eddy Karnieli, Adriana Fodor, and Angela Cozma
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Epigenomics ,0301 basic medicine ,Biology ,Bioinformatics ,Diabetes Complications ,03 medical and health sciences ,Chronic hyperglycemia ,Diabetes mellitus ,microRNA ,Gene expression ,medicine ,Coding region ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Molecular Targeted Therapy ,Epigenetics ,Precision Medicine ,Gene ,Pharmacology ,Diabetic Retinopathy ,business.industry ,Inheritance (genetic algorithm) ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,030104 developmental biology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Cancer research ,Molecular Medicine ,Personalized medicine ,business ,Epigenetics of diabetes Type 2 - Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression allows the organism to respond/adapt to environmental conditions without changing the gene coding sequence. Epigenetic modifications have also been found to control gene expression in various diseases, including diabetes. Epigenetic changes induced by hyperglycemia in multiple target organs contribute to metabolic memory of diabetic complications. The long-lasting development of diabetic complications even after achieving glucose control has been partly attributed to epigenetic changes in target cells. Specific epigenetic drugs might rescue chromatin conformation associated to hyperglycemia possibly slowing down the onset of diabetes-related complications. The current review will describe the updated epigenetics in diabetes that can be used to personalize a more focused treatment.
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- 2017
16. Future approaches to facilitate large-scale adoption of thermal based images as key input in the production of dynamic irrigation management zones
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Arnon Karnieli, Nir Sochen, Victor Alchanatis, O. Beeri, Y.S Cohen, Iftach Klapp, and Nurit Agam
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Sharpening ,01 natural sciences ,Field (geography) ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Range (statistics) ,Key (cryptography) ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Satellite ,Irrigation management ,Scale (map) ,business ,Image resolution ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing - Abstract
To use VRI systems, a field is divided into irrigation management zones (IMZs). While IMZs are dynamic in nature, most of IMZs prescription maps are static. High-resolution thermal images (TI) coupled with measured atmospheric conditions have been utilized to map the within-field water status variability and to delineate in-season IMZs. Unfortunately, spaceborne TIs have coarse spatial resolution and aerial platforms require substantial financial investments, which may inhibit their large-scale adoption. Three approaches are proposed to facilitate large-scale adoption of TI-based IMZs: 1) increase of the capacity of aerial TI by enhancing their spatial resolution; 2) sharpening the spatial resolution of satellite TI by fusing satellite multi-spectral images in the visible-near-infrared (VIS-NIR) range; 3) increase the capacity of aerial TI by fusing satellite multi-spectral images in the VIS-NIR range. The scientific and engineering basis of each of the approaches is described together with initial results.
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- 2017
17. Was Drought Really the Trigger Behind the Syrian Civil War in 2011?
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Arnon Karnieli, Alexandra Shtein, Natalya Panov, Alon Tal, and Noam Weisbrod
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lcsh:Hydraulic engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Turkish ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0207 environmental engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,River water ,Proximate and ultimate causation ,Turkish Southeastern Anatolia Project ,lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,discharge ,lcsh:TC1-978 ,Political science ,Development economics ,Euphrates ,020701 environmental engineering ,reservoir water level ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,lcsh:TD201-500 ,Syrian Civil War ,business.industry ,Unrest ,language.human_language ,Spanish Civil War ,Agriculture ,language ,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) ,business ,transborder groundwater flow - Abstract
The role played by unsustainable resource management in initiating international conflicts is well documented. The Syrian Civil War, commencing in March 2011, presents such a case. The prevailing opinion links the unrest with sequential droughts occurring from 2007&ndash, 2010. Our research, however, reveals that the winter-rainfed agricultural conditions before 2011, as detected by satellite-derived vegetation indices, were similar and even better for Syrian farmers than for those of their Turkish counterparts across the border. Concurrently, summer-irrigated crops, heavily dependent on Euphrates River water originating from Turkey, notably declined in Syria while flourishing in Turkey. These findings are firmly supported by other independent and validated datasets, including long-term cross-border discharge, the water level in Syrian and Turkish reservoirs, and transborder groundwater flow. We conclude that the Turkish policy of unilaterally diverting the Euphrates water was the main reason for the agricultural collapse and subsequent instability in Syria in 2011. The obvious inference is that while prolonged drought exacerbated conditions, unsustainable anthropogenic water management in Turkey was the proximate cause behind the Syrian uprising.
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- 2019
18. 1172-P: GLUT4-Overexpressing Engineered Muscle Tissue Implants as a Potential Novel Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes: Lessons from Diabetic Mice
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Chava Harel, Derek LeRoith, Eddy Karnieli, Shulamit Levenberg, Philip J. Bilan, Emily J. Gallagher, Margarita Beckerman, and Amira Klip
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Muscle tissue ,Glucose tolerance test ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Skeletal muscle ,Type 2 diabetes ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Insulin resistance ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Glucose homeostasis ,business ,GLUT4 - Abstract
In spite of current therapy protocols many T2DM patients fail to achieve blood glucose homeostasis goals. Insulin resistance in T2DM is associated with impaired GLUT4 function and cellular content. Thus, our aim was to improve overall glucose homeostasis by constructing engineered muscle tissue, using genetically modified skeletal muscle cells that over-express the GLUT4 transporter (OEG4). The OEG4 cells were grafted on biodegradable scaffolds and cultured to allow the formation of engineered muscle tissue constructs (EMC). Using an in-vitro 2-deoxyglucos (DOG) uptake assay, the OEG4-EMCs showed a 1.8-fold increase in DOG uptake with insulin stimulation, compared to unmodified controls. For in-vivo efficacy evaluation OEG4-EMCs and empty constructs, not seeded with cells, as control were implanted in the abdominal wall of immunodeficient recombination-activating gene 1 (Rag1)/MKR mice model of T2DM. Following i.p glucose tolerance test mice implanted with OEG4-EMCs had significantly (p Disclosure M. Beckerman: None. E. Karnieli: None. C. Harel: None. A. Klip: None. P.J. Bilan: None. E. Gallagher: None. D. LeRoith: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, MannKind Corporation. S. Levenberg: None. Funding Rina and Avner Schneur Charitable Giving Fund
- Published
- 2019
19. Liraglutide and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
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Mann JFE, Ørsted DD, Brown-Frandsen K, Marso SP, Poulter NR, Rasmussen S, Tornøe K, Zinman B, Buse JB, LEADER Steering Committee and Investigators. Bergenstal R, Daniels G, Moses AC, Nauck M, Nissen S, Pocock S, Steinberg W, Stockner M, Kristensen P, Ravn LS, Zychma M, Flyvbjerg A, Ford I, Kloos RT, Schactman MJ, Sleight P, Swedberg K, Tenner SM, Akalın S, Arechavaleta R, Bain S, Babkowski MC, Benroubi M, Berard L, Comlekci A, Czupryniak L, Eliasson B, Eriksson M, Fonseca V, Franek E, Gross J, Hafidh K, Haluzik M, Hayes F, Huang YY, Jacob S, Kaddaha G, Khalil A, Kilhovd B, Laakso M, Leiter L, Lalic N, Ji L, Luedemann J, Mannucci E, Marre M, Masmiquel L, Mota M, Omar M, O’Shea D, Pan C, Petrie J, Pieber T, Pratley R, Raz I, Rea R, Rutten G, Satman I, Shestakova M, Simpson R, Smith D, Tack C, Tarnow L, Thomas N, Van Gaal L, Travert F, Vidal J, Warren M, Yoon KH, Tuttle RM, Sheerman SI, Hegedüs L, Baerwald H, Bergenstal M, Celik S, Dias C, Eder M, Fitzgibbons S, Irvhage L, Kloluckova J, Kriulianski R, McDuffie R, Moen S, Paster A, Saalfeld RM, Sankar K, Shehaj E, Swierzewska P, Tiktin M, Tovey S, Gibson CM, Chakrabarti AK, Dashe JF, 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E, Martinez G, Martinez-Miss S, Marx P, Massara L, Mastoor M, Matfin G, Maturu A, Maurides P, May M, Mayfield R, Maynard B, Mazza A, McCann K, McCoy J, McCoy T, McCullen MK, McDaniel C, McDaniel AM, McDermott M, McDonald A, McMasters B, McMurray C, Medlin T, Meinel M, Mendez I, Menefee J, Meredith M, Merriweather M, Mersey J, Messino C, Meyer S, Meyers L, Michael D, Midyett C, Miklius A, Milford E, Miller B, Miller H, Milligan M, Minor A, Miranda-Palma B, Mirarchi N, Mittadodla S, Mittle J, Moffat A, Mohaupt S, Mohiuddin K, Mokshagundam S, Monaco S, Monsaert R, Montano-Pereira C, Montgomery A, Moody K, Moon M, Moore D, Moore L, Morawski E, Moreau C, Morin D, Moscoa C, Motzkin C, Mueller R, Munoz C, Munoz M, Myneni A, Naderi B, Nagireddy P, Naidu J, Naidu R, Naik S, Naimark R, Nardicchi M, Ndukwu I, Neller C, Netten-Foster L, Neumiller J, New T, Newman S, Newton T, Nguyen B, Nicol B, Nicol P, Ninivaggi L, Niswender K, Norman L, Noworatzky G, Nyenwe E, O'Brien H, O'Connell T, Oden W, Odugbesan A, Oliver M, Oliver T, Olmeda C, O'Neil C, Oremus R, Ortega T, Ortiz-Santos S, Osborn T, Padmanabhan S, Papacostea O, Park I, Parker A, Parker K, Parker R, Patel C, Patel M, Patel R, Patino M, Patterson S, Paulson K, Paz A, Pemba R, Pepe C, Perez J, Perez T, Perry D, Phillips B, Phillips J, Pickett A, Pinson M, Pitzer R, Poduri M, Poehls J, Poteat T, Powell L, Prasad S, Prevost J, Price E, Priest D, Prieto L, Purewal T, Purighalla R, Purighalla U, Quadrel M, Qureshi A, Radhamma R, Rafla E, Rajab H, Ramalingam R, Ramirez A, Ramirez J, Ramirez K, Ramirez M, Randall M, Rangaraj U, Rao V, Rasmussen P, Rasouli N, Ray A, Reed J, Rems L, Renaud K, Reno M, Resnick M, Reusch J, Reynolds L, Rhoton K, Rhudy J, Ricci C, Rice L, Richardson A, Richardson L, Rickard H, Rickels M, Riff D, Rightenour N, Risser J, Rizvi A, Robertson J, Robinson A, Robinson R, Rockwell M, Rodriguez JP, Rodriguez M, Rojas M, Rojas W, Rooker-Morris L, Root C, Rose M, Rosenberg R, Rosenstock J, Roth M, Ruby R, Sachson R, Sack P, Sadler RK, Sahai S, Salazar J, Salgam M, Samal A, Samson A, Sanagorski R, Sanchez A, Sandberg J, Sanderson M, Sandoval J, Santiago E, Sapp T, Saunders J, Schill J, Schott C, Schreiman R, Schu D, Schuh K, Schutta M, Schwartz J, Schweppe L, Scofield H, Scribner A, Seal J, Sealock J, Seaton B, Sedlak-Hanslik T, Seekins K, Segal M, Seggelke S, Semenza S, Sentman P, Serra M, Seshadri P, Sevilla E, Shah S, Shaheen K, Shanik M, Shaw J, Sheets M, Shellabarger C, Sher J, Shippey J, Shivaswamy V, Shomali M, Shore D, Shroff P, Siddiqui T, Siegwald A, Silver R, Simmons D, Simons R, Sinan A, Singh M, Sirinvaravong S, Skero J, Slover-Zipf J, Small S, Smith B, Smith K, Smith M, Sohl J, Solarz SH, Soler D, Sood A, Sora N, Souchet A, Soule J, Sparks J, Spector L, Speicher R, Spillers L, Spivey T, Springer N, Sprouse H, St John J, Stacey A, Stacey H, Stafford M, Stagner E, Staples K, Steadman E, Steed R, Steeves G, Steinberg H, Stell C, Stirman E, Straub K, Strock E, Sue M, Suris O, Sutton T, Tabbah I, Talsania M, Tang R, Tapia J, Taylor K, Taylor-Hancher R, Teator R, Tekateka M, Temple B, Temple K, Teodori M, Tharp P, Thethi T, Theuma P, Thomas S, Thottan A, Thrasher J, Thrasher L, Tiemeyer M, Tinney I, Tobin T, Toma S, Tovar M, Townsend J, Trantow C, Traylor H, Trevino M, Troy M, Trumper D, Tryggestad J, Tucker C, Turner J, Turney R, Tuten C, Tyzack J, Ullo L, Underkofler C, Unger J, Urdanetta R, Valdivia V, Valenti S, Vanderheiden A, Vanderlinde-Wood M, Varma C, Vasquez E, Vazquez M, Vickery D, Villafuerte B, Villegas C, Vivar J, Vivekananthan K, Vo G, Vukojicic K, Wachter A, Wahl D, Waitmann J, Walker D, Walsh J, Walsh K, Walton A, Wang A, Wardell K, Watkins S, Watkinson J, Watts M, Watwe V, Weaver N, Weber R, Wedick C, Weeks D, Weeks L, Weindorff K, Weinstein R, Weiss S, Wenger K, Wentworth M, Werner A, West M, Whelan S, White B, White J, Whitmire M, Whittington R, Wical J, Wigley C, Wilkins F, Will K, Williams A, Wilson LE, Wince M, Wine S, Winkle P, Winner C, Wise J, Witte M, Wittenmyer J, Wood C, Wood R, Woodruff C, Worthington B, Wynn D, Wysham C, Xavier P, Yela S, Yenoby L, Young L, Younus N, Yourell V, Zaid M, Zubair I., Mann, Jfe, Ørsted, Dd, Brown-Frandsen, K, Marso, Sp, Poulter, Nr, Rasmussen, S, Tornøe, K, Zinman, B, Buse, Jb, Bergenstal R, LEADER Steering Committee and Investigators., Daniels, G, Moses, Ac, Nauck, M, Nissen, S, Pocock, S, Steinberg, W, Stockner, M, Kristensen, P, Ravn, L, Zychma, M, Flyvbjerg, A, Ford, I, Kloos, Rt, Schactman, Mj, Sleight, P, Swedberg, K, Tenner, Sm, Akalın, S, Arechavaleta, R, Bain, S, Babkowski, Mc, Benroubi, M, Berard, L, Comlekci, A, Czupryniak, L, Eliasson, B, Eriksson, M, Fonseca, V, Franek, E, Gross, J, Hafidh, K, Haluzik, M, Hayes, F, Huang, Yy, Jacob, S, Kaddaha, G, Khalil, A, Kilhovd, B, Laakso, M, Leiter, L, Lalic, N, Ji, L, Luedemann, J, Mannucci, E, Marre, M, Masmiquel, L, Mota, M, Omar, M, O’Shea, D, Pan, C, Petrie, J, Pieber, T, Pratley, R, Raz, I, Rea, R, Rutten, G, Satman, I, 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Naidu, J, Naidu, R, Naik, S, Naimark, R, Nardicchi, M, Ndukwu, I, Neller, C, Netten-Foster, L, Neumiller, J, New, T, Newman, S, Newton, T, Nguyen, B, Nicol, B, Nicol, P, Ninivaggi, L, Niswender, K, Norman, L, Noworatzky, G, Nyenwe, E, O'Brien, H, O'Connell, T, Oden, W, Odugbesan, A, Oliver, M, Oliver, T, Olmeda, C, O'Neil, C, Oremus, R, Ortega, T, Ortiz-Santos, S, Osborn, T, Padmanabhan, S, Papacostea, O, Park, I, Parker, A, Parker, K, Parker, R, Patel, C, Patel, M, Patel, R, Patino, M, Patterson, S, Paulson, K, Paz, A, Pemba, R, Pepe, C, Perez, J, Perez, T, Perry, D, Phillips, B, Phillips, J, Pickett, A, Pinson, M, Pitzer, R, Poduri, M, Poehls, J, Poteat, T, Powell, L, Prasad, S, Prevost, J, Price, E, Priest, D, Prieto, L, Purewal, T, Purighalla, R, Purighalla, U, Quadrel, M, Qureshi, A, Radhamma, R, Rafla, E, Rajab, H, Ramalingam, R, Ramirez, A, J, Ramirez, Ramirez, K, Ramirez, M, Randall, M, Rangaraj, U, Rao, V, Rasmussen, P, Rasouli, N, Ray, A, Reed, J, Rems, L, Renaud, K, Reno, M, Resnick, M, Reusch, J, Reynolds, L, Rhoton, K, Rhudy, J, Ricci, C, Rice, L, Richardson, A, Richardson, L, Rickard, H, Rickels, M, Riff, D, Rightenour, N, Risser, J, Rizvi, A, Robertson, J, Robinson, A, Robinson, R, Rockwell, M, Rodriguez, Jp, Rodriguez, M, Rojas, M, Rojas, W, Rooker-Morris, L, Root, C, Rose, M, Rosenberg, R, Rosenstock, J, Roth, M, Ruby, R, Sachson, R, Sack, P, Sadler, Rk, Sahai, S, J, Salazar, Salgam, M, Samal, A, Samson, A, Sanagorski, R, Sanchez, A, Sandberg, J, Sanderson, M, Sandoval, J, Santiago, E, Sapp, T, Saunders, J, Schill, J, Schott, C, Schreiman, R, Schu, D, Schuh, K, Schutta, M, Schwartz, J, Schweppe, L, Scofield, H, Scribner, A, Seal, J, Sealock, J, Seaton, B, Sedlak-Hanslik, T, Seekins, K, Segal, M, Seggelke, S, Semenza, S, Sentman, P, Serra, M, Seshadri, P, Sevilla, E, Shah, S, Shaheen, K, Shanik, M, Shaw, J, Sheets, M, Shellabarger, C, Sher, J, Shippey, J, Shivaswamy, V, Shomali, M, Shore, D, Shroff, P, Siddiqui, T, Siegwald, A, Silver, R, Simmons, D, Simons, R, Sinan, A, Singh, M, Sirinvaravong, S, Skero, J, Slover-Zipf, J, Small, S, Smith, B, Smith, K, Smith, M, Sohl, J, Solarz, Sh, Soler, D, Sood, A, Sora, N, Souchet, A, Soule, J, Sparks, J, Spector, L, Speicher, R, Spillers, L, Spivey, T, Springer, N, Sprouse, H, St John, J, Stacey, A, Stacey, H, Stafford, M, Stagner, E, Staples, K, Steadman, E, Steed, R, Steeves, G, Steinberg, H, Stell, C, Stirman, E, Straub, K, Strock, E, Sue, M, Suris, O, Sutton, T, Tabbah, I, Talsania, M, Tang, R, Tapia, J, Taylor, K, Taylor-Hancher, R, Teator, R, Tekateka, M, Temple, B, Temple, K, Teodori, M, Tharp, P, Thethi, T, Theuma, P, Thomas, S, Thottan, A, Thrasher, J, Thrasher, L, Tiemeyer, M, Tinney, I, Tobin, T, Toma, S, Tovar, M, Townsend, J, Trantow, C, Traylor, H, Trevino, M, Troy, M, Trumper, D, Tryggestad, J, Tucker, C, Turner, J, Turney, R, Tuten, C, Tyzack, J, Ullo, L, Underkofler, C, Unger, J, Urdanetta, R, Valdivia, V, Valenti, S, Vanderheiden, A, Vanderlinde-Wood, M, Varma, C, Vasquez, E, Vazquez, M, Vickery, D, Villafuerte, B, Villegas, C, Vivar, J, Vivekananthan, K, Vo, G, Vukojicic, K, Wachter, A, Wahl, D, Waitmann, J, Walker, D, Walsh, J, Walsh, K, Walton, A, Wang, A, Wardell, K, Watkins, S, Watkinson, J, Watts, M, Watwe, V, Weaver, N, Weber, R, Wedick, C, Weeks, D, Weeks, L, Weindorff, K, Weinstein, R, Weiss, S, Wenger, K, Wentworth, M, Werner, A, West, M, Whelan, S, White, B, White, J, Whitmire, M, Whittington, R, Wical, J, Wigley, C, Wilkins, F, Will, K, Williams, A, Wilson, Le, Wince, M, Wine, S, Winkle, P, Winner, C, Wise, J, Witte, M, Wittenmyer, J, Wood, C, Wood, R, Woodruff, C, Worthington, B, Wynn, D, Wysham, C, Xavier, P, Yela, S, Yenoby, L, Young, L, Younus, N, Yourell, V, Zaid, M, Zubair, I., Mann J.F.E., Orsted D.D., Brown-Frandsen K., Marso S.P., Poulter N.R., Rasmussen S., Tornoe K., Zinman B., Buse J.B., and Buscemi S.
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Male ,Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna ,Acute Kidney Injury ,Aged ,Albuminuria ,Creatinine ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Diabetic Nephropathies ,Double-Blind Method ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,Glomerular Filtration Rate ,Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Intention to Treat Analysis ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Liraglutide ,Middle Aged ,Type 2 diabetes ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,urologic and male genital diseases ,GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE ,KIDNEY-FUNCTION ,DISEASE ,law.invention ,Kidney Failure ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Medicine ,Settore MED/49 - Scienze Tecniche Dietetiche Applicate ,Chronic ,RISK ,Kidney ,Acute kidney injury ,11 Medical And Health Sciences ,General Medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,TRIAL ,liraglutide, randomized controlled trial, type 2 diabetes, renal outcomes ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Type 2 ,medicine.drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Renal function ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES ,Follow-Up Studie ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medicine, General & Internal ,General & Internal Medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Intensive care medicine ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,MORTALITY ,medicine.disease ,INTENSIVE GLUCOSE CONTROL ,INDIVIDUALS ,chemistry ,Diabetic Nephropathie ,LEADER Steering Committee and Investigators ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: In a randomized, controlled trial that compared liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk who were receiving usual care, we found that liraglutide resulted in lower risks of the primary end point (nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes) and death. However, the long-term effects of liraglutide on renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown. METHODS: We report the prespecified secondary renal outcomes of that randomized, controlled trial in which patients were assigned to receive liraglutide or placebo. The secondary renal outcome was a composite of new-onset persistent macroalbuminuria, persistent doubling of the serum creatinine level, end-stage renal disease, or death due to renal disease. The risk of renal outcomes was determined with the use of time-to-event analyses with an intention-to-treat approach. Changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria were also analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 9340 patients underwent randomization, and the median follow-up of the patients was 3.84 years. The renal outcome occurred in fewer participants in the liraglutide group than in the placebo group (268 of 4668 patients vs. 337 of 4672; hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67 to 0.92; P=0.003). This result was driven primarily by the new onset of persistent macroalbuminuria, which occurred in fewer participants in the liraglutide group than in the placebo group (161 vs. 215 patients; hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.91; P=0.004). The rates of renal adverse events were similar in the liraglutide group and the placebo group (15.1 events and 16.5 events per 1000 patient-years), including the rate of acute kidney injury (7.1 and 6.2 events per 1000 patient-years, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This prespecified secondary analysis shows that, when added to usual care, liraglutide resulted in lower rates of the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease than placebo. (Funded by Novo Nordisk and the National Institutes of Health; LEADER ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01179048 .).
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- 2017
20. Challenges of implementing personalized (precision) medicine: a focus on diabetes
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Adriana Fodor and Eddy Karnieli
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0301 basic medicine ,Pharmacology ,Focus (computing) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Knowledge management ,business.industry ,Alternative medicine ,Medical practice ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,General Medicine ,Precision medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Molecular Medicine ,Medicine ,Personalized medicine ,business ,Adaptation (computer science) ,Healthcare providers ,Medical systems - Abstract
The concept of personalized (precision) medicine (PM) emphasizes the scientific and technological innovations that enable the physician to tailor disease prediction, diagnosis and treatment to the individual patient, based on a personalized data-driven approach. The major challenge for the medical systems is to translate the molecular and genomic advances into clinical available means. Patients and healthcare providers, the pharmaceutical and diagnostic industries manifest a growing interest in PM. Multiple stakeholders need adaptation and re-engineering for successful clinical implementation of PM. Drawing primarily from the field of ‘diabetes’, this article will summarize the main challenges to implementation of PM into current medical practice and some of the approaches currently being implemented to overcome these challenges.
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- 2016
21. Shared Decision Making During Active Psychiatric Hospitalization: Assessment and Psychometric Properties
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David Roe, Isabelle Scholl, Orit Karnieli-Miller, Yaara Zisman-Ilani, and Martin Härter
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Psychometrics ,Decision Making ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Intervention (counseling) ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Psychiatry ,Routine care ,Reliability (statistics) ,Physician-Patient Relations ,business.industry ,Mental Disorders ,030503 health policy & services ,Communication ,Reproducibility of Results ,Middle Aged ,Mental health ,Self Efficacy ,Hospitalization ,Convergent validity ,Scale (social sciences) ,Cohort ,Female ,Patient Participation ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Construct (philosophy) ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Encouraging patients to be involved in their care and enhancing shared decision making (SDM) have been advocated over the past two decades as means to enhance patient-centered care. However, one of the barriers to implementing SDM in medical consultations is the need to adapt this approach to various populations and medical settings, including mental health, and developing reliable and practical methods for measuring and assessing SDM. This article presents the psychometric properties and validity of an adapted scale, SDM-Q-9-Psy, that assesses SDM in routine care among psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatric inpatients were assigned into an SDM intervention cohort (n = 46) or a control cohort (n = 40). The adapted scale was administered after a decision-making process. The scale was subsequently psychometrically tested via factor and reliability analyses. It was also tested for convergent validity and for its ability to distinguish the degree of SDM between the intervention and control groups (construct validity). The SDM-Q-9-Psy scale yielded a Cronbach's α of .94. Convergent and construct validity parameters were good. The SDM-Q-9-Psy scale can be used to evaluate SDM from psychiatric inpatients' perspective and to provide rapid feedback to mental health professionals, enabling them to monitor their decision-making practice in real-time clinical consultations.
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- 2016
22. A within-season approach for detecting early growth stages in corn and soybean using high temporal and spatial resolution imagery
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Martha C. Anderson, Craig S. T. Daughtry, W. Dean Hively, William P. Kustas, Feng Gao, and Arnon Karnieli
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Biomass (ecology) ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Phenology ,business.industry ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Soil Science ,Growing season ,Geology ,02 engineering and technology ,Vegetation ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,020801 environmental engineering ,Crop ,Agriculture ,Stage (hydrology) ,Physical geography ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,Scale (map) ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing - Abstract
Crop emergence date is a critical input to models of crop development and biomass accumulation. The ability to robustly detect and map emergence date using remote sensing would greatly benefit operational yield estimation and crop monitoring efforts; however, this has proven to be challenging. Previous remote-sensing phenology algorithms showed that crop stages can typically be detected starting only around the V3-V4 (3 to 4 established leaves) vegetative stage. Furthermore, traditional approaches have a strong assumption regarding the temporal evolution of plant growth and normally require a complete growth period of observations to define seasonal changes. Most approaches were not designed for within-season operational mapping, particularly in the early growing season. In the current paper, we describe a new within-season emergence (WISE) approach to mapping crop green-up date using satellite observations available during early growth stages. The approach was first optimized using high spatiotemporal resolution (10 m, 2-day revisit) imagery from the Vegetation and Environment monitoring New MicroSatellite (VENμS) research mission, and assessed using ground observations of early crop growth stages (emergence VE and one leaf V1 stages for corn, and emergence VE and unifoliolate VC stages for soybeans) collected over the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC) experimental fields in Beltsville, MD during the 2019 growing season. Results show that early crop growth stages can be reliably detected at sub-field scale about two weeks after crop emergence. The remote-sensing green-up dates were about 4–5 days after crop emergence on average. Coefficients of determination (R2) between green-up dates and the mid-point dates of the early growth stages were above 0.90. The mean absolute differences, standard deviations, and root mean square errors comparing to the early growth stage mid-point dates were within six days. The maximum differences were within ±10 days across all fields. The WISE approach was assessed using operational Sentinel-2 data (10 m, 5-day revisit) over BARC. The detected green-up dates from Sentinel-2 were consistent with those from VENμS. Some fields were not detected due to the lack of observations around the emergence dates. For independent evaluation, the WISE approach was applied over an agricultural watershed on the Maryland Eastern Shore using both VENμS and the Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) data (30 m, 3–4-day revisit). The detected green-up dates were compared with emergence dates in crop progress reports from the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) at the state-level. The WISE-detected green-up dates at the regional scale are within VE stage ranges but slightly earlier than NASS crop progress reports at the state-level. The WISE approach uses remote-sensing observations during the early crop growth stages and has potential for operational application within the season using Sentinel-2 and HLS data.
- Published
- 2020
23. Simulating Correlations of Structured Spontaneously Down‐Converted Photon Pairs
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Aviv Karnieli, Hagai S. Eisenberg, Sivan Trajtenberg-Mills, Eli Megidish, Noa Voloch-Bloch, and Ady Arie
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Physics ,Quantum optics ,Photon ,Optics ,Spontaneous parametric down-conversion ,business.industry ,Vortex beam ,Nonlinear optics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,business ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Structured light - Published
- 2020
24. Object-Based Image Procedures for Assessing the Solar Energy Photovoltaic Potential of Heterogeneous Rooftops Using Airborne LiDAR and Orthophoto
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Arnon Karnieli, Isaac A. Meir, and Arti Tiwari
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Science ,020209 energy ,aspect-slope map ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,solar energy photovoltaic potential ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Roof ,lidar ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Remote sensing ,orthophoto ,business.industry ,Orientation (computer vision) ,segmentation ,Photovoltaic system ,Orthophoto ,Solar energy ,Renewable energy ,Lidar ,object-based image analysis ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,business ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
Available renewable energy resources play a vital role in fulfilling the energy demands of the increasing global population. To create a sustainable urban environment with the use of renewable energy in human habitats, a precise estimation of solar energy on building roofs is essential. The primary goal of this paper is to develop a procedure for measuring the rooftop solar energy photovoltaic potential over a heterogeneous urban environment that allows the estimation of solar energy yields on flat and pitched roof surfaces at different slopes and in different directions, along with multi-segment roofs on a single building. Because of the complex geometry of roofs, very high-resolution data, such as ortho-rectified aerial photography (orthophotos), and LiDAR data have been used to generate a new object-based algorithm to classify buildings. An overall accuracy index and a Kappa index of agreement (KIA) of 97.39% and 0.95, respectively, were achieved. The paper also develops a new model to create an aspect-slope map, which combines slope orientation with the gradient of the slope and uses it to demonstrate the collective results. This study allows the assessment of solar energy yields through defining solar irradiances in units of pixels over a specific time period. It might be beneficial in terms of more efficient measurements for solar panel installations and more accurate calculations of solar radiation for residents and commercial energy investors.
- Published
- 2020
25. Electron beam detection of cobalt trench embedded voids enabling improved process control for Middle-Of-Line at the 7nm node and beyond
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Jennifer Tseng, Nikolaos Bekiaris, Amir Wachs, Abhinav Kumar, Dror Shemesh, Raymond Hung, Kuchik Vadim, K. Nafisi, Jonathan R. Bakke, Michael Chudzik, A. Litman, A. Karnieli, Nicolas Breil, Mehul Naik, Jin Hee Park, N. Khasgiwale, and Jorge Pablo Fernandez
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Void (astronomy) ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Scanning electron microscope ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Tungsten ,Metrology ,chemistry ,Trench ,Cathode ray ,Optoelectronics ,Process control ,business ,Cobalt - Abstract
Inline detection of embedded voids within Middle-Of-Line (MOL) cobalt metal lines is a major industry gap at 7nm technology node and below, for both developing the new metallization solutions, as well as for monitoring during ramp and production. We present a new non-destructive electron beam cobalt void detection method, leveraging an improved scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging technique, which enable an accurate detection of voids embedded inside MOL metal trenches. After explaining the potential process mechanisms causing void formation, we introduce the e-beam technique, and demonstrate by simulation and experiments the correlation between the electron signal and the volume and depth of the voids. We conclude this paper by discussing how a defect inspection strategy using a massive metrology approach can lead to a faster and more efficient development of the Cobalt metallization.
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- 2017
26. Comparing the Effect of Preprocessing Transformations on Methods of Land-Use Classification Derived From Spectral Soil Measurements
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Offer Rozenstein, Christoph Salbach, Arnon Karnieli, and Tarin Paz-Kagan
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Atmospheric Science ,Multivariate statistics ,business.industry ,Pattern recognition ,Generalized least squares ,Linear discriminant analysis ,Weighting ,Random forest ,Partial least squares regression ,Preprocessor ,Radio frequency ,Artificial intelligence ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,business ,Mathematics ,Remote sensing - Abstract
Advanced classifiers, e.g., partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and random forests (RF), have been recently used to model reflectance spectral data in general, and of soil properties in particular, since their spectra are multivariate and highly collinear. Preprocessing transformations (PPTs) can improve the classification accuracy by increasing the variability between classes while decreasing the variability within classes. Such PPTs are common practice prior to a PLS-DA, but are rarely used for RF. The objectives of this paper are twofold: to compare the performances of PLS-DA and RF for modeling the spectral reflectance of soil in changed land-uses with different treatments and to compare the effects of nine different PPTs on the prediction accuracy of each of these classification methods. Differences in six physical, biological, and chemical soil properties of changed land-uses from the northern Negev Desert in Israel were evaluated. Significant differences were found between soil properties, which are used to classify land-uses and treatments. Depending on the dataset, different PPTs improved the classification accuracy by 11%–24% and 32%–42% for PLS-DA and RF, respectively, in comparison to the spectra without PPT. Out of the PPTs tested, the generalized least squares weighting (GLSW)-based transformations were found to be the most effective for most classifications using both PLS-DA and RF. Our results show that both PLS-DA and RF are suitable classifiers for spectral data, provided that an appropriate PPT is applied.
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- 2015
27. Ground-Level Classification of a Coral Reef Using a Hyperspectral Camera
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Arnon Karnieli and Tamir Caras
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spectroscopy ,Computer science ,Context (language use) ,PLS-DA ,Field (computer science) ,Spectral line ,remote sensing ,Computer vision ,lcsh:Science ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Contextual image classification ,business.industry ,Hyperspectral imaging ,Pattern recognition ,Coral reef ,Linear discriminant analysis ,Ground level ,Thematic map ,hyperspectral ,classification ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,coral reef ,lcsh:Q ,Artificial intelligence ,business - Abstract
Especially in the remote sensing context, thematic classification is a desired product for coral reef surveys. This study presents a novel statistical-based image classification approach, namely Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), capable of doing so. Three classification models were built and implemented for the images while the fourth was a combination of spectra from all three images together. The classification was optimised by using pre-processing transformations (PPTs) and post-classification low-pass filtering. Despite the fact that the images were acquired under different conditions and quality, the best classification model was achieved by combining spectral training samples from three images (accuracy 0.63 for all classes). PPTs improved the classification accuracy by 5%–15% and post-classification treatments further increased the final accuracy by 10%–20%. The fourth classification model was the most accurate one, suggesting that combining spectra from differ conditions improves thematic classification. Despite some limitations, available aerial sensors already provide an opportunity to implement the described classification and mark the next investigation step. Nonetheless, the findings of this study are relevant both to the field of remote sensing in general and to the niche of coral reef spectroscopy.
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- 2015
28. Simulating land-use degradation in West Africa with the ALADYN model
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Giora J. Kidron, Itzhak Benenson, Yulia Grinblat, and Arnon Karnieli
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education.field_of_study ,Ecology ,Land use ,business.industry ,Population ,Agricultural economics ,Overexploitation ,Geography ,Agriculture ,Agricultural land ,Food processing ,Population growth ,business ,education ,Productivity ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
West Africa faces a rapid growth in population and a subsequent demand for food production. Despite increasing demand, local farmers still follow traditional practices and try to overcome low productivity by continuously expanding cultivated areas. To assess the consequences of this expansion and to describe, based on anticipated population growth rates and land accessibility, the dynamics of agricultural land-use, we developed a spatially explicit agent-based ALADYN model of agricultural land use in the savannah around Kita, Mali. The model is based on remote sensing data on agricultural land use and data from field surveys. The ALADYN simulations clearly demonstrate that traditional agriculture is not sustainable. Even under the optimistic scenario of a declining rate of population growth, the current agricultural practices will result in the cultivation of all available agricultural lands by 2015. Under current practices, every farm will experience a period of 1–3 years every 15–20 years, during which field fertility will be too low to allow cultivation. Thus, to avoid severe food shortage, emigration or alternative sources of food are necessary. Comparison of the model and remote sensing data reveals that already in 2003 the cultivated part of the study area is lower than projected. That is, farmers anticipate overexploitation and, most probably, emigrate from the area. The model highlights the great need for new agricultural practices in West Africa.
- Published
- 2015
29. Stigma is a prominent barrier for parental disclosure of a child with a mental illness
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Orit Karnieli Miller
- Subjects
Parents ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Mental health law ,Social stigma ,business.industry ,Mental Disorders ,Social Stigma ,MEDLINE ,Disclosure ,Mental illness ,medicine.disease ,Mental health ,030227 psychiatry ,Stigma (anatomy) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Fundamentals and skills ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Psychiatry ,business ,Child ,human activities - Abstract
Commentary on: Eaton K, Ohan JL, Stritzke WGK, et al . Mothers’ decisions to disclose or conceal their child’s mental health disorder. Qualitative Health Research 2017;27:1628–39. There is a growing body of literature about the dilemmas and practices of concealing and disclosing a mental illness.1 2 The difficulties concerning parents’ disclosure about their child’s mental health may be even greater because childhood mental …
- Published
- 2017
30. In-Field Absolute Calibration of Ground and Airborne VIS-NIR-SWIR Hyperspectral Point Spectrometers
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Offer Rozenstein, Arnon Karnieli, and Adam D. Devir
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FieldSpec ,Spectrometer ,business.industry ,Calibration curve ,Science ,Hyperspectral imaging ,radiometric calibration ,ASD ,field spectroscopy ,Optics ,Integrating sphere ,Radiance ,Calibration ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,NIST ,business ,Radiometric calibration ,Remote sensing - Abstract
Spectrometer calibration and measurements of spectral radiance are often required when performing ground, aerial, and space measurements. While calibrating a spectrometer in the field using an integrating sphere is practically unachievable, calibration against a quartz halogen (QH) lamp is a quite easy and feasible option. We describe a calibration protocol whereby a professional QH lamp, operating with a stabilized current source, is first calibrated in the laboratory against a US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable integrating sphere and, then, used for the field calibration of a spectrometer before a ground or airborne campaign. Another advantage of the lamp over the integrating sphere is its ability to create a continuous calibration curve at the spectrometer resolution, while the integrating sphere is calibrated only for a few discrete wavelengths. A calibrated lamp could also be used for a secondary continuous calibration of an un-calibrated integrating sphere.
- Published
- 2014
31. A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management
- Author
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Pi-Sunyer, Xavier, Astrup, Arne, Fujioka, Ken, Greenway, Frank, Halpern, Alfredo, Krempf, Michel, Lau, David C. W., le Roux, Carel W., Ortiz, Violante, Jensen, Christine Bjorn, Wilding, John P. H., Hamann, A, Barakat, A, Blüher, M, Linn, T, DALLE MOLLE, Alberto, Segner, A, Stübler, P, Tosch-Sisting, R, Pacini, F, Santini, F, Marchesini, G, Rotella, Cm, Invitti, C, Vettor, R, Buscemi, S, Raya, Pm, Freijoo, Fc, de Barbará RG, Carraro, R, Bobillo, Er, de la Cuesta, C, Farsang, C, Csaszar, A, Zahorska-Markiewicz, B, Pupek-Musialik, D, Franek, E, Ostrowska, L, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, M, Lalic, N, Micic, D, Ludvik, B, Paulweber, B, Prager, R, Scheen, A, Van Gaal, L, Astrup, Av, Hermansen, K, Madsbad, S, Rissanen, A, Nieminen, S, Savolainen, M, Krempf, M, Romon, M, Laville, M, Marre, M, Mira, R, Finucane, F, Veenendaal, A, van Berkum, F, Johannsson-Vidarsdóttir, S, Van de Walle, V, Meesters, E, Hjelmesæth, J, Klemsdal, To, Kulseng, B, Bach-Kliegel, B, Laederach, K, Villiger, L, Golay, A, Bilz, S, Sathyapalan, T, Bain, S, Kumar, S, Le Roux CW, Lean, Me, Mcgowan, B, Rehman, T, Wilding, J, Wittert, G, Caterson, I, Proietto, J, Prins, J, Geloneze Neto, B, Gross, Jl, Chacra, Ar, Halpern, A, Suplicy Hde, A, Chow, Fc, Thacker, Hp, Chadha, M, Chandalia, H, Unnikrishnan, A, Kalra, S, Deshpande, N, Shunmugavelu, M, Deshmukh, Vc, Maislos, M, Lieberman, Gs, Shimon, I, Stern, N, Nabriski, D, Karnieli, E, Shehadeh, N, Gonzalez-Galvez, G, Arechavaleta-Granell Mdel, R, Violante Ortiz RM, Franco, Gm, Gurieva, I, Suplotova, La, Troshina, E, Ruyatkina, La, Voychik, Ea, Martsevich, S, Startseva, Ma, Seeber, Me, Badat, A, Ellis, G, Altuntas, Y, Guler, S, Ulgen, E, Delibasi, T, Chetty, T, Hart, R, Janzen, J, Labonte, I, Lau, D, Liutkus, J, O'Keefe, D, Padwal, R, Ransom, Tp, Tytus, R, Weisnagel, Sj, Adler, J, Aqua, K, Aronoff, Sl, Bedel, Gw, Blevins, Tc, Blumenau, J, Brockmyre, Ap, Call, Rs, Canadas, R, Chaykin, Lb, Cohen, K, Conrow, Jk, Davis, Mg, Downey, Hj, Drosman, Sr, Duckor, S, Farmer, H, Farrell, J, Fehnel, S, Finneran, Mp, Forbes, R, Forker, A, Fredrick, M, Fujioka, K, Geller, Sa, Gill, S, Glaser, L, Greco, Sn, Greenway, Fl, Harper, W, Herman, L, Hoekstra, J, Ingebretsen, R, Ison, R, Jain, Rk, Kaplan, R, Kaster, Sr, Haase, Ga, Kerzner, B, Kirstein, Jl, Koltun, W, Krieger, Dr, Lewis, Ce, Madder, R, Marple, Rn, Mcdermott, Ej, Mello, Cj, Miller, Ab, Mullen, J, Nardandrea, J, O'Neil, P, Pi-Sunyer, F, Pucillo, Rm, Rhee, C, Redrick, S, Pardini, A, Rothman, J, Rubino, Dm, Sellers, G, Smith, T, Byars, Wd, Soufer, J, Sussman, Am, Patrick, K, Schramm, El, Van Cleeff, M, Berg, Sr, Wyatt, Hr, Simon, Ja., Columbia University [New York], Obesity Research Center, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports [Copenhagen], Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Scripps Research Institute, Louisiana State University (LSU), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), University of Calgary, University College Dublin (UCD), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social [Mexico City, Mexico] (IMSS), Novo Nordisk, Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, University of Liverpool, Pi-Sunyer, Xavier, Astrup, Arne, Fujioka, Ken, Greenway, Frank, Halpern, Alfredo, Krempf, Michel, Lau, David C.W., Le Roux, Carel W., Ortiz, Rafael Violante, Jensen, Christine Bjørn, Wilding, John P.H., the SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes NN8022-1839 Study Group [.., Marchesini, Giulio, ], Pi-Sunyer, X., Astrup, A., Fujioka, K., Greenway, F., Halpern, A., Krempf, M., Lau, D., le Roux, C., Violante Ortiz, R., Jensen, C., Wilding, J. COLLABORATORS: amann A, Barakat A, Blüher M, Linn T, Mölle A, Segner A, Stübler P, Tosch-Sisting R, Pacini F, Santini F, Marchesini G, Rotella CM, Invitti C, Vettor R, Buscemi S, and Raya PM, Freijoo FC, de Barbará RG, Carraro R, Bobillo ER, de la Cuesta C, Farsang C, Csaszar A, Zahorska-Markiewicz B, Pupek-Musialik D, Franek E, Ostrowska L, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M, Lalic N, Micic D, Ludvik B, Paulweber B, Prager R, Scheen A, Van Gaal L, Astrup AV, Hermansen K, Madsbad S, Rissanen A, Nieminen S, Savolainen M, Krempf M, Romon M, Laville M, Marre M, Mira R, Finucane F, Veenendaal A, van Berkum F, Johannsson-Vidarsdóttir S, Van de Walle V, Meesters E, Hjelmesæth J, Klemsdal TO, Kulseng B, Bach-Kliegel B, Laederach K, Villiger L, Golay A, Bilz S, Sathyapalan T, Bain S, Kumar S, Le Roux CW, Lean ME, McGowan B, Rehman T, Wilding J, Wittert G, Caterson I, Proietto J, Prins J, Geloneze Neto B, Gross JL, Chacra AR, Halpern A, Suplicy Hde A, Chow FC, Thacker HP, Chadha M, Chandalia H, Unnikrishnan A, Kalra S, Deshpande N, Shunmugavelu M, Deshmukh VC, Maislos M, Lieberman GS, Shimon I, Stern N, Nabriski D, Karnieli E, Shehadeh N, Gonzalez-Galvez G, Arechavaleta-Granell Mdel R, Violante Ortiz RM, Franco GM, Gurieva I, Suplotova LA, Troshina E, Ruyatkina LA, Voychik EA, Martsevich S, Startseva MA, Seeber ME, Badat A, Ellis G, Altuntas Y, Guler S, Ulgen E, Delibasi T, Chetty T, Hart R, Janzen J, Labonte I, Lau D, Liutkus J, O'Keefe D, Padwal R, Ransom TP, Tytus R, Weisnagel SJ, Adler J, Aqua K, Aronoff SL, Bedel GW, Blevins TC, Blumenau J, Brockmyre AP, Call RS, Canadas R, Chaykin LB, Cohen K, Conrow JK, Davis MG, Downey HJ, Drosman SR, Duckor S, Farmer H, Farrell J, Fehnel S, Finneran MP, Forbes R, Forker A, Fredrick M, Fujioka K, Geller SA, Gill S, Glaser L, Greco SN, Greenway FL, Harper W, Herman L, Hoekstra J, Ingebretsen R, Ison R, Jain RK, Kaplan R, Kaster SR, Haase GA, Kerzner B, Kirstein JL, Koltun W, Krieger DR, Lewis CE, Madder R, Marple RN, McDermott EJ, Mello CJ, Miller AB, Mullen J, Nardandrea J, O'Neil P, Pi-Sunyer F, Pucillo RM, Rhee C, Redrick S, Pardini A, Rothman J, Rubino DM, Sellers G, Smith T, Byars WD, Soufer J, Sussman AM, Patrick K, Schramm EL, Van Cleeff M, Berg SR, Wyatt HR, Simon JA.
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Blood Glucose ,Counseling ,Male ,Type 2 diabetes ,law.invention ,Body Mass Index ,Randomized controlled trial ,Weight loss ,law ,Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ,Weight management ,Subcutaneous ,Medicine (all) ,Reducing ,Nausea ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Combined Modality Therapy ,3. Good health ,Female ,type 2 diabetes ,medicine.symptom ,Human ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,Diarrhea ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Diet, Reducing ,Injections, Subcutaneous ,Injections, Subcutaneou ,Placebo ,Injections ,Double-Blind Method ,Internal medicine ,Weight Loss ,medicine ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Obesity ,Exercise ,Hypoglycemic Agent ,Liraglutide ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Weight Lo ,Diet ,Endocrinology ,business ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Body mass index ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Dyslipidemia - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a chronic disease with serious health consequences, but weight loss is difficult to maintain through lifestyle intervention alone. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, has been shown to have potential benefit for weight management at a once-daily dose of 3.0 mg, injected subcutaneously. METHODS: We conducted a 56-week, double-blind trial involving 3731 patients who did not have type 2 diabetes and who had a body-mass index (BMI; the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of at least 30 or a BMI of at least 27 if they had treated or untreated dyslipidemia or hypertension. We randomly assigned patients in a 2:1 ratio to receive once-daily subcutaneous injections of liraglutide at a dose of 3.0 mg (2487 patients) or placebo (1244 patients); both groups received counseling on lifestyle modification. The coprimary end points were the change in body weight and the proportions of patients losing at least 5% and more than 10% of their initial body weight. RESULTS: At baseline, the mean (±SD) age of the patients was 45.1±12.0 years, the mean weight was 106.2±21.4 kg, and the mean BMI was 38.3±6.4; a total of 78.5% of the patients were women and 61.2% had prediabetes. At week 56, patients in the liraglutide group had lost a mean of 8.4±7.3 kg of body weight, and those in the placebo group had lost a mean of 2.8±6.5 kg (a difference of -5.6 kg; 95% confidence interval, -6.0 to -5.1; P
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- 2015
32. Up Close and Personalized: advancing personalized medicine in the 21st century
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Eddy Karnieli, Adriana Fodor, and Naphtali Rishe
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Pharmacology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Medical education ,Tel aviv ,business.industry ,education ,Alternative medicine ,General Medicine ,Precision medicine ,International congress ,medicine ,Molecular Medicine ,Personalized medicine ,business ,Psychology - Abstract
The current article outlines the main issues presented during the 4th Up Close and Personalized (UPCP), International Congress on Personalized Medicine, which took place in Tel Aviv (Israel) on 17–20 June 2015. The main topics presented included: phenotypic and ‘omics’ data in the personalized medicine of diabetes, obesity and oncology; updated reports on large-scale human genetics applied to drug discovery and precision medicine; new advances in disease targeted nano delivery systems, lessons derived from big clinical data and barriers for implementing personalized medicine in at the point of care.
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- 2015
33. Concise Review: Guidance in Developing Commercializable Autologous/Patient-Specific Cell Therapy Manufacturing
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Wouter Van't Hof, Harvey Brandwein, Timothy Fong, Andrew Campbell, Ravenska Wagey, Scott R. Burger, Carmine Carpenito, Knut Niss, Ohad Karnieli, Myriam Armant, Shannon Eaker, and Dominic M. Clarke
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business.industry ,Process (engineering) ,Process development ,Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Patient specific ,Regenerative Medicine ,Stem cell culture ,Transplantation, Autologous ,Commercialization ,Product (business) ,Humans ,Medicine ,Engineering ethics ,Standards, Policies, Protocols, and Regulations for Cell-Based Therapies ,business ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Cell therapy is poised to play an enormous role in regenerative medicine. However, little guidance is being made available to academic and industrial entities in the start-up phase. In this technical review, members of the International Society for Cell Therapy provide guidance in developing commercializable autologous and patient-specific manufacturing strategies from the perspective of process development. Special emphasis is placed on providing guidance to small academic or biotech researchers as to what simple questions can be addressed or answered at the bench in order to make their cell therapy products more feasible for commercial-scale production. We discuss the processes that are required for scale-out at the manufacturing level, and how many questions can be addressed at the bench level. The goal of this review is to provide guidance in the form of topics that can be addressed early in the process of development to better the chances of the product being successful for future commercialization.
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- 2013
34. Preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Call for Personalized Intervention
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Eddy Karnieli and Harry Glauber
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musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Patient Selection ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Psychological intervention ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Review Article ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Prediabetic State ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Internal medicine ,Intervention (counseling) ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,Personalized medicine ,Prediabetes ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,Life Style - Abstract
In parallel with the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide, especially in younger people, there has been a dramatic increase in recent decades in the incidence and prevalence of metabolic consequences of obesity, in particular prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Although approximately one-third of US adults now meet one or more diagnostic criteria for prediabetes, only a minority of those so identified as being at risk for DM2 actually progress to diabetes, and some may regress to normal status. Given the uncertain prognosis of prediabetes, it is not clear who is most likely to benefit from lifestyle change or medication interventions that are known to reduce DM2 risk. We review the many factors known to influence risk of developing DM2 and summarize treatment trials demonstrating the possibility of preventing DM2. Applying the concepts of personalized medicine and the potential of "big data" approaches to analysis of massive amounts of routinely gathered clinical and laboratory data from large populations, we call for the development of tools to more precisely estimate individual risk of DM2.
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- 2013
35. Effect of Baseline Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1C on Glycemic Control and Diabetes Management following Initiation of Once-daily Insulin Detemir in Real-Life Clinical Practice
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Caputo, S, Andersen, H, Kaiser, M, Karnieli, E, Meneghini, Lf, Svendsen, Al, SOLVE Study Group, and Maran, Alberto
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Blood Glucose ,Male ,Subset Analysis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Endocrinology ,Insulin Detemir ,Diabetes management ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Insulin detemir ,Glycemic ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,business.industry ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Insulin, Long-Acting ,Female ,Hemoglobin ,Once daily ,business ,Cohort study ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The SOLVE study investigated the initiation of basal insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes on oral antidiabetic (OAD) treatment and outcomes in patients with varying levels of glycemic control at baseline.This was an observational cohort study conducted in 10 countries using insulin detemir. Data were collected at 3 clinic visits (baseline, 12-week interim, and 24-week final visit).A total of 13,526 (77.9%) patients were included in the glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) subset analysis. Patients were grouped according to pre-insulin HbA1c values as follows: HbA1c7.6% (n = 2,797); HbA1c 7.6-9% (n = 5,366), and HbA1c9% (n = 5,363). A total of 27 patients experienced serious adverse drug reactions (SADRs) and/or severe hypoglycemia (3, 10, and 11 patients with pre-insulin HbA1c7.6%, 7.6-9.0%, and9.0%, respectively). All patient subgroups realized improvements in HbA1c, with the pre-insulin HbA1c9% subgroup having the largest HbA1c reduction (-2.4% versus -0.9% and -0.2% for HbA1c subgroups 7.6-9% and7.6%, respectively). In the total cohort (n = 17,374), the incidence of severe hypoglycemia decreased from 4 events per 100 person years to1 event per 100 person years by final visit; the incidence of minor hypoglycemia increased from 1.6 to 1.8 events per person year.In this study, insulin initiation was delayed until late in disease course, and overall concordance with internationally recognized guidelines was low. The initiation of once-daily insulin detemir was associated with substantial improvements in glycemic control and was not associated with an increase in severe hypoglycemia or weight gain.
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- 2013
36. Medical education in Israel 2016: five medical schools in a period of transition
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Shmuel Reis, Peter Gilbey, Rachel Nave, Amitai Ziv, Dafna Meitar, Orit Karnieli-Miller, Dror Mevorach, Rosalie Ber, and Jacob Urkin
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medicine.medical_specialty ,020205 medical informatics ,education ,02 engineering and technology ,Health administration ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nursing ,Health care ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Israel ,Health policy ,Social policy ,Medical education ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Health services research ,Integrative Article ,Medical Education Reform ,Medical Manpower ,Basic Medical Education ,Faculty development ,business ,Period (music) - Abstract
We reviewed the existing programs for basic medical education (BME) in Israel as well as their output, since they are in a phase of reassessment and transition. The transition has been informed, in part, by evaluation in 2014 by an International Review Committee (IRC). The review is followed by an analysis of its implications as well as the emergent roadmap for the future. The review documents a trend of modernizing, humanizing, and professionalizing Israeli medical education in general, and BME in particular, independently in each of the medical schools. Suggested improvements include an increased emphasis on interactive learner-centered rather than frontal teaching formats, clinical simulation, interprofessional training, and establishment of a national medical training forum for faculty development. In addition, collaboration should be enhanced between medical educators and health care providers, and among the medical schools themselves. The five schools admitted about 730 Israeli students in 2015, doubling admissions from 2000. In 2014, the number of new licenses, including those awarded to Israeli international medical graduates (IMGs), surpassed for the first time in more than a decade the estimated need for 1100 new physicians annually. About 60 % of the licenses awarded in 2015 were to IMGs. Conclusions Israeli BME is undergoing continuous positive changes, was supplied with a roadmap for even further improvement by the IRC, and has doubled its output of graduates. The numbers of both Israeli graduates and IMGs are higher than estimated previously and may address the historically projected physician shortage. However, it is not clear whether the majority of newly licensed physicians, who were trained abroad, have benefited from similar recent improvements in medical education similar to those benefiting graduates of the Israeli medical schools, nor is it certain that they will benefit from the further improvements that have recently been recommended for the Israeli medical schools. Inspired by the IRC report, this overview of programs and the updated physician manpower data, we hope the synergy between all stakeholders is enhanced to address the combined medical education quality enhancement and output challenge.
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- 2016
37. A consensus introduction to serum replacements and serum-free media for cellular therapies
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Ohad Karnieli, Oryan Makler Friedner, Julie G. Allickson, Nan Zhang, Sunghoon Jung, David Fiorentini, Eytan Abraham, Shannon S. Eaker, tan Kah Yong, Allan Chan, Sarah Griffiths, Amy K. Wehn, and Steve Oh
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0301 basic medicine ,Serum ,Cancer Research ,Consensus ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immunology ,Cell Culture Techniques ,Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ,Audit ,Process validation ,Culture Media, Serum-Free ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Humans ,Quality (business) ,Genetics (clinical) ,media_common ,Transplantation ,business.industry ,Investigational New Drug ,Reproducibility of Results ,Mesenchymal Stem Cells ,Cell Biology ,Xeno free ,Biotechnology ,Culture Media ,Clinical trial ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,business ,Quality assurance ,Serum free media - Abstract
The cell therapy industry is a fast-growing industry targeted toward a myriad of clinical indications. As the cell therapy industry matures and clinical trials hit their pivotal Phase 3 studies, there will be a significant need for scale-up, process validation, and critical raw material quality assurance. Part of the well discussed challenges of upscaling manufacturing processes there is a less discussed issue relating to the availability of raw materials in the needed quality and quantities. The FDA recently noted that over 80% of the 66 investigational new drug (IND) applications for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) products analyzed described the use of FBS during manufacturing. Accumulated data from the past years show an acceleration in serum consumption by at least 10%-15% annually, which suggests that the global demand for serum may soon exceed the supply. Ongoing concerns of safety issues due to risks of various pathogen contaminations, as well as issues related to the aforementioned serum variability that can affect final product reproducibility, are strong motivators to search for serum substitutes or serum-free media. it is important to note that there are no accepted definitions for most of these terms which leads to misleading's and misunderstandings, where the same term might be defined differently by different vendors, manufacturer, and users. It is the drug developer's responsibility to clarify what the supplied labels mean and to identify the correct questions and audits to ensure quality. The paper reviews the available serum replacements, main components, basic strategies for replacement of serum and suggests definitions.
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- 2016
38. Bioreactors and Downstream Processing for Stem Cell Manufacturing
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O. Karnieli
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Laboratory flask ,Engineering ,Downstream processing ,business.industry ,Scale (chemistry) ,SCALE-UP ,Mixing (process engineering) ,Bioreactor ,Microcarrier ,Mechanical engineering ,Biochemical engineering ,Stem cell ,business - Abstract
Manufacture of stem cells at a scale and at a cost that is commercially viable while retaining the desired product quality is a major challenge in the emerging field of cellular therapy. Single-use bioreactor culture using suspended microcarriers that provides more surface area per volume with a more consistent and controlled growth environment than that of many individual flasks or roller bottles is considered a promising option. However, the conventional bioreactor technology developed for proteins and virus production from suspended individual cells should be reengineered to satisfy the unique growth characteristics of anchorage-dependent primary cells on the surface of microcarriers as well as to provide efficient fluid dynamics for uniform suspension of the microcarriers. A novel single-use, vertical-wheel bioreactor platform that provides adequate mixing and homogeneous microcarrier suspension across a wide range of working volumes with low shear stress and low power inputs is evaluated through physical test, computational fluid dynamics analysis, and biological experiment in order to address the specialized manufacturing requirements for stem cells and cellular therapy products. The economies of scale associated with using large bioreactors to produce cellular products will undoubtedly enable a new industry that uses cells to treat many currently unmet medical needs.
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- 2016
39. The safety and efficacy of adding once-daily insulin detemir to oral hypoglycaemic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes in a clinical practice setting in 10 countries
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Khunti, K., Caputo, S., Damci, T., Dzida, G., Ji, Q., Kaiser, M., Karnieli, E., Liebl, A., Ligthelm, R., Nazeri, A., Orozco Beltran, D., Pan, C., Ross, S., Svendsen, A., Vora, J., Yale, J., Meneghini, L., Maran, Alberto, Raimundo, L., Artola, S., and Imamoglu, S.
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Blood Glucose ,Male ,Canada ,China ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Type 2 diabetes ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Body Mass Index ,Endocrinology ,Insulin Detemir ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Insulin ,Adverse effect ,Aged ,Insulin detemir ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,business.industry ,Weight change ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Europe ,Insulin, Long-Acting ,Treatment Outcome ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,business ,Body mass index ,Adverse drug reaction ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Aims Evaluate the safety and efficacy of once-daily insulin detemir initiated in routine clinical practice in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs). Methods This large observational study was conducted in 10 countries. Adverse event data (including hypoglycaemia) and glycaemic control were recorded before and 24 weeks following insulin initiation while patients continued routine clinical management. Results In this study, 17 374 patients (53% male) were included. Mean pre-insulin values (±s.d.) were: age 62 ± 12 years; body mass index (BMI) 29.3 ± 5.4 kg/m2; diabetes duration 10 ± 7 years; haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 8.9 ± 1.6%. During the study, 27 patients experienced serious adverse drug reaction, severe hypoglycaemic events or both; and there were 31 episodes of severe hypoglycaemia in 21 patients. After 24 weeks, HbA1c was 7.5 ± 1.2% (change of −1.3%; p
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- 2012
40. Bardoxolone Methyl in Type 2 Diabetes and Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease
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De Zeeuw, Dick, Akizawa, Tadao, Audhya, Paul, Bakris, George L., Chin, Melanie, Christ-Schmidt, Heidi, Goldsberry, Angie, Houser, Mark, Krauth, Melissa, Lambers Heerspink, Hiddo J., McMurray, John J., Meyer, Colin J., Parving, Hans-Henrik, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Toto, Robert D., Vaziri, Nosratola D., Wanner, Christoph, Wittes, Janet, Wrolstad, Danielle, Chertow, Glenn M., Toto, B., McCullough, P., Ivanovich, P., Ketteler, M., Lachin, J., McGill, J., Agarwal, R., Anker, S., Arenillas, J. F., Januzzi, J., Jardine, A., Kasner, S., Kissela, B., Kolansky, D., Mann, J., Thadhani, R., Champion de Crespigny, P., Chan, D. T., D'Almeida, E., Fraser, I., Gray, N., Holt, S., Irish, A., Isbel, N., Kerr, P., Packham, D., Phoon, R., Pollock, C., Roger, S., Suranyi, M., Walker, R., Wittert, G., Yue, D., Balcke, P., Prager, R., Schernthaner, G., Sunder-Plassmann, G., Jadoul, M., Krzesinski, J. M., Peeters, P., Van der Niepen, P., Van Gaal, L., Van Vlem, B., Warling, X., Chow, S., Cournoyer, S., Dumas, R., Jolly, S., Levin, A., McMahon, A., Mehta, H., Ooi, T. C., Perkins, D., Roy, L., Sapir, D., Tam, P., Bartaskova, D., Hemzsky, L., Kubina, D., Szabo, M., Tesar, V., Combe, C., Faller, B., Fauvel, J. P., Halimi, J. M., Hourmant, M., Le Meur, Y., Urena-Torres, P., Zaoui, P., Al-Sarraf, S., Burst, V., Degenhardt, S., Kempe, H. P., Kleophas, W., Kosch, C., Krumme, B., Kuhlmann, M., Pistrosch, F., Rambausek, M., Schmidt-Guertler, H., Segiet, T., Sommerer, C., Vielhauer, V., Wanner, C., Beberashvili, I., Benchetrit, S., Herskovits, T., Karnieli, E., Levin-Iaina, N., Mosenzon, O., Tsur, A., van Dijk, D. J., Wainstein, J., Yagil, Y., Yerushalmi, Y., Colussi, G., Conte, G., Di Luca, M., Giovambatista, C., Messa, P., Pani, A., Pisani, A., Rapana, M. R., Ruggenenti, P., Villa, G., Zoccali, C., Correa-Rotter, R., Diaz-Escobedo, S. L., Garcia, P., Gonzalez Galvez, G., Obrador Vera, G. T., Rico, R., Calero, F., Cigarran, S., de Alvaro, F., de Francisco, A. L., Egido, J., Fernandez, E., Fernandez Vega, F., Fort, J., Galan Serrano, A., Gorriz Teruel, J. L., Martinez, I., Martinez Castelao, A., Munar, M. A., Navarro, J., Nieto, J., Osuna, A., Pascual, J., Portoles, J., Praga, M., Vallés, M., Fellstrom, B., Frisenette-Fich, C., Hadimeri, H., Stenvinkel, P., Svensson, M., Weiss, L., Adamson, K., Dornhorst, A., El Kossi, M., Gnudi, L., Hendry, B., Johnson, A., Joseph, F., Kalra, P., Marshall, S., Mikhail, A., Myint, K. S., Soran, H., Taal, M., Zehnder, D., Abbott, L., Acharya, A., Ahmed, Z., Aiello, J., Akom, M., Ali, S., Alzohaili, O., Anderson, L., Anderson, S., Anger, M., Appel, G., Arakaki, R. F., Arif, A., Assefi, A. R., Atray, N., Awad, A., Barranco, E., Belledonne, M. O., Belo, D., Bernardo, M., Bernstein, R., Bhalla, V., Bhatia, D., Black, R. M., Block, G., Blondin, J., Blumenthal, S. S., Bononi, P., Brantley, R. R., Bresssler, P., Broumand, V., Brusco, O., Buerkert, J., Burgos-Calderon, R., Campbell, R., Canas, G., Cangiano, J., Cherlin, R., Chilakapati, V., Comunale, R., Coyne, D., Crawford, P. W., Darwish, R., Deeb, W., Denker, P. S., Desai, S., Desouza, C., Diamond, S., Dixon, B. S., Durham, J. H., Eisner, G., Elder, J. G., El-Shahawy, M., Fadda, G., Fitz-Patrick, D., Fonseca, V., Fraser, N. J., Frei, G., Fried, L., Galindo-Ramos, E., Germain, M., Ghantous, W., Gilbert, J. M., Gillum, D., Godwin, J., Goel, A., Goldfarb, DS., Graf, R. J., Greenwood, T., Guasch, A., Hanna, A., Harper, K., Herman, T., Hilton, T., Hines, T., Hoggard, J., Hootkins, R., Huseman, R., Israelit, A., Jamal, A., Kant, K., Kaptein, E., Kathresal, A., Kaupke, J., Kaveh, K., Kaye, W., Keightley, G. E., Keith, K., Khairullah, Q., Kondle, V., Kopyt, N., Krishna, G., Lawrence, M. K., LeBeau, M., Leehey, D. J., Levine, M. M., Levinson, D., Lew, S. Q., Lewis, D., Linfert, D., Liss, K., Lund, R., Madeleine, P., Mahmood, K., Martin, E. R., Martinez, C., Mayeda, S. O., Mendez, R., Middleton, J., Molitch, M. E., Moncrief, J., Moustafa, M., Muoneke, R., Murray, A. V., Murugan, T. S., Nammour, T. M., Nassar, G., Navaneethan, S., Newman, J., Nossuli, A., Nwakoby, I., Osama, S., Ouseph, R., Parker, J., Parnes, E., Patel, N., Pergola, P., Perlman, A., Perry, R. G., Petrillo, R., Prabhakar, S., Purighalla, R. S., Quesada-Suarez, L., Rabiei, A., Raskin, P., Rastogi, A., Reisin, E., Rekhi, A., Rivera-Colon, L., Rizk, D., Rodelas, R., Roer, D., Rosas, S., Ross, D. L., Rovner, S., Sackel, H., Sader, S., Santos, P., Schmidt, R., Shafik, S., Shakeel, M., Sharon, Z., Silva, A. L., Silva, A., Singh, B., Smith, M., Solomon, R., Soman, S., Spinowitz, B., Sprague, S. M., Spry, L., Stonesifer, L., Streja, D., Suchinda, P., Sun, C., Thakar, C. V., Trespalacios, F., Tumlin, J. A., Van Buren, P., Vernace, M., Vicks, S., Warren, M., Weiss, D., Welker, J., Winston, J. A., Wombolt, D. G., Wood, M., Wu, M., Wynne, A., Yu, H., Zabaneh, R. I., Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), Methods in Medicines evaluation & Outcomes research (M2O), De Zeeuw, Dick, Akizawa, Tadao, Audhya, Paul, Bakris, George L., Chin, Melanie, Christ-Schmidt, Heidi, Goldsberry, Angie, Houser, Mark, Krauth, Melissa, Lambers Heerspink, Hiddo J., Mcmurray, John J., Meyer, Colin J., Parving, Hans-Henrik, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Toto, Robert D., Vaziri, Nosratola D., Wanner, Christoph, Wittes, Janet, Wrolstad, Danielle, Chertow, Glenn M., Toto, B., Mccullough, P., Ivanovich, P., Ketteler, M., Lachin, J., Mcgill, J., Agarwal, R., Anker, S., Arenillas, J. F., Januzzi, J., Jardine, A., Kasner, S., Kissela, B., Kolansky, D., Mann, J., Thadhani, R., Champion de Crespigny, P., Chan, D. T., D'Almeida, E., Fraser, I., Gray, N., Holt, S., Irish, A., Isbel, N., Kerr, P., Packham, D., Phoon, R., Pollock, C., Roger, S., Suranyi, M., Walker, R., Wittert, G., Yue, D., Balcke, P., Prager, R., Schernthaner, G., Sunder-Plassmann, G., Jadoul, M., Krzesinski, J. M., Peeters, P., Van der Niepen, P., Van Gaal, L., Van Vlem, B., Warling, X., Chow, S., Cournoyer, S., Dumas, R., Jolly, S., Levin, A., Mcmahon, A., Mehta, H., Ooi, T. C., Perkins, D., Roy, L., Sapir, D., Tam, P., Bartaskova, D., Hemzsky, L., Kubina, D., Szabo, M., Tesar, V., Combe, C., Faller, B., Fauvel, J. P., Halimi, J. M., Hourmant, M., Le Meur, Y., Urena-Torres, P., Zaoui, P., Al-Sarraf, S., Burst, V., Degenhardt, S., Kempe, H. P., Kleophas, W., Kosch, C., Krumme, B., Kuhlmann, M., Pistrosch, F., Rambausek, M., Schmidt-Guertler, H., Segiet, T., Sommerer, C., Vielhauer, V., Wanner, C., Beberashvili, I., Benchetrit, S., Herskovits, T., Karnieli, E., Levin-Iaina, N., Mosenzon, O., Tsur, A., van Dijk, D. J., Wainstein, J., Yagil, Y., Yerushalmi, Y., Colussi, G., Conte, G., Di Luca, M., Giovambatista, C., Messa, P., Pani, A., Pisani, A., Rapana, M. R., Ruggenenti, P., Villa, G., Zoccali, C., Correa-Rotter, R., Diaz-Escobedo, S. L., Garcia, P., Gonzalez Galvez, G., Obrador Vera, G. T., Rico, R., Calero, F., Cigarran, S., de Alvaro, F., de Francisco, A. L., Egido, J., Fernandez, E., Fernandez Vega, F., Fort, J., Galan Serrano, A., Gorriz Teruel, J. L., Martinez, I., Martinez Castelao, A., Munar, M. A., Navarro, J., Nieto, J., Osuna, A., Pascual, J., Portoles, J., Praga, M., Vallés, M., Fellstrom, B., Frisenette-Fich, C., Hadimeri, H., Stenvinkel, P., Svensson, M., Weiss, L., Adamson, K., Dornhorst, A., El Kossi, M., Gnudi, L., Hendry, B., Johnson, A., Joseph, F., Kalra, P., Marshall, S., Mikhail, A., Myint, K. S., Soran, H., Taal, M., Zehnder, D., Abbott, L., Acharya, A., Ahmed, Z., Aiello, J., Akom, M., Ali, S., Alzohaili, O., Anderson, L., Anderson, S., Anger, M., Appel, G., Arakaki, R. F., Arif, A., Assefi, A. R., Atray, N., Awad, A., Barranco, E., Belledonne, M. O., Belo, D., Bernardo, M., Bernstein, R., Bhalla, V., Bhatia, D., Black, R. M., Block, G., Blondin, J., Blumenthal, S. S., Bononi, P., Brantley, R. R., Bresssler, P., Broumand, V., Brusco, O., Buerkert, J., Burgos-Calderon, R., Campbell, R., Canas, G., Cangiano, J., Cherlin, R., Chilakapati, V., Comunale, R., Coyne, D., Crawford, P. W., Darwish, R., Deeb, W., Denker, P. S., Desai, S., Desouza, C., Diamond, S., Dixon, B. S., Durham, J. H., Eisner, G., Elder, J. G., El-Shahawy, M., Fadda, G., Fitz-Patrick, D., Fonseca, V., Fraser, N. J., Frei, G., Fried, L., Galindo-Ramos, E., Germain, M., Ghantous, W., Gilbert, J. M., Gillum, D., Godwin, J., Goel, A., Goldfarb, Ds., Graf, R. J., Greenwood, T., Guasch, A., Hanna, A., Harper, K., Herman, T., Hilton, T., Hines, T., Hoggard, J., Hootkins, R., Huseman, R., Israelit, A., Jamal, A., Kant, K., Kaptein, E., Kathresal, A., Kaupke, J., Kaveh, K., Kaye, W., Keightley, G. E., Keith, K., Khairullah, Q., Kondle, V., Kopyt, N., Krishna, G., Lawrence, M. K., Lebeau, M., Leehey, D. J., Levine, M. M., Levinson, D., Lew, S. Q., Lewis, D., Linfert, D., Liss, K., Lund, R., Madeleine, P., Mahmood, K., Martin, E. R., Martinez, C., Mayeda, S. O., Mendez, R., Middleton, J., Molitch, M. E., Moncrief, J., Moustafa, M., Muoneke, R., Murray, A. V., Murugan, T. S., Nammour, T. M., Nassar, G., Navaneethan, S., Newman, J., Nossuli, A., Nwakoby, I., Osama, S., Ouseph, R., Parker, J., Parnes, E., Patel, N., Pergola, P., Perlman, A., Perry, R. G., Petrillo, R., Prabhakar, S., Purighalla, R. S., Quesada-Suarez, L., Rabiei, A., Raskin, P., Rastogi, A., Reisin, E., Rekhi, A., Rivera-Colon, L., Rizk, D., Rodelas, R., Roer, D., Rosas, S., Ross, D. L., Rovner, S., Sackel, H., Sader, S., Santos, P., Schmidt, R., Shafik, S., Shakeel, M., Sharon, Z., Silva, A. L., Silva, A., Singh, B., Smith, M., Solomon, R., Soman, S., Spinowitz, B., Sprague, S. M., Spry, L., Stonesifer, L., Streja, D., Suchinda, P., Sun, C., Thakar, C. V., Trespalacios, F., Tumlin, J. A., Van Buren, P., Vernace, M., Vicks, S., Warren, M., Weiss, D., Welker, J., Winston, J. A., Wombolt, D. G., Wood, M., Wu, M., Wynne, A., Yu, H., Zabaneh, R. I., de Zeeuw, D, Akizawa, T, Audhya, P, Bakris, Gl, Chin, M, Christ Schmidt, H, Goldsberry, A, Houser, M, Krauth, M, Lambers Heerspink, Hj, Mcmurray, Jj, Meyer, Cj, Parving, Hh, Remuzzi, G, Toto, Rd, Vaziri, Nd, Wanner, C, Wittes, J, Wrolstad, D, Chertow, Gm, Pisani, Antonio, De Zeeuw, D, Bakris, G, Lambers Heerspink, H, Mcmurray, J, Meyer, C, Parving, H, Toto, R, Vaziri, N, and Chertow, G.
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Intention to Treat Analysi ,NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ,NEPHROPATHY ,Urology ,Renal function ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,Type 2 diabetes ,Placebo ,Article ,Nephropathy ,NRF2 ,Double-Blind Method ,Cardiovascular Disease ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,CKD ,Treatment Failure ,Bardoxolone methyl ,Oleanolic Acid ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Aged ,OUTCOMES ,IRBESARTAN ,ANALOGS ,business.industry ,Medicine (all) ,Hazard ratio ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Weight Lo ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Diabetic Nephropathie ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Female ,TRIAL ,Stage 4 chronic kidney disease ,business ,Glomerular Filtration Rate ,Human ,RENAL EVENTS BEACON - Abstract
Background: Although inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system can slow the progression of diabetic kidney disease, the residual risk is high. Whether nuclear 1 factor (erythroid-derived 2)–related factor 2 activators further reduce this risk is unknown. Methods: We randomly assigned 2185 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stage 4 chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate [GFR], 15 to < 30 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area) to bardoxolone methyl, at a daily dose of 20 mg, or placebo. The primary composite outcome was end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death from cardiovascular causes. Results: The sponsor and the steering committee terminated the trial on the recommendation of the independent data and safety monitoring committee; the median follow-up was 9 months. A total of 69 of 1088 patients (6%) randomly assigned to bardoxolone methyl and 69 of 1097 (6%) randomly assigned to placebo had a primary composite outcome (hazard ratio in the bardoxolone methyl group vs. the placebo group, 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70 to 1.37; P=0.92). In the bardoxolone methyl group, ESRD developed in 43 patients, and 27 patients died from cardiovascular causes; in the placebo group, ESRD developed in 51 patients, and 19 patients died from cardiovascular causes. A total of 96 patients in the bardoxolone methyl group were hospitalized for heart failure or died from heart failure, as compared with 55 in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.32 to 2.55; P < 0.001). Estimated GFR, blood pressure, and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio increased significantly and body weight decreased significantly in the bardoxolone methyl group, as compared with the placebo group. Conclusions: Among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stage 4 chronic kidney disease, bardoxolone methyl did not reduce the risk of ESRD or death from cardiovascular causes. A higher rate of cardiovascular events with bardoxolone methyl than with placebo prompted termination of the trial. (Funded by Reata Pharmaceuticals; BEACON ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01351675.)
- Published
- 2013
41. Megaripple flattening due to strong winds
- Author
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Rimon Wenkart, Hezi Yizhaq, Haim Tsoar, Arnon Karnieli, Jasper F. Kok, Ori Isenberg, and Itzhak Katra
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Wavelength ,Wind power ,business.industry ,Ripple ,Shear stress ,Storm ,Crest ,Digital elevation model ,business ,Geomorphology ,Flattening ,Geology ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Megaripples in Nahal Kasuy in the southern Negev Desert of Israel are characterized by a mean wavelength of about 70 cm and by a bimodal distribution of coarse and fine particle sizes, the latter property being a pre-requisite for their formation. In our three-year project, megaripple development was monitored using a digital elevation model (DEM) constructed from above-ground stereo digital photographs. Temporal dynamics of wind power (drift potential, DP) were measured, and grain-size analyses were performed on samples taken from different parts of the megaripple. The coarse grains that protect the crest enable the ripple to grow, but when ripple height becomes too high, the bed shear stress increases, thus allowing the wind to move the armoring layer. When this happens (during strong wind storms) the megaripple will flatten and even disappear, as was observed in our field study. We present measurements that for the first time directly show the megaripple to normal ripple transition, and we suggest two possible physical processes as potential causes of this phenomenon. Megaripple flattening can occur either when the wind exceeds the fluid threshold for a sufficient length of time or after a sequence of storms with winds blowing from the same direction.
- Published
- 2011
42. Metabolic profiling in personalized medicine: bridging the gap between knowledge and clinical practice in Type 2 diabetes
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Eddy Karnieli, Yelena Yesha, Dafna Ben Yosef, Naphtali Rishe, and Sagit Zolotov
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Pharmacology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,General Medicine ,Disease ,Type 2 diabetes ,medicine.disease ,Asymptomatic ,Diabetes mellitus ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Molecular Medicine ,Profiling (information science) ,Personalized medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Intensive care medicine ,business - Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is the most commonly diagnosed metabolic disease and its prevalence is expected to increase. Epidemiological studies clearly show excess mortality associated with DM2, as well as an increased risk of DM2-related complications. Advances in personalized medicine would greatly improve patient care in the field of diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Prediction of the disease in asymptomatic patients as well as its harsh complications in patients already diagnosed is becoming a necessity, with the considerable increase in the cost of the treatment. In the current article, we review the known clinical, molecular metabolic and genetic biomarkers that should be integrated in a future bioinformatic platform to be used at the point-of-care, and discuss the challenges we face in applying this vision of personalized medicine for diabetes into reality.
- Published
- 2011
43. Comparison of methods for land-use classification incorporating remote sensing and GIS inputs
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Offer Rozenstein and Arnon Karnieli
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Geographic information system ,Land use ,business.industry ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Final product ,Forestry ,Ancillary data ,Geography ,Work (electrical) ,Remote sensing (archaeology) ,Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management ,Human settlement ,Product (category theory) ,business ,Cartography ,General Environmental Science ,Remote sensing - Abstract
Over the last few decades, dramatic land-use changes have occurred throughout Israel. Previously-grazed areas have been afforested, converted to irrigated or rain-fed agriculture, turned into natural reserves, often used as large military training sites, converted to rural and urban settlements, or left unused. Land-use maps provided by the Israeli governmental are more detailed for agricultural and urban land-use classes than for others. While rangelands still account for a substantial part of the northern Negev, their extent today is not well defined. In light of continuous land-use changes and lack of regard to rangelands in existing land-use maps, there is a need for creating a current land-use information database, to be utilized by planners, scientists, and decision makers. Remote-sensing (RS) data are a viable source of data from which land-use maps could be created and updated efficiently. The purpose of this work is to explore low-cost techniques for combining current satellite RS data together with data from the Israeli Geographic Information System (GIS) in order to create a relatively accurate and current land-use map for the northern Negev. Several established methods for land-use classification from RS data were compared. In addition, ancillary land-use data were used to update and improve the RS classification accuracy within a GIS framework. It was found that using a combination of supervised and unsupervised training classes produces a more accurate product than when using either of them separately. It was also found that updating this product using ancillary data and GIS techniques can improve the product accuracy by up to 10%. The final product’s overall accuracy was 81%. It is suggested that applying the presented technique for more RS images taken at different times can facilitate the creation of a database for land-use changes.
- Published
- 2011
44. A Semi-automated GIS Model for Extracting Geological Structural Information from a Spaceborne Thematic Image
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Arnon Karnieli, Alon Dadon, Aviva Peeters, and Eyal Ben-Dor
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Strike and dip ,Imaging spectroscopy ,Thematic map ,business.industry ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,3D modeling ,business ,Digital elevation model ,Geologic map ,Field (geography) ,Geology ,Image (mathematics) ,Remote sensing - Abstract
This paper presents a semi-automated GIS model for extracting structural information from a spaceborne imaging spectroscopy classification of sedimentary rocks by combining the IS classification with a digital terrain model. The output consists of a database with structural attributes, specifically the dip and strike, of the geological layers. The model was evaluated statistically for its accuracy with promis- ing results, which demonstrate its potential to support field surveys, for geological mapping, for 3D modeling of the subsurface, and for geological spatial analysis.
- Published
- 2011
45. Frequency domain Stern–Gerlach effect for photonic qubits and qutrits
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Ady Arie and Aviv Karnieli
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Physics ,Stern–Gerlach experiment ,Photon ,business.industry ,Quantum Physics ,Quantum entanglement ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,010309 optics ,Quantum state ,Frequency domain ,Qubit ,Quantum mechanics ,0103 physical sciences ,Photonics ,Quantum information ,010306 general physics ,business - Abstract
Multi-color photons are prominent candidates for carrying quantum information, as their unlimited dimensionality allows for novel qudit-based schemes. The generation and manipulation of such photons takes place in nonlinear optical media, and the coupling between the different frequency bins can be engineered to obtain the desired quantum state. Here, we propose the design of a frequency-domain Stern–Gerlach effect for photons, where quantum entanglement between the spatial and spectral degrees of freedom is manifested. In this scheme, orthogonal frequency-superposition states can be spatially separated, resulting in a direct projection of an input state onto the frequency-superposition basis. We analyze this phenomenon for two-color qubits and three-color qutrits, and present a generalized wavelength-domain analog of the Hong–Ou–Mandel interference with distinguishable photons. Our results pave the way toward realization of single-element, all-optically controlled spectral-to-spatial beam splitters and tritters that can benefit quantum information processing in the frequency domain.
- Published
- 2018
46. Exploring the Meaning of Respect in Medical Student Education: an Analysis of Student Narratives
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Orit Karnieli-Miller, T. Robert Vu, Ann H. Cottingham, Thomas S. Inui, Richard M. Frankel, and Amanda C. Taylor
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Medical education ,Students, Medical ,Medical psychology ,Education, Medical ,business.industry ,Interprofessional Relations ,Lived experience ,education ,Professional-Patient Relations ,Student education ,Pedagogy ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Narrative ,Clinical Competence ,Curriculum ,Meaning (existential) ,Form of the Good ,business ,Original Research ,Medical literature - Abstract
Respect for others is recognized in the medical literature and society as an essential attribute of the good medical professional. However, the specific meaning of respect varies widely and is underexplored as a lived experience of physicians-in-training.To describe third-year medical students' narratives of respect and disrespect [(dis)respect] during their internal medicine clerkship.Qualitative thematic analysis of 152 third-year student narratives that 'taught them something about professionalism,' focusing on (dis)respect.Immersion/crystallization narrative analysis.We reviewed 595 professionalism narratives and found that one in four narratives involved (dis)respect. We then found that 2/3 of these narratives were negative (describing instances of disrespect rather than respect). In the other coded categories, the proportion of negative narratives was significantly lower. In order to better understand these results, we analyzed the content of the (dis)respect narratives and identified six primary themes: (1) content and manner of communication (including, appreciating or belittling, being sensitive or blunt and respecting privacy); (2) conduct: behaviors expressing (dis)respect; (3) patient centeredness: honoring others' preferences, decisions and needs; (4) treating others as equals; (5) valuing the other and their experience and/or problem; and (6) nurturing students' learning.Focusing on the lived experience of (dis)respect on wards broadens the concept of respect beyond any one type of act, behavior or attitude. Students perceive respect as a way of being that applies in all settings (private and public), with all participants (patients, family members, nurses, colleagues and students) and under all circumstances (valuing others' time, needs, preferences, choices, opinions and privacy). Respect seems to entail responding to a need, while disrespect involves ignoring the need or bluntly violating it.
- Published
- 2010
47. Comparison of UV-absorbing Nets in Pepper Crops: Spectral Properties, Effects on Plants and Pest Control
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Phyllis G. Weintraub, Alberto Fereres, Saioa Legarrea, and Arnon Karnieli
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Crops, Agricultural ,Integrated pest management ,Ultraviolet Rays ,UV-absorbing ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Crop ,Pepper ,Israel ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Netting ,Spectral Properties ,Nets in Pepper Crops ,Thrips ,business.industry ,Spectrum Analysis ,Pest control ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Effects on Plants ,Agronomy ,Photosynthetically active radiation ,Pest Control ,PEST analysis ,Capsicum ,business - Abstract
7 páginas, figuras, y tablas estadísticas., In horticultural crops, the use of screens to protect plants is the usual strategy in the Mediterranean area. Screen manufacturers offer a range of netting that vary in their UV-absorbing properties. We compared the photoeffects of seven different screens. Sweet pepper trials were conducted at the Gilat Research Center, Israel, where the spectral properties of the nets and their influence on pest infestation and crop development were evaluated. UV transmittance varied among the materials studied ranging from 40% to 70% of the incident radiation. BioNet white and P-Optinet, which absorbed and reflected the highest amount of UV radiation, performed the best protection against the main pepper pest (thrips, whiteflies and broad mites). Spectral measurements also showed that the photosynthetically active radiation differentially penetrated the nets, which together with the amount of UV absorbed by the screenings, resulted in a range of plant height and chlorophyll content. A global understanding of the UV-absorbing nets’ effect on pepper crops and their pests was evaluated in this work because of the importance of these screening to integrated pest management and sustainable agriculture production., supported by a scholarship I3P-BPD-2006 from the ‘‘Spanish National Research Council.’’ The authors thank Yossi Offir of Polysack Plastics Indus- tries and Meteor Agricultural Nets Ltd for donating the netting.
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- 2010
48. Fully controllable adiabatic geometric phase in nonlinear optics
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Aviv Karnieli and Ady Arie
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Physics ,Wavefront ,Bloch sphere ,business.industry ,Nonlinear optics ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,010309 optics ,Phase factor ,Nonlinear system ,Amplitude ,Optics ,Classical mechanics ,Geometric phase ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,business ,Adiabatic process - Abstract
We propose and analyze a new way for obtaining an adiabatic geometric phase for light, via the sum-frequency-generation nonlinear process. The state of light is represented by the complex amplitudes at two different optical frequencies, coupled by the second order nonlinearity of the medium. The dynamics of this system is then shown to be equivalent to that of a spin-1/2 particle in a magnetic field, which in turn can be rotated adiabatically on the Bloch sphere. When the input wave itself is an eigenstate of the magnetic field equivalent, the geometric phase is manifested as a pure phase factor. Two adiabatic rotation schemes, based on specific modulations of the quasi-phase-matching poling parameters, are discussed. In the first, the geometric phase is shown to be sensitive to the pump intensity variations, as a result of the Bloch sphere deformation. The second can be utilized for the realization of nonlinear-optics-based geometric phase plates. Moreover, non-closed adiabatic trajectories are investigated, which are expected to provide a robust and broadband geometric wavefront shaping in the sum frequency.
- Published
- 2018
49. Corrigendum to 'A consensus introduction to serum replacements and serum-free media for cellular therapies' [Cytotherapy 19 (2017) 155–169]
- Author
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Ohad Karnieli, Oryan Makler Friedner, Julie G. Allickson, Nan Zhang, Sunghoon Jung, David Fiorentini, Eytan Abraham, Shannon S. Eaker, Tan Kah Yong, Allan Chan, Sarah Griffiths, Amy K. Wehn, and Steve Oh
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0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Transplantation ,business.industry ,Immunology ,MEDLINE ,Cell Biology ,Bioinformatics ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,business ,Genetics (clinical) ,Serum free media - Published
- 2018
50. Degradation of soil fertility following cycles of cotton–cereal cultivation in Mali, West Africa: A first approximation to the problem
- Author
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Giora J. Kidron, Arnon Karnieli, and Itzhak Benenson
- Subjects
business.industry ,Agroforestry ,Soil organic matter ,Soil Science ,Tillage ,Agronomy ,Agriculture ,Agricultural land ,Soil pH ,Soil retrogression and degradation ,Soil water ,Environmental science ,Soil fertility ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Common agricultural practice in West Africa involves alternating crop cultivation for 10–12 years and thereafter leaving the field to rest (fallow) for 10–15 years. With increasing population pressure and growing demand for food on the one hand, and the lack of unexploited lands on the other, soils undergo fast degradation. In an attempt to predict soil degradation, 12 fields were sampled around Kita, Mali. Seven of these fields were under cultivation whereas the remaining fields were fallow or virgin soils. The soil pH, electrical conductivity, N–NO 3 , N–NH 4 , P, K, and the soil organic matter (SOM) were determined. Of all variables, only nitrogen and SOM showed significant linear relationship with cotton lint at the cultivated fields, with SOM being the only variable showing a clear threshold (of 18 t/ha) that distinguishes between fertile and infertile fields. Based on field observations a simple model of the family agricultural land use is presented, aiming to provide a link between agriculture practice and soil degradation. The model demonstrates that the current practices of cultivation and fertilization will result in a slow but inevitable decrease of SOM, with SOM reaching, in 25–35 years, a critical level, below which cotton growth will no longer be economical. We thus conclude that the current practice of cultivation is inefficient and a new cultivation practice, which accounts for the cardinal role of SOM should be adopted.
- Published
- 2010
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