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Umbilical hernia replacement is commonly done via surgery. Many types of surgical interventions exist. Ultimately, laparoscopic approach results in better outcomes in terms of recurrence and cosmesis and activity revert back, even if the procedure is done open. Although this may be the case, the question of what is the best way to repair has yet to be resolved. Forty and thirty-one patients were diagnosed with open and laparoscopic mesh repair in this research, and were followed for thirty days to find out if there were any differences between treatments.

Background: Thyroid function tests are mandatory in clinical practice because symptoms and signs are not reliable to discriminate between various types of thyroid disease. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine assay-specific reference range for serum free T4, total T4, total T3 and TSH among healthy non-pregnant adult cohort for Roche® platforms in Basrah (Southern Iraq) from single laboratory in a tertiary center using indirect approach of the available data. Methods: A Cross sectional study for non-pregnant adults 19 years and above. Sera were analyzed by using cobs e411 for thyroid functions tests. Results: Total enrolled persons were 10,078. The 95% reference intervals for TSH were 0.20-6.50 μIU/mL, which increased with age though not linear, for free T4 were 0.8-1.70 ng/dL, for total T4 were 3.78-15.33 μg/dL, and for total T3 were 0.80-2.50 ng/mL. Colcusion: Cobs e411(Roche® analytical platform) analyzer reference range for thyroid function cannot be applied for Iraqi population .

Cardiovascular diseases were the main cause for loosing lives in the last decades due to the restricted blood flow states in the blood vessels areas. Numerical investigations have been conducted as the aim of this work to examine the blood flow, and wall shear stresses adjacent to the mono stenosis up to different degrees involved in the main, side and distal main branches as well as observe the pulsatile flow of blood in the left coronary artery through various percentage of stenosis. Both the Carreau non-Newtonian rheological model and the Newtonian model were utilized to model the blood fluid and wall shear stresses of left coronary artery, in a row, all the calculated data were validated with the previously published papers. It was found that the blood flow inside areas of the artery lie within the range of non-Newtonian rheological effects can be present, verifying the need to treat blood as non-Newtonian fluid; especially, with the case of 90% blockage.

Background: This study reviewed the psychological consequences of the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 and the challenges that face post-traumatic interventions. COVID-19 pandemic has multifaceted psychological effects extending social stigmatization to COVID-19 patients, resulted in delaying in medical care and hiding important medical history, particularly of travel, this in turn will increase the risk of transmission. Objectives of the study: To explore if there is significant impacts of public health emergency COVID-19 on mental health among clients attending Al/Karkh Care centers. Methods: Cross-sectional study describes the mental health status among clients attending Al-Karkh Health Centers during the COVID-19 pandemic, using mental health reports from Mental Health Unit/Al-Karkh Health Directorate, which were collected from January to August. Using (SPSS25) for statistical analysis. Statistical test Chi-square used and p value of ⩽.05 was considered significant. Results: The percentages of psychological disturbances among clients is higher throughout the first 7 months of 2019 than 2020, till August the percentage of psychological disturbances started to hike up in 2020 than in 2019 (6%), (5.4%) respectively. Throughout the months of 2020 up to August there was significant difference between male and female clients in mental disturbances p value Conclusion: The current study found that COVID-19 pandemic is expected to raise great challenges for mental health services in health care centers and constitute a mental health risk especially to women and girls compared to men.

The manufacturing industry in Iraq has faced, during the time stages, several obstacles that have had devastating effects on the Iraqi economy. These obstacles are represented by political events and wars that have led to the depletion of most human and material resources and the suspension of most vital industrial facilities from working, And the occurrence of this major deviation in the process of economic development, For the same reasons, the contributions of the manufacturing sector to the gross domestic product varied fluctuatingly, indicating instability in the growth rates of this sector, On the other hand, the supremacy of the belief that the dominance of oil resources as a main source for creating economic growth and achieving a high level of prosperity placed the manufacturing sector a place of great neglect. The result is that growth in this sector has become distorted in light of the heavy dependence on the oil sector. This study aims to estimate the production functions in the manufacturing industry in Iraq. Through which the existing production relations in this industry can be analyzed, And the extent of the possibility of substituting the factors of production, and measuring the flexibility of production for the factor of labor and capital, and marginal productivity.

Home Automation System (HAS) has attracted great interest as communication technology advances. A Smart Home (SH) is an Internet of Things (IoT) app that utilizes the Internet to surveillance and control devices through the use of a smart home automation system (SHAS). Current home automation systems (HASs) are limited by a lack of IoT technology, an unfriendly user interface, a limited wireless transmission range, and high costs. This paper describes an affordable, safe and energy-efficient WiFi-based system smart home or intelligent home, which enables home appliances to be monitored by homeowners in local and remote locations via mobile phone/PC. Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ and Arduino Mega 2560 were used to configuring the server automation framework. Moreover, various sensors that are connected to the Arduino Mega controller have been used to monitor current, voltage, power, energy, frequency, humidity, temperature, motion, flame, smoke, gas, doors, windows and other household conditions, and also to successfully control household appliances (lights, fans, reverse fan, water pump, etc.) either automatically or via relays. The proposed automation system can surveillance and control home conditions via the Blynk app for both Android or IOS.

Aims In atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, untreated sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with lower success rates of rhythm control strategies and as such structured SDB testing is recommended. Herein, we describe the implementation of a virtual SDB management pathway in an AF outpatient clinic and examine the utility and feasibility of this new approach. Methods and results Prospectively, consecutive AF patients accepted for AF catheter ablation procedures without previous diagnosis of SDB were digitally referred to a virtual SDB management pathway and instructed to use WatchPAT-ONE (ITAMAR) for one night. Results were automatically transferred to a virtual sleep laboratory, upon which a teleconsultation with a sleep physician was planned. Patient experience was measured using surveys. SDB testing was performed in 119 consecutive patients scheduled for AF catheter ablation procedures. The median time from digital referral to finalization of the sleep study report was 18 [11–24] days. In total, 65 patients (55%) were diagnosed with moderate-to-severe SDB. Patients with SDB were prescribed more cardiovascular drugs and had higher body mass indices (BMI, 29 ± 3.3 vs. 27 ± 4.4kg/m2, P Conclusion This novel virtual AF management pathway allowed remote SDB testing in AF outpatient clinics with a short time to diagnosis and high patient satisfaction. Structured SDB testing results in a high detection of previously unknown SDB in AF patients scheduled for AF ablation.

In this paper the benchmarking functions are used to evaluate and check the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. However, the functions utilized have two dimension but they selected with different difficulty and with different models. In order to prove capability of PSO, it is compared with genetic algorithm (GA). Hence, the two algorithms are compared in terms of objective functions and the standard deviation. Different runs have been taken to get convincing results and the parameters are chosen properly where the Matlab software is used. Where the suggested algorithm can solve different engineering problems with different dimension and outperform the others in term of accuracy and speed of convergence.

Each project management system aims to complete the project within its identified objectives: budget, time, and quality. It is achieving the project within the defined deadline that required careful scheduling, that be attained early. Due to the nature of unique repetitive construction projects, time contingency and project uncertainty are necessary for accurate scheduling. It should be integrated and flexible to accommodate the changes without adversely affecting the construction project’s total completion time. Repetitive planning and scheduling methods are more effective and essential. However, they need continuous development because of the evolution of execution methods, essentially based on the repetitive construction projects’ composition of identical production units. This study develops a mathematical model to forecast repetitive construction projects using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique. The software (WEKA 3.9.1©2016) has been used in the process of developing the mathematical model. The number of factors affecting the planning and scheduling of the repetitive projects has been identified through a questionnaire that analyzed its results using SPSS V22 software. Three accuracy measurements, correlation coefficient (R), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE), were used to check the mathematical model and to compare the actual values with predicted values. The results showed that the SVM technique was more precise than those calculated by the conventional methods and was found the best generalization with R 97 %, MAE 3.6 %, and RMSE 7 %.

Projects suspensions are between the most insistent tasks confronted by the construction field accredited to the sector’s difficulty and its essential delay risk foundations’ interdependence. Machine learning provides a perfect group of techniques, which can attack those complex systems. The study aimed to recognize and progress a wellorganized predictive data tool to examine and learn from delay sources depend on preceding data of construction projects by using decision trees and naïve Bayesian classification algorithms. An intensive review of available data has been conducted to explore the real reasons and causes of construction project delays. The results show that the postponement of delay of interim payments is at the forefront of delay factors caused by the employer’s decision. Even the least one is to leave the job site caused by the contractor’s second part of the contract, the repeated unjustified stopping of the work at the site, without permission or notice from the client’s representatives. The developed model was applied to about 97 projects and used as a prediction model. The decision tree model shows higher accuracy in the prediction.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common and heritable disease that has an environmental influence on brain function. The diseases affects multiple aspects of the lives of college students, not only on their study but also on the relationships with other people. The problem with ADHD attention involves short term memory. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the capability of improving short term working memory for ADHD patients by the aid of technology a proper VR environment is built for ADHD, who are isolated from the real circumference. Electroencephalography (EEG) is taken as biofeedback to read the brain signal from the patient. A deep learning approach and an artificial neural network method, are employed to efficiently and accurately process EEG. The findings of the trial indicate that the virtual reality recommended system will play a greater role in improving the attention to the ADHD patient.

Objective Tea lovers are increasing worldwide. We hope that this report is the first to discuss the possible impacts of high black tea consumption on gestational weight gain (GWG) and birth parameters. Methods Throughout one year, a total of 7,063 pregnant ladies coming for first antenatal visit were screened in a major tertiary center. Of them, 1,138 were involved and divided according to their preference into 3 groups: excessive tea (ET), usual tea (UT), and mixed beverages group. The study included women who gave birth to healthy neonates. Results The rate of ET consumption was 4.13% with a total of 41 cases. The UT group (controls) comprised 94 women. ET was significantly associated (P

Background: Partial seizure is well-defined as sudden extreme, profligate, and limited electrical discharges by gray matter from some portions of the brain due to certain structural & metabolic abnormalities. Objective: To distinguish the etiologies of partial seizures and to clarify its association with the age of affected patients. Patients and Methods: A prospective study, done on all patients with neurological consultation in Al- Batool Teaching Hospital, Baqubah Teaching Hospital and Al Yarmouk teaching Hospital from Nov, 2016 to Dec, 2018. Patients with partial seizures and/with secondary generalization were merged. This was fortified through a full history, physical checkup, EEG, and MRI of the brain. The study’s sample comprising 106 patients with partial seizures, the age ranged from 6-75 years, with 52 males and 54 females. Results: Atypical neuroimaging was found in (61%) of patients. Tumors occurred in (19.7%) of patients, the highest of them below 40 years of age while infarctions comprised 25.5% of patients outside this age. Complex partial seizures(CPS) patients with temporal lobe foci comprised 83.7 % and (16.2%) had frontal lobe problems, while (49%) of Simple partial seizures (SPS) patients had frontal lobe foci, 22% frontoparietal and 13% had parietal lobe foci and had brain lesions were spotted in 75.4% of patients with SPS and (35.1%) with complex partial seizures. Conclusion: Infarction is a common reason for partial seizures in patients above 40 years while below this age the tumor is common etiology. A partial seizure is connected mostly with brain lesions. Keywords: Partial seizures, comorbid factors, brain lesions

In this paper, Nano Electromechanical Switch (NEMS) was designed and simulated by using MATLAB simulation, then was tested by on-line test through bias super-position. This switch has 4.5 nm thickness, offers low power dissipation and permits nonstop observing of all essential jobs. On the other hand, there are some challenges facing this Nano system. One of them is very difficult to resonators collective products with the same characteristics. The fabrication process was also a complex process and much hardness occurred during repetitive operations, which failure and stiction caused problems. In this work, a comparison between the response of a fault-free system and the system with some failures has been carried out. The test results showed a decrease in pull-in voltage with increasing overlap area as a result of wear failure mechanism in Nano Switch (NS). Creep in (NS) affected the value of the young modules and this increased the output voltage, also the crack in the beam of (NS) increased the effective mass and decreased output signal.

In this work, different sizes of BaTiO3 (BTO) were characterized. The effective parameters were studied to reach optimum performance in order to realize an optical modulator. The parameters such as spectroscopy, electro-optic coefficient, crystalline structure, and birefringence indicated that BaTiO3 has an excellent behavior to manipulate the light by Pockels modulator, spatially in the field of telecom. The sample size (10×3 mm) was shown a good performance compare with other samples, for example, the BTO has low absorption, high variation of output as a function of voltage applied and good efficiency that showed by figure of merit. In addition, a low half-wave voltage (Vπ) was observed.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a newly emerging term for the new generation of the Internet which allows understanding between interconnected devices. IoT acts as an assistant in healthcare and plays an extremely important role in wide scopes of medicinal services observing applications. Through determining the pattern of parameters that are observed, the character of the disease can be expected. Health specialists and technicians have developed a great system with low-cost healthcare monitoring for people suffering from many diseases using common techniques such as wearable devices, wireless channels, and other remote devices. Network-related sensors, either worn on the body or in living environments, collect rich information to assess the physical and mental state of the patient. This work focuses on scanning the existing e-health (electronic healthcare) monitoring system using integrated systems. The main goal of the e-health monitoring system is to offer the patient a prescription automatically according to his or her condition. The doctor can check patient health continuously without physical interaction. The study aims to explore the uses of IoT applications in the medical sector, and its role in raising the level of medical care services in health institutions. Also, the study will address the applications of IoT in the medical field and the extent of its use to enrich traditional methods in various health fields and to determine the extent of the ability of IoT to improve the quality of health services provided. The study relies on a descriptive research approach through an analysis of the literature published in this field. The results of the study refer to the application of IoT in the health institutions, it will help to obtain accurate diagnoses for patients, which will reflect on the quality of service provided to the patient. It will also reduce periodic patient reviews to the hospital by relying on IoT applications for remote diagnosis. Also, an application in health institutions will contribute to providing data correct for the diseases that patients suffer from, and hence employing them in preparing scientific research to obtain more accurate results. This paper introduces the review of the Internet-based healthcare monitoring system (HCMS) and the general outlines on opportunities and challenges of the patient’s Internet-based patient health monitoring system.

After the COVID-19 Pandemic, electronic Learning has become the unique means of completing curricula, conducting assessments and examinations in Iraqi universities. The present research evaluates an electronic test (E-exam) implementation at one of the Iraqi technical universities (as a case study) based on two samples of 532 teachers and 5268 students. Descriptive and inference statistics were used to analyze the two samples' responses to two questionnaires' questionnaires. The results showed that 84% of the teachers and 68% of the students indicated that the implemented E-exam could not distinguish the outstanding students, leading to unreal scores. On the other hand, 21% of teachers have confidence with E-exam, while 60% of students trust it. Furthermore, the Lakeland Triangular classification test shows that the Grand Mean for the two samples' responses was moderate weight (1.67-2.33), and the teachers' responses were more homogenous with a lower Variance. Both samples' reflections revealed an adverse reaction towards E-exam's suitability for assessment in Technical Education, and so Blended Learning is recommended to meet this requirement. However, enhancement of the infrastructure and more training is needed to obtain effective monitoring.

The present study is an attempt to discover whether Iraqi EFL College Students are aware of research plagiarism or they are not. To manage this study the researchers set three questions, aims, and hypotheses. Thus they prepare a questionnaire (of five domains and 25 items) to be conducted on 116 male and female fourth year students from department of English/ College of Education/ University of Kerbala. The results show that they are unaware of plagiarism because they are not acquainted with the right way of avoiding plagiarism. A t-test has been use to show whether there are differences between males and females, and the result shows no statistical difference. Moreover, a set of conclusions such as students are not acquainted with the right way of documentation because the textbook is relatively old, they don't have enough practical training in writing research paper. Finally, recommendations have been presented such as: The instructors (whether professors or teachers) should focus on the ethical considerations in writing papers, the textbook should be updated occasionally to match the need of the new academic publishing requirements.

A UV detector based on the zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film was fabricated by using sol–gel process with zinc acetate dehydrate (Zn(CH3COO)22H2O) as a precursor. The hexagonal crystal structure of the ZnO sample was revealed by X–ray diffraction patterns (XRD). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) results indicated that the ZnO film’s surface is smooth and uniform, having grain size of about 50 nm. Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) revealed UV light and broadband emissions, which were attributed to near band–edge (NBE) and deep level–edge emissions (DLE), respectively. The metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) device based on the fabricated ZnO film showed a sensitivity of 43% upon exposure light (0.66 μW/cm2) at 5 V and a response peak of 4.3 A/W upon exposure to UV light, respectively. The UV detector showed excellent stability with time and a strong photocurrent response under 380 nm light. These results show a low-cost method of fabricating a high-performance ZnO MSM UV photodetector with a quick response, fast recovery, and high responsivity.

Nanotechnology has begun to be used to solve or at least mitigate environmental pollution problems, and in turn has provided a great opportunity to develop some strategies to protect the environment from pollution. Nanotechnology enables having the possibility to increase the efficiency of energy consumption, produce clean energy sources, solve the problem of water and air pollution and other environmental problems by developing new ways to provide and treat drinking water and discover air pollution. This stimulated the United Nations to pay attention to it and to monitor a plan to benefit from its applications in various fields. This paper reviews the impacts of nanotechnology on such environmental issues.

Objective As part of the bioinformatics studies, we utilized National Cancer Institute (NCI)'s Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool to estimate the five-year period and lifetime risk of breast cancer development among Iraqi risky women. Methods Totally, 110 risky women aged 21-67 (mean=36±7.4) years were interviewed by a series of questions regarding the risk of breast cancer development. Moreover, 100 cases with mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes were included. Results Our results demonstrated that the patient's estimated risk of breast cancer development during the next five years and lifetime (until the age 90 years) included 0.96% (p=0.211) and 9.97% (p=0.002), respectively being relatively low. Accordingly, the lifetime risk for the breast cancer development was significantly higher (10.38%) than that of 5-year. However, the age of patients was not significantly associated to the breast cancer development as there was no significant difference among various age groups. Conclusion It was concluded that long-term or lifetime period plays as a significant risk factor for developing breast cancer among female patients who had had a screening episode in Iraq.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: تزايد انتشار حصى الكلى في جميع أنحاء العالم في العقد الماضي، ويُعتقد أن عوامل الخطر المتعددة تُعزى إلى التغيير في نمط الحياة، والنظام الغذائي، وحتى الاحتباس الحراري. في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة، لم يتم عمل الكثير من البحوث لاستكشاف انتشار حصى الكلى والمعرفة عنها. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى قياس مدى معرفة المجتمع بحصى الكلى بين البالغين في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة. طرق البحث: في هذه الدراسة المقطعية، تم جمع البيانات باستخدام استبانة ذاتية الإدارة تم توزيعها علىخمسة مائة و خمسة عشر مشارك (٢٠-٤٩ عاما) من أبو ظبي ودبي وعجمان والشارقة. النتائج: من بين ٥٠٠ مشارك، بلغ متوسط مجموع درجات المعرفة ٥٦.٤٪. لم يكن هناك ارتباط بين المعرفة بين أولئك الذين عانوا من حصى الكلى والذين لم يصابوا بها. كان وجود تاريخ عائلي بتشخيص حصى الكلى يزيد من خطر الإصابة بحصى الكلى بمعدل ٢.٢٧. وأظهرت النتائج أن المشاركين الذين كان لديهم علامات وأعراض وتشخيص وعلاج حصى الكلى، كان لديهم مستوى جيد من المعرفة بعد تحليل مصدر المعرفة، ولكن كان هناك مستوى ضئيل من المعرفة بخصوص العوامل الغذائية المتعلقة بحصى الكلى. كان للإنترنت ووسائل الإعلام دور أكبر بضعفين من الأطباء في تثقيف السكّان. الاستنتاجات: استطاعت هذه الدراسة أن توضح أن سكّان الإمارات على دراية ببعض الجوانب المتعلقة بحصوات الكلى ولكن على غير دراية بشأن عوامل الخطر التبعية. وهذا يسلط الضوء على أهمية تعزيز التعليم من خلال الحملات الصحية. Abstract: Objectives: The prevalence of kidney stones is increasing worldwide. Multiple risk factors are believed to contribute to the development of kidney stones such as lifestyle, diet, and global warming. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), there has been limited research exploring the prevalence and risk factors of kidney stones. This study attempts to assess the understanding and prevalence of kidney stones among adults in the UAE. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, distributed among 515 participants (20–49 years old) from Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Ajman, and Sharjah states. IBM SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. Results: The mean of knowledge score was 56.4% (n = 500). There was no correlation between the knowledge of those who had experienced kidney stones and those who did not. Furthermore, a family history of kidney stones increased the risk of developing stones by 2.27 times. Among participants reporting signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and the management of kidney stones, the knowledge and understanding about kidney stones was high. However, the perceptions of the same cohort about dietary precautions were limited. While analysing the sources of knowledge, the Internet and mass media were twice as important as physicians in educating the population. Conclusion: This study shows that the study cohort from the UAE population was aware of certain aspects of kidney stones but was quite naïve about its consequential risk factors. This highlights the importance of promoting education about kidney stones through health campaigns.

For the sake of enhancing the mechanical properties and durability of asphalt concrete, many studies suggest adding different admixtures, such as waste materials in the form of filler. These admixtures have a significant influence on the performance of asphalt concrete by plying a roll in filling the voids between particles and sometimes as a cementitious material. This study aims to improve the strength of asphalt concrete by adding crushed animal bone to the mix after carbonization at a temperature of 800 Co. Seven different percentages (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 100%) of animal bone ash as a replacement for the filler percentage were added to the optimum asphalt concrete mix. A number of tests were conducted on asphalt concrete specimens to measure Marshall stability (MS), Marshall flow value (MF), voids filled with asphalt percentages (VFA), air void percentages (VA), voids in mineral aggregate percentages (VMA), and maximum theoretical specific gravity (GMM). From the results, the maximum stability of 14.85 KN was reached when using animal bone ash of 20% as a partial replacement for the conventionally used filler (limestone). In general, there are some improvements in the physical properties of asphalt concrete with animal bone ash, which can be related to the increase in the bond between the particles of aggregates and the bitumen material. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091757 Full Text: PDF

The aim of this paper is to determine the role of job engagement in the Iraqi Residency Affairs Directorate and its impact on employees, as the job engagement variable based on the Rich’s model included dimensions of cognitive engagement, emotional engagement and physical engagement. This variable has been studied in the Directorate of Residence Affairs which are one of the specialized directorates in the Iraqi Ministry of Interior. This study relied on a questionnaire as a main tool for measuring and collecting data based on the random sampling method . The sample size included 206 individuals among 400 individuals. However, the respondents were 190 whereas the final number for data analysis was 180. The researchers used the ready-made statistical programs (SPSS v.25 AMOS v.25). The results showed that the Iraqi Residency Affairs Directorate is distinguished by the presence of job engagement among most of its employees, whether in terms of cognitive, emotional or physical absorption, and this indicates that the success in achieving these feelings and motivation towards work is a reflection of the higher leadership that was able to inspire workers from in order to provide everything they can offer to the organization. This matter does not come without the presence of job loyalty among the workers, which was able to achieve job engagement

Background: This study aimed to identify the effect of using the Immune Max dietary supplement on the histological composition of some organs in male albino mice. Methods: The study was conducted on the Swiss albino male mice which were divided into two groups: treated group with 0.162 mg/kg/ day of Immune Max and second group as a control. Results: Histological examination was conducted for liver, kidney and spleen. The results showed some histological changes in these organs like loses of tissues, congestion, leukocytes infiltration and dead cells. Conclusion: The purpose of a conclusion that the use of the Immune Max nutritional supplement can cause damage to the tissues of a number of organs and this is likely to be due to the dose concentration and the duration of the treatment. How to cite this article:Jawad MA, Kadhim AJ, Hasan SY. The Effect of Immune Max in the Liver, Kidney and Spleen Histological Structure in Male Albino Mice. J Commun Dis. 2021;53(3):186-189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202156

Background: The current research is designed to investigate alterations in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde - MDA) and renal markers (urea and creatinine) in patients of chronic renal failure (CRF) as compared to the control group. Method: The study included 55 subjects, who were separated into two groups: control group, which included 15 healthy members with no history of systematic illness; and patients group, which included 40 patients with CRF divided into four groups “Non: CRF patients without any accompanied disease, DM: CRF patients with diabetes mellitus, HT: CRF patients with hypertension, and HT + DM: CRF patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension”. Results: The findings reveal that there is a notable increase in serum concentration of MDA, urea, and creatinine, in patients group as compared to the control group. Conclusion: In all chronic renal failure patients with or without any accompanying disease, lipid peroxidation is present in pre- and posthaemodialysis patients as well as patients with CRF have high levels of urea and creatinine compared with healthy groups. How to cite this article:Jawad MA, Kadhim AJ. The Study of Biochemical Markers in Chronic Renal Failure Patients in Pre- and Post-Haemodialysis. J Commun Dis. 2021;53(3):259-264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202166

Objectives: This study aims to find the thickness of muscles of lower limbs in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) along with echogenicity and applying these two findings in the diagnosis of the disease. Methods: This is a case-control study conducted in the clinical neurophysiology unit in Merjan medical city. It includes 73 patients diagnosed to have DPN based on characteristic history and physical examination and documented by nerve conduction study. These patients are matched to 73 control that has matched age and sex to the patient group. Patient and control are examined by high-resolution ultrasound (12 MHz linear probes). We assess muscle thickness and echogenicity of the tibialis anterior, biceps femoris, and abductor halluces brevis. Results: The study showed that there was a statistically significant decrease in muscle thickness and increase in echogenicity in all tested muscles when compared to the control group. Also, we calculated the cut-off value with sensitivity and specificity of muscle thickness in the diagnosis of DPN. Conclusion: Muscle ultrasound is a useful complementary test for the diagnosis of DPN.

Hemorrhoid, is one of the most common anal pathologies. It is considered as a big issue in our society, surgical treatment is one of the valid ways to treat hemorrhoids. Pain after surgery is the most important complication beside other complications. Piles are removed with overlying skin removed with hemorrhoidectomy. Pain intensity varies, depending on the patient's pain threshold. This research attempts to see if open hemorrhoidectomy by itself or hemorrhoidectomy and internal sphinctorotomy were effective in treating post-operative pain.

Objective: To identify the prevalence of caries, plaque score, and periodontal disease and explore the correlations between oral health literacy scores and oral health status among undergraduate students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a group of undergraduate students using the Malay version of the Oral Health Literacy (OHL) Index. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select the samples. Clinical oral examinations were conducted by a single trained examiner using a Community Periodontal Index (CPI) probe and a mouth mirror. Data analysis was conducted using statistical tests contained in SPSS version 26, and statistical significance was set at p

Fracture of an endodontic instrument will impair the debridement procedure and thus affects the endodontic outcome. This case report focuses on the management of separated instrument and highlights the anatomical variation of mandibular first premolar. An in-depth knowledge on the internal anatomy of this particular tooth as well as following a proven and safe technique as a guideline is important in preventing these endodontic mishaps.

In this work ,cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films deposited on glass substrates using Nd-YAG laser wavelength (1064 nm) laser-induced plasma deposition technique (PLD). The structural, morphology and optical properties of these films have been described as a change in the effect of laser pulse energy ( ). The X-ray diffraction results show that s all samples were polycrystalline hexagonal structure and the crystalline size ghange with increasing of the laser energy. The optical properties results show that the transmittance of all deposited thin films decreases with increasing of laser pulse energy .As a result of the microscopic examination of the surface, it was found that the surface is uniform and the granular size increases with the increase of the laser power.

In this manuscript, CdO-NiO nanocomposites (in the form of thin film) with particular concentrations are paper using laser pulse deposition technique under the effect of different laser energies (300, 400, 500, and 600 mJ). Furthermore, the structural, morphological, and optical analyses are thoroughly investigated. In particular, well-oriented deposited films are observed by using X-ray diffraction technique, while the morphological properties are investigated using two different techniques namely field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy which have revealed small nanoparticles with approximate diameter of 50 nm and average surface roughness ranging between 6.5 and 20.3 nm for laser energies of 400 and 600 mJ, respectively. Continuously, the optical technique applied which used UV-Vis analysis has showed cut-off phenomenon at around 339 nm. In the meanwhile, the energy band gap for the deposited films was found to be within the range of 2.2 and 2.4 eV, as a result of different laser energies.

In recent years, the rapid development in the field of wireless technologies led to the appearance of a new topic, known as the Internet of things (IoT). The IoT applications can be found in various fields of our life, such as smart home, health care, smart building, and etc. In all these applications, the data collected from the real world are transmitted through the Internet; therefore, these data have become a target of many attacks and hackers. Hence, a secure communication must be provided to protect the transmitted data from unauthorized access. This paper focuses on designing a secure IoT system to protect the sensing data. In this system, the security is provided by the use of Lightweight AES encryption algorithm to encrypt the data received from physical environment. The hardware used in this proposal is the Raspberry Pi 3 model B and two types of sensors. The LAES algorithm was embedded inside the Raspberry in order to protect the sensing data, that come from sensors connected to the Raspberry Pi, before sending them through the network. The analysis results show that the proposed IoT security system consumes less time in encryption/decryption and has high throughput when compared with others from related work. Its throughput is higher in about 19.24% than the value reported for one system in the related studies.

Toxoplasma gondii an intracellular parasite infected large proportion of the world population, but mostly without visible clinical signs in immunocompetent patients. The present study was performed to determined the levels of cytokines (IL-12 , IFN-γ) and human proflin-1 (PFN-1) in the sera of 125 aborted women as case group and 30 healthy women (15 non pregnant and 15 pregnant women) as control groups in Women's and children Hospital in Al-Qadisiyah province from December / 2015 till March / 2016, Five ml of venous blood sample was obtained from each woman under sterile condition. Serum samples were positive for antibodies specific toxoplasmosis IgG and IgM. It was estimated levels of cytokines and profilin1 in these serums and significant increasing showed up in concentration interleukin 12 (IL-12) and profilin-1(PFN-1) and low in the concentration of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) at probability (0.05) in compare with control group that ensure their role in immune response against the parasite. Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, cytokines (IL-12 , IFN-γ) and human proflin-1 (PFN-1)

Huge data rates have been provided by 5G wireless communication systems using millimeter wave (mmWave) band that have frequencies ranging from 30 to 300 GHz. mmWave provides much wider bandwidth than the existing 4G band. The 5G network deals with massive number of devices. This presents many challenges including capacity, end to end delay, data rate, and very large number of connections. In this paper, the main task is to apply network coding to 5G mmWave communication system to increase the throughput of the communication links. Simple packet-based network coding schemes using butterfly network topology are simulated. The two network coding schemes considered here are Physical Layer Network Coding (PLNC) and Network Layer Network Coding (NLNC). Models of Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and mmWave indoor fading channels are considered in the work using Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation. The results of the tests showed that the use of both NLNC and PLNC improved throughput in comparison to uncoded system. Using PLNC increased the Bit Error Rate (BER) and the Packet Error Rate (PER), while NLNC scheme showed almost identical error performance to uncoded system over mmWave fading channel. The results show that network coding improved throughput when compared.

Motivating emotions is a critical factor in empowering students to manage the troubles they might face. Educational organizations pay great efforts to employ all the available means that can motivate their students for better learning from early stages until universities or institutes levels. The administrations of some universities and institutes, especially in the United States of America, do not stop there and pay more attention on motivating their students at the graduation parties on how to manage future businesses and challenges. This study explores how commencement speakers utilize success stories pragma-rhetorically to motivate the graduates to behave wisely to take future decisions. It investigates the pragmatic-rhetorical strategies in the motivational storytelling that is delivered within commencement speeches at American universities and institutes. It aims to recognize and analyze these strategies that commencement speakers employ as strategic strategies in presenting their stories to achieve their motivational purposes. More specifically, it explores how speech acts, rhetorical tropes, conversational implicatures, and rhetorical appeals are used and distributed in the storytelling discourse. To this end, the researchers selected ten commencement speeches delivered by American commencement speaker.

The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of the refractive index (RI) sensor based on a side-opening quasi-D-shaped optical fiber is proposed in this study. This designed sensor uses a gold nanowire (AuNW) to stimulate the plasmon mode. The effect of SPR’s between core guided mode and polaritons of the designed side-opening quasi-D-shaped optical fiber can enhance the sensitivity of the RI, and the polishing of the shorter side can be realized which makes the mechanical strength of the proposed fiber sensor is better than that of other sensors based on the D-shaped fiber. Moreover, the sensor designed in this study is simple to fabricate, as the side opening of the quasi-D-shaped optical fiber can be readily filled with a sensing medium, and it offers the advantages of reusability. The key parameters of the proposed sensor have been evaluated using the finite element method-based COMSOL Multiphysics. Various structural design parameters, including the width of the U-shaped groove, the diameter of the AuNW, and the distance of the opening depth from the core, are optimized. Results indicate enhanced sensitivity at 14.5 $$\upmu$$ m/RIU. The resolution is $$6.896 \times 10^{-6}$$ RIU in the sensing RI range of 1.33–1.41. The maximum amplitude sensitivity is 453 RIU $$^{-1}$$ at the sensing RI of 1.40. The novel SPR sensor is an excellent candidate for application in biochemical sensors.

A prism-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor supported water/gas-based liquid crystal (LC) E7 is presented. A gold layer was internally attached to the chamber filled with LC. The results d...

Background: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a communicable disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has since spread globally, leading to an ongoing pandemic. Aim of study: to review the clinical, lab investigation and imaging techniques, in pediatric age group affected COVID-19 to help medical experts better understand and supply timely diagnosis and treatment. Subjects and methods: this study is a retrospective descriptive clinical study. The medical records of patients were analyzed. Information’s recorded include demographic data, exposure history, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, chest x- ray, and chest computed tomographic (CT) scans. Data were obtained with data collection forms from paper medical records. Results: there were 76 COVID-19 pediatric patients, 46.1% of those patients were within the age group 6 -10 years. The female to male ratio was 1:1, and 92.1% of them were living within the urbane area. About 60.5% of patients were pupils. Seventy-one (93.4%) patients of them had no comorbidity. Twenty (26.3%) patients were asymptomatic. Regarding the duration of hospital stay, 39(51.31) patients had

This study accomplished to determine levels of salivary Alpha-Amylase (sAA) in Iraqi children with positive family history of hypertension, Hypertension was believed to be a risk factor in 18% of all deaths in 2010 (9.4 million globally). This study included one hundred children from primary school aged 6 to 13 years, with a focus in child welfare and family health history, with an emphasis on close relatives' hypertension reputations, with hypertension close relatives record categories identified by 1st and 2nd relatives, after documenting the full details, the burden was assessed for the children's families. The influence of age is confirmed by a correlation study of our own numbers, which shows a positive correlation. The disparity between age and salivary amylase level was important, with age group (12-13) years students having a higher mean salivary amylase level (309.7 U/L) than age group (6-7) years students (270.6 U/L). The gender outcome did not exceed statistical significance, but the gap was not important, which may be due to the limited sample size.

Recently, the literature review represented by its previous studies have witnessed obvious development that has been become the reason to create different trends. This paper aims to considerably contribute to the area of corporate governance to be then involved in the new trends testing the role of board attributes as mechanisms of corporate governance to know whether non-financial companies in the developing economies will benefit from these mechanisms in their impact of firm profitability. Thus, the present study tested 100 non-financial companies based on their annual reports in the year of 2020 as a cross sectional study. The results of testing the variables of the current study revealed that there is a negative link between board of directors size and profitability. On the other hand, the results showed that the managers independency has no relationship with profitability. Likewise, the results revealed that risk management has no effect on profitability. This study probably could be considered as a unique study due to its new contribution that fills the gap of what have been done in the previous studies in the area of corporate governance (CG) and profitability because it tested the link between risk management and growth. Hence, according to the researchers’ knowledge, there is no research that has been dealt with the two variables that were dealt by the current study. The current study introduces evidence to many parties, such as shareholders, scholar, executives and policy makers.

This paper attempts to investigate mitigation in biblical verses and prophetic traditions from a pragmatic perspective. This study tries to answer the following question: what are the most common pragmatic theories by which this phenomenon is conveyed by the speaker and understood by the listener. Accordingly, it tries to achieve the following aims: 1) specifying the most prominent categories of speech acts employed in such texts; 2) delineating the politeness strategies exploited in this discourse; 3) identifying the deictic expressions and pragmatic – conversational strategies utilized in both texts, It is hypothesized that 1) biblical verses and prophetic traditions show variations in the use of directive speech acts; 2) both positive and negative politeness strategies are employed in religious discourse ;3) non-specific reference and second person plural as deictic expressions are supposed to be used widely in this discourse;4) hinting strategy is employed highly in religious discourse because it indicates indirectness. An eclectic model is developed which utilizes Searle's (1969) model of speech acts and Brown & Levinson's (1987) model of politeness. The data of analysis are limited to three biblical texts taken from the New Testament and three prophetic traditions. Findings of the analysis reveal that the first and second hypotheses are fully validated whereas the third and fourth ones are partially invalidated in that non-specific reference pronouns such as 'one' is not used in biblical texts and the hinting strategy is not the most prominent strategy in biblical texts.

Classification is concerned with establishing criteria that can be used to identify or distinguish different populations of objects that appear in images. In this paper Supervised and unsupervised classification method applied on normal, abnormal (with a coronavirus) ct- lung images (which it took from Al shaikh zaeid Hospital) to study the quantitative and qualitative properties of these two categories. The analysis of performance with default quantitative parameters revealed that (kurtosis, skewness, entropy, Stander deviation (STD), mean). We found that: Qualitative (as seen) of abnormal lung images after applying Supervisors classification are better than the qualitative of abnormal lung images after applying unsupervisors classification to detect the virus with white color in the lower lobes of the lung.. from The quantitative Properties such as (kurtosis, skewness) of original lung images are similar in rising to resulted value after applying Supervisors classification on it, so Supervisors method is better than unSupervisors method to distinguishing between normal and abnormal lung images.