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The purpose of this study was to search for the methods that can contribute to be done the systematic the health education curriculum in the educational field by analyzing the core competencies, the change of characteristics and goal, the change of organization of contents, and academic achievement level of health education in the health education curriculum that was published in revised education curriculum in 2015. For this reason, this study focused on the ways how the health education curriculum can be performed effectively in the field based on the needs of next education curriculum by comparing the education curriculum, which were analyzed the materials of the health education and health education curriculum after Received (February 22, 2016), Review Result (March 8, 2016) Accepted (March 15, 2016), Published (April 30, 2016) 702-701Dept. Education, Kyungpook National Univ., 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, Korea email: barbara017@hanmail.net (Corresponding Author),702-701Dept. Education, Kyungpook National Univ., 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, Korea. email: hskang84@knu.ac.kr Analysis of the direction and features of Health Education curriculum under the 2015 revised curriculum Copyright c 2016 HSST 330 the first applied the health education curriculum at education curriculum from 2009, with the revised content and direction of curriculum appearing in the revised education curriculum in 2015. As the result of research, it were suggested that six core competencies of health education, personal competency, and the characteristics and goals of health education emphasized the balance of social responsibility, and also suggested the restructuring of the content domain by presenting health contents domain and the 11 key concepts, and proposed the education achievement standard in accordance with decrease of education achievement standard and the content elements at the revised health education curriculum. For the revised education curriculum in 2015 is carried out in a systemic ways, It is presented that it is necessary to notice the elementary school health curriculum including total number of lesson hours, to secure the health education class time in middle and high school for not selecting health education in their classes, to be more health education books, and to increase health education teachers at large schools as a policy.

This paper presents a 300 W GaN power amplifier operating in the LTE band 7 (2.62∼2.69 GHz). From the loadpull simulation, optimum impedances of the GaN HEMT at the fundamental frequency and the second harmonic frequency are extracted for a maximum output power. The matching circuits that give the nearly optimum second harmonic impedances are implemented on a titanate substrate with a high dielectric constant and are integrated with a bare GaN transistor in a ceramic package. The fabricated power amplifier shows a saturated output power of 258∼324 W and a drain efficiency of 67∼73 % under the pulsed condition of 1 msec period and 10 % duty cycle. It also has an output power of 80∼85 W and a drain efficiency of 42∼49 % at ACLR of 30 dBc with the LTE input signal.

Key Words: Cold Rolling(냉간압연), Cluster Mill(다단압연기), Roll Slip(롤슬립), Slip Ratio(슬립률),Roll Slip State Observer(롤슬립상태관측기)초록: 이논문은냉간압연공정의다단압연기에서각롤간의슬립현상에대한상태공간모델을도출하고, 이를이용하여롤간슬립상태관측기설계에관한연구를수행한다. 먼저뉴튼의운동법칙을이용하여각롤들의회전운동방정식을1계비선형미분방정식으로기술한후, 테일러급수를이용하여임의의동작점에서상태공간방정식으로선형화한다. 다음에는선형화된상태공간방정식에기초하여Gopinath 구성법으로측정가능한구동롤을제외한종동롤의회전각속도를추정하는최소차원상태관측기를설계한다. 마지막으로컴퓨터시뮬레이션을통하여상태관측기로부터추정된각롤회전각속도와슬립률의유용성을고찰한다.Abstract: This study focuses on the state space model and the design of a state observer for the slip dynamicsbetween rolls in STS cold cluster mills. First, a mathematical model of the roll slip is given as a nonlineardifferential equation. Then, by using a Taylor series expansion, it is linearized as a state space model. Next, byusing Gopinath’s algorithm, a minimal-order state observer based on the state space model is designed to estimatethe angular speed of all idle rolls except for an actuated roll that is measureable. Finally, a computer simulation isused to validate that the proposed state space model very well describes slip dynamics between, and moreover, thestate observer very well estimates the angular speed of the idle roll.

Background and Aims: Transient elastography (TE) is useful for predicting the fibrosis stage, but it is unsatisfactory as a substitute for liver biopsy, especially in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study was performed to establish a reliable model for predicting significant fibrosis (SF) in patients with CHB. Methods: All CHB patients who were admitted to undergo liver biopsy were enrolled. They were randomly classified into either a training set (n = 139) or a validation set (n = 69). A model for predicting SF was established in the training set and validated in the validation set. Low and high cutoff values (COVs) were chosen for sensitivity ≥ 99% and specificity ≥ 99%, respectively. Results: A total of 208 patients were enrolled. Age was 39 ± 12 years and 149 (71.6%) were men. In the training set, liver stiffness values and serum haptoglobin, apolipoprotein A1, and α2-macroglobulin levels were independent predictors of SF on multivariate analysis. These variables were used to construct a novel model, called the HALF index. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of the HALF index for predicting SF was significantly higher than that of TE alone (0.915 vs 0.877, P = 0.010). Using low and high COVs of the HALF index, it appears that approximately half (47.1%) of patients could avoid liver biopsy, with an associated accuracy of 99.0%. Conclusion: A combination of liver stiffness and serum markers identified SF with a high degree of accuracy. Approximately half of all patients with CHB could avoid liver biopsy through the utilization of the HALF index.

Background Theiler’s virus infection induces chronic demyelinating disease in mice and has been investigated as an infectious model for multiple sclerosis (MS). IL-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of both the autoimmune disease model (EAE) and this viral model for MS. However, IL-1 is known to play an important protective role against certain viral infections. Therefore, it is unclear whether IL-1-mediated signaling plays a protective or pathogenic role in the development of TMEV-induced demyelinating disease. Methods Female C57BL/6 mice and B6.129S7-Il1r1tm1Imx/J mice (IL-1R KO) were infected with Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (1 x 106 PFU). Differences in the development of demyelinating disease and changes in the histopathology were compared. Viral persistence, cytokine production, and immune responses in the CNS of infected mice were analyzed using quantitative PCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry. Results Administration of IL-1β, thereby rending resistant B6 mice susceptible to TMEV-induced demyelinating disease, induced a high level of Th17 response. Interestingly, infection of TMEV into IL-1R-deficient resistant C57BL/6 (B6) mice also induced TMEV-induced demyelinating disease. High viral persistence was found in the late stage of viral infection in IL-1R-deficient mice, although there were few differences in the initial anti-viral immune responses and viral persistent levels between the WT B6 and IL-1R-deficiecent mice. The initial type I IFN responses and the expression of PDL-1 and Tim-3 were higher in the CNS of TMEV-infected IL-1R-deficient mice, leading to deficiencies in T cell function that permit viral persistence. Conclusions These results suggest that the presence of high IL-1 level exerts the pathogenic role by elevating pathogenic Th17 responses, whereas the lack of IL-1 signals promotes viral persistence in the spinal cord due to insufficient T cell activation by elevating the production of inhibitory cytokines and regulatory molecules. Therefore, the balance of IL-1 signaling appears to be extremely important for the protection from TMEV-induced demyelinating disease, and either too much or too little signaling promotes the development of disease.

Herbs are widely used as treatments for various symptoms. However, several herbs have been reported to be inducers of liver injury. We report herein a case of hepatotoxicity induced by Corydalis speciosa Max. A 37-year-old male complained of jaundice and mild abdominal discomfort. A thorough history was taken, and laboratory investigation, diagnostic imaging studies, and percutaneous liver biopsy sampling were conducted to determine the cause of liver injury. An accurate cause was not revealed. We administered supportive management for acute cholestatic hepatitis of unknown origin, after which his symptoms disappeared and serum aminotransferase levels decreased gradually to near normal levels. However, at 2 months after discharge, the symptoms and the elevation of aminotransferase levels recurred. At that time he told us that he had repeatedly but unintentionally eaten a herb called "Hwang-geun cho"(Corydalis speciosa Max.). Thus, we diagnosed his case as herbal hepatotoxicity.

Background/Aims Several studies suggested that serum cystatin C (CysC) is more useful than serum creatinine (Cr) for the assessment of renal function in patients with liver cirrhosis. This study evaluated the clinical significance of CysC in patients with cirrhotic ascites and normal Cr level. Methods We enrolled patients with cirrhotic ascites and a normal serum Cr level (

Background: Monitoring of anesthetic depth is important for successful general anesthesia, yet no such a monitor is widespread. Recently, anesthesia-monitoring device based on time-frequency balanced spectral entropy of electroencephalogram monitoring was developed and available in clinical practices. This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of this monitor on the consumption of anesthetic drugs and recovery time in general inhalational anesthesia. Methods: Patients scheduled for elective operation under inhalational anesthesia were randomly allocated to entropy (E) group (with entropy monitoring) or non-entropy (NE) group (without entropy monitoring). Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane, air, and remifentanil in all patients. In E group, the concentration of sevoflurane was adjusted to keep the state entropy (SE) value between 40 and 60. The concentration of sevoflurane in NE group was controlled to keep heart rate and blood pressure within ± 20% of the baseline value without the information of SE. After the operation, entropy values, end-tidal sevoflurane concentration, and recovery time were compared with each other. Results: A total of 60 patients were studied. Entropy values were higher during anesthesia period in the E group (P ＜ 0.05). Consequently, mean end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was lower in the E group during anesthesia period (P ＜ 0.05). And all recovery time was shorter in the E group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions: Entropy monitoring assisted titration of sevoflurane, as indicated by higher entropy values, decreased mean end-tidal sevoflurane concentration, and shorter recovery times in the entropy group. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2007; 53: 298～303)