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1. Inducing micromechanical motion by optical excitation of a single quantum dot

Author

Alexia Auffèves, Pierre Verlot, Pierre-Louis de Assis, Benjamin Besga, Benjamin Pigeau, Jean-Michel Gérard, Jan Kettler, Laure Mercier de Lépinay, Jean-Philippe Poizat, Nitika Vaish, Maxime Richard, Julien Claudon, Olivier Arcizet, Olivier Bourgeois, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Nano-Optique et Forces (NEEL - NOF), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Thermodynamique et biophysique des petits systèmes (NEEL - TPS), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), ANR-16-CE09-0010,QDOT,Transducteurs optomécaniques à base de boites quantiques(2016), ANR-16-CE30-0021,QFL,Fluides Quantiques de Lumière(2016), Nano-Optique et Forces (NOF), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, University of Campinas [Campinas] (UNICAMP), Thermodynamique et biophysique des petits systèmes (TPS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Orders of magnitude (temperature), Exciton, Biomedical Engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], law, Quantum state, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Quantum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Radiation pressure, Quantum dot, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], Optoelectronics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology, business, Excitation
Abstract

Hybrid quantum optomechanical systems offer an interface between a single two-level system and a macroscopical mechanical degree of freedom. In this work, we build a hybrid system made of a vibrating microwire coupled to a single semiconductor quantum dot (QD) via material strain. It was shown a few years ago, that the QD excitonic transition energy can thus be modulated by the microwire motion. We demonstrate here the reverse effect, whereby the wire is set in motion by the resonant drive of a single QD exciton with a laser modulated at the mechanical frequency. The resulting driving force is found to be almost 3 orders of magnitude larger than radiation pressure. From a fundamental aspect, this state dependent force offers a convenient strategy to map the QD quantum state onto a mechanical degree of freedom., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures

Published
2020

2. Tailoring the properties of quantum dot-micropillars by ultrafast optical injection of free charge carriers

Author

Jean-Michel Gérard, Sylvain Perret, Joël Bleuse, Patricia L. Souza, Julien Claudon, Tobias Sattler, Willem L. Vos, Guilherme M. Torelly, Emanuel Peinke, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC), MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, and ANR-18-CE24-0026,NOMOS,Meta-optique non linéaire(2018)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Streak camera, business.industry, Quantum dots, optical microcavity, switching, quantum dot, micropillar, Physics::Optics, QC350-467, Review Article, Optics. Light, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Coherence length, TA1501-1820, Nanocavities, Quantum dot, Picosecond, Optoelectronics, Spontaneous emission, Applied optics. Photonics, Photonics, business, Quantum, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract

We review recent studies of cavity switching induced by the optical injection of free carriers in micropillar cavities containing quantum dots. Using the quantum dots as a broadband internal light source and a streak camera as detector, we track the resonance frequencies for a large set of modes with picosecond time resolution. We report a record-fast switch-on time constant (1.5 ps) and observe major transient modifications of the modal structure of the micropillar on the 10 ps time scale: mode crossings are induced by a focused symmetric injection of free carriers, while a lifting of several mode degeneracies is observed when off-axis injection breaks the rotational symmetry of the micropillar. We show theoretically and experimentally that cavity switching can be used to tailor the dynamic properties of the coupled QD–cavity system. We report the generation of ultrashort spontaneous emission pulses (as short as 6 ps duration) by a collection of frequency-selected QDs in a switched pillar microcavity. These pulses display a very small coherence length, attractive for ultrafast speckle-free imaging. Moreover, the control of QD-mode coupling on the 10 ps time scale establishes cavity switching as an appealing resource for quantum photonics.

Published
2021

3. Nonlinear meta-lens with all dielectric metasurfaces

Author

Jean-Michel Gérard, Carlo Gigli, Giuseppe Marino, Alberto Artioli, Giuseppe Leo, Davide Rocco, Julien Claudon, and Costantino De Angelis

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Phase (waves), Physics::Optics, Second-harmonic generation, Dielectric, law.invention, Lens (optics), Nonlinear system, Thermal dissipation, law, Optoelectronics, Beam shaping, business, Plasmon
Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate phase encoding in SHG with transparent all-dielectric metasurfaces. While a similar task was previously achieved with plasmonic metasurfaces for THG beam shaping, here we obtain three-order-of-magnitude higher generation efficiency without thermal dissipation.

Published
2021

4. Strong Purcell Enhancement in a 'Nanopost' Single-Photon Source

Author

Niels Gregersen, Andreas Dyhl Osterkryger, Julien Claudon, Yujing Wang, and Jean-Michel Gérard

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Purcell effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Light scattering, 010309 optics, Optics, Interference (communication), Quantum dot, Single-photon source, 0103 physical sciences, Spontaneous emission, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

We report on a simple nanopost single-photon source geometry based on a quantum dot in a mesa placed on a metal mirror. A remarkably large Purcell enhancement of 9 for the smallest structure is obtained.

Published
2021

5. Probing microcavity switching events on the picosecond time scale using quantum dots as a broadband internal fluorescent source

Author

Jean-Michel Gérard, Julien Claudon, Guilherme M. Torelly, Emanuel Peinke, Joël Bleuse, P. L. Souza, Tobias Sattler, Arthur Gérard, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC), and ANR-18-CE24-0026,NOMOS,Meta-optique non linéaire(2018)

Subjects
lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Computer Networks and Communications, business.industry, Streak camera, Time constant, Optical microcavity, Ultrafast switching, Quantum dots, lcsh:TA1501-1820, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Quantum dot, Picosecond, Temporal resolution, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Quantum, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract

We report on ultrafast all-optical switching experiments performed on pillar microcavities containing a collection of quantum dots (QDs). Using QDs as a broadband internal light source and a detection setup based on a streak camera, we track in parallel the frequencies of a large set (>10) of resonant modes of an isolated micropillar during the entire duration of switching events and with a 2 ps temporal resolution. Being much faster and more convenient than standard approaches based on pump–probe spectroscopy, this method is very well suited forin-depth studies of cavity switching, noticeably in view of applications in the field of quantum photonics. We report as a first demonstrative example an investigation of the switch-on time constant tau_on dependence as a function of the pump power and the observation of a remarkably low value of tau-on(≈1.5 ps) for optimized pumping conditions. As a second illustration, we report the observation of a transient lifting of the degeneracy of a polarization-degenerate cavity mode, induced by a non-centrosymmetric injection of free carriers.

Published
2020

6. Full characterization and modeling of graded interfaces in a high lattice-mismatch axial nanowire heterostructure

Author

Moïra Hocevar, Petr Stepanov, Frank Glas, D. V. Beznasyuk, Jean-Luc Rouvière, Julien Claudon, Marcel A. Verheijen, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] (TU/e), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Eurofins Materials Science Netherlands, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), ANR-16-CE09-0010,QDOT,Transducteurs optomécaniques à base de boites quantiques(2016), Plasma & Materials Processing, Photonics and Semiconductor Nanophysics, and Atomic scale processing

Subjects
Electron mobility, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Nanowire, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Parameter space, 01 natural sciences, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Materials Science, business.industry, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Heterojunction, Radius, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Piezoelectricity, Characterization (materials science), [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Controlling the strain level in nanowire heterostructures is critical for obtaining coherent interfaces of high crystalline quality and for the setting of functional properties such as photon emission, carrier mobility or piezoelectricity. In a nanowire axial heterostructure featuring a sharp interface, strain is set by the materials lattice mismatch and the nanowire radius. Here, we show that introducing a graded interface in nanowire heterostructures offers an additional parameter to control strain. For a given interface length and lattice mismatch, we first derive theoretically the maximum nanowire radius below which coherent growth is possible. We validate these findings by growing and characterizing various In(Ga)As/GaAs nanowire heterostructures with graded interfaces. Furthermore, we perform a complete chemical and structural characterization of the interface by combining energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. In the case of coherent growth, we directly observe that the mismatch strain relaxes elastically on the side walls of the nanowire around the interface area, while the core of the nanowire remains partially strained. Moreover, our experimental data show good agreement with finite element calculations. This analysis confirms in particular that mechanical strain is largely reduced by interface grading. Overall, our work extends the parameter space for the design of nanowire heterostructures, thus opening new opportunities for nanowire optoelectronics., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures

Published
2020

7. Nanowire single-photon sources: mechanics matters (Conference Presentation)

Author

Saptarshi Kotal, Niels Gregersen, Pierre Verlot, Julien Claudon, Jean-Michel Gérard, and Alberto Artioli

Subjects
Physics, Quantum optics, Photon, business.industry, Quantum dot, Single-photon source, Nanowire, Physics::Optics, Optoelectronics, Light emission, Spontaneous emission, Photonics, business
Abstract

Tapered nanowire antennas have emerged as a versatile solid-state platform for quantum optics. These broadband photonic structures efficiently funnel the spontaneous emission of an embedded quantum dot into a directive free-space beam. They find application in the realization of bright sources of quantum light, and enable the implementation of giant optical non-linearities, at the single-photon level. In this work, we discuss advances aiming at further optimizing this light-matter interface. In particular, recent measurements revealed that the thermal excitation of a single nanowire vibration mode can have a sizeable influence on the quantum dot optical linewidth. This motivated a comprehensive theoretical analysis, which shows that the thermally-driven vibrations of the nanowire have a major impact on the quantum dot light emission spectrum. Even at liquid helium temperatures, these prevent the emission of indistinguishable photons. To overcome this intrinsic limitation, we propose several designs that restore photon indistinguishability thanks to a specific engineering of the mechanical properties of the nanowire. We anticipate that such a mechanical optimization will also play a key role in the development of other high-performance light-matter interfaces based on nanostructures.

Published
2020

8. Second harmonic generation and wavefront shaping in dielectric metasurfaces

Author

Giuseppe Leo, Giuseppe Marino, Costantino De Angelis, Jean-Michel Gérard, Davide Rocco, Julien Claudon, Carlo Gigli, and Alberto Artioli

Subjects
Wavefront, Physics, business.industry, Beam steering, Energy conversion efficiency, Holography, Physics::Optics, Second-harmonic generation, Dielectric, Diffraction efficiency, law.invention, Optics, law, business, Plasmon
Abstract

We demonstrate an AlGaAs metasurface that implements second harmonic generation with engineered phase-front. Nonlinear holography is obtained, with three-order-of-magnitude higher conversion efficiency than in χ(3) plasmonic metasurfaces.

Published
2020

9. A nanowire optical nanocavity for broadband enhancement of spontaneous emission

Author

Niels Gregersen, Saptarshi Kotal, Romain Fons, Jean-Michel Gérard, Matteo Finazzer, Y. Genuist, Andreas Dyhl Osterkryger, Joël Bleuse, Julien Claudon, Alberto Artioli, Yujing Wang, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), DTU Fotonik, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Epitaxie et couches minces (NEEL- EpiCM), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and ANR-19-CE47-0009,IPOD,Source efficace de photons intriqués et indiscernables à la demande(2019)

Subjects
Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Nanowire, Physics::Optics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Spontaneous emission, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010302 applied physics, Mode volume, business.industry, quantum dot, Resonance, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Numerical aperture, single photon source, Quantum technology, Optical nanocavity, Quantum dot, nanowire, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; To deliver an optimal performance for photonic quantum technologies, semiconductor quantum dots should be integrated in a carefully designed photonic structure. Here, we introduce a nanowire optical nanocavity designed for free-space emission. Thanks to its ultrasmall mode volume, this simple structure offers a large acceleration of spontaneous emission (predicted Purcell factor of 6.3) that is maintained over a 30-nm bandwidth. In addition, a dielectric screening effect strongly suppresses the emission into the 3D continuum of radiation modes. The fraction of spontaneous emission funneled into the cavity mode reaches 0.98 at resonance and exceeds 0.95 over a 100-nm spectral range. Close-to-optimal collection efficiency is maintained over an equivalent bandwidth and reaches a predicted value of 0.54 at resonance for a first lens with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.75. As a first experimental demonstration of this concept, we fabricate an Au–SiO2–GaAs device embedding isolated InAs quantum dots. We measure a maximal acceleration of spontaneous emission by a factor as large as 5.6 and a bright quantum dot emission (collection efficiency of 0.35 into NA¼0.75). This nanowire cavity constitutes a promising building block to realize advanced sources of quantum light for a broad range of material systems.

Published
2021

10. All-Optical Mapping of the Position of Quantum Dots Embedded in a Nanowire Antenna

Author

Eric Gautier, Julien Claudon, Jean-Michel Gérard, Joël Bleuse, Romain Fons, Niels Gregersen, Andreas Dyhl Osterkryger, Petr Stepanov, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), and ANR-16-CE09-0010,QDOT,Transducteurs optomécaniques à base de boites quantiques(2016)

Subjects
Quantum decoherence, Nanowire, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], law, Position (vector), 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Common emitter, Physics, Quantum optics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Quantum dot, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Antenna (radio), 0210 nano-technology, business, Waveguide
Abstract

Nanowire antennas embedding single quantum dots (QDs) have recently emerged as a versatile solid-state platform for quantum optics. Within the nanowire section, the emitter position simultaneously determines the strength of the light-matter interaction, as well as the coupling to potential decoherence channels. Therefore, to quantitatively understand device performance and guide future optimization, it is highly desirable to map the emitter position with an accuracy much smaller than the waveguide diameter, on the order of a few hundreds of nanometers. We introduce here a nondestructive, all-optical mapping technique that exploits the QD emission into two guided modes with different transverse profiles. These two modes are fed by the same emitter and thus interfere. The resulting intensity pattern, which is highly sensitive to the emitter position, is resolved in the far-field using Fourier microscopy. We demonstrate this technique on a standard microphotoluminescence setup and map the position of individual QDs in a nanowire antenna with a spatial resolution of ±10 nm. This work opens important perspectives for the future development of light-matter interfaces based on nanowire antennas. Beyond single-QD devices, it will also provide a valuable tool for the investigation of collective effects that imply several emitters coupled to an optical waveguide.

Published
2018

11. Static strain tuning of quantum dots embedded in a photonic wire

Author

Nitika Vaish, J.-Ph. Poizat, Fabrice Donatini, D. Tumanov, Julien Claudon, Yoann Curé, Jean-Michel Gérard, H.A. Nguyen, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Optique et microscopies (POM), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), Optique & Microscopies (NEEL - POM), and ANR-16-CE09-0010,QDOT,Transducteurs optomécaniques à base de boites quantiques(2016)

Subjects
Waveguide (electromagnetism), Materials science, Photon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Band gap, Exciton, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Gallium arsenide, chemistry.chemical_compound, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Condensed Matter::Other, Superradiance, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, chemistry, Quantum dot, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; We use strain to statically tune the semiconductor band gap of individual InAs quantum dots (QDs) embedded in a GaAs photonic wire featuring very efficient single photon collection efficiency. Thanks to the geometry of the structure, we are able to shift the QD excitonic transition by more than 20 meV by using nano-manipulators to apply the stress. Moreover, owing to the strong transverse strain gradient generated in the structure, we can relatively tune two QDs located in the wire waveguide and bring them in resonance, opening the way to the observation of collective effects such as superradiance.

Published
2018

12. X-ray imaging of single semi-conductor nanostructures for photonics and electronics

Author

Julien Claudon, Vincent Favre-Nicolin, Ondrej Mandula, Jean-Michel Gérard, Steven J. Leake, Marta Elzo-Aizarna, Joël Eymery, Francois Andrieu, Remy Berthelon, Gaétan Girard, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Nanostructures et Rayonnement Synchrotron (NRS ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
Nanostructure, Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Structural Biology, General Materials Science, Electronics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, X-ray, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Semiconductor, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

13. Electric-Field Sensing with a Scanning Fiber-Coupled Quantum Dot

Author

Richard J. Warburton, Julien Claudon, Davide Cadeddu, Martino Poggio, Mathieu Munsch, Jean-Michel Gérard, Nicola Rossi, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Basel], University of Basel (Unibas), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Materials science, Measure (physics), General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Surface charge, Sensitivity (control systems), [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, Nanoscopic scale, Quantum tunnelling, optical scanning probe, Mesoscopic physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, quantum dot, Physics - Applied Physics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Quantum dot, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, electric field sensing
Abstract

We demonstrate the application of a fiber-coupled quantum-dot-in-a-tip as a probe for scanning electric field microscopy. We map the out-of-plane component of the electric field induced by a pair of electrodes by measurement of the quantum-confined Stark effect induced on a quantum dot spectral line. Our results are in agreement with finite element simulations of the experiment. Furthermore, we present results from analytic calculations and simulations which are relevant to any electric field sensor embedded in a dielectric tip. In particular, we highlight the impact of the tip geometry on both the resolution and sensitivity., 10 pages, 4 figures

Published
2017

14. Optical localization of quantum dots in tapered nanowires

Author

Joël Bleuse, Tomasz Jakubczyk, Jean-Michel Gérard, Romain Fons, Niels Gregersen, Andreas Dyhl Osterkryger, Petr Stepanov, Julien Claudon, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), DTU Fotonik, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), and Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU)

Subjects
Materials science, Quantum point contact, Nanowire, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Gallium arsenide, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Electro-absorption modulator, Position measurement, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, Quantum computer, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Quantum dots, Nanowires, Quantum wire, Quantum computing, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Photonics, Quantum dot laser, Quantum dot, Needles, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; In this work we have measured the far-field emission patterns of In As quantum dots embedded in a GaAs tapered nanowire and used an open-geometry Fourier modal method for determining the radial position of the quantum dots by computing the far-field emission pattern for different quantum dot locations.

Published
2017

15. Ultra-low power optical transistor using a single quantum dot embedded in a photonic wire

Author

Emmanuel Dupuy, P. L. de Assis, D. Tumanov, Jean-Michel Gérard, Alexia Auffèves, H.A. Nguyen, Niels Gregersen, F. Fratini, I. Yeo, Thomas Grange, Jean-Philippe Poizat, Julien Claudon, N. S. Malik, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), DTU Fotonik, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), and Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU)

Subjects
Atom optics, Photon, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Optical computing, Physics::Optics, Photodetection, 02 engineering and technology, Transistors, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, 03 medical and health sciences, Optics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], law, Optical reflection, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, Quantum, 030304 developmental biology, Physics, 0303 health sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Silicon photonics, Condensed Matter::Other, Quantum dots, business.industry, Transistor, Optical coupling, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Optical microcavity, Optical waveguides, Photonics, Quantum dot, Optical transistor, Logic gate, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

International audience; Summary form only given. Optical logic down to the single photon level holds the promise of data processing with a better energy efficiency than electronic devices [1]. In addition, preservation of quantum coherence in such logical components would enable optical quantum logical gates [2-8]. Optical logic requires optical non-linearities to allow for photon-photon interactions. Non-linearities usually appear for large intensities, but discrete transitions in a well coupled single two-level system allow for giant non-linearities operating at the single photon level.This is achieved by engineering what has been coined a "one-dimensional atom" [2], wherein a light emitter is predominantly coupled to a single propagating spatial mode. This favored coupling with a traveling mode is obtained either in a resonant optical cavity [3,4] or with non-resonant field confinement such as in single mode waveguides [5,6] or through the interaction with a focused optical beam [7,8] . Here we take advantage of the large coupling efficiency and the broadband operation of a photonic wire containing a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) [9] to implement a transistor using two different optical QD transitions. Our system is made of a single InAs QD embedded in a GaAs tapered photonic wire (fig. 1a). This system, in which the QD is efficiently coupled to a single guided mode, has been exploited to realize ultrabright single-photon sources [9]. We exploit here its broad operation bandwidth (>100 nm around 950 nm) to efficiently address two different transitions of the QD with two different laser beams to implement a two-color giant non-linearity: a weak probe laser has its reflectivity controlled by a few photons of the control laser.

Published
2017

16. Giant non-linear interaction between two optical beams via a quantum dot embeddedin a photonic wire

Author

B. Reznychenko, D. Tumanov, Julien Claudon, I. Yeo, F. Fratini, E. Dupuy, Jean-Michel Gérard, Niels Gregersen, P. L. de Assis, Thomas Grange, N. S. Malik, Alexia Auffèves, J.-Ph. Poizat, H.A. Nguyen, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), University of Campinas [Campinas] (UNICAMP), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), CAPES Young Talents 88887.059630/2014-00Région Rhone AlpesDanish Research Council, DFF-4005-00370Vietnamese governement, ANR-11-BS10-0011,WIFO,Composant d'optique quantique avancée basé sur un fil photonique(2011), ANR-16-CE09-0010,QDOT,Transducteurs optomécaniques à base de boites quantiques(2016), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), and Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

Subjects
Photon, Integrable system, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Quantum gate, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Quantum Physics, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Nonlinear system, Quantum dot, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], Logic gate, Optoelectronics, Photonics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology, business, Optics (physics.optics), Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other), Physics - Optics
Abstract

Optical nonlinearities usually appear for large intensities, but discrete transitions allow for giant nonlinearities operating at the single-photon level. This has been demonstrated in the last decade for a single optical mode with cold atomic gases, or single two-level systems coupled to light via a tailored photonic environment. Here, we demonstrate a two-mode giant nonlinearity with a single semiconductor quantum dot (QD) embedded in a photonic wire antenna. We exploit two detuned optical transitions associated with the exciton-biexciton QD level scheme. Owing to the broadband waveguide antenna, the two transitions are efficiently interfaced with two free-space laser beams. The reflection of one laser beam is then controlled by the other beam, with a threshold power as low as 10 photons per exciton lifetime (1.6 nW). Such a two-color nonlinearity opens appealing perspectives for the ealization of ultralow-power logical gates and optical quantum gates, and could also be implemented in an integrated photonic circuit based on planar waveguides.

Published
2017

17. Dislocation-free axial InAs-on-GaAs nanowires on silicon

Author

Eric Robin, Moïra Hocevar, Julien Claudon, Martien Den Hertog, Daria V. Beznasyuk, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux par Microscopie Avancée (LEMMA ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), and Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, Nanowire, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Crystal structure, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Spectroscopy, Wurtzite crystal structure, 010302 applied physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Heterojunction, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Transmission electron microscopy, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Molecular beam epitaxy
Abstract

International audience; We report on the growth of axial InAs-on-GaAs nanowire heterostructures on silicon by molecular beam epitaxy using 20 nm diameter Au catalysts. First, the growth parameters of the GaAs nanowire segment were optimized to achieve a pure wurtzite crystal structure. Then, we developed a two-step growth procedure to enhance the yield of vertical InAs-on-GaAs nanowires. We achieved 90% of straight InAs-on-GaAs nanowires by further optimizing the growth parameters. We investigated the composition change at the interface by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and the nanowire crystal structure by transmission electron microscopy. The nominal composition of the InAs segment is found to be InxGa1-xAs with x=0.85 and corresponds to 6% of lattice mismatch with GaAs. Strain mapping performed by the geometrical phase analysis of high-resolution images revealed a dislocation-free GaAs/In0.85Ga0.15As interface. In conclusion, we successfully fabricated highly mismatched heterostructures, confirming the prediction that axial GaAs/In0.85Ga0.15As interfaces are pseudomorphic in nanowires below 40 nm diameter.

Published
2017

18. Strain-Gradient Position Mapping of Semiconductor Quantum Dots

Author

Arnaud Gloppe, O. Arcizet, Eva Dupont-Ferrier, Julien Claudon, E. Dupuy, J.-Ph. Poizat, Alexia Auffèves, P. L. de Assis, D. Tumanov, Jean-Michel Gérard, I. Yeo, H.A. Nguyen, N. S. Malik, Maxime Richard, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Nano-Optique et Forces (NOF ), University of New Orleans, CAPES young talent 88887.059630/2014-00, Doctoral scholarship from Région Rhone-Alpes, ANR-11-BS10-0011,WIFO,Composant d'optique quantique avancée basé sur un fil photonique(2011), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), and Nano-Optique et Forces (NEEL - NOF)

Subjects
General Physics and Astronomy, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Stress (mechanics), Optics, strain, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Quantum, Physics, business.industry, Plane (geometry), Quantum dot, Diamond, imaging, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Quantum technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], engineering, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Waveguide
Abstract

International audience; In the context of fast developing quantum technologies, locating single quantum objects embedded in solid or fluid environment while keeping their properties unchanged is a crucial requirement as well as a challenge. Such ``quantum microscopes'' have been demonstrated already for NV-centers embedded in diamond [1], and for single atoms within an ultracold gas [2]. In this work, we demonstrate a new method to determine non-destructively the position of randomly distributed semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) deeply embedded in a solid photonic waveguide. By setting the wire in an oscillating motion, we generate large stress gradients across the QDs plane. We then exploit the fact that the QDs emission frequency is highly sensitive to the local material stress [3-5] to infer their positions with an accuracy ranging from +/- 35 nm down to +/-1 nm for close-to-axis QDs.

Published
2017

19. Resonant driving of a single photon emitter embedded in a mechanical oscillator

Author

Martino Poggio, Andreas V. Kuhlmann, Jean-Michel Gérard, Richard J. Warburton, Davide Cadeddu, Mathieu Munsch, Julien Claudon, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Basel], University of Basel (Unibas), and ANR-16-CE09-0010,QDOT,Transducteurs optomécaniques à base de boites quantiques(2016)

Subjects
Photon, Science, Dephasing, Nanowire, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, brownian motion, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Resonator, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Quantum system, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Quantum information, photonic antenna, 010306 general physics, Physics, Quantum Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Multidisciplinary, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, quantum dot, dephasing, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, optomechanics, Quantum dot, nanowire, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Coupling a microscopic mechanical resonator to a nanoscale quantum system enables control of the mechanical resonator via the quantum system and vice-versa. The coupling is usually achieved through functionalization of the mechanical resonator, but this results in additional mass and dissipation channels. An alternative is an intrinsic coupling based on strain. Here we employ a monolithic semiconductor system: the nanoscale quantum system is a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) located inside a nanowire. We demonstrate the resonant optical driving of the QD transition in such a structure. The noise spectrum of the resonance fluorescence signal, recorded in the single-photon counting regime, reveals a coupling to mechanical modes of different types. We measure a sensitivity to displacement of 65 fm/\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\sqrt {{\rm{Hz}}} $$\end{document}Hz limited by charge noise in the device. Finally, we use thermal excitation of the different modes to determine the location of the QD within the trumpet, and calculate the contribution of the Brownian motion to the dephasing of the emitter., Resonant driving of a nanoscale quantum system coupled to a microscopic mechanical resonator may have uses in precision sensing and quantum information. The authors realize this by tailoring the geometry of a semiconductor nanowire embedding a quantum dot, detecting sub-picometre displacements.

Published
2017

20. Determination of radial quantum dot position in trumpet nanowires from far field measurements

Author

Jean-Michel Gérard, Tomasz Jakubczyk, Julien Claudon, Niels Gregersen, Andreas Dyhl Osterkryger, Petr Stepanov, Romain Fons, Joël Bleuse, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), and Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

Subjects
Nanowire, Physics::Optics, Near and far field, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Quantum computer, Physics, Lateral quantum dot, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Condensed matter physics, business.industry, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Quantum dot, Quantum dot laser, Excited state, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Photonics, business
Abstract

A quantum dot embedded in a trumpet nanowire has been shown to be a good candidate for realising an efficient on-demand single-photon source [1, 2]. At the lateral quantum dot position the diameter of the nanowire only supports two guided modes — the HE11 and TE01 modes. These modes are excited by the quantum dot after recombination of an electron-hole pair. The slow expansion of the nanowire diameter secures an adiabatic propagation of the modes through the taper meaning that the occupation of the HE11 and TE01 modes will remain the same at the top of the trumpet nanowire (see Fig. 1 right). It is for now not possible to control the radial position of the quantum dot in the nanowires and thus it is important to experimentally determine this after fabrication.

Published
2017

21. Photonic 'hourglass' design for efficient quantum light emission

Author

Andreas Dyhl Osterkryger, Niels Gregersen, Julien Claudon, Jean-Michel Gérard, DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANR-16-CE09-0010-01CEA DRF Impulsion (SOUPAPE)., ANR-16-CE09-0010,QDOT,Transducteurs optomécaniques à base de boites quantiques(2016), and Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

Subjects
Nanowire, photonic nanowire, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Optics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Spontaneous emission, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Quantum, Purcell effect, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), quantum dot, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, single photon source, Quantum dot, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Light emission, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; We propose a novel “hourglass”-shaped design for highly efficient generation and collection of quantum light. The design features a quantum dot in a photonic nanowire sandwiched between tapered Bragg reflectors. For a Purcell factor of 9, the design features a spontaneous emission coupling of0.993 to the cavity mode enabled by the strong dielectric screening of radiation modes. Thanks to a highly reflecting bottom mirror, we furthermore demonstrate a collection efficiency of 0.95 to a Gaussian profile. Finally, this photonic structure features a broad operation bandwidth, as large as 11 nm.

Published
2019

22. Microring Diode Laser for THz Generation

Author

Peter Uhd Jepsen, Giuseppe Leo, Martin Kamp, Yanko Todorov, Ivan Favero, Julien Claudon, Alessio Andronico, Sara Ducci, Jean-Michel Gérard, Mathieu Munsch, Carlo Sirtori, Tianwu Wang, and Silvia Mariani

Subjects
Coupling, Radiation, Materials science, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Nonlinear optics, Laser, Gallium arsenide, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, chemistry, Quantum dot laser, law, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Whispering-gallery wave, business, Diode
Abstract

We report on the modeling and optical characterization of AlGaAs/InAs quantum-dot microring diode lasers designed for terahertz (THz) difference frequency generation (DFG) between two whispering gallery modes (WGMs) around 1.3 μm. In order to investigate the spectral features of this active device in the two frequency ranges, we performed different measurements on ad hoc passive samples. For the study in the telecom range, we used transmission measurements on microcylinders with integrated coupling waveguides. For the analysis in the THz range, we used reflectivity spectra on 2D arrays of identical double-metal microcylinders. The good agreement that we demonstrate between experimental results and design parameters is crucial towards the achievement of active phase-matched THz emitters.

Published
2013

23. Harvesting, coupling and control of single exciton coherences in photonic waveguide antenna

Author

Adrien Delga, V. Delmonte, Q. Mermillod, Jacek Kasprzak, Jean-Michel Gérard, Emanuel Peinke, Tomasz Jakubczyk, Julien Claudon, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and European Project: 306387,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111012,PICSEN(2012)

Subjects
Exciton, Dephasing, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Optics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, education, Physics, education.field_of_study, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Quantum dot, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

We perform coherent non-linear spectroscopy of individual excitons strongly confined in single InAs quantum dots (QDs). The retrieval of their intrinsically weak four-wave mixing (FWM) response is enabled by a one-dimensional dielectric waveguide antenna. Compared to a similar QD embedded in bulk media, the FWM detection sensitivity is enhanced by up to four orders of magnitude, over a broad operation bandwidth. Three-beam FWM is employed to investigate coherence and population dynamics within individual QD transitions. We retrieve their homogenous dephasing in a presence of spectral wandering. Two-dimensional FWM reveals off-resonant F\"orster coupling between a pair of distinct QDs embedded in the antenna. We also detect a higher order QD non-linearity (six-wave mixing) and use it to coherently control the FWM transient. Waveguide antennas enable to conceive multi-color coherent manipulation schemes of individual emitters., Comment: 7 pages, 8 Figures

Published
2016

24. A fiber-coupled quantum-dot on a photonic tip

Author

Jean-Michel Gérard, Davide Cadeddu, Niels Gregersen, Richard J. Warburton, Julien Claudon, Jean Teissier, F. R. Braakman, Martino Poggio, Mathieu Munsch, Petr Stepanov, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Basel], University of Basel (Unibas), DTU Fotonik, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU)

Subjects
Photon, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Optics, Fiber pigtails, 02 engineering and technology, Fiber coupled, Of quantum-information, 01 natural sciences, Scanning probe microscopy, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Semiconductor quantum dots, Quantum information, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Quantum optics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Photon collection, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Experimental realizations, Photonic wires, Nanocrystals, Fibers, Optical waveguides, Semiconductor, Quantum dot, Quantum dot laser, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Fiber optic chemical sensors
Abstract

We present the experimental realization of a quantum fiber-pigtail. The device consists of a semiconductor quantum-dot embedded into a conical photonic wire that is directly connected to the core of a fiber-pigtail. We demonstrate a photon collection efficiency at the output of the fiber of 5.8% and suggest realistic improvements for the implementation of a useful device in the context of quantum information. We also discuss potential applications in scanning probe microscopy. The approach is generic and transferable to other materials including diamond and silicon.

Published
2016
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25. Large and Uniform Optical Emission Shifts in Quantum Dots Strained along Their Growth Axis

Author

Marta Elzo-Aizarna, Julien Claudon, Eric Gautier, N. S. Malik, Jean-Michel Gérard, Yoann Curé, Petr Stepanov, Vincent Favre-Nicolin, Joël Bleuse, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Nanostructures et Rayonnement Synchrotron (NRS ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), ANR-11-JS10-0004,XDISPE,Imagerie par diffraction des rayons X de nano-objets uniques pour la photonique et l'électronique(2011), ANR-11-BS10-0011,WIFO,Composant d'optique quantique avancée basé sur un fil photonique(2011), and European Project: 601126,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2011-9,HANAS(2013)

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Materials science, Physics::Optics, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Stress (mechanics), Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Core-Shell Nanowire, 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion (optics), General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Quantum optics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Hybrid Opto-Mechanics, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Isotropy, Quantum dot, General Chemistry, equipment and supplies, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Quantum Optics, Core (optical fiber), Semiconductor, Elastic Tuning, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Entangled Photons
Abstract

International audience; We introduce a calibration method to quantify the impact of external mechanical stress on the emission wavelength of distinct quantum dots (QDs). Specifically, these emitters are integrated in a cross-section of a semiconductor core wire and experience a longitudinal strain that is induced by an amorphous capping shell. Detailed numerical simulations show that, thanks to the shell mechanical isotropy, the strain in the core is uniform, which enables a direct comparison of the QD responses. Moreover, the core strain is determined in situ by an optical measurement, yielding reliable values for the QD emission tuning slope. This calibration technique is applied to self-assembled InAs QDs submitted to incremental elongation along their growth axis. In contrast to recent studies conducted on similar QDs submitted to a uniaxial stress perpendicular to the growth direction, optical spectroscopy reveals up to ten times larger tuning slopes, with a moderate dispersion. These results highlight the importance of the stress direction to optimize the QD optical shift, with general implications, both in static and dynamic regimes. As such, they are in particular relevant for the development of wavelength-tunable single-photon sources or hybrid QD opto-mechanical systems.

Published
2016

26. Weak coupling effects in high‐Q electrically driven micropillars

Author

R. Debusmann, Laurent Grenouillet, C. Kistner, Sven Höfling, Julien Claudon, Jean-Michel Gérard, Alfred Forchel, C. Böckler, and Stephan Reitzenstein

Subjects
Coupling, business.industry, Aperture, Chemistry, Exciton, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, Physics::Optics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrical contacts, Quantum dot, Optoelectronics, Spontaneous emission, business, Quantum
Abstract

We present cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) effects in electrically driven high quality (high-Q) quantum dot-micropillar cavities. An optimized current injection scheme is employed, which enables simultaneously efficient electrical pumping and efficient out-coupling of light: A ring-shaped electrical contact leaving the upper facet of the pillars free from any absorbing material is used for efficient current injection and additionally serves as an aperture. This approach helps to suppress the detection of spontaneous emission from QDs through the sidewalls of the micropillars and leads to very clean electroluminescence spectra. Temperature tuning of single quantum dots (QDs) excitons allows us to observe Purcell-enhancement of the spontaneous emission for QDs interaction with the fundamental mode as well as higher order modes. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Published
2009

27. High-Q whispering gallery modes in pillar microcavities

Author

Martin Kamp, Yoanna-Reine Nowicki-Bringuier, Stephan Reitzenstein, Alfred Forchel, Julien Claudon, C. Böckler, and Jean-Michel Gérard

Subjects
Physics, Condensed Matter::Other, business.industry, Pillar, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Optics, Quantum dot, Optoelectronics, Whispering-gallery wave, business, Free spectral range, Index method
Abstract

We report the observation of high- Q whispering gallery modes ( Q > 10 000) in GaAs/AlAs pillar microcavities containing InAs quantum dots as an internal probe. A simple model based on the effective index method describes precisely the evolution of the free spectral range with the pillar diameter.

Published
2007

28. A novel high-efficiency single-mode single photon source

Author

Philippe Lalanne, R. Hahner, Jean-Michel Gérard, Yoanna-Reine Nowicki-Bringuier, Julien Claudon, and Guillaume Lecamp

Subjects
Physics, Photon, business.industry, Single-mode optical fiber, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Diamond, Purcell effect, engineering.material, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Optics, Single-photon source, engineering, Optoelectronics, Cylinder, Spontaneous emission, Photonics, business
Abstract

We present a novel single-mode single photon source exploiting the emission of a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) located inside a photonic wire. We first show theoretically that for optimized designs, more than 95% of the QD spontaneous emission (SE) can be injected into the fundamental guided mode of the photonic wire. A single photon collection efficiency of 17% is measured in a preliminary experiment performed on a single InAs QD located within a 250 nm diameter cylinder of GaAs. Because this photon collection strategy does not exploit the Purcell effect, it could also be efficiently applied to broadband single photon emitters such as F-centers in diamond.

Published
2007

29. Optimal all-optical switching of a microcavity resonance in the telecom range using the electronic Kerr effect

Author

Jean-Michel Gérard, Georgios Ctistis, Julien Claudon, Willem L. Vos, Emre Yüce, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Complex Photonic Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, and GERARD, Jean-Michel

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Photon, Kerr effect, Materials science, [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Band gap, [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Laser linewidth, Quality (physics), [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [PHYS.QPHY] Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Pulse duration, Resonance, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Picosecond, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology, Telecommunications, business, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract

We have switched GaAs/AlAs and AlGaAs/AlAs planar microcavities that operate in the “Original” (O) telecom band by exploiting the instantaneous electronic Kerr effect. We observe that the resonance frequency reversibly shifts within one picosecond when the nanostructure is pumped with low-energy photons. We investigate experimentally and theoretically the role of several parameters: the material backbone and its electronic bandgap, the quality factor, and the duration of the switch pulse. The magnitude of the frequency shift is reduced when the backbone of the central λ-layer has a greater electronic bandgap compared to the cavity resonance frequency and the frequency of the pump. This observation is caused by the fact that pumping with photon energies near the bandgap resonantly enhances the switched magnitude. We thus find that cavities operating in the telecom O-band are more amenable to ultrafast Kerr switching than those operating at lower frequencies, such as the C-band. Our results indicate that the large bandgap of AlGaAs/AlAs cavity allows to tune both the pump and the probe to the telecom range to perform Kerr switching without detrimental two-photon absorption. We observe that the magnitude of the resonance frequency shift decreases with increasing quality factor of the cavity. Our model shows that the magnitude of the resonance frequency shift depends on the pump pulse duration and is maximized when the duration matches the cavity storage time to within a factor two. In our experiments, we obtain a maximum shift of the cavity resonance relative to the cavity linewidth of 20%. We project that the shift of the cavity resonance can be increased twofold with a pump pulse duration that better matches the cavity storage time. We provide the essential parameter settings for different materials so that the frequency shift of the cavity resonance can be maximized using the electronic Kerr effect.

Published
2015

30. Temporal shaping of single-photon pulses

Author

Emanuel Peinke, Julien Claudon, Gaston Hornecker, Jean-Michel Gérard, Alexia Auffèves, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)

Subjects
Quantum optics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Photon, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Quantum imaging, Pulse shaping, Optics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Spontaneous parametric down-conversion, Single-photon source, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Spontaneous emission, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, business, Quantum computer
Abstract

SPIE optics + optoelectronics. Prague, Czech Republic, 13-16 April 2015; International audience; The ability to control the temporal shape of single-photon pulses is highly desirable in quantum information processing. For instance, it has been shown that Gaussian pulses are best suited for linear optics quantum computing1. By mimicking the time-reversal of a spontaneous emission event, it also allows to optimize the absorption of the prepared photons by a quantum emitter. In this work we investigate the potential of using fast modifications of the detuning between an atomic system and a cavity mode during photon emission to reach this goal. We compare two approaches consisting of varying the emitter or cavity frequency. The latter, achievable by a fast modification of the refractive index of a solid state cavity, will be shown to have negligible influence on the photon spectrum. It allows to create Gaussian pulses interacting with a fidelity to the target photons of 99%, as well as time-reversed photons absorbed by an atom in a cavity with a probability of 93%.

Published
2015

31. Very Efficient Single-Photon Sources Based on Quantum Dots in Photonic Wires

Author

Niels Gregersen, Julien Claudon, Jean-Michel Gérard, M. Munsch, Joël Bleuse, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), DTU Fotonik, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), and Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU)

Subjects
Physics, Atom optics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Quantum dots, Quantum wire, Spontaneous emission, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, Physics::Optics, Photodetection, Wires, 3. Good health, Mirrors, Spontaneous parametric down-conversion, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Quantum dot, Quantum dot laser, Single-photon source, Couplings, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Photonics, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; We review the recent development of high efficiency single photon sources based on a single quantum dot in a photonic wire. Unlike cavity-based devices, very pure single photon emission and efficiencies exceeding 0.7 photon per pulse are jointly demonstrated under non-resonant pumping conditions. By placing a tip-shaped or trumpet-like tapering at the output end of the wire, a highly directional Gaussian far-field emission pattern is obtained. More generally, a photonic wire containing a quantum dot appears as an attractive template to explore and exploit in a solid-state system the unique optical properties of "one-dimensional atoms".

Published
2014

32. Erratum: Dielectric GaAs Antenna Ensuring an Efficient Broadband Coupling between an InAs Quantum Dot and a Gaussian Optical Beam [Phys. Rev. Lett.110, 177402 (2013)]

Author

Julien Claudon, Niels Gregersen, Adrien Delga, N. S. Malik, Jean-Michel Gérard, Jesper Mørk, Emmanuel Dupuy, Joël Bleuse, and Mathieu Munsch

Subjects
Coupling, Physics, business.industry, Gaussian, Superlattice, Optical beam, General Physics and Astronomy, Dielectric, symbols.namesake, Quantum dot, Broadband, symbols, Optoelectronics, Antenna (radio), business
Published
2013

33. The photonic nanowire: an emerging platform for highly efficient single-photon sources for quantum information applications

Author

Adrien Delga, N. S. Malik, Joël Bleuse, Jesper Mørk, Emmanuel Dupuy, Mathieu Munsch, Julien Claudon, Jean-Michel Gérard, Niels Gregersen, DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), INL - Hétéroepitaxie et Nanostructures (INL - H&N), Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Photonics Engineering [Lyngby], Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Photon, Nanowire, Physics::Optics, Efficiency, 01 natural sciences, Gaussian beam, 010309 optics, Spin-photon interface, Optics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Quantum information, 010306 general physics, Physics, Coupling, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Single-photon source, Photonic nanowire, Inverted conical taper, Quantum dot, Photonic trumpet, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Photonics, business
Abstract

International audience; Efficient coupling between a localized quantum emitter and a well defined optical channel represents a powerful route to realize single-photon sources and spin-photon interfaces. The tailored fiber-like photonic nanowire embedding a single quantum dot has recently demonstrated an appealing potential. However, the device requires a delicate, sharp needle-like taper with performance sensitive to minute geometrical details. To overcome this limitation we demonstrate the photonic trumpet, exploiting an opposite tapering strategy. The trumpet features a strongly Gaussian far-field emission. A first implementation of this strategy has lead to an ultra-bright single-photon source with a first-lens external efficiency of 0.75 ± 0.1 and a predicted coupling to a Gaussian beam of 0.61 ± 0.08.

Published
2013

34. All-optical switching of a microcavity repeated at terahertz clock rates

Author

Allard Mosk, Emmanuel Dupuy, Georgios Ctistis, Julien Claudon, Bob de Ronde, Willem L. Vos, Jean-Michel Gérard, Emre Yüce, Robin D. Buijs, Complex Photonic Systems, and Interfaces and Correlated Electron Systems

Subjects
Physics, Kerr effect, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Cross-phase modulation, Resonance, Physics::Optics, Optical switch, Gallium arsenide, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Planar, chemistry, Optoelectronics, business, Refractive index
Abstract

Semiconductor microcavities have proven to be essential to strongly confine light [1], thereby enhancing the interaction between light and matter to the point of manipulating quantum states of matter. To achieve dynamic control of these processes, one must approach their characteristic time scales in the picosecond range, corresponding to THz modulation rates [2,3]. While all-optical switching is essential as it allows sub-picosecond reversible control of the refractive index [4,5], the popular optical free carrier excitation mechanisms are too slow to repeatedly switch at THz rates.

Published
2013

35. Photonic wires and trumpets for ultrabright single photon sources

Author

N. S. Malik, Niels Gregersen, Joël Bleuse, Julien Claudon, M. Munsch, Jesper Mørk, and Jean-Michel Gérard

Subjects
Physics, Quantum optics, Photon, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Tapering, Optics, Quantum dot, Single-photon source, Optoelectronics, Spontaneous emission, Photonics, business, Gaussian beam
Abstract

Photonic wires have recently demonstrated very attractive assets in the field of high-efficiency single photon sources. After presenting the basics of spontaneous emission control in photonic wires, we compare the two possible tapering strategies that can be applied to their output end so as to tailor their radiation diagram in the far-field. We highlight the novel “photonic trumpet” geometry, which provides a clean Gaussian beam, and is much less sensitive to fabrication imperfections than the more common needle-like taper geometry. S4Ps based on a single QD in a PW with integrated bottom mirror and tapered tip display jointly a record-high efficiency (0.75±0.1 photon per pulse) and excellent single photon purity. Beyond single photon sources, photonic wires and trumpets appear as a very attractive resource for solid-state quantum optics experiments.

Published
2013

36. A photonic nanowire trumpet for interfacing a quantum dot and a Gaussian free-space mode

Author

Mathieu Munsch, Jean-Michel Gérard, Julien Claudon, Niels Gregersen, Joël Bleuse, N. S. Malik, Jesper Mørk, Emmanuel Dupuy, and Adrien Delga

Subjects
Coupling, Physics, Photon, business.industry, Gaussian, Nanowire, Physics::Optics, symbols.namesake, Optics, Quantum dot, Single-photon source, symbols, Optoelectronics, Photonics, business, Gaussian beam
Abstract

Efficient coupling between a localized quantum emitter and a well defined optical channel represents a powerful route to realize single-photon sources and spin-photon interfaces. The tailored fiber-like photonic nanowire embedding a single quantum dot has recently demonstrated an appealing potential. However, the device requires a delicate, sharp needle-like taper with performance sensitive to minute geometrical details. To overcome this limitation we demonstrate the photonic trumpet, exploiting an opposite tapering strategy. The trumpet features a strongly Gaussian far-field emission. A first implementation of this strategy has lead to an ultra-bright single-photon source with a first-lens external efficiency of 0.75 ± 0.1 and a predicted coupling to a Gaussian beam of 0.61 ± 0.08.

Published
2013

37. Harnessing light with photonic nanowires: fundamentals and applications to quantum optics

Author

Jean-Michel Gérard, Niels Gregersen, Philippe Lalanne, Julien Claudon, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), lp2n-03,lp2n-13, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Quantum optics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Nanowire, Physics::Optics, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Purcell effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Quantum dot, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Spontaneous emission, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Photonics, Antenna (radio), 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The efficient feeding of spontaneous emission (SE) into a controlled optical mode lies at the heart of a new generation of advanced optoelectronic devices, such as low-threshold microlasers and bright sources of quantum light. In the solid state, single-mode emission was first demonstrated by using the Purcell effect that arises in a resonant microcavity. Recently, the need to relax the constraints inherent to such a narrow-band approach has motivated large effort to develop structures ensuring broadband and efficient SE control. This minireview deals with fiber-like photonic nanowires, a class of high-index waveguides that features key assets in this context. Combining theoretical predictions and experimental results, the paper details the SE dynamics in such tiny wires. In addition, it shows how the far-field emission of a single wire can be tailored through proper engineering of the two wire ends. As an application in the field of quantum optics, we review the realization of an ultrabright single-photon source. This first device was based on a self-assembled quantum dot embedded in a wire antenna realized with a top-down fabrication process. Considering recent advances in the direct growth of tapered photonic wires, we also propose a bottom-up fabrication route to realize a complete device. In particular, this proposal ensures the optimal 3D positioning of a single emitter inside the antenna. Finally, future research and application prospects are also reviewed.

Published
2013

38. Quantum-dot micropillars for parametric THz emission

Author

Martin Kamp, Peter Uhd Jepsen, Silvia Mariani, Ivan Favero, Giuseppe Leo, Sara Ducci, Alessio Andronico, Carlo Sirtori, Tianwu Wang, Jean-Michel Gérard, Yanko Todorov, and Julien Claudon

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Wavelength, Optics, Semiconductor, Quantum dot, law, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Whispering-gallery wave, 0210 nano-technology, business, Lasing threshold, Ground plane
Abstract

We report on the design, fabrication and optical investigation of AlGaAs microcavities for THz Difference Frequency Generation (DFG) between Whispering Gallery Modes (WGMs), where the pump and DFG wavelengths (λ ≈ 1.3 μm and λ ≈ 75-150 μm, respectively) lie on opposite sides of the Restrahlen band. For the pump modes, we demonstrate CW lasing of quantum-dot layers under electrical injection at room temperature. We control the number of lasing WGMs via vertical notches on the pillars sidewalls, providing a selection mechanism for funneling the power only to the modes contributing to DFG. In parallel with the optimization of the pump lasers and in order to validate design and material parameters before the DFG experiments, we have performed linear measurements on two sets of passive samples. For the telecom range, the micropillars have been integrated with waveguides for distributed coupling and characterized via transmission measurements. In the THz range we have measured reflectivity spectra on 2D arrays of identical cylinders. In both cases, we demonstrate a good agreement between experimental results and simulations. On a more speculative note, we numerically show that etching a hole along the pillar axis can facilitate phase matching, while single-lobe farfield pattern can be obtained for the THz mode by micro-structuring the metallic ground plane around the microcavity. Finally, we suggest a real-time fine-tuning mechanism for the forthcoming active devices.

Published
2013
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39. A broadband tapered nanocavity for efficient nonclassical light emission

Author

Niels Gregersen, Julien Claudon, Dara P. S. McCutcheon, Jesper Mørk, Jean-Michel Gérard, DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Department of Photonics Engineering [Lyngby], Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

Subjects
Photon, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Purcell effect, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Optics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Spontaneous emission, Nonclassical light, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Mode volume, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Distributed Bragg reflector, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Gaussian beam
Abstract

We present the design of a tapered nanocavity, obtained by sandwiching a photonic wire section between a planar gold reflector and a few-period Bragg mirror integrated into the tapered wire. Thanks to its ultrasmall mode volume (0.71 λ3/n3), this hybrid nanocavity largely enhances the spontaneous emission rate of an embedded quantum dot (Purcell factor: 6), while offering a wide operation bandwidth (full-width half-maximum: 20 nm). In addition, the top tapered section shapes the cavity far-field emission into a very directive output beam, with a Gaussian spatial profile. For realistic taper dimensions, a total outcoupling efficiency to a Gaussian beam of 0.8 is predicted. Envisioned applications include bright sources of non-classical states of light, such as widely tunable sources of indistinguishable single photons and polarization-entangled photon pairs.

Published
2016

40. X-ray imaging of single nano-structures: from focused beams to coherent imaging and ptychography

Author

Julien Claudon, Joël Eymery, Marta Elzo Aizarna, Gerardina Carbone, Francois Andrieu, Jean-Michel Gérard, Francesca Mastropietro, Vincent Favre-Nicolin, and Ondrej Mandula

Subjects
Focused beams, Nanostructure, Materials science, business.industry, X-ray, Coherent imaging, Condensed Matter Physics, Biochemistry, Coherent diffraction imaging, Ptychography, Inorganic Chemistry, Optics, Semiconductor, Structural Biology, Nano, General Materials Science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, business
Published
2016

41. Dielectric GaAs antenna ensuring an efficient broadband coupling between an InAs quantum dot and a Gaussian optical beam

Author

Jesper Mørk, Jean-Michel Gérard, Emmanuel Dupuy, Mathieu Munsch, Adrien Delga, Julien Claudon, Joël Bleuse, N. S. Malik, and Niels Gregersen

Subjects
Physics, Quantum optics, business.industry, Superlattice, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Coupling (probability), Optics, Quantum dot, Optoelectronics, Spontaneous emission, Photonics, business, Realization (systems), Gaussian beam
Abstract

We introduce the photonic trumpet, a dielectric structure which ensures a nearly perfect coupling between an embedded quantum light source and a Gaussian free-space beam. A photonic trumpet exploits both the broadband spontaneous emission control provided by a single-mode photonic wire and the expansion of this mode within a conical taper. Numerical simulations highlight the performance and robustness of this concept. As a first application in the field of quantum optics, we report the realization of an ultrabright single-photon source. The device, a high aspect ratio GaAs photonic trumpet containing a few InAs quantum dots, demonstrates a first-lens external efficiency of $0.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$ and an external coupling efficiency to a Gaussian beam as high as $0.58\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08$.

Published
2012

42. Recent advances for high-efficiency sources of single photons based on photonic nanowires

Author

M. Munsch, Joël Bleuse, Julien Claudon, Jean-Michel Gérard, and Niels Gregersen

Subjects
Photon, Materials science, Photoluminescence, business.industry, Nanowire, Nanophotonics, Physics::Optics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Optics, Quantum dot, Single-photon source, Optoelectronics, Spontaneous emission, Photonics, business
Abstract

Photonic nanowires have recently been used to tailor the spontaneous emission of embedded quantum dots, and to develop record efficiency single-photon sources. We will present recent developments in this field mainly 1) the observation of a strong inhibition of the spontaneous emission of quantum dots in ultrathin photonic wires 2) the control of the linear polarization of the single photons by photonic wires with an elliptical section, 3) the joint observation (unlike-cavity-based devices) of a record high efficiency and pure single photon emission process in a photonic wire single photon source, 4) progress toward high-efficiency electrical-driven sources.

Published
2012

43. Linearly polarized, single-mode spontaneous emission in a photonic nanowire

Author

Joël Bleuse, N. S. Malik, Yuntian Chen, Niels Gregersen, Jean-Michel Gérard, Jesper Mørk, Emmanuel Dupuy, Julien Claudon, and Mathieu Munsch

Subjects
Physics, Photon, Linear polarization, business.industry, Quantum dots, Superlattice, Single-mode optical fiber, Nanowire, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Optics, Laser, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Electro-absorption modulator, Optoelectronics, Spontaneous emission, Photonics, business
Abstract

We introduce dielectric elliptical photonic nanowires to funnel efficiently the spontaneous emission of an embedded emitter into a single optical mode. Inside a wire with a moderate lateral aspect ratio, the electromagnetic environment is largely dominated by a single guided mode, with a linear polarization oriented along the ellipse major axis. The resulting monomode spontaneous emission is maintained over a broad wavelength range, a key asset of this 1D photonic structure. Our theoretical analysis is completed by an experimental study of GaAs elliptical photonic wires with embedded InAs quantum dots. In particular, the fraction of collected photons with the desired linear polarization can exceed 95%.

Published
2011

44. Quantum-dot based nonlinear source of THz radiation

Author

Julien Claudon, Giuseppe Leo, M. Munsch, A. Andronico, Jean-Michel Gérard, Ivan Favero, and Sara Ducci

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Terahertz radiation, Physics::Optics, Nonlinear optics, Laser, law.invention, Gallium arsenide, Wavelength, Nonlinear system, chemistry.chemical_compound, Quality (physics), Optics, chemistry, law, Quantum dot, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

We discuss the generation of THz radiation at room temperature by the exploitation of a nonlinear optical process taking place in a high quality factor AlGaAs microcavity. The approach is grounded on 1) a novel quasi-phase-matching scheme for parametric processes involving whispering-gallery modes circulating in nonlinear microcylinders; and 2) recent advances concerning quantum dots microcylindrical lasers. After a brief summary of the theory used to describe the nonlinear process, we present the results of our modeling in the case of a passive device pumped by two lasers at wavelengths close to 1.3 μm. Finally, we conclude with preliminary measurements performed with a tapered fiber.

Published
2011

45. A high-efficiency photonic nanowire single-photon source featuring an inverted conical taper

Author

Niels Gregersen, Torben Roland Nielsen, Jean-Michel Gérard, Julien Claudon, and Jesper Mørk

Subjects
Materials science, Fabrication, business.industry, Nanophotonics, Nanowire, Physics::Optics, Tapering, Single-photon source, Conical surface, Photonic nanowire, Optics, Inverted conical tapering, Optoelectronics, Spontaneous emission, Electrical pumping, Photonics, business
Abstract

A photonic nanowire single-photon source design incorporating an inverted conical tapering is proposed. The inverted taper allows for easy electrical contacting and a high photon extraction efficiency of 89 %. Unlike cavity-based approaches, the photonic nanowire features broadband spontaneous emission control and an improved tolerance towards fabrication imperfections.

Published
2011

46. Competition between electronic Kerr and free carrier effects in an ultimate fast switched semiconductor microcavity

Author

Jean-Michel Gérard, M. Bazin, Willem L. Vos, Emre Yüce, Georgios Ctistis, and Julien Claudon

Subjects
Optical pumping, Materials science, Semiconductor, Photon, Kerr effect, business.industry, Photonic integrated circuit, Physics::Optics, Optoelectronics, business, Optical switch, Ultrashort pulse, Photonic crystal
Abstract

The emergence of photonic integrated circuits [1] promises a transition from conventional electronic switches to optical switches. Light serving them as the information carrier has to be manipulated on ultrafast timescales for retaining high data rates. Photonic crystals or microcavities are therefore key ingredients for the on-chip all optical data communication since they allow the capture and release of photons on demand [2].

Published
2011

47. Design for an electrically-pumped photonic nanowire single-photon source with an efficiency of 89 %

Author

Jesper Mørk, Julien Claudon, Jean-Michel Gérard, Torben Roland Nielsen, and Niels Gregersen

Subjects
Materials science, Photon, business.industry, Nanowire, Physics::Optics, Quantum channel, Purcell effect, Optical microcavity, law.invention, Optics, law, Single-photon source, Optoelectronics, Photonics, business, Quantum information science
Abstract

The development of high-efficiency solid-state single-photon sources (SPSs) is a major challenge within the fields of quantum communication and optical quantum information processing [1]. For these applications an efficiency of 100 % is desired, the efficiency being defined as the probability of detecting a photon at the collection optics per trigger. Traditional SPS devices feature a quantum dot (QD) embedded in an optical microcavity, where the Purcell effect is employed to ensure a good coupling of the QD to the optical mode of interest. However a large sensitivity to scattering by fabrication imperfections limits the efficiency of these cavity-based designs to ∼ 40 %. As an alternative, a SPS design based on a photonic nanowire was proposed [2]. This design features no cavity and instead an electromagnetic screening effect is used to ensure efficient coupling to the fundamental mode. The emitted photons escape immediately and are thus much less subject to the influence of imperfections than cavity-based approaches. An optically pumped nanowire SPS with a measured efficiency of 72 % was recently demonstrated [3] validating the nanowire SPS design approach. However, for practical applications electrical pumping is desired. Metals strongly scatter and absorb light and the implementation of metal contacts while maintaining a high efficiency is not trivial.

Published
2011

48. Electrically pumped photonic nanowire single-photon source with an efficiency of 89%

Author

Torben Roland Nielsen, Jesper Mørk, Niels Gregersen, Julien Claudon, and Jean-Michel Gérard

Subjects
Coupling, Materials science, business.industry, Quantum dot, Single-photon source, Nanowire, Physics::Optics, Optoelectronics, Near and far field, Spontaneous emission, Tapering, Photonics, business
Abstract

We propose a new electrically-pumped single-photon source design based on a quantum dot in a photonic nanowire. For realistic parameters, the design features an efficiency of 89 % predicted by numerical simulations. Unlike cavity-based designs, our approach allows for broadband spontaneous emission control and has high tolerance towards surface roughness. In the nanowire, a geometrical effect ensures good coupling between the quantum dot and the optical mode, and an inverted tapering section is introduced to adiabatically expand the mode waist and control the far field emission profile while minimizing the relative modal overlap with the metal contacts.

Published
2011

49. Ultimate fast optical switching of a planar microcavity in the telecom wavelength range

Author

M. Bazin, Willem L. Vos, Emre Yüce, Alex Hartsuiker, Georgios Ctistis, Julien Claudon, Jean-Michel Gérard, Complex Photonic Systems, and Faculty of Science and Technology

Subjects
Materials science, Kerr effect, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), METIS-281048, business.industry, IR-80650, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, Resonance, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, Optical switch, Laser linewidth, Planar, Modulation, Telecommunications, business, Ultrashort pulse, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract

We have studied a GaAs-AlAs planar microcavity with a resonance near 1300 nm in the telecom range by ultrafast pump-probe reflectivity. By the judicious choice of pump frequency, we observe a ultimate fast and reversible decrease of the resonance frequency by more than half a linewidth due to the instantaneous electronic Kerr effect. The switch-on and switch-off? of the cavity is only limited by the cavity storage time of ?tcav = 0.3ps and not by intrinsic material parameters. Our results pave the way to supra-THz switching rates for on-chip data modulation and real-time cavity quantum electrodynamics., 3 pages, 3 figures

Published
2011

50. Q-factor dependent Kerr switching of semiconductor microcavities

Author

Jean-Michel Gérard, M. Bazin, Georgios Ctistis, Willem L. Vos, Julien Claudon, Emre Yüce, Faculty of Science and Technology, and Complex Photonic Systems

Subjects
Physics, Kerr effect, business.industry, IR-80651, Resonance, Physics::Optics, Optical switch, Gallium arsenide, chemistry.chemical_compound, Semiconductor, Optics, chemistry, Q factor, Optoelectronics, Photonics, business, Refractive index
Abstract

The need for low-cost, high-speed, and low power consumption photonic devices for communication applications has stimulated a significant amount of research in integrated photonics [1]. The light, which is confined by recirculation in a very small volume, can be manipulated in order to achieve high-speed data communication [2].

Published
2011

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