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Objective: This study aims to evaluate the risk factors for subjective recurrence and complications of patients who underwent transvaginal synthetic mesh surgery. Design: This retrospective cohort study included patients who received transvaginal mesh (TVM) surgery between January 2005 and June 2019. Methods: The information of patients was collected, including basic characteristics, subjective recurrence, and mesh-related complications. The clinical characteristics of patients with and without subjective recurrence were compared. The sexual activities of patients before and after the operation were recorded. SPSS 20.0 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: A total of 257 patients were included. Among them, 62 (24.1%) patients were lost to follow-up. The median follow-up time was 80 months (12 months, 170 months). Finally, 195 patients were followed up, 11 (5.6%) patients had a subjective recurrence of pelvic organ prolapse, and 26 (13.3%) patients had mesh-related complications (11 patients with de novo pain and 15 patients with mesh exposure). We found significant differences in age (68.9 ± 5.1 vs. 63.4 ± 5.8 years old), years of postmenopause (17.5 ± 6.3 vs. 13.3 ± 6.9 years), previous hysterectomy (27.3% vs. 6.0%), and concomitant hysterectomy (45.5% vs. 81.0%) between patients with and without subjective recurrence (p < 0.05). The mesh exposure proportion of patients with total vaginal mesh (47.6%) was significantly higher than that with anterior vaginal mesh (2.9%) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 6.7% of sexually active patients reported de novo dyspareunia. Limitation: The investigators could only record the subjective recurrence of patients, and thus there is a lack of objective recurrence data. Conclusion: Age, years of postmenopause, and previous hysterectomy are risk factors for subjective recurrence of TVM surgery; however, concomitant hysterectomy is a protective factor. Mesh exposure is the most common complication, especially for total vaginal mesh repair surgery.

The objective was to investigate the long-term efficacy and patient satisfaction of Le Fort colpocleisis for the treatment of severe pelvic organ prolapse. This was a retrospective study of patients who underwent Le Fort colpocleisis from January 2007 to August 2018 in our hospital. Follow-up was conducted via outpatient visits or the telephone. Records were reviewed for anatomical recurrence, complications, urinary and intestinal symptoms post-operation, reoperation rate, patient satisfaction, Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) score, regret rate etc. A total of 208 patients underwent follow-up. The follow-up time was 60.7 ± 34.18 (12–140) months. There were no intraoperative complications. Postoperative urinary retention occurred in 3.8% of patients (8 out of 208). There was no anatomical recurrence. New or more severe urinary symptoms occurred in 8.7% of patients (18 out of 208); new or more severe intestinal symptoms occurred in 1.9% of patients (4 out of 208). The reoperation rate was 1.44% (3 out of 208). Three cases of reoperation occurred for the following reasons: a case of severe stress urinary incontinence, a case of abscess in the vaginal septum, and a case of uterine malignancy after 2 years of colpocleisis. Patient satisfaction was as follows: 98.6% (205 out of 208) of patients were very satisfied. The PGI-I score was very much improved or improved in 99.5% (207 out of 208) of patients. A total of 0.96% (2 out of 208) of patients regretted undergoing colpocleisis. The long-term follow-up results showed that Le Fort colpocleisis was a safe and effective surgical procedure associated with high satisfaction. There was a very low regret rate, but the procedure should be taken seriously.

Cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with vascular remodeling in the arteries. Perivascular sympathetic neurons release an abundance of trophic factors to regulate vascular function via a paracrine signaling. Netrin-1, a diffusible protein that can be secreted outside the cell, is one of common signals of ‘conversation’ between nerve and vessel. The present study investigated whether netrin-1 is a novel modulator of sympathetic neurons paracrine signaling and played a critical role in vascular adventitial remodeling under T2DM. Vascular adventitial remodeling was observed in adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) responding to netrin-1 deficiency in the supernatant from primary rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG) neurons, shown as AFs proliferation, migration, and collagen deposition. Conditioned medium from the high glucose (HG)-treated SCG neurons contributed to AFs remodeling, which was effectively alleviated by exogenous netrin-1 supplementation. Further, it was found that uncoordinated-5-B (Unc5b) was mainly expressed in AFs among netrin-1 specific receptors. Treatment of netrin-1 inhibited H2O2 production derived from NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) through the UNC5b/CAMP/PKA signal pathway in AFs remodeling. In vivo, aorta adventitial remodeling was accompanied with the downregulation of netrin-1 in the perivascular sympathetic nerve in T2DM rats. Such abnormalities were restored by netrin-1 intervention, which was associated with the inhibition of NOX4 expression in the aorta adventitia. In conclusion, netrin-1 is a novel modulator of sympathetic neurons paracrine signaling to maintain AFs function. Vascular adventitial remodeling was aggravated by sympathetic neurons paracrine signaling under hyperglycemia, which was ameliorated by netrin-1 treatment through the UNC5b/CAMP/PKA/NOX4 pathway.

In this paper, we describe a single quantum resource to split the quantum information of arbitrary two-qubit. In addition, we discuss its hierarchical situation, so as to achieve more efficient and convenient information sharing. The sender sends the secret state to the other three parties, and then the sender performs Bell base measurement on himself. Then we use three lines to share the information successfully. We find that when the high privileged recipient restores the secret state, he can succeed only with the help of one of the two low privileged recipients; and when the low privileged recipient restores the secret state, he can succeed only with the help of one of the two low privileged recipients. In the complex secret state, he needs the help of the high privileged receiver and the remaining low privileged receiver, and then successfully realizes the sharing of the secret state through corresponding operations.

Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the sexually inactive status of patients with pelvic organ prolapse before colpocleisis and postoperative satisfaction and regret rate. Methods A retrospective study of patients with pelvic organ prolapse who underwent colpocleisis was conducted in our hospital from January 2007 to April 2019. Records were reviewed before surgery for general clinical characteristics, duration, and reasons for being sexually inactive. Follow-up was conducted by telephone about patient satisfaction, Patient Global Impression of Improvement score, and regret rate after surgery. Results The mean age of the 247 patients was 73.8 ± 5.58 years. A total of 76.9% (190/247) described the duration of being sexually inactive, and the mean time was 12.6 ± 8.69 years. The 247 patients gave the following reasons for being sexually inactive: 52.2% (129/247) were widowed and 37.2% (92/247) reported the physical health factors of their spouses or sexual partners. The first male factor was nervous system disease (37.0%, 34/92). A total of 5.3% (13/247) were patient-related factors and 5.3% (13/247) were factors of both the male and female. A total of 195 patients underwent follow-up, the rate was 78.9% (195/247), and the follow-up time was 39.7 ± 37.5 (2-140) months. A total of 98.5% (192/195) of patients were very satisfied. A total of 98.9% (193/195) of patients were very much improved or improved in Patient Global Impression of Improvement score. A total of 1.02% (2/195) of patients regretted having colpocleisis nearly 2 years later. Conclusions The main reason for being sexually inactive was having been widowed. Colpocleisis was associated with high satisfaction rates and low regret rate.

Our previous study found that mutations in the PTGIS gene contributed high susceptibility to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We have generated disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from a PAH patient carrying the heterozygous c.1339 G > A mutation in PTGIS gene. The generated iPSC lines can be differentiated into endothelial cells to investigate the pathogenesis of PAH associated with PTGIS gene, which could provide valuable resources for personalized medicine.

We consider the Bose–Einstein condensation of parallel light in a two-dimensional nonlinear optical cavity, and study the propagation and conversion of the parallel light both in classical and quantum treatments. First, by combining the classical propagation equation of electric field and the Schrodinger equation of photons we derive a coupled wave equation which can be used to describe the conversion law of the parallel light in the condensate phase. It is found that in the condensate phase there exists a phase transition. Over the phase transition point, the fundamental wave can all be converted into the second harmonic. The interaction between the parallel light and the nonlinear medium is also investigated in the quantum framework. It is found that in the microcavity the traditional process of second harmonic generation can be explained as the coupling of two massive photons with each other to form a photon molecule. The conversion relation between photons and photon molecules is investigated. The results reveal the existence of a quantum phase transition in the ground state of the two-mode system, and it is consistent with the description using the classical-field method. Further investigation also shows that for the common condensate state the harmonic conversion rate is closely related to the order parameter or the initial imbalance of the system. The dependency relation between the harmonic conversion rate and the effective photon–photon interaction is also discussed.

Background Cardiac fibrosis is a core pathological process associated with heart failure. The recruitment and differentiation of primitive fibroblast precursor cells of bone marrow origin play a critical role in pathological interstitial cardiac fibrosis. The K C a 3.1 channels are expressed in both ventricular fibroblasts and circulating mononuclear cells in rats and are upregulated by angiotensin II . We hypothesized that K C a 3.1 channels mediate the inflammatory microenvironment in the heart, promoting the infiltrated bone marrow–derived circulating mononuclear cells to differentiate into myofibroblasts, leading to myocardial fibrosis. Methods and Results We established a cardiac fibrosis model in rats by infusing angiotensin II to evaluate the impact of the specific K C a 3.1 channel blocker TRAM ‐34 on cardiac fibrosis. At the same time, mouse CD 4 + T cells and rat circulating mononuclear cells were separated to investigate the underlying mechanism of the TRAM ‐34 anti–cardiac fibrosis effect. TRAM ‐34 significantly attenuated cardiac fibrosis and the inflammatory reaction and reduced the number of fibroblast precursor cells and myofibroblasts. Inhibition of K C a 3.1 channels suppressed angiotensin II –stimulated expression and secretion of interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐13 in CD 4 + T cells and interleukin‐4– or interleukin‐13–induced differentiation of monocytes into fibrocytes. Conclusions K C a 3.1 channels facilitate myocardial inflammation and the differentiation of bone marrow‐derived monocytes into myofibroblasts in cardiac fibrosis caused by angiotensin II infusion.

We were interested in further confirming whether D-dimers (DD) are indeed elevated in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) as reported in those studies.CVST patients who had a plasma D-dimer test (139 cases) were included and divided into two groups: elevated D-dimer group (EDG) (0.5 μg/mL; 65 cases) and normal D-dimer group (NDG) (≤0.5 μg/mL; 74 cases). The two groups were compared in terms of demographic data, clinical manifestation, laboratory and imaging data, using inferential statistical methods.The chi-squared and Fisher exact test showed that, compared to the NDG (74 cases), patients with elevated D-dimer levels were more likely to have a shorter symptom duration (SD) (30 ± 83.9 versus 90 ± 58.9 d, p = 0.003), more risk factors (75.4% versus 52.7%, p = 0.006), higher multiple venous sinus involvement (75.4% versus 59.5%, p = 0.037), increased fibrinogen (43.1% versus 18.9%, p = 0.037) and higher levels of blood glucose (18.3% versus 11%, p = 0.037). According to correlation analyses, D-dimer levels were positively correlated with number of venous sinuses involvement (NVS) (r = 0.321, p = 0.009) in the EDG. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SD (OR, 0.025; 95% CI, 1.324-6.043; p = 0.000), NVS (OR, 1.573; 95% CI, 1.15-2.151; p = 0.005) and risk factors (OR, 3.321; 95% CI, 1.451-7.564; p = 0.004) were significantly different between the two groups.D-dimer is elevated in patients with acute/subacute CVST.

Background: Myopathies with rimmed vacuoles are a heterogeneous group of muscle disorders with progressive muscle weakness and varied clinical manifestations but similar features in muscle biopsies. Here, we describe a novel autosomal dominant myopathy with rimmed vacuoles in a large family with 11 patients of three generations affected. Methods: A clinical study including family history, obstetric, pediatric, and development history was recorded. Clinical examinations including physical examination, electromyography (EMG), serum creatine kinase (CK), bone X-rays, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in this family. Open muscle biopsies were performed on the proband and his mother. To find the causative gene, the whole-exome sequencing was carried out. Results: Disease onset was from adolescence to adulthood, but the affected patients of the third generation presented an earlier onset and more severe clinical manifestations than the older generations. Clinical features were characterized as dysarthria, dysphagia, external ophthalmoplegia, limb weakness, hypophrenia, deafness, and impaired vision. However, not every patient manifested all symptoms. Serum CK was mildly elevated and EMG indicated a myopathic pattern. Brain MRI showed cerebellum and brain stem mildly atrophy. Rimmed vacuoles and inclusion bodies were observed in muscle biopsy. The whole-exome sequencing was performed, but the causative gene has not been found. Conclusions: We reported a novel autosomal dominant myopathy with rimmed vacuoles characterized by dysarthria, dysphagia, external ophthalmoplegia, limb weakness, hypophrenia, deafness, and impaired vision, but the causative gene has not been found and needs further study.

The study was designed to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of intraocular crocetin and examine whether crocetin inhibits the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in a rabbit model. In the toxicity study, the right eyes of rabbits were injected with 0.2 μmol or 0.4 μmol crocetin. The left eyes were injected with 0.1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing the same concentration of DMSO. Fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and electroretinogram (ERG) were obtained at baseline and 14 days. Afterward, the eyes were enucleated for histopathological analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In the pharmacokinetic study, the eyes received an intravitreous injection of 0.4 μmol crocetin to detect vitreous drug levels with HPLC at specific time points. In the efficacy study, PVR was induced with an intravitreal injection of ARPE-19 cells in rabbits. Then ten eyes were injected with 0.4 μmol crocetin, and the other 10 eyes received 0.1 ml PBS. Fundus photography, OCT and ERG were performed at days 3 and 7 and weekly for a total of 4 weeks after injection. Afterward, the eyes were enucleated and subjected to histological analysis and TUNEL staining. The results demonstrated no signs of retinal toxicity. Intravitreal injection of 0.4 μmol crocetin had a half-life of 4.231 h. Treatment with crocetin significantly inhibited the progression of PVR in parallel with a reduced expression of α-SMA, collagen fibers and Ki67. These results indicate that crocetin is an effective and safe inhibitor of PVR in rabbit models.

In the field of object recognition, the SIFT feature is known to be a very successful local invariant descriptor and has wide application in different domains. However it also has some limitations, for example, in the case of facial illumination variation or under large tilt angle, the identification rate of the SIFT algorithm drops quickly. In order to reduce the probability of mismatching pairs, and improve the matching efficiency of SIFT algorithm, this paper proposes a novel feature matching algorithm. The basic idea is taking the successful-matched SIFT feature points as the training samples to establish a space mapping model based on BP neural network. Then, with the help of this model, the estimated coordinate of the corresponding SIFT feature point in the candidate image is predicted. Finally search the possible matching points around the coordinate. The experiment results show that using the prediction model, the number of mismatching points can be reduced effectively and the number of correct matching pairs increases at the same time

The intermediate-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (KCa3.1) channels play a pivotal role in the proliferation and collagen secretion of cardiac fibroblasts. However, their contribution in cardiac fibrosis remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate whether KCa3.1 channels mediate the development of cardiac fibrosis. Pressure-overloaded rats were induced by abdominal aortic constriction and treated without or with KCa3.1 blocker (TRAM-34) or angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker (losartan) for 2 weeks. Besides the increase of blood pressure, angiotensin (Ang) II level in the plasma and myocardium, left ventricle mass and hydroxyproline concentration, myocardial hypertrophy, as well as significant collagen deposition in the perivascular regions and interstitium of the myocardium were observed in pressure-overloaded rats. The expression of leukocyte differentiation antigens (CD45 and CD3), macrophage surface marker (F4/80), tumor necrosis factor alpha, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) also significantly increased. All these alterations were prevented by losartan and TRAM-34. TRAM-34 also reduced the increase of renin and angiotensinogen in the plasma and myocardium of pressure-overloaded rats. Ang II promoted the migration of monocytes through endothelial cells and the secretion of MCP-1 from human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro, which was inhibited by TRAM-34. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that TRAM-34 alleviates cardiac fibrosis induced by pressure overload, which is related to its inhibitory action on KCa3.1 channels and Ang II level. Our findings indicate that the inhibition of KCa3.1 channels may represent a novel approach of preventing the progression of cardiac fibrosis, and also add to the already developing literature of promising targets for TRAM-34.

Currently, the evaluation methods of importance measures such as structure importance measure, criticality reliability importance and B-reliability importance, have some shortcomings that the evaluation results are not comprehensive enough and the scope of usage. In order to accurately evaluate the importance measures of equipment, and to reflect the impact of the equipment on the communication network, a comprehensive evaluation method of importance measure is put forward. According to the influence of inherent structure of system and service reliability, the importance measure of equipment is calculated. By the coefficient modification, it can accurately evaluate comprehensive evaluation of electric power communication equipment based on reliability importance measures. Example result verifies the feasibility and validity of the comprehensive evaluation method.

For scientifically distributing paths of relay protection services for power optical-fiber channel, ensuring the security of each path, meanwhile, reducing the amount of links that carry too many services, the improved Dijkstra algorithm is offered. As a preparation for path selection, the security are mapped to the weights of nodes and links; to avoid some links overloading, modify link weight by a dynamic weight update function during the search process; and the degree of security risk equalization is proposed to assess the security status of the whole network.

With the DCS of Zhejiang SUPCON as a platform, in view of the characteristics of the Electric heating jacketed boiler temperature are large inertia, large delay, the effect of the traditional PID control is not ideal, a fuzzy predictive control algorithm with nonlinear scaling factors is proposed, which combines the advantages of predictive functional control is not strict with prediction model, due to the introduction of nonlinear scaling factors, can improve the sensitivity of fuzzy controller effectively. Algorithm using Advan Trol-Pro configuration software to implemented. Through the application of the Electric heating jacketed boiler temperature control system which indicates that fuzzy predictive functional control based on DCS is feasible, it also can improve the system response speed, and realize the accuracy of the system stability and perfect controlling effect.

Multimedia assisted teaching plays a more and more important role in modern teaching. It not only can improve the teaching quality, but also provides a platform for the reform of traditional teaching mode and method. For at present classroom utilization rate is low, the fault report and maintenance is not timely, its separate control is not easy to manage, and so on, a set of centralized control system for multimedia classroom equipment is developed by increasing the necessary hardware on the basis of existing multimedia equipment, which is based on network and wireless data transmission technology. A main controller and its peripheral equipment interface circuit are designed, including hardware and software. The system can improve the utilization rate and service life of multimedia equipment, convenient the effective management.

A multicentre prospective cohort study was performed in 17 intensive care units (ICUs) in tertiary care hospitals in Hubei Province, China. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was defined according to modified criteria from the published literature. Among 4155 ventilated patients, the crude incidence and incidence rate of VAP were 20.9% and 28.9 cases per 1000 ventilator-days. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression revealed risk factors including male sex [risk ratio (RR): 1.5; P0.001], coma (RR: 2.1; P0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RR: 1.4; P0.001), infections at other sites (RR: 1.6; P=0.001), serious disease predating the onset of VAP (RR: 1.6; P0.001) and interventions including antacid treatment (RR: 1.4; P0.001), antimicrobial treatment (RR: 5.1; P0.001), bronchoscopy (RR: 1.5; P=0.041) and tracheostomy (RR: 1.4; P=0.014). The most frequently isolated causative pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Of all Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 45.7% were meticillin resistant. Rates, risk factors and causal pathogens of VAP in ICUs in Hubei differ from those reported from developed countries. These data show the need for more effective infection control interventions in Hubei, China.

Flammable liquid storage tanks usually plant a potential dangerous zone. The damage gets worse and worse. In order to avoid the tank fire, the tanks extended to the nearby storage tanks-facilities and buildings. In consideration of safety conditions, flammable liquid storage tanks for the safety and security distance is necessary. Through the FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) computer simulation of fire, flammable liquid storage tanks for spot the fires numerical simulation to detect a fire to happen. In order to establish an optimized model, the flammable liquid storage tanks save the temperature distribution by obtaining flammable safety distance of the liquid storage tank, by talking about the current laws and regulations, by looking forward to meeting the economic and security considerations.

In this paper, a surgical blade inspecting system is designed and researched, which can automatic test and determine eligibility according to tolerances. High precision and non-contact detection of surgical blades based on machine vision is realized by using camera with telecentric lens to obtain the image of surgical blades, by applying template matching technique to automatic match surgical blades. One-dimensional edge of sub-pixel accuracy is extracted by combining the edge filtering of the Deriche filter and parabolic fitting for the maximum range from edge. It can be used for precise measurement of different part of surgical blades with different sizes. Extensive experiments showed that measuring range is from 2mm ~ 50mm, measuring accuracy is 10μm and average detection time is 0.6s. Thus the inspection system is fast, accurate and robust to fulfill the industrial demands.

To establish the normal range of frontomaxillary facial (FMF) angle in the first trimester in a Chinese population.In a prospective study from March 2007 to June 2007, three-dimensional (3D) volumes of the fetal profile in the mid-sagittal plane were recorded from 129 Chinese pregnant women who were screened for trisomy 21 by the combination of fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness, maternal serum free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) at 11 to 13 + 6 weeks. 3D volumes were examined using multiplanar techniques. The FMF angle of each case was measured. The relationship between the measured FMF angle with the other parameter was also examined.The mean FMF angle decreased from 86.8 degree for a crown-rump length (CRL) of 45 mm to 76.0 degree for a CRL of 84 mm (FMF angle = 99.49 - 0.28 x CRL, r=0.377, p0.0001). There was no significant association between the FMF angle with serum PAPP-A or β-hCG. The mean (SD) difference between FMF angle derived from Chinese formula and that from the published Caucasian equation was 1.47 (0.61) (95% CI 1.37-1.58) (p0.0001).In the first trimester, the FMF angle decreases with fetal CRL. There was similarity in the normal value of FMF angle between the Chinese and Caucasian populations.

Objective To determine the number of ultrasound examinations required to train sonographers to accurately measure the fetal frontomaxillary facial (FMF) angle at 11–13 weeks of gestation. Methods Eight sonographers accredited for nuchal translucency thickness (NT) measurement (and with different levels of experience) were trained to measure the fetal FMF angle using specially acquired three-dimensional (3D) volumes. Training was provided in cycles, and each cycle consisted of a training period on 20 randomly selected cases followed by an examination using 10 randomly selected cases. During training, the sonographer was informed of the true FMF angle value after each FMF angle measurement on a case-by-case basis. During examination, the difference between the measured and the true values of the FMF angle (i.e. the delta angle) was calculated. A measurement was considered accurate if the delta angle was less than 5°. The sonographer was considered to be competent and the training finished if all 10 examination cases satisfied this criterion. Otherwise, the sonographer would undergo further cycles of training–examination, until he/she became competent. Results The number of training cases required for a sonographer to become competent was 40 for two sonographers, 60 for one, 80 for one, 100 for two, 120 for one and 140 for one, with a median of 90. The median number of failed cases reduced from 2.5 (out of 10) at the first cycle to 0 by the 7th cycle. As training cycles increased, the mean angle deviation and measurement time required both reduced significantly. The average delta angle of the passing examination cycle was 2.06 ± 1.40°. The number of training cases required to become competent in FMF angle measurement was 40 for the two most experienced trainees and 80, 120 and 140 for the three least experienced ones. Conclusions We have demonstrated that competence in FMF angle measurement was achieved after a median number of 90 cases, with a range of up to 140. The number required was substantially lower, at 40 cases, among those with extensive experience of NT measurement. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Objectives To investigate the feasibility and reproducibility of measurements of nasal bone length using a three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound in the first trimester. Methods In a prospective study, 118 consecutive pregnant women attending for Down syndrome screening at 11–13 + 6 weeks were recruited. They had successful fetal nasal bone measurement by two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound by four operators. Three-dimensional volumes were recorded in the mid-sagittal plane of fetal profile by the fifth operator and examined using multiplanar techniques. Another independent investigator randomly compared his measurements with one of the four operators. Results In the subsequent 3D examination, the nasal bone length could be examined in 94 cases (79.7%). The mean difference between the 2D and 3D measurements was 0.19 mm [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08 to 0.31] (P < 0.05). Limits of agreement were −0.73 to 1.11. The mean differences between these two observers were 0.66 mm (95% CI −0.47 to 0.86) (P < 0.05). Conclusions There was significant intermethod difference between the results obtained by 2D and 3D, as well as substantial interobserver variation in 3D measurement of fetal nasal bone length in the first trimester. Independent 3D measurement of nasal bone offers no additional advantages over 2D sonography. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Objective: Implementing a multimodal campaign could be resulted in a sustained increase in hand hygiene (HH) compliance rates. However, most studies of HH campaign have been conducted in the developed countries. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hand hygiene campaign in a university hospital in China. Methods: During the period of the HH campaign, the WHO hand hygiene improvement strategy was implemented to improve hand hygiene compliance. We collected and evaluated the effect of hand hygiene campaign by the questionnaire of WHO hand hygiene observation, consumption of alcohol-based hand rub (AHR), liquid soap and gloves, and the quality of HH by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) test. Results: Of the 4,177 opportunities of hand hygiene evaluated, the HH compliance improved significantly from 24.2% to 41.0% after the intervention. Health care workers in the ICU showed higher hand hygiene compliance compared with those in other departments. In general, Nurses’ hand hygiene compliance was higher than those of physicians and surgeons. The consumption of AHR and the ATP pass rate increased after the intervention. Conclusion: Through the intervention, medical staff hand hygiene compliance was greatly improved from 24.2% to 41.0%. The WHO Hand Hygiene Strategy was also effective in hospital of China.

At present, equipments of pharmaceutical process, control system of traditional Chinese medicine are very poor and the automatic production is quite insufficient. For these reasons, the PROFIBUS-DP profibus control network is designed in this paper through the analysis of technological requirements and control features in each pharmaceutical process of traditional Chinese medicine. The framework of control system and the configuration system of software and hardware are mainly introduced in this paper. With this control system, it is able to realize the centralized control of each pharmaceutical process of traditional Chinese medicine, improving greatly the intelligence degree and automatic production degree of pharmaceutical process of traditional Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVE To observe the influence of the 4 parts of forming of Yiqi Qingwen Jidu Heji(YQQWJDHJ) to lung inflammatory cytokines of the model rats infected with influenza virus dynamically, and to discuss the mechanism of 4 parts of forming to anti-influenza immune injury and restoration. METHOD At the different stages of infection with the model rats infected by FM1 influenza, expression in lung of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1, IL-10 and IFN-gamma was detected after the intervention of 4 parts of forming using ELISA method. RESULT The expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 and IFN-gamma of model rats infected by FM1 were higher than the control group, the expression of IL-10 did not change. The expression of TNF-alpha was significantly reduced in 3 to 5 days after infection. By the method of relieving superficies with acrid-cold, clearing away heat and poison and replenishing Qi, the lung expression of IFN-gamma was significantly increased in the stage after infection. The method of relieving superficies with acrid-warm significantly reduced lung expression of IL-6 after infection in 1 to 3 days and on the 7th day, decreased the expression of IL-1 in 3 to 7 days, increased IFN-gamma expression on the 3rd day and the 7th day, and significantly increased the expression of IL-10 on the 1st day and in 5 to 7 days. The method of relieving superficies with acrid-cold reduced the expresssion of IL-6 after infection, and significantly increased the expression of IL-10. It could increase the expression of IL-1 after infection on the 3rd day, but reduced IL-1 expression after infection 7 days. The method of clearing away heat and poison reduced lung IL- 6 expression after infection in 3 to 7 days significantly, decreased the expression of IL-1 in 5 to 7 days, also increased the lung expression of IL-10 in 1 to 5 days significantly. The method of replenishing Qi significantly reduced the expression of IL-6 after infection on the 1st day and in 5 to 7 days, decreased the expression of IL-1 in 3 to 7 days, also significantly increased the lung IL-10 on the 5th day after infection. CONCLUSION The method of clearing away heat and poison and replenishing Qi could be against the lung immune inflammatory damage and repair damage. The method of relieving superficies with acrid-warm demonstrated some immunity against lung injury on the 3rd day after infection and the method of relieving superficies with acrid-cold demonstrated some immunity against lung injury on the 5th days after infection.

To establish the reference range of intracranial translucency (IT) in the first trimester in a Chinese population.In a prospective study from March 2007 to June 2007, three-dimensional (3D) volumes of the fetal profile in the mid-sagittal plane were recorded from 102 normal pregnancies screened for trisomy 21 by the combination of fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness, maternal serum free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks. 3D volumes were examined using multiplanar techniques. In the mid-sagittal plane the fourth ventricle presents as an (IT between the brain stem and choroid plexus. The anteroposterior diameter of IT in each case was measured. The relationship between IT with the other parameter was also examined.The IT at first trimester ranged from 1.35 to 2.6 mm. There was no significant association between IT with NT, and serum biochemistry. The intraobserver and interobserver agreement was assessed in 20 (19.6%) normal cases. Mean (SD) differences of two observers was -0.015 (0.132) mm (p 0.05). For each observer, mean (SD) between the 2 paired measurements were -0.001 (0.097) mm, and 0.010 (0.085) mm, respectively (p 0.05).In the first trimester, the reference range of IT in Chinese fetuses has been established. The assessment of IT is feasible and reproducible.

Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] released from mast cells or platelets in peripheral tissues is one of the important inflammatory mediators in pain and hyperalgesia. The involvement of 5-HT in pain is complex because it could inhibit or facilitate nociceptive transmission, reflecting the presence of multiple 5-HT subtype receptors on peripheral and central nociceptors. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of 5-HT2Bin 5-HT-induced pain and whether the subtype exists in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Injecting the 5-HT or 5-HT2agonist in hindpaws of mice induced significant hyperalgesia to mechanical stimuli, which was inhibited by the 5-HT2B/2Cantagonist but not by 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, or 5-HT3Aantagonists. Therefore, 5-HT2Bor 5-HT2Cmay be involved in 5-HT-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. The 5-HT2B/2Cantagonist also blocked 5-HT-induced transient [Ca2+] signaling in DRG neurons. All subtypes of 5-HT receptors except 5-HT2Cand 5-HT6are present in DRGs.In situhybridization also demonstrated 5-HT2Bmainly expressed in small- to medium-diameter DRG neurons that respond to pain. Likely, 5-HT2Bmediates 5-HT-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in mice.

Objective To observe dynamically the influence of 4 parts of forming of YQJM (Yiqi Qingwen Jiedu mixture) (referred to as 4 parts of forming) including the methods of relieving superficies with acrid-warm, relieving superficies with acrid-cold, clearing away heat and poison and replenishing Qi to serum inflammatory cytokines of the model mice infected with influenza virus. And to discuss the mechanism of 4 parts of forming of anti-influenza immune injury and restoration. Method Made the model with the mice infected by FM1 influenza infection, used ELISA method, observed dynamically the influence of four methods on the level of serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1, IFN-gamma and IL-10 inflammatory cytokines. Result The level of serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 and IFN-gamma of mice infected by FM1 significantly increased, while the level of serum IL-10 was lower than the control group on the first day of infection, but the levels were much higher than the control group in 3 to 7 days after infection. The method of relieving superficies with acrid-warm significantly decreased the levels of serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 on the 5th day after infection, and significantly increased the levels of serum IL-10 on the 3rd and 7th day after infection. The method could inhibit the immune injury to some extent. The method of relieving superficies with acrid-cold decreased the levels of serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 in 5 to 7 days after infection, increased the level of serum IL-1 on the 3rd day after infection, decreased the level of serum IL-1 on the 7th day after infection, significantly increased the levels of serum IL-10 in 1 to 3 days and on the 7th day after infection. The method could be against inflammatory injury. The method of clearing away heat and poison decreased the levels of serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 after infection in 3 to 5 days and on the 7th day, and significantly increased IL-10 each time after infection. It exhibited more strong inhibition of inflammatory injury and repair. The method of replenishing Qi significantly decreased the level of serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 in 3 to 7 days after infection, increased the level of serum IL-1 the first 3 days after infection, but decreased the level of serum IL-1 on the 7th day after infection. The method significantly increased the levels of serum IL-10 in 3 to 5 days and on the 7th day. It exhibited inhibition of inflammatory injury. The method of relieving superficies with acrid-cold significantly increased the levels of serum IFN-gamma in 3 days after infection, while the methods of clearing away heat and poison and replenishing Qi significantly increased the levels of serum IFN-gamma in 1 to 3 days and on the 7th day. They exhibited anti-virus and suppression of the immune injury. Conclusion Chinese medicine could correct the imbalance of inflammatory cytokines and be against injury, promote injury restoration, and protect the body.

Based on the concepts of brand equity, means-end chain, and Web site trust, this study proposes a novel model called the consumption decision-making process of adolescents (CDMPA) to understand adolescents' Internet consumption habits and behavioral intention toward particular sporting goods. The findings of the CDMPA model can help marketers understand adolescents' consumption preferences and habits for developing effective Internet marketing strategies.

OBJECTIVE: To explore microcosmic information in chronic gastritis dampness syndrome by using serum proteomics of patients with chronic gastritis dampness syndrome. METHODS: Serum proteomics of 18 dampness syndrome cases, 17 non-dampness syndrome cases in chronic gastritis patients and 8 normal controls were analyzed by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (SELDI-TOF) protein-chip. RESULTS: There was a high expression trend in three ratios of charge (of an electron) to mass (M/S) of 3.2 kD, 6.4 kD and 8.1 kD of protein expression spectrum from patients with chronic gastritis dampness syndrome, and the wave peak value was over 10 units. There was a low expression trend in above-mentioned sites of protein expression spectrum from patients with chronic gastritis non-dampness syndrome and normal group. The wave peak value of patients with chronic gastritis non-dampness syndrome was about or below 10 units, and the wave peak value in normal group was below 5 units. CONCLUSION: There exists a certain significance to explore biologic theory basis of chronic gastritis dampness syndrome by analyzing the serum proteomics.

OBJECTIVE To explore the immunological mechanism of exfoliative tongue fur in children with asthma. METHODS Thirty-nine children with asthma, twenty-eight children with repetitive respiratory tract infection (non-asthma) and eleven healthy children were divided into five groups, which were asthma with exfoliative fur or with non-exfoliative fur groups, non-asthma with exfoliative fur or with non-exfoliative fur groups and normal control group. The concentrations of keratin 13 and bcl-2 in cells exfoliated from tongue fur were detected by immunohistochemical method. The expression levels of blood cell chemokine receptor-3 (CCR-3) and CD4(+) were examined by flow cytometry, and the levels of serum cortisol and IgE were detected by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS The levels of blood CD4(+) and CCR-3 of children with asthma and exfoliative fur were higher than those in the asthma with non-exfoliative fur group and the normal control group (P

Our study aimed to investigate whether strain rate acceleration (SRA) during isovolumic contraction time (IVCT) could serve as a sensitive indicator of myocardial function.A total of 8 sheep underwent occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery or diagonal branches and 2 sheep underwent left circumflex coronary artery occlusion to create septal, apical, or basal segment myocardial ischemia 19 to 27 weeks before the study. Baseline, volume-loading, dobutamine, and metoprolol infusion were used to produce 4 hemodynamic stages for each sheep. Doppler tissue imaging was acquired using a 5-MHz probe (GE/VingMed Vivid Five, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wis) on open-chest animals using the liver as a standoff at the apex. Using software (EchoPac, GE Medical Systems), SRA during IVCT was calculated and compared with tissue velocity acceleration (TVA) during IVCT from areas located in the normal and ischemic zones. Also, invasively monitored left ventricle dP/dt was measured as reference contractile function.Both TVA and SRA during IVCT showed higher values for normal tissue than for ischemic area (P.0001). SRA for normal wall segments changed significantly during the 4 stages (P =.01) with corresponding changes on high-fidelity left ventricular pressure catheters (r = 0.92). TVA over normal segments showed no significant change (P =.29) in the 4 hemodynamic stages. Both TVA and SRA of the ischemic segments showed no significant change with pharmacologic maneuvers or loading conditions.SRA and TVA during IVCT are both useful indicators for detecting abnormal heart wall motion. However, SRA tends to be more sensitive than TVA for differentiating the response to stress conditions.

The paper proposed a high resolution single-chip monolithic inkjet printhead by combination glowing of nozzle plate on the silicon substrate and anisotropic etching. Ink channels are defined by a sacrificed layer and etched through a mesh network by anisotropic etching. Silicon based channels are strong enough to against the attack of ink solution. Surface planarization is achieved by using PECVD deposited low stress dielectric film on top of the channels to seal mesh cavities. The heater elements are buried in a thin- sandwiched membrane and face down like a back shooter. Ink slot is formed by etching the substrate from the backside and channel is then connected with ink slot. Electrical forming nozzle plate will be done later. In this structure, no more another ink channel material is necessary since it is formed on Si substrate. By direct forming nozzle plate on chip, alignment for bonding nozzle plate and chip could be avoided to cost down.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Summary: Successive point-prevalence surveys were conducted annually from 2007 to 2011 to monitor the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in a university hospital in Hubei Province in China. The surveys used the case definition criteria established by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. In the 5 surveys, the overall frequency of HAIs was 3.16% (301/9533). No significant differences were identified in the point prevalence measurements of HAIs in any of the years from 2007 to 2011. Of all the cases, proportionally, the most frequent infection site was the respiratory tract (2.34%), followed by surgical sites (0.43%) and urinary tract sites (0.28%). Gram-negative aerobic bacilli were the most common organisms mentioned; the most frequently isolated organism was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii. Approximately one-half of the patients were receiving antibiotics at the time of the surveys. Cephalosporin, penicillin, and quinolone were most commonly used for treatment or prevention. The differences found in HAI prevalence data across the 5 surveys given in the hospital were not statistically significant. In conclusion, this successive point-prevalence survey provides information about the trend of HAI prevalence, epidemical character, and the use of antibiotics among the university hospital's in-patients. This information allows us to initiate targeted programs for infection prevention and control. Keywords: Healthcare-associated infections, Point-prevalence survey, China