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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. As current therapies toward CRC, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, pose limitations, such as multidrug resistance (MDR) as well as the intrinsic and potential cytotoxic effects, necessitating to find more effective treatment options with fewer side effects, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has an advantage in complementary therapies. In the present study, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiozol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT assays), trypan blue staining, colony formation, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining, cell cycle determination, and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining were used to examine the efficacy of Sanjie Yiliu Formula (SJYLF) against CRC proliferation and to investigate its underlying molecular mechanisms through protein expression of various proapoptotic factors by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and Western blotting. This four-herb-TCM SJYLF can be suggested as one of the decoctions clinically effective in late-stage cancer treatment. Our results suggest that SJYLF robustly decreased the viability of only CRC cell lines (HCT-8, SW-480, HT-29, and DLD-1) and not the normal human kidney cells (HK-2). Moreover, SJYLF significantly suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in HCT-8 and downregulated cyclin D1, CDK4, and BCL-2, while Bax expression was upregulated at both mRNA and protein expression levels.

In this research article, we have designed a novel image encryption scheme based on Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and chaotic sequencing. We have studied sequences of different genes consisting of four bases, Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T) and Guanine (G), also known as nucleotides which are the fundamental code of life. The purpose of DNA is to store, copy and transmit the genetic information of the living organism. The proposed image encryption scheme uses the chaotic system to generate random sequences and to choose between two or more options. The image is totally transformed by first encoding it into DNA nucleotides, shuffling to achieve diffusion and then substitution is performed to achieve confusion. Then later the DNA fusion operation is performed on the DNA image and the DNA complements are applied on the resulting DNA image, a random number of times to break the residual correlation between the pixels. The cipher image has been tested to fulfill all the standard benchmarks to be categorized as a good ciphered image which includes entropy, correlation coefficient, Pearson’s chi square, peak signal to noise ratio, mean square error, mean absolute error, structure similarity indexed measures, differential analysis and histogram uniformity test.

Modern ciphers utilized both confusion and diffusion components. Confusion component is fundamentally responsible to make the relation among cipher and key as much as strong in a qualitatively. The substitution is utilized to ensure the confusion in any block cipher. The confusion component is one of the most vital nonlinear part whereas diffusion is done through permutation which is linear component in any modern block ciphers schemes. Our aim in this article is to suggest a novel confusion component scheme based on quantum harmonic oscillator relation. We have authenticated our anticipated construction technique through standard cryptographic benchmarks and compared with already available results. Our proposed construction scheme for nonlinear component of block cipher is quite competent and can be utilized in different one confusion component-based block ciphers techniques.

Continuous inhalation of coal dust among coal workers leads to a variety of disorders. The present study aims to evaluate the potential oxidative stress associated with coal dust generated from coal mining activities among exposed workers through the antioxidant enzyme system, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). In this study cohort, intensive coal mine workers were assessed for antioxidant variations. Blood samples were collected from dust-exposed workers (engaged in different activities at coal mines; n = 311) and residents of the same city (nonexposed, control group; n = 50). The workers' exposure to coal dust was categorized based on working area (administrative group, surface workers, underground workers), working hours (up to 8 h and more than 8 h), and time of service. The results showed significantly altered activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH among the whole exposed group and its categories compared to the control group. A significant difference was also observed between high- and low-exposure groups. Statistical analysis revealed a negative correlation between antioxidant activity (catalase and SOD) and coal dust levels. Besides, coal exposure was associated with the time of service, smoking status, and dietary habits. The findings of this study reveal higher oxidative stress among highly exposed coal mine workers (underground workers > surface workers > administrative group > nonexposed group), and longer working hours have more pronounced adverse effects on workers' health.

The world is evolving due to fast transmission of digital information in the forms of different digital contents over numerous online web applications. The transmission of information over social media is at its peak. The advanced means of different digital applications make our lives quite easy but it added more sensitivity to our digital information which can accessed through internet. In the advanced digital era, the protection of digital information and intellectual properties of any organizations is one of the vital problems in technologically advanced ages. To protect the illegal access and duplication of any digital information over insecure communication is fall in the copyright protection techniques. The digital watermarking which is one of the fundamental classes of information hiding techniques that can be used to protect the ownership of any digital contents. Generally, the digital contents cannot be altered in information hiding schemes but secret information is embedded in information carriers. The perception of this article is to design a new digital watermarking scheme which uses multi-layer of information security algorithms. We have utilized chaotic logistic map in order to generate a nonlinear component of block cipher and then applied the suggested substitution box (S-box) in order to encrypt a quick response code (QR-code). Moreover, our innovative suggested watermarking scheme uses Daubechies wavelet transform which is an efficient multi-determination frequency domain for the insertion of encrypted digital logo in the form of QR-codes. We have used different strength analysis which clearly authenticates the validity of our anticipated watermarking scheme.

To explore the correlates directly associated with body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness among undergraduate female physiotherapists.The cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2020 at Ali-Ul-Murtaza Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Muhammad Institute of Medical and Allied Sciences, Multan, Pakistan, and comprised undergraduate female physiotherapists aged17-25 years. The subjects were assessed on the basis of Physical Activity Readiness Questioner, body mass index and standard criteria of cardiorespiratory fitness. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.Of the 334 subjects with a mean age of 20.89±1.66 years, 200(59.88) were overweight and 34(10.17) were underweight. Overall 83(24.9) reported good quality of life, 194(58.1) were satisfied with their general health, and 228(68.3) presented with a history of cardiometabolic disorder. There was a highly significant positive correlation in overweight and negative correlation in underweight subjects (p≤0.05).The frequency of overweight female physical therapy students was high.

In this article, we have deigned a new mechanism for the construction of confusion component which is one of the most important and integral part of any confidential scheme in secure communication. The privacy of digital information is one of the most vital issues of the digitally advanced world. The proposed nonlinear component which is usually termed as substitution box (S-box) is constructed by utilizing quantum map. Moreover, we have performed the robust analysis for our anticipated nonlinear component and compared it with already existing standards.

In today’s era, a fascinating discipline is immensely influencing a wide miscellany in different fields of science and technology known as quantum cryptography. The amalgamation of different unconventional themes of information security and fast computing have appended inventiveness and creativity into the performance of quantum systems which exhibits astonishing outcomes surprisingly for the most complicated nonlinear models. The exploitation of chaos theory at quantum scale is a dynamical new approach towards the system of information security. Regarding this a novel image encryption approach based on modern standards of chaos, fast computing and quantum encryption has been proposed in this article. In the designed scheme, Walsh transformation is exploited to get standard image compression as to reduce data being processed resulting in fast computing. Quantum spinning and rotation operators leading new protocols, compressed data is encrypted using quantum spinning and rotation operators. For adding more confusion capability in contemplated algorithm discrete fractional chaotic Lorenz system is also accomplished. The proposed system has been validated through statistical analysis, the assessments accordingly by statistical analysis tests clearly emphasis that proposed scheme of encryption is comparatively equitable for the digital images security.

Nowadays Employees Work Outcomes is the primary concern of academia of higher education. Hence, to understand this perspective the current study has examined the impact of emotional instability on employees work outcomes (Workaholism, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Burnout). This study also examined the moderating role of compulsory citizenship behavior and transactional and transformational leadership styles. Sample of the study was faculty members of public and private universities. The sample of 400 teachers were selected from public and private universities of different cities of Pakistan. Emotional Instability Scale by John and Srivastave, Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale by Smith et al, burnout scale by Ayala Malach Pines and Workaholism Battery by Spence and Robbins were used to measure the study variables. Smart PLS (Partial Least Square) was used for hypothesis testing. Finding of the study showed that there was negative and significant relationship between emotional instability, workaholism and organizational citizenship behavior whereas, there was positive and significant relationship between emotional instability and burnout. Further results demonstrated that transactional and transformational leadership play moderating role in relation to emotional instability and workaholism. Nevertheless, this study will provide insight to develop policies to lowers the level of burnout, and will also help administrators to implement such leadership style that decrease emotional instability and raise performance.

Secure data transmission over the public channels have high impact and increasingly important due to theft and manipulation in contents. The requirement of public/ private organizations to develop an efficient scheme to provide security to their contents. We developed a digital contents encryption scheme based Arnold scrambling and Lucas series, which is very simple to implement but almost impossible to breach in this article. We perform encryption at standard images by using Lucas series at different iterations of scrambled images of Arnold transform. Numerical simulation analyses performed to analyze the efficiency and effectiveness of the projected structure.

Today workaholism is foremost key challenge face by academia of higher education. Therefore, to understand the perspective of workaholism this study examines the impact of emotional instability on employees work outcomes (Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Burnout) through mediating role of workaholism in public and private universities of Multan. The aim of the study was to recruit at least 400 teachers. Among sample, five hundred structured questionnaires containing six dimension were distributed, out of which four hundred were used for analysis. Smart PLS (Partial Least Square) was used for hypothesis testing. Finding of the study shows that there was negative and significant relationship between emotional instability, workaholism and organizational citizenship behavior whereas, there was positive and significant relationship between emotional instability and burnout. However, this study will provide support to policy makers to develop such work schedules that will lower the level of burnout in university teachers. This study was conducted only for the university academia in the different city of Punjab for more generalizability for this study can be conducted in whole Pakistan and also for the teachers of secondary schools.

Education is the basic right of every child. However, there are many barriers to education for children with special needs. These special needs are due to their physical or physiological make up and are the reason they often feel desolated, mostly due to the lack of educational facilities required to fulfill those needs that should be available for all. This conceptual paper attempts to outline the term ‘inclusive education’ in terms of the democratic principles established by the international community. The paper also attempts to discuss Pakistan’s progress in adopting inclusive education by analyzing the current institutional framework of the education sector and infrastructure constraints in mainstream schools. Various case studies about educational centers in Pakistan’s urban hubs have been analyzed also to learn more about the impediments in this regard. Moreover, data has been collected from 25 districts of Punjab to learn about the current status of public schools and to know whether or not they have been transformed into inclusive schools. Findings show that building design is a major barrier among other challenges. Building layout of an inclusive school has been presented as a model for making existing schools more inclusive for students with various disabilities, so that benefits of inclusion are drawn not only by the disabled but also by mainstream students.

Hesperidin and naringenin are heteropolycyclic, aromatic bioflavonoids with a wide range of therapeutic and physiological effects. Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside, while naringenin exists as an aglycon. Both compounds are widely present in citrus fruits, grapefruits, tomatoes, and some other plants. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities are found to be the most important properties of these compounds and complement their protective effects against a plethora of diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, neurodegeneration, diabetes, renal diseases, and skin damage. This chapter discusses the properties and therapeutic mechanisms/targets of hesperidin and naringenin in the treatment of various diseases. We have also discussed the metabolism and bioavailability of these flavanones in human and animal models. Besides, recent developments regarding the modulation and regulation of disease markers, clinical studies, and trial data assembled encourage future studies to develop improved clinical formulations for hesperidin and naringenin with better efficacy, bioavailability, delivery methods, and therapeutic potentials.

OBJECTIVES: 1: To investigate the relationship among dispositional optimism, psychological resilience, coping strategies and quality of life (QoL) among burn survivors, 2: To find out the impact of dispositional optimism and coping on QoL among burn survivors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Burn Unit of Pakistan Institute of Medical sciences (PIMS) Islamabad, Pakistan. Two hundred and thirty post-burn survivors, ranging in age from 18 to 64 years were selected using purposive sampling technique. Dispositional optimism scale, psychological resilience scale, QoL scale and coping strategies scales were used to measure variables. RESULTS: Out of 230 patients 123 (53.5%) were males and 107 (46.5%) were females. About 54.3% (n=125) were married. Majority (n=126; 54.8%) had flame burn. Duration of burns was up to two months in 70.9% (n=163) cases. Results revealed highly significant positive correlations between psychological resilience and dispositional optimism (r=0.807), problem-focused coping (r=0.724) and supportive coping (r=0.598) but significantly negative correlation with emotion focused coping (r= -0.559) while emotion focused coping is negatively correlated with mental QoL (r=-0.378) and supportive coping (r=-0.138). Multiple regression analysis revealed that dispositional optimism, problem-focused and supportive coping have significant impact upon the QoL (p

The security of digital information is one of the most unavoidable issue in current digital world. The existing world facing number of digital information breaches due to weak utilization of confidentiality preserving techniques. In this article, we have designed a new mechanism for the security of secret digital information for instance digital images. The proposed image encryption scheme is based on quantum harmonic oscillator and Schrodinger paradox. Moreover, suggested technique is further authenticated by utilizing security performance analysis and compared the obtained results with existing benchmarks schemes.

Self-efficacy is the person’s complete belief on his or her abilities that he or she succeeds in a specific situation. Different activities covered by Personal growth which develop aptitudes, improve identity and boost our quality of life. The present study was intended to explore the impact of self-efficacy on personal growth among distance learners. It was deeply focused on new emerging trend of distance learning in Pakistan. Data was collected through simple random sampling from participants (males and females) aged 20-32. For the purpose of data collection two scales were used in this research i.e., Personal Growth Initiative Scale (PGIS -II; Robitschek, Ashton, Spering, Geiger, Byers, Schotts, & Thoen, 2012) and Self Efficacy scale (Schwarzer &Jerusalem,2000). Analysis of the data revealed that there is a significant impact of self-efficacy on personal growth. No gender differences were found on personal growth Initiative and self-efficacy. The findings conclude that the present study will be fruitful in uplifting the society’s emerging trend of distance learning and to provide quality education to the door step of every member of the society.

The meanings of passing information from one side to other side by a conventional way is been changed because of internet and communication technology. The issues of the security and the uprightness of information increase due to fast developments in digital world. Presently digital communication has become an important part of transmission of information securely. There are various internet applications which are utilized to convey covertly. As an outcome, the security of data against unapproved access has turned into a prime target. This leads to parts of advancement of different systems for information hiding. Cryptography and watermarking are famous techniques for hiding information accessible to conceal information safely. Our main goal here is to develop an innovative algebraic structures for the construction of nonlinear components of block cipher namely substitution boxes (S-boxes); and also use these components in image encryption and watermarking applications. Different types of S-boxes were introduced in literature based on Galois field and chaos theory in order to add confusion in any cryptosystems. The present construction is entirely based on Galois ring which enrich the existing algebraic structures of S-box theory.

Numerous encryption plans are legitimately founded on the transformation of frameworks or by characterizing the strict guidelines. Most of the security systems are based on mathematical structures and their applications in diverse applied sciences. We propose here an advanced digital contents confidentiality scheme to simulate the phenomenon rather than creating rigid rules. We operate digital data trailed by quantum spin states for specific phase and finite state machine for limited number of rounds. The extent of the presented article revolves around the development and deployment of public key cryptosystem basis on the concepts of quantum spin states and finite state machine effectively. Both states (spin and finite state machine) provide the high degree of naturalness contrasted with ordinary cryptosystem.

Information security is an important and critical subject of the current digital era. Nowadays, almost all information is digital in nature and security from hackers and eavesdroppers has become vital in civil (big giant corporations) as well as in defense organizations. One type of information in bit streams is in the form of digital images. In this article, an idea to combine Brownian motion with ternary unique orientation has been implemented which is related to random motion over time and spatial coordinates. Moreover, chaotic dynamical map has been used to add one more security level to the proposed encryption scheme. The proposed scheme is evaluated on different statistical tests and these results are compared with already existing benchmarks. The results show that the proposed algorithm has better security performances as compared to existing image enciphering schemes.

In numerous encryption frameworks, the first information is changed into encoded form by applying nonlinear substitutions and affecting diffusion. The goal of the nonlinear change is to accomplish high level of randomness in the image content. The choice of the source of randomness is critical because the success in cryptanalysis is demarked by the characteristics identified in the encrypted data. The chaotic frameworks show random conduct that is suitable for encryption applications where nonlinear transformations are needed in the middle of plaintext and the scrambled information. The application of nonlinear functional chaos-based system with embedded chaotic systems and binary chaotic sequences can prompt randomness and diffusion in the information. In addition to the high state of randomness, the requirement for various round keys is needed in a run of the mill substitution---permutation process. The proposed strategy kills the requirement for different round keys, which is suitable for high-speed communication frameworks. The measurable analyses performed on the proposed nonlinear algorithm which show improvement in encryption quality and safety against numerous brute-force and statistical attacks. Also, the proposed framework demonstrates high safety against differential and linear cryptanalysis.

As of late, data security is key in different enclosures like web correspondence, media frameworks, therapeutic imaging, telemedicine and military correspondence. In any case, a large portion of them confronted with a few issues, for example, the absence of heartiness and security. In this letter, in the wake of exploring the fundamental purposes of the chaotic trigonometric maps and the coupled map lattices, we have presented the algorithm of chaos-based image encryption based on coupled map lattices. The proposed mechanism diminishes intermittent impact of the ergodic dynamical systems in the chaos-based image encryption. To assess the security of the encoded image of this scheme, the association of two nearby pixels and composition peculiarities were performed. This algorithm tries to minimize the problems arises in image encryption.

Environmental changes as well as a worsening environmental quality, strongly affect women lives. A woman goes through a wide range of changes throughout her lifetime, from fetal development through her post-menopause years, which involves a direct relationship between body metallic ion concentration and development and function. When this relationship is balanced, it helps to create conditions for good health. However, when this relationship is out of balance, it can lead to a range of health problems that can be painful and devastating. With exposure, women and girls are at greater risk for developing reproductive health problems including early puberty, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and breast cancer. These health problems can be devastating to woman’s fertility, overall health and quality of life. In this scenario, the present investigation study was carried out to analyze the concentration of different metallic elements in female body by using scalp hairs. Hairs being noninvasive material are good indicator of metallic element in human body. Three categories of females viz. unmarried, pregnant and menopause were selected. Concentration of iron, copper and zinc were found lower among pregnant ones as compared to unmarried and menopausal females. Moreover, concentration of iron, zinc and copper were significantly higher among unmarried females. Key words: Pregnant, unmarried, menopause, hairs.

In two experiments, pictorial cues were compared with their verbal labels to assess their effectiveness in eliciting involuntary autobiographical memories. Cues were relatively complex in Experiment 1 (e.g., relaxing on a beach) and simple objects in Experiment 2 (e.g., a ball). In both experiments, participants went through a vigilance task in which they were presented with frequent nontarget and rare target visual stimuli. Pictures or their corresponding verbal labels were also displayed on both target and nontarget stimuli, but participants were told that these were irrelevant to the task. They were asked to interrupt the vigilance task whenever they became aware of task-unrelated mental contents and to report them. In both experiments, more involuntary memories were elicited in the verbal cue condition, rather than in the pictorial cue condition. This result is discussed in relation to previous work that highlighted the greater effectiveness of verbal cues in memory tasks.

Objectives: To compare the feeding practices and underweight prevalence of hearth children with those of non hearth children. Method: A comparative cross sectional study was carried out from 1st April to 30th June 2009. The study population comprised mothers with children aged 6-24 months and of the same socioeconomic and cultural ties from two areas of Quetta District, Pakistan. The “Multi Level Random Sampling Technique” was used. Hearth mothers comprised those who attended hearth sessions (2006-2008) in the hearth area. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Epi-Info version 3.3.2 and SPSS version 17.0 for windows. Results: The total study population was 200 mothers and the response rate was 95%. There was a statistically significant difference between the hearth and non hearth areas regarding age groups (P Conclusion: Feeding practices are significantly better and underweight prevalence significantly less in hearth mothers compared to non hearth mothers. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health, 2011; 40 : 57-62 (Key words: Positive hearth deviance; feeding practices; lady health workers; knowledge) doi: 10.4038/sljch.v40i2.3093