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Preprocessing is a significant data preparation step in data mining or machine learning techniques, to improve the performance of the classification models and to obtain better results. Exploring efficient preprocessing technique plays a vital role. In this study, principle component analysis (PCA) preprocessing technique compared with the proposed Preprocess_Integration(PI) preprocessing technique. The PCA is one of a preprocessing technique that reduces the dimension of the original data. The algorithm proposed in this paper integration of the PCA, correlation matrix, covariance matrix, and Chi-square test. Both the PCA and proposed methodology are applied on the breast cancer dataset. Results obtained with PCA are better than the PI technique.

Data hiding and encryption are the two successful techniques to protect the information in public domain while transmission. Conceal information in a cover image and reconstruction of the same cover image after extracting the hidden information without any alteration is recognized as reversible data hiding (RDH) technology. Reversible data hiding is mainly found application in military and medical field applications. Many such types of schemes are technologically advanced to ensure the security, genuineness, and integrity of the images on transmission through Internet or through any other medium. The cover image used here is a gray image and it is preprocessed for prediction error detection. After the detection of possible prediction error pixels, the position of the predicted error pixel is stored in a binary location map. For prediction error detection the median edge detector (MED) is used. By using information in the binary location map, the error position information is inserted to the encrypted image by most significant bit (MSB) substitution method. Chaotic generator used in this work for encryption process is two chaotic logistic map, which is used to produce pseudo-random binary sequence. The encryption algorithm used here is Coupled Chaotic Logistic Map, to generate pseudo-random binary sequence to encrypt the image pixel by pixel. The secret message is embedded into the prediction error highlighted encrypted image by MSB substitution method. MSB prediction method is used in the decoding phase as it is essential for the successful reconstruction of cover image. The embedded image can be productively extracted and the original cover image can absolutely recovered and its PSNR and SSIM value are infinity and 1.00, respectively. By using the coupled logistic chaotic map, high visual security, better NPCR, UACI, and correlation values are achieved.

A 66-year-old male patient with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) developed cardiogenic shock with echocardiographic evidence of decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and global hypokinesia concomitant with a robust systemic inflammatory response. Following the administration of convalescent plasma therapy and inotropic support, left ventricular function recovered fully in accordance with the decrease in the concentration of the inflammatory markers. Thus, we demonstrate the presence of transient reversible cardiomyopathy in a patient with severe COVID-19 and illustrate the association of acute cardiac dysfunction with profound systemic inflammation among COVID-19 patients.

Recent reports have suggested an increased risk of QT prolongation and subsequent life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, particularly torsade de pointes, in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. In this article, we report the case of a 75-year-old female with a baseline prolonged QT interval in whom the COVID-19 illness resulted in further remarkable QT prolongation (>700 ms), precipitating recurrent self-terminating episodes of torsade de pointes that necessitated temporary cardiac pacing. Despite the correction of hypoxemia and the absence of reversible factors, such as adverse medication effects, electrolyte derangements, and usage of hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin, the QT interval remained persistently prolonged compared with the baseline with subsequent degeneration into ventricular tachycardia and death. Thus, we highlight that COVID-19 illness itself can potentially lead to further prolongation of QT interval and unmask fatal ventricular arrhythmias in patients who have a prolonged QT and low repolarization reserve at baseline.

The present paper deals with input process parameter optimization in an extrusion process using DEFORM-3D software and Taguchi approach. Selection of process parameters in an extrusion process is a trivial task in order to minimize the power consumption as an objective function by using two different set of materials. The present research focuses on input process parameters including the shape of the work piece; half die angle, coefficient of friction, logarithmic strain, ram velocity and die length. The simulations aredone by DFORM-3D software used for expecting minimum force attained in cold frontward extrusion process. The materials such as DIN16MnCr5 and AISI1010are used as billet material with definite dimensions. The in effect of stress and strain distribution and also maximum principal stress through the billet has been assessed. The results attained from DFORM-3D software associated with experimental results. The results reveal that effective parameters have the significant influence on decreasing the minimum extrusion force.

The growth of network contents in today's world is exponential and it is difficult to create and maintain a centralized document index for efficient searching. Peer to Peer(P2P)systems are highly prominent and complicated nowadays which are used by millions of people for distributing documents or other internet contents. Although P2P network can be a scalable replacement to traditional client-server model, searching files efficiently in a large and dynamic network is a challenging problem. Recent research on keyword-based searching shows different problems in load balancing, storage redundancy and fault tolerance. In this paper, we assess various Keyword based search strategies for searching files in a P2P network.

The Indian Motility and Functional Diseases Association and the Indian Society of Gastroenterology developed this evidence-based practice guideline for management of chronic constipation. A modified Delphi process was used to develop this consensus containing 29 statements, which were generated by electronic voting iteration as well as face to face meeting and review of the supporting literature primarily from India. These statements include 9 on epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic criteria; 8 on pathophysiology; and the remaining 12 on investigations and treatment. When the proportion of those who voted either to accept completely or with minor reservation was 80% or higher, the statement was regarded as accepted. The members of the consensus team believe that this would be useful for teaching, clinical practice, and research on chronic constipation in India and in other countries with similar spectrum of the disorders.

Barrier nursing is a nursing technique by which a patient with an infectious disease is prevented from infecting other people is called barrier nursing. Nosocomial infections is present worldwide and affect both developed and countries. Hospital acquired infection in health care settings are common this is one of the major causes of death and also morbidity rate increasing among hospitalized patients. These infections are a significant burden both for the patient and for public health. Adequate infection prevention and control is central to providing good quality health care for patients and a safe working environment for those that work in healthcare settings. For this reason, urgent need of policies to be formed to monitor, prevent & control the Heath care associated infections (HCAI). Understanding the modes of transmission of infection and Infection prevention and control (IP&C) in the acute care setting is required especially in modern healthcare settings. Healthcare-associated infections are a potential burden on patients in terms of increased morbidity and length of stay and an economic burden on the healthcare system.

We report the case of a 71-year-old female who was incidentally found to have nonoliguric acute kidney injury on a routine workup for new-onset visual hallucination. Further history revealed inadvertent usage of nitrofurantoin for 3 months for an anticipated urological procedure. Renal biopsy demonstrated acute granulomatous interstitial nephritis. The renal function significantly improved following discontinuation of nitrofurantoin and corticosteroid administration. We highlight a rare association of nitrofurantoin with acute granulomatous interstitial nephritis through this case report.

Hughes Stovin syndrome (HSS) is very rare, believed to be a cardiovascular variant of Behcet's disease, characterized by an association of multiple pulmonary artery aneurysms and peripheral venous thrombosis. Intracardiac thrombi is a rare presentation, found in 6 patients among the 38 case reports

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is still a global problem and one of the leading causes for maternal mortality and morbidity in most of the developing countries. The aim and objective of the study was to know the role of various sociodemographic factors and its association with maternal anaemia. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study at a Community Health Centre in Chamarajanagar District. For the study purpose WHO categorization of severity of anaemia was used. All the delivered patients were divided into mild, moderate or severe degree of anaemia based on their hemoglobin (Hb%) levels at the time of delivery and the impact of the sociodemographic factors on the degree of anaemia was expressed as the percentage of severity. Results: A total of 1270 cases were included in the study out of which 270 (21.3%) of pregnant women had a normal hemoglobin level and 503 (39.6%) parturient were mildly anaemic, 460 (36.2%) with moderately anaemic and 2.9% (n=37) were severely anaemic. Patients who had an interpregnancy interval of >2 years, 60 % had normal Hb% and only 1.6% were severely anaemic. Moderate and severe anaemia was found more in women who were illiterates and an education level of less than high school level. Conclusions: Anaemia in pregnancy is associated with several social and demographic factors. Strategies must be taken from the conceptional level itself by providing proper antenatal counseling and women should be economically empowered and good antenatal care must be made available and accessible to all of them. Even with routine iron prophylaxis in pregnancy, still the prevalence of anaemia is high, so should we consider one or two doses of routine parenteral iron therapy for all pregnant women?

This system allows multiple data owners to outsource their data in a common could. This paper mainly emphases on privacy preserving mining on vertically partitioned database. It provides an even solution to protect data owner's raw data from the other data owners. To achieve secure outsourcing technique, the system proposes a cloud-aided frequent itemset mining solution. The run time in this system is one order higher than non-privacy preserving mining algorithms.

Leiomyoma of the uterus in one of the common benign gynecological conditions and one of the rare locations of a fibroid is from the cervix with an incidence of upto 2%. We are reporting a case of a 46 year old patient who came with complaints of mass per abdomen and with a history of retention of urine twice in the past one and half months. Abdominal examination revealed a firm mass of 24 weeks size gravid uterus with restricted mobility arising from the pelvis and a speculum examination, showed a mass protruding through the vagina with all the walls ballooned out and it appeared as if a head of the baby was protruding out in second stage of labor. It was a 1.9kg central cervical fibroid with a typical "Lantern on top of St. Paul’s cathedral" appearance which was operated without any complications.

Litigation in medical practice is becoming a global problem. So it is necessary to know what constitutes negligence and what is required to prove it and how far it is preventable.To analyze the prevalence and reasons for litigations in Obstetrics and Gynaecology for medical negligence and deficiency in service. To analyze on what grounds negligence was proved and to know whether it was preventable.It is a retrospective analysis of the judgments obtained from all the District Consumer Courts of South India and was specifically analyzed for reasons in filing the case, nature of settlement, and factors considered in deciding negligence especially in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.Totally 1317 cases were found on medical negligence and deficiency in service, with 347 (26.34 %) cases on Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBG) topping the list. Out of 347 cases on OBG 312 (89.91 %) cases were settled in the Courts. Negligence was proved in 98 (31.41 %) cases and 214 (68.59 %) cases were dismissed without compensation. 77 (24.68 %) cases on gynecology were filed with common reasons for litigation being Post-op complications, intraop complications (11.68 %), extension of surgery beyond consent (2.6 %) and out of 235 (75.32 %) cases on Obstetrics, tubectomy failure (23.82 %), birth asphyxia (10.21 %), traumatic injury to new born (5.96 %) were the common reasons for litigations. Inadequate documentation and improper consent were the main factors considered in deciding negligence on part of the doctors.With reasonable skill and care in diagnosis and treatment, proper documentation and legally valid consent it is not probable but possible to prevent litigations.

Biotechnological approaches like micropropagation, somaclonal variation, in vitro conservation, synseed technology, protoplast fusion, production of flavour and colouring components and development of novel transgenics have great potential in conservation, utilization and increasing the production of spices. Efficient micropropagation systems are available for many spices which are being used for propagation, conservation, safe movement and exchange of germplasm, crop improvement through somaclonal variation and transgenic pathways. Studies on the production of metabolites, flavour and colouring compounds using immobilized and transformed cell cultures are being attempted. Molecular markers and maps are being generated for crop profiling, fingerprinting, identification of duplicates, and marker-assisted breeding. Transcriptome sequencing is becoming an important tool for identification, isolation and cloning of useful genes. Bio-technological approaches involving microbials (antogonists/hyper parasites and PGPRs) with broad spectrum of disease suppression and growth promotion have been found effective in crop health management in spice crops.

Anomalous biliary anatomy is frequently encountered by surgeons during cholecystectomy. Importance of its recognition lies in avoiding serious biliary injuries. One such anomaly is cholecystohepatic duct. We describe rare clinical situation wherein agenesis of CHD along with cholecystohepatic duct was mistaken for hilar stricture.

Chronic diarrhea is a common clinical problem in gastroenterology practice and often difficult to diagnose the cause. Presence of villous atrophy in these subjects is not specific as differential diagnosis can be broad. Drug-induced diarrhea is often overlooked during the evaluation. We report a short series of such challenging small bowel diarrhea secondary to olmesartan-related sprue-like enteropathy.

Phytobezoar is an unusual cause of small bowel obstruction. It accounts for about 0.4%-4% of all mechanical bowel obstruction. However, the symptoms are not very different from those caused by usual aetiologies of small bowel obstruction. The commonest site of obstruction is terminal ileum. Treatment of small bowel obstruction due to Phytobezoar is surgery. Prevention includes avoidance of high fibre diet, prokinetics particularly in patients who have undergone gastric surgery. A 57-year-old male presented with symptoms and signs of small bowel obstruction. On exploratory laparotomy Phytobezoar in the ileum was found to be the cause of obstruction. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology.

Background: In India, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is not well highlighted and literature survey shows scanty works in this field. Most of the literature available in India is from the orthopaedic departments, overall incidence of DVT in general population is largely unknown. Materials and Methods: A 2 year prospective study to analyze the clinical profile and management of DVT of lower limb was conducted at Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal. Patients having limb pain, swelling with or without skin changes suspected of DVT were subjected to Doppler examination. Thirty-one patients with Positive test were admitted and treated with standard regimens of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH), oral warfarin, compressive stockings and supportive care. The risk factors, response to treatment, clinical course were documented using physical examination and relevant laboratory tests at regular intervals. The data was prospectively analyzed. Results: Majority of patients were less than 45 years old with no sex preponderance. No risk factors were identified in 45%, 26% had lower limb fractures, Seven percent were pregnancy related and cellulitis, electric burns, antecedent blunt Trauma, Systemic lupus erythematosis were observed in three percent of patients each. Ten percent of patients had history of immobilization due to medical illness. There was excellent response to LMWH in 93.54% of patients with two poorly responding patients requiring mechanical thrombectomy using Fogarty venous thrombectomy balloon catheter. No significant hemorrhagic complication or pulmonary embolism encountered clinically. No recurrent thrombosis or Malignancy noted during 6-16 months. Conclusion: Most of the DVTs are idiopathic and occur in less than 45 years age group. Irrespective of the etiology, LMWH and Warfarins are efficient, safety is well demonstrated, and domiciliary treatment is advisable with surveillance. Idiopathic DVTs require long term follow up to watch for recurrent thrombosis. Owing to small sample size the data cannot be extrapolated to general population to conclude the incidence. Further studies are necessary to stratify risks, and incidence in our Indian population.