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1. Diagnosis and Treatment of an Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of the Liver in a 37-Week Pregnant Woman: A Case Report

Author: Tran Que Son, Tran Manh Hung, Tran Thi Phuong, and Hoang Van Minh
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Uterus, hepatic resection, hepatic tumor, Chest pain, Epigastric pain, Maternity and Midwifery, medicine, Undifferentiated (Embryonal) Sarcoma, case report, hysterectomy, Fetus, Hysterectomy, cesarean section, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Magnetic resonance imaging, undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Hepatectomy, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Purpose Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is a rare malignant lesion in adults. Here, we present an extremely rare case of UESL in a pregnant woman. However, this was the first case, wherein one surgery covered all the procedures needed to be performed, including delivery of the neonate, hysterectomy, and resection of the left liver lobe to ensure the safety of both the mother and the newborn. Case presentation A 32-year-old woman at 37-weeks age of gestation was admitted at Bach Mai Hospital (Hanoi, Vietnam) due to epigastric pain, chest pain, and breathing difficulty. Blood tests showed an increased total alpha-fetoprotein level of 1085 ng/mL. Fetal ultrasound showed a fetal heart rate of 127 beats/minute, biparietal diameter of 92 mm, femur length of 70 mm, and fetal weight of 3287 g. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated a large tumor (12 × 14 × 18 mm) in the left liver, with organ signals increased on T2-weighted and decreased on T1-weighted. The mass was lobulated, developed along a downward pattern, and did not invade the portal vein. The surgeries performed were cesarean section, hysterectomy due to the inelasticity of the uterus, and left hepatectomy to ensure the safety of both the mother and newborn. The operation was performed safely and without any complications, and the patient was discharged from the hospital after 10 days. Conclusion This case report with distinct characteristics has been the first case ever reported in Vietnam, as well as in the literature. We believe that this case report will be useful for the clinical evidence pool and for educational purposes.
Published: 2021

2. Financial toxicity due to breast cancer treatment in low- and middle-income countries: evidence from Vietnam

Author: Hoang Van Minh, Ciaran O'Neill, Michael Donnelly, and Tran Thu Ngan
Subjects: Vietnamese, Breast Neoplasms, Stage ii, LMICs, 03 medical and health sciences, Breast cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, Cancer Survivors, Cost of Illness, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Financial toxicity/hardship, medicine, Health insurance, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Developing Countries, Finance, Descriptive statistics, business.industry, Cancer, medicine.disease, language.human_language, Vietnam, Oncology, Low and middle income countries, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Toxicity, Income, language, Female, Original Article, Health Expenditures, Cost of treatment, business
Abstract: Background This study examined the financial toxicity faced by breast cancer (BC) patients in Vietnam and the factors associated with the risk and degree of that toxicity. Methods A total of 309 BC patients/survivors completed an online survey (n=209) or a face-to-face interview (n=100) at two tertiary hospitals. Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were used to identify and analyse the forms and degree of financial toxicity faced by BC patients/survivors. A Cragg hurdle model assessed variation in risk and the degree of financial toxicity due to treatment. Results 41% of respondents faced financial toxicity due to BC treatment costs. The mean amount of money that exceeded BC patients/survivors’ ability to pay was 153 million Vietnamese Dong (VND) ($6602) and ranged from 2.42 million VND to 1358 million VND ($104–58,413). A diagnosis at stage II or III of BC was associated with 16.0 and 18.0 million VND (~$690–777) more in the degree of financial toxicity compared with patients who were diagnosed at stage 0/I, respectively. Being retired or married or having full (100%) health insurance was associated with a decrease in the degree of financial toxicity. Conclusions A significant proportion of Vietnamese BC patients/survivors face serious financial toxicity due to BC treatment costs. There is a need to consider the introduction of measures that would attenuate this hardship and promote uptake of screening for the reduction in financial toxicity as well as the health gains it may achieve through earlier detection of cancer.
Published: 2021

3. Relationship between family functioning and health-related quality of life among methadone maintenance patients: a Bayesian approach

Author: Hoang Van Minh, Khuong Quynh Long, Vu Quynh Mai, Ong Phuc Thinh, Vu Thi Hoang Lan, Nguyen Van Huy, and Trinh Thi Kim Thao
Subjects: Adult, Male, Gerontology, Methadone maintenance, medicine.medical_specialty, Methadone clinic, Bayesian probability, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life, Linear regression, Opiate Substitution Treatment, Humans, Medicine, business.industry, 030503 health policy & services, Public health, Confounding, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Bayes Theorem, Analgesics, Opioid, Cross-Sectional Studies, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Scale (social sciences), Quality of Life, Female, 0305 other medical science, business, Methadone
Abstract: To examine the relationship of family functioning on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among methadone maintenance patients using the Bayesian approach. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 182 patients at Go Vap Methadone Clinic, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Family functioning and HRQoL were measured by the APGAR scale and World Health Organization Quality of Life short-form instrument (WHOQoL-BREF), respectively. Directed Acyclic Graphs were used to present the conceptual framework and to identify a set of confounders of the relationship between family functioning and HRQoL. Bayesian multivariable linear regressions were fitted with four different priors to determine the effect size of the relationship of interest. The mean score of APGAR was 6.0 (SD = 3.3), and the mean scores of HRQoL were from 47.1 (SD = 17.6) in the social relationships dimension to 69.0 (SD = 10.3) in the environment dimension. Patients with a higher score of family functioning were likely to have a higher score of HRQoL, with coefficients and 95% highest density interval (HDI) greater than 0 in all priors. Family functioning had the most substantial impact on the psychological health dimension, with 99.9% to 100% and 44.6% to 83.7% of posterior distribution greater than 1 and 2, in different priors, respectively. Family functioning is intimately associated with HRQoL. Treatment plans for patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment should aim to involve the families appropriately and effectively to maximize the benefits for patients and improve their overall well-being.
Published: 2020

4. Improving prevention of cardiovascular diseases: Barriers and facilitators in primary care services in Vietnam

Author: Tran Thi Duc Hanh, Hoang Van Minh, Le Bich Ngoc, Xuanchen Tao, Lam Ngoc Hoa, Lijing L. Yan, and Enying Gong
Subjects: National health, medicine.medical_specialty, Leadership and Management, business.industry, 030503 health policy & services, Health Policy, Primary health care, Primary care, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Family medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0305 other medical science, business, health care economics and organizations
Abstract: Background: The National Hypertention Prevention and Control has been set as the Vietnam national health target program, 2008 to 2020 and functions and responsibilities of commune health centers (C...
Published: 2020

5. Breast Cancer messaging in Vietnam: an online media content analysis

Author: Chris Jenkins, Le Thi Hai Ha, Lynne Lohfeld, Paul Murphy, Dinh Thu Ha, Hoang Van Minh, and Vu Tuyet Lan
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Visual Arts and Performing Arts, Vietnamese, Social Stigma, Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), Stigma (botany), Breast Neoplasms, Global Health, Digital media, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Media content analysis, Breast Cancer, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, skin and connective tissue diseases, Health communication, Early Detection of Cancer, Consumer Health Information, business.industry, Public health, Communications Media, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, medicine.disease, language.human_language, Vietnam, Content analysis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Family medicine, Anthropology, language, Female, Personal experience, business, Prejudice, Research Article
Abstract: Background Breast cancer incidence is increasing in Vietnam with studies indicating low levels of knowledge and awareness and late presentation. While there is a growing body of literature on challenges faced by women in accessing breast cancer services, and for delivering care, no studies have sought to analyse breast cancer messaging in the Vietnamese popular media. The aim of this study was to investigate and understand the content of messages concerning breast cancer in online Vietnamese newspapers in order to inform future health promotional content. Methods This study describes a mixed-methods media content analysis that counted and ranked frequencies for media content (article text, themes and images) related to breast cancer in six Vietnamese online news publications over a twelve month period. Results Media content (n = 129 articles & n = 237 images) sampled showed that although information is largely accurate, there is a marked lack of stories about Vietnamese women’s personal experiences. Such stories could help bridge the gap between what information about breast cancer is presented in the Vietnamese media, and what women in Vietnam understand about breast cancer risk factors, symptoms, screening and treatment. Conclusions Given findings from other studies indicating low levels of knowledge and women with breast cancer experiencing stigma and prejudice, more nuanced and in-depth narrative-focused messaging may be required.
Published: 2020

6. Identifying costs: The case of refractive error, strabismus, and ptosis amongst children in Vietnam

Author: Hoang Van Minh, Dang Tran Dat, and Tran Tuan Anh
Subjects: Refractive error, Leadership and Management, business.industry, 030503 health policy & services, Health Policy, Vietnamese, medicine.disease, language.human_language, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ptosis, Health insurance, language, Optometry, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, medicine.symptom, 0305 other medical science, Strabismus, business
Abstract: Background: Vietnamese children older than six are not covered by Health Insurance Scheme for strabismus, ptosis, refractive error. Consequently, they are not getting appropriate treatment. Health ...
Published: 2020

7. Job satisfaction of healthcare workers in Vietnam: A multilevel study

Author: Hoang Van Minh, Vu Thi Hoang Lan, and Bui Thi Tu Quyen
Subjects: Leadership and Management, business.industry, 030503 health policy & services, Health Policy, Primary health care, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, Health care, Job satisfaction, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0305 other medical science, Human resources, business, Psychology
Abstract: This paper aims to assess the level of job satisfaction among healthcare staffs at commune health stations and explore the determinants at the individual and contextual levels. Data on 1,666 health...
Published: 2020

8. Meta-analysis of average costs of HIV testing and counselling and voluntary medical male circumcision across thirteen countries

Author: Carlos Pineda-Antunez, James G. Kahn, Carol Levin, Van Thu Nguyen, Hoang Van Minh, Carol Dayo Obure, Lily Alexander, Diego Cerecero-Garcia, Anna Vassall, Drew B. Cameron, Lalit Dandona, Lori Bollinger, Chris Chiwevu, Michel Tchuenche, Sedona Sweeney, Stella Nalukwago Settumba, Gisela Martinez-Silva, Steven Forsythe, Gabriela B. Gomez, and Sergio Bautista-Arredondo
Subjects: Counseling, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, HIV Infections, Hiv testing, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, 030212 general & internal medicine, Unit cost, 030505 public health, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, digestive system diseases, Infectious Diseases, Circumcision, Male, Male circumcision, Family medicine, Meta-analysis, Costs and Cost Analysis, Health Facilities, efficiency, unit cost, prevention, cost variation, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract: Objective: Explore facility-level average costs per client of HIV testing and counselling (HTC) and voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) services in 13 countries.Methods: Through a literature search we identified studies that reported facility-level costs of HTC or VMMC programmes. We requested the primary data from authors and standardised the disparate data sources to make them comparable. We then conducted descriptive statistics and a meta-analysis to assess the cost variation among facilities. All costs were converted to 2017 US dollars ($).Results: We gathered data from 14 studies across 13 countries and 772 facilities (552 HTC, 220 VMMC). The weighted average unit cost per client served was $15 (95% CI 12, 18) for HTC and $59 (95% CI 45, 74) for VMMC. On average, 38% of the mean unit cost for HTC corresponded to recurrent costs, 56% to personnel costs, and 6% to capital costs. For VMMC, 41% of the average unit cost corresponded to recurrent costs, 55% to personnel costs, and 4% to capital costs. We observed unit cost variation within and between countries, and lower costs in higher scale categories in all interventions.Keywords: efficiency, unit cost, prevention, cost variation
Published: 2019

9. Early screening and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in Vietnam: A population-based cross-sectional survey

Author: Vu Thi Thanh Mai, Hoang Van Minh, Duong Minh Duc, Nguyen Thi Huong Giang, Bui Thi Thu Ha, Le Thi Vui, and Nguyen Thuy Quynh
Subjects: Autism, education.field_of_study, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Cross-sectional study, Public health, Population, prevalence, MEDLINE, Population based, medicine.disease, behavioral disciplines and activities, Vietnam, Autism spectrum disorder, population-based survey, Intervention (counseling), Environmental health, mental disorders, Medicine, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, business, education
Abstract: Background Early detection of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is essential given the under-reported cases in low- and middle-income countries. This first national representative survey was conducted to explore the prevalence of ASDs amongst 18 and 30 months in seven provinces in Vietnam. Design and methods During 2017-2018, a national cross-sectional and population-based survey for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) amongst 40,243 children aged 18 to 30 months was conducted in 7 provinces representing the socio-economic regions of Vietnam. M-CHAT was used to screen children and then confirmed by diagnostic assessment using DSM-IV criteria. Results The prevalence of ASDs amongst children aged 18 and 30 months in Vietnam was high (0.758% or 1 in 132 children). Urban setting, male gender, and hereditable genes were associated with ASD prevalence. Conclusions ASDs amongst children aged 18 and 30 months in Vietnam tend to be increasing and are similar to this rate in other middle-income countries but lower than that in Western countries. This under-recognized public health problem amongst children should be addressed by early detection and intervention for families with affected children.
Published: 2021

10. Health-related quality of life among breast cancer patients compared to cancer survivors and age-matched women in the general population in Vietnam

Author: Michael Donnelly, Hoang Van Minh, Vu Quynh Mai, Tran Thu Ngan, and Ciaran O'Neill
Subjects: Biopsychosocial model, Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, Health Status, Population, Psychological intervention, Breast Neoplasms, HRQoL, Breast cancer, Quality of life, Cancer Survivors, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine, Humans, education, Health utility, education.field_of_study, Cancer och onkologi, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, medicine.disease, Mental health, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Cross-Sectional Studies, EQ-5D-5L, Vietnam, Cancer and Oncology, Quality of Life, Anxiety, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Purpose This study compared the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of breast cancer (BC) patients, survivors, and age-matched women from the general population in Vietnam to address the paucity of HRQoL research and contribute to the robust assessment of BC screening and care in Vietnam. Methods The standardised EQ-5D-5L instrument was incorporated in an online survey and a hospital-based face-to-face survey, and together with data from the Vietnam EQ-5D-5L norms study. χ2 tests assessed EQ-5D health profile associations and a Tobit regression model investigated the association between overall health status (EQ-VAS/utility scores) and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Results A total of 309 participants (107 patients undergoing treatment and 202 survivors who had completed treatment) provided usable responses. The dimensions that affected mostly the HRQoL of women with BC were pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Current patients and survivors differed significantly regarding HRQoL dimensions of mobility, self-care, usual activities, and anxiety/depression. Their health utilities were 0.74 and 0.84, respectively, compared with 0.91 for age-matched Vietnamese women in the general population (p Conclusions The results point to unmet needs in mental health support and well-being and for attention to be given to the development of a biopsychosocial system of cancer diagnosis, treatment, and care. The results will also inform future assessments of the comparative value for money of interventions intended to impact on breast cancer in Vietnam.
Published: 2021

11. Cost Analysis of Community-Based Smoking Cessation Services in Vietnam: A Cluster-Randomized Trial

Author: Nguyen Minh Van, Nguyen Thi Thu Trang, Vu Quynh Mai, Nguyen Truong Nam, Hoang Van Minh, Donna Shelley, and Hoang Thao Anh
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Medicine (General), Cost, medicine.medical_treatment, Primary health care, R5-920, tobacco cessation, parasitic diseases, medicine, Cluster randomised controlled trial, health care economics and organizations, Original Research, Community based, business.industry, Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Smoking cessation service, primary health care, Critical Issues in Health Services in Vietnam, Vietnam, Family medicine, Cost analysis, Smoking cessation, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, business
Abstract: The study aimed to estimate the cost for developing and implementing 2 smoking cessation service delivery models that were evaluated in a 2-arm cluster randomized trial in Commune Health Centers (CHCs) in Vietnam. In the first model (4As) CHC providers were trained to ask about tobacco use, advise smokers to quit, assess readiness to quit, and assist with brief counseling. The second model included the 4As plus a referral to Village Health Workers (VHWs) who were trained to provide multisession home-based counseling (4As + R). An activity-based ingredients (ABC-I) costing approach with a healthcare provider perspective was applied to collect the costs for each intervention model. Opportunity costs were excluded. Costs during preparation and implementation phase were estimated. Sensitivity analysis of the cost per smoker with the included intervention’ activities were conducted. The cost per facility-based counseling session ranged from USD 9 to USD 11. Cost per home-based counseling session at 4As + R model was USD 4. The non-delivery cost attributed to supportive activities (eg, Monitoring, Logistic, Research, General training) was USD 107 per counseling session. Cost per smoker ranged from USD 6 to USD 451. The study analyzed and compared cost of implementing and scaling community-based smoking cessation service models in Vietnam.
Published: 2021

12. Potential and Barriers to the Evolution of Rooftop Solar in Central VietNam

Author: Nguyen Huu Hieu, Le Hong Lam, Hoang Van Minh Ky, and Trinh Trung Hieu
Subjects: business.industry, Fossil fuel, Global warming, Photovoltaic system, Alternative energy, Business, Environmental economics, Solar energy, Solar irradiance, Solar power, Renewable energy
Abstract: Today, solar power is considered an alternative energy resource due to the global warming crisis results from the pollution of fossil fuels. In Vietnam, the solar photovoltaic rooftop has been promoted by the government to install in the private house since the solar energy potential is very promising, especially the central Vietnam. This decision opens an interesting opportunity to sell back redundancy energies to the power companies. However, this option is a challenge for power companies managing the distribution networks since the power sources move from big generators to distributed generators. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the potential of solar energy in central Vietnam from two points of view: (i) solar irradiance, (ii) decisions of the Vietnam Government. Here, the state-of-the-art solar rooftop of two big cities in central Vietnam, Danang and Hue city, is presented. Finally, the paper also provides challenges and solutions to mitigate the impact of solar rooftop on the technical constraints of the distribution network.
Published: 2021

13. Food insecurity and brain health in adults: A systematic review

Author: Bernadette McGuinness, Jinkook Lee, Alan J McMichael, Claire T. McEvoy, Hoang Van Minh, and Jayne V. Woodside
Subjects: Adult, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Food Supply, 03 medical and health sciences, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Environmental health, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Adverse effect, Depression (differential diagnoses), 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Physical health, Brain, Cognition, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 040401 food science, Food insecurity, Stroke, Food Insecurity, Dementia, business, Food Science
Abstract: Food insecurity has been associated with adverse effects on physical health and well-being in both high and low-income countries, but effects on brain health are not clear. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the relationship between food insecurity and important brain health outcomes in adults including depression, stroke, cognitive impairment and dementia. Electronic databases were searched to find studies which investigated relations between food insecurity and predefined brain health outcomes. Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria for review of which 23 were conducted in high income countries and seven in low- or middle-income countries. Most studies (n = 24) were cross-sectional, five were prospective and 1 was a case-control design. Seven studies reporting outcomes relating to cognitive performance and 24 relating to depression. No studies investigated relations between food insecurity and stroke or dementia. There was substantial heterogeneity in the populations studied as well as measures of food insecurity and outcomes which made comparisons between studies difficult. Overall, the findings highlighted that individuals who were food insecure had increased likelihood of depressive symptoms and poorer global cognition than those who were food secure. It is possible that social support and food aid programmes attenuate the effects of food insecurity on depressive symptoms. Future research is needed to determine whether interventions to alleviate food insecurity can benefit brain health in vulnerable populations.
Published: 2021

14. Willingness to use and pay for smoking cessation service via text-messaging among Vietnamese adult smokers, 2017

Author: Vuong Van Do, Tran Thu Ngan, Jidong Huang, Hoang Van Minh, and Pamela Redmon
Subjects: Adult, Male, Telemedicine, Cross-sectional study, medicine.medical_treatment, Vietnamese, 030508 substance abuse, Medicine (miscellaneous), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Willingness to pay, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Socioeconomic status, mHealth, Text Messaging, Discrete choice, business.industry, Smoking, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, language.human_language, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Vietnam, language, Smoking cessation, Female, Smoking Cessation, Pshychiatric Mental Health, 0305 other medical science, business, Demography
Abstract: Objectives To examine willingness to use (WTU) and willingness to pay (WTP) for smoking cessation service via text-messaging among adult smokers in Vietnam in 2017; and to identify demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with the WTU and WTP. Methods A cross-sectional study of 602 adult smokers who had intention to quit in the next 12 months was conducted in Vietnam in 2017. Participants were provided with the information about a mobile health (mHealth) smoking cessation service via text-messaging and asked about their willingness to use and pay for it. The contigent valuation method was used to estimate the WTP for the service, using single bound question format. Discrete choice model was applied to estimate the average WTP and its associated factors. Results Seventy-two percent of smokers expressed willingness to use smoking cessation service via text-messaging if it were available. The average willingness to pay among those interested in using the mHealth cessation service was 82,000 VND (US$3.5). Smoking status and quit attempts in the last twelve months were associated with WTU, whereas age of the smokers and monthly income were significant predictors of WTP. Conclusion A high proportion of Vietnamese smokers with intention to quit were interested in using smoking cessation services via text-messaging. The high level of smokers' willingness to use and pay for the text messaging cessation program indicates the mHealth methods could be a potential option for developing and delivering smoking cessation services in Vietnam.
Published: 2019

15. Demands and Factors Associated to Psychosocial Support of Cancer Patients at Vietnam National Cancer Hospital

Author: Le Tu Hoang, Hoang Van Minh, Nguyen Khac Liem, Nguyen Kim Oanh, and Nam Tien Pham
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Social communication, business.industry, Family medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Medicine, Cancer, Psychological counseling, business, medicine.disease, Focus group, Psychosocial support, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Cancer patients in Vietnam are increasing exponentially in numbers, with great demands for psychosocial support. This study explored the demands for the psychosocial support of cancer patients at Vietnam National Cancer Hospital and several associated factors. This is a cross-sectional survey, qualitative and quantitative study, and conducted from April to September 2017. This study utilized the structured questionnaire of 418 cancer patients, 8 in-depth interviews and 3 focus group discussions. Results of the study showed that cancer patients have different demands for 6 types of psychosocial support services, specifically: visiting about health and family difficulties (86.1%), providing information on supporting networks for cancer patients (75.7%), psychological counseling and consultation (68.4%), psychotherapy (49.9%), Consultation on self-care for appearance (39.1%), and Consultation on social communication (38.6%). Factors associated to cancer patients’ demands for psychosocial support at Vietnam National Cancer Hospital are gender, the number of treatments, and psychological states. In addition, to improve the quality of life for cancer patients, Vietnam National Cancer Hospital should promote psychosocial support activities for cancer patients, based on associated factors.
Published: 2019

16. Readiness, Availability and Utilization of Rural Vietnamese Health Facilities for Community Based Primary Care of Non-communicable Diseases: A CrossSectional Survey of 3 Provinces in Northern Vietnam

Author: Long Ngo, Hoang Van Minh, David B. Duong, and Andrew Ellner
Subjects: Lung Diseases, Rural Population, Health (social science), Cross-sectional study, Ethnic group, Health Services Accessibility, Primary Healthcare, 0302 clinical medicine, Health Information Management, Neoplasms, Surveys and Questionnaires, Ethnicity, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Community Health Services, Non-communicable Diseases, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, 030503 health policy & services, Health Policy, Mental Disorders, Epidemiological transition, Vietnam, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hypertension, language, Health Resources, Original Article, 0305 other medical science, Leadership and Management, Vietnamese, Primary care, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Noncommunicable Diseases, Primary Care, Service (business), Government, Primary Health Care, business.industry, lcsh:RA1-1270, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Mental health, language.human_language, Cross-Sectional Studies, Disadvantaged Populations, Health Facilities, Rural Health Services, business
Abstract: Background: Vietnam’s network of commune health centers (CHCs) have historically managed acute infectious diseases and implemented national disease-specific vertical programs. Vietnam has undergone an epidemiological transition towards non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Limited data exist on Vietnamese CHC capacity to prevent, diagnose, and treat NCDs. In this paper, we assess NCD service readiness, availability, and utilization at rural CHCs in 3 provinces in northern Vietnam. Methods: Between January 2014 and April 2014, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 89 rural CHCs from 3 provinces. Our study outcomes included service readiness, availability of equipment and medications, and utilization for five NCD conditions: hypertension, diabetes, chronic pulmonary diseases, cancer, and mental illnesses. Results: NCD service availability was limited, except for mental health. Only 25% of CHCs indicated that they conducted activities focused on NCD prevention. Patient utilization of CHCs was approximately 223 visits per month or 8 visits per day. We found a statistically significant difference (P
Published: 2018

17. Addressing Unintentional Exclusion of Vulnerable and Mobile Households in Traditional Surveys in Kathmandu, Dhaka, and Hanoi: a Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study

Author: Junnatul Ferdoush, Rumana Huque, Dana R. Thomson, Sushil Baral, Nushrat Jahan Urmy, Joseph P. Hicks, Chris Cartwright, Saidur Rahman Mashreky, Helen Elsey, Sudeepa Khanal, Tarana Ferdous, Radheshyam Bhattarai, Duong Minh Duc, Subash Gajurel, Hoang Van Minh, Hilary J. Wallace, Riffat Ara Shawon, Tim Ensor, Shraddha Manandhar, Rajeev Dhungel, Ak Narayan Poudel, and Khuong Quynh Long
Subjects: Adult, Health (social science), Sample (statistics), GeoODK, Health informatics, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Survey methodology, 0302 clinical medicine, Nepal, Surveys and Questionnaires, Urbanization, 0502 economics and business, Humans, Cross-sectional design, Urban, 030212 general & internal medicine, 050207 economics, Socioeconomics, Poverty, Bangladesh, Family Characteristics, Gridded population sampling, Descriptive statistics, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, OpenStreetMap, Household survey, Focus group, Urban Studies, Geography, Vietnam, GridSample, Respondent, Feasibility Studies, business
Abstract: The methods used in low- and middle-income countries’ (LMICs) household surveys have not changed in four decades; however, LMIC societies have changed substantially and now face unprecedented rates of urbanization and urbanization of poverty. This mismatch may result in unintentional exclusion of vulnerable and mobile urban populations. We compare three survey method innovations with standard survey methods in Kathmandu, Dhaka, and Hanoi and summarize feasibility of our innovative methods in terms of time, cost, skill requirements, and experiences. We used descriptive statistics and regression techniques to compare respondent characteristics in samples drawn with innovative versus standard survey designs and household definitions, adjusting for sample probability weights and clustering. Feasibility of innovative methods was evaluated using a thematic framework analysis of focus group discussions with survey field staff, and via survey planner budgets. We found that a common household definition excluded single adults (46.9%) and migrant-headed households (6.7%), as well as non-married (8.5%), unemployed (10.5%), disabled (9.3%), and studying adults (14.3%). Further, standard two-stage sampling resulted in fewer single adult and non-family households than an innovative area-microcensus design; however, two-stage sampling resulted in more tent and shack dwellers. Our survey innovations provided good value for money, and field staff experiences were neutral or positive. Staff recommended streamlining field tools and pairing technical and survey content experts during fieldwork. This evidence of exclusion of vulnerable and mobile urban populations in LMIC household surveys is deeply concerning and underscores the need to modernize survey methods and practices. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11524-020-00485-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2021

18. Reference data among general population and known-groups validity among hypertensive population of the EQ-5D-5L in Vietnam

Author: Klas-Göran Sahlen, Vu Quynh Mai, Kim Bao Giang, Lars H Lindholm, Sun Sun, and Hoang Van Minh
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, Descriptive statistics, business.industry, EQ-5D-5L reference data, Public health, Population, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, EQ-5D-5L population norms, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Younger people, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, Test (assessment), Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, EQ-5D, EQ-5D-5L validity, Single people, medicine, education, business, EQ-5D-5L known-groups validity, Demography
Abstract: Purpose This study aims to provide EQ-5D-5L population norms among the general population in Vietnam and to test EQ-5D-5L’ construction validity among people living with hypertension there. Methods Descriptive statistics of the five dimensions and five levels, EQ-VAS and EQ-5D-5L indexes were categorised into gender and age groups for the EQ-5D-5L population norms. Known-groups testing was set for lower EQ-5D-5L outcomes among people who were aware of their hypertensive status, females, people with more comorbidities, less education, older ages, and higher body mass indexes. Level of confident interval was 95%. Results The mean EQ-VAS and EQ-5D-5L indexes were 81.10 (SD: 13.35) and 0.94 (SD: 0.09) among the general population. The EQ-5D-5L outcomes were better among younger people, males, people with more education, employees, and single people. Respondents reported fewer problems with self-care and usual activities and tend to have problems at higher levels across older ages. The known-group testing showed statistically significant results. The mean EQ-VAS and EQ-5D-5L indexes of people in the diagnosed hypertensive group (71.48 and 0.94, respectively) were statistically significantly smaller than they were in the non-hypertensive and undiagnosed hypertensive group (76.65 and 0.97; 76.95 and 0.96 accordingly). Statistically significant associations of lower EQ-5D-5L indexes and EQ-VAS were found among people diagnosed for hypertension, people suffering from an incremental comorbidity, and obese people. Conclusion This study has provided EQ-5D-5L population norms for the general population and evidence for known-groups validity of the EQ-5D-5L instrument among hypertensive people in Vietnam.
Published: 2021

19. Author response: Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

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Geleijnse, Elysée Claude Bika Lele, Yannis Manios, Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña, Yufang Bi, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Sibel Gogen, Viviane Cunha Cardoso, Kristine H. Allin, Ana Azevedo, Line Tang Møllehave, Vincent Jr DeGennaro, Novie O. Younger-Coleman, Gretchen A Stevens, Dickman Gareta, Holger Theobald, Anja Schienkiewitz, Bekbolat Zholdin, Janice Luisa Lukrafka, Adela Chirita-Emandi, Ulla Roggenbuck, Kenisha Russell Jonsson, Robespierre Ribeiro, Gabriele Eiben, Eero Kajantie, Sounnia Mediene Benchekor, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Mary Simon, Prakash C. Gupta, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, Emanuela Gualdi-Russo, María Elena Díaz-Sánchez, Pilar Guallar-Castillón, Bee Koon Poh, Cristina Padez, Azaliia M Tuliakova, Sarah P. Garnett, William R. Tebar, Yingfeng Zheng, Suhad Bahijri, Christina Mavrogianni, Mihaela Vladulescu, Jan A. Staessen, Paula Duarte de Oliveira, Rui Ornelas, Michael Sjöström, Charles Agyemang, Slawomir Koziel, Shohreh Naderimagham, Jari Jokelainen, Stephen T. 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Otero, Jamila Abubakar Garba, Antonio Pedro Graça, Sumit Bharadwaj, Shiqi Zhen, Xiu-Hua Guo, Prashant Mathur, Raphael Mendes Ritti-Dias, Kouamelan Doua, Esteban Carmuega, Majid Shirani, Przemyslaw Slusarczyk, Petra Rust, Visnja Djordjic, Farahnaz Joukar, Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, Leila Houti, Nayu Ikeda, Imperia Brajkovich, Amirabbas Momenan, Erik J. Timmermans, Marcin Rutkowski, Biruta Velika, Joana Araújo, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Christa L. Lilly, Per Tynelius, Michael Tornaritis, Anne Juolevi, Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Carl Lachat, Kai-Uwe Saum, Espen Bjertness, Ana P. Ortiz, Joel G. R. Roy, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Michelle Holdsworth, Niels Wedderkopp, Johan Van der Heyden, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Hsien-Ho Lin, Eva Corpeleijn, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Mohammad Reza Mirjalili, Maria del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Michala Lustigová, Tuyen D Le, Teresa Norat, Hana Zamrazilová, Garry Brian, Tien Yin Wong, Rosa Haghshenas, Clive Osmond, Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Vilma Irazola, Olli T. Raitakari, Marco Aurélio Peres, Terho Lehtimäki, Shuohua Chen, Dimitrios Papandreou, Robert J. Adams, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Luisa M Macieira, Félicité Tchibindat, Lital Keinan Boker, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Morten Sodemann, Jytte Halkjær, Zbigniew Kułaga, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Farshad Farzadfar, N Capkova, Zumin Shi, Maria Turley, Zbigniew Gaciong, Giovanni Veronesi, Martin McKee, Veikko Salomaa, Gilad Twig, Elisabetta L. Romeo, Peter Kristensen, Grazyna Jasienska, Victor Guillermo Sequera, Mario V. Capanzana, Con Burns, Emanuela Pettenuzzo, Ming-Dong Wang, Jonathan Giovannelli, Stela McLachlan, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Stefania Toselli, Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto, Senthil K Vasan, Sara Schramm, Xenophon Theodoridis, Moyses Szklo, Ramfis Nieto-Martínez, Viswanathan Mohan, Guillermo Frontera, Rahul Malhotra, Thomas Ferrao, Dongfeng Gu, Tomas Vega, Hynek Pikhart, Päivi Mäki, Heba Fouad, Vilnis Dzerve, Christina Howitt, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri, Jenny M. Kindblom, Marjolijn C. E. Bragt, G. K. Mini, Qian Wang, Liufu Cui, Andrzej Galbarczyk, Sylvain Sebert, Vilmundur Gudnason, Loreto Santa Marina, Kairat Davletov, Afshin Ostovar, Niloofar Peykari, Nicholas J. Wareham, Wilma M. Hopman, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Jussi Kauhanen, Breige A. McNulty, Alina Kerimkulova, Youcef Laid, Claes Ohlsson, Stefan Kiechl, Alicia Matijasevich, Boban Mugoša, Srinivasan Kannan, Jyrki K. Virtanen, Mohan Deepa, Mangesh S. Pednekar, Shahla AlDhukair, Cynthia M. Pérez, Vera Lanska, Tint Swe Latt, Dominique Hange, João Luiz Bastos, Eliza Markidou Ioannidou, Leticia Hernandez Cadena, Maya Tanrygulyyeva, Reza Malekzadeh, Dimitrios Poulimeneas, Pedro Ordunez, Thomas Waldhör, Ioannis Pagkalos, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Abla M. Sibai, Peter Vollenweider, Asher Fawwad, Emily Sonestedt, Elena Pahomova, Santosh K. Bhargava, Patrick Kolsteren, Aya Mostafa, Fangfang Chen, Flavio Nervi, Imre Janszky, Arvind Pandey, Renata Cifkova, Alexandre C. Pereira, Alejandro Diaz, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Jaakko Mursu, Luis A. Moreno, Glen Gironella, Jelena Kos, Tilema Cama, Haakon E. Meyer, Jun Ma, Raphael E. Arku, Ziad Abdeen, Rusidah Selamat, Dianna J. Magliano, Jitendra Jonnagaddala, Konstantinos Gkiouras, Paul Korrovits, Paola Nardone, Paolo Vineis, Kotsedi D Monyeki, Khuong Quynh Long, Alberto Barceló, Camilla T. Damsgaard, Constance Schultsz, Frank J Rühli, Santiago F. Gomez, Tara Coppinger, Muhammad Islam, Pierre Traissac, Eleonora d'Orsi, Irfan Nuhoglu, Rui Providência, Bernard Maire, Leandra Abarca-Gómez, Sinead Brophy, Daniela Pierannunzio, Cristina Taddei, Wen-Harn Pan, Gregor Starc, Abdullah Alkandari, Saeed Dastgiri, Lien Braeckevelt, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Sudhir Kowlessur, Bagher Larijani, Cynthia Robitaille, Mohamed M. Ali, Steiner Krokstad, Noor Ani Ahmad, Anar Dushpanova, Agustinus Soemantri, Susana Sans, Ionela Pascanu, Gwenaëlle Le Coroller, Inger Ariansen, Abhijit Sen, Sergej M. Ostojic, Silvana Donoso, Felix K. Assah, Juan A Rivera, Peter H. Whincup, Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea, Hanan F. Abdul Rahim, Yadlapalli S. Kusuma, Michael Knoflach, Moein Yoosefi, Cassiano Ricardo Rech, Paul Ferdinand M. Reganit, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Francesco Gianfagna, Stefania Maggi, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Behrooz Hamzeh, Bethlehem D. Solomon, Herman Borghs, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Heidi Klakk, Akram Pourshams, Naomi S. Levitt, Miquel Porta, Vesna Jureša, Alexander D. Deev, Son Thai Pham, Paula Margozzini, Silvia Bel-Serrat, Dora Romaguera, Monira Alarouj, Winsome R. Parnell, Marloes Cardol, David Faeh, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Giota Touloumi, Maryam Kavousi, Sanja Musić Milanović, Jalila El Ati, Sauli Herrala, Liang Xu, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Ian Hambleton, Stefan Savin, Andre Pascal Kengne, R. Krishna Kumar, Kurt Widhalm, Marco M Ferrario, Parisa Amiri, Yi Song, Jianfeng Wu, Jeannette Klimont, Jean Ferrières, Farhad Zamani, Shina Avi, Luis Paulo Gomes Mascarenhas, Aluísio J D Barros, Reecha Sofat, Koen Van Herck, Hoang Van Minh, Enrique Gutiérrez-González, Martine Vrijheid, Susana Cararo Confortin, Antonis Zampelas, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Ausra Petrauskiene, Juha Auvinen, Maryam Sharafkhah, Emanuel Zitt, Majid Ezzati, Young-Ho Khang, Ellina Rakhimova, Magdalena Klimek, Luís Lopes, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Maria Lc Iurilli, Günay Can, Mark Woodward, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Mauro Virgílio Gomes de Barros, Ahmed A. Madar, Rainford J. Wilks, Shoaib Afzal, Melanie J. Cowan, Gareth Stratton, Eduardo Salazar Martinez, Sameer Narake, Norie Sawada, Li Juan Wu, Adrian Richter, Licia Iacoviello, Hanno Ulmer, Deepak Amarapurkar, Mohsen Ibrahim, Hamed Pouraram, Massimo Salvetti, Hung-Kwan So, Yonghua Hu, Lars Ängquist, Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran, Charles Lunogelo, Sabina Zambon, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, Lauren Lissner, Kamarul Imran Musa, Deepa Weerasekera, Bihungum Bista, Takafumi Ishida, Ekaterina Chikova-Iscener, Mirjam M. Heinen, Tazeen H. Jafar, Semánová Csilla, Raija Korpelainen, Edward W. Gregg, Laura Gutierrez, Victor M. Herrera, Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Shouling Wu, Jennifer L. Baker, Clicerio González-Villalpando, Irene G. M. van Valkengoed, Anna Fijałkowska, Meghnath Dhimal, Murat Topbaş, George Moschonis, Robert Eggertsen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Janette Walton, Elnaz Faramarzi, Nasheeta Peer, Radka Taxová Braunerová, Harald Geiger, Morteza Shamshirgaran, Lela Shengelia, María Ángeles Dal Re Saavedra, Khem Bahadur Karki, Timothy J. Key, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Susana Vale, Bernhard O. Boehm, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Iveta Pudule, Elisabete Ramos, Lacramioara Aurelia Brinduse, Paul H. Lee, Terence W O'Neill, Javad Aghazadeh-Attari, Margus Punab, Bojan Jelaković, Eliza Cinteza, Ha Tp Do, and Alison J. Hayes
Subjects: education.field_of_study, business.industry, Population, Distribution (economics), medicine.disease, Obesity, Geography, medicine, Underweight, medicine.symptom, education, business, Body mass index, Demography
Published: 2020

20. Self-reported psychological distress among caregivers of patients with cancer: Findings from a health facility-based study in Vietnam 2019

Author: Ta Nhat Anh, Vu Thu Trang, Nguyen Viet Hung, Nguyen Thi Mai Lan, Nguyen Hiep Thuong, Dao Thi Dieu Linh, Hoang Van Minh, Tran Thi Phung, Nguyen Xuan Long, Nguyen Van Hieu, Nguyen Bao Ngoc, and Nguyen Thi Thang
Subjects: caregivers, medicine.medical_specialty, Health Psychology in Vietnam-Report of Empirical Study, business.industry, lcsh:BF1-990, Cancer, Psychological distress, medicine.disease, Mental health, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, 0302 clinical medicine, lcsh:Psychology, psychological distress, Vietnam, Health facility, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, cancer, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Psychiatry
Abstract: In Vietnam, little is elucidated in scientific literatures about the mental health of caregivers of people with cancer. We conducted a cross-sectional study to report the situation and correlates of self-reported psychological distress among caregivers of cancer patients in Vietnam in 2019. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were performed. A total of 16.5% of the study participants had psychological distress. Respondent’s mean score of negative emotion was 7.6 ± 2. Educational level and type of support were significantly associated with having psychological distress among caregivers. Gender, occupation, financial difficulty, treatment belief and social support significantly correlated to psychological distress level of caregivers.
Published: 2020

21. Effectiveness of clinical breast examination as a ‘stand-alone’ screening modality: an overview of systematic reviews

Author: Ciaran O'Neill, Michael Donnelly, Nga T. Q. Nguyen, Tran Thu Ngan, and Hoang Van Minh
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Breast cancer mortality, Scopus, MEDLINE, Breast Neoplasms, lcsh:RC254-282, LMICs, 03 medical and health sciences, Breast cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Genetics, Humans, Medicine, Mammography, 030212 general & internal medicine, Early Detection of Cancer, Clinical breast examination, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Breast Self-Examination, Systematic reviews, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Checklist, Survival Rate, Systematic review, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Family medicine, Female, business, Research Article
Abstract: Background There is uncertainty about the effectiveness of clinical breast examination (CBE) and conflicting recommendations regarding its usefulness as a screening tool for breast cancer. This paper provides an overview of systematic reviews that assessed the effectiveness of CBE as a ‘stand-alone’ screening modality for breast cancer compared to no screening and focused on its value in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews reporting the effectiveness of CBE published prior to October 29, 2019. The main outcomes assessed were mortality and down staging. The AMSTAR 2 checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of the reviews including risk of bias. Results Eleven systematic reviews published between 1993 and 2019 were identified. There was no direct evidence that CBE reduced breast cancer mortality. Indirect evidence suggested that a well-performed CBE achieved the same effect as mammography regarding mortality despite its apparently lower sensitivity (40–69% for CBE vs 77–95% for mammography). Greater sensitivity was recorded among younger and Asian women. Moreover, CBE contributed between 17 and 47% of the shift from advanced to early stage cancer. Conclusions CBE merits attention from health system and service planners in LMICs where a national screening programme based on mammography would be prohibitively expensive. In particular, it is likely that considerable value would be gained from conducting implementation scientific research in countries with large numbers of Asian women and/or where younger women are at higher risk. Registration PROSPERO, registration number CRD42019126798.
Published: 2020

22. Patterns of behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Vietnam: A narrative scoping review

Author: Nguyen Van Huy, Dang Kim Khanh Ly, Kim Bao Giang, Vu Thu Trang, Tran Thu Ngan, Vu Dung, Nguyen Xuan Long, Hoang Van Minh, and Nguyen Thuy Duyen
Subjects: lifestyle, Tobacco use, Population, lcsh:BF1-990, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Behavioral risk, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Environmental health, Medicine, Narrative, 030212 general & internal medicine, Salt intake, education, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Critical Review, Risk factor (computing), non-communicable diseases, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, lcsh:Psychology, risk factor, Vietnam, Sustainability, business, Alcohol consumption
Abstract: This review describes both magnitude and patterns of major behavioral risk factors for NCDs. Positive changes in tobacco use were identified, though this is far to meet the established expectation. Harmful alcohol consumption was reported, especially for males. Only small proportion of the population consumed an adequate amount of fruits and vegetables daily. Average salt intake was approximately doubled, in comparison to WHO’s recommendations. Physical activity has shifted gradually negatively, but future trends are unpredictable. An organized surveillance system should be developed initially with adequate tools and public resources to maintain and ensure sustainability over time.
Published: 2020

23. Prevalence of smoking among health science students in Vietnam in 2018 and associated factors: A cross-sectional study

Author: Nguyen Thanh Huong, Bui Phuong Linh, Dang Huong Giang, Quan Bich Diep, Ngo Thi Thu Hien, Pham Ngoc Hung, Duong Hoang An, Hoang Gia Thu, Kim Bao Giang, Nguyen Xuan Long, Pham Thanh Tung, Nguyen Huu Tu, Nguyen H. Dung, Duong Viet Tuan, Hoang Van Minh, Pham Tien Nam, and Dao Thi Dieu Linh
Subjects: Cross-sectional study, lcsh:BF1-990, Report of Empirical Study, smoking, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, health behaviour, health psychology, Health science, Environmental health, Global health, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Depression (differential diagnoses), 030505 public health, students, business.industry, Health behaviour, anxiety, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Health psychology, lcsh:Psychology, depression, Anxiety, medicine.symptom, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract: Smoking is a global health problem among health science students. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of smoking and to examine associated factors among health science students from five universities in Vietnam. Among 5946 participants (95.0% response rate), the smoking prevalence was 19.2% (95% CI:17.4–21.0%) among male students and 2.9% (95% CI:2.4–3.5%) among female students. In the multivariable regression models, significant factors for smoking were the perceived financial burden, the respondent’s year in university, a non-self-determined motivation profile, self-reported depression and/or anxiety, the level of vigorous physical activity, and alcohol drinking.
Published: 2020

24. A qualitative assessment of factors influencing implementation and sustainability of evidence-based tobacco use treatment in Vietnam health centers

Author: Ann M. Nguyen, Donna Shelley, Nam Nguyen, Nancy VanDevanter, Milkie Vu, Trang Quynh Nguyen, and Hoang Van Minh
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Evidence-based practice, Health Informatics, Health informatics, Health administration, 03 medical and health sciences, Tobacco Use, 0302 clinical medicine, Health care, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Health policy, Qualitative Research, Community Health Workers, lcsh:R5-920, Medical education, 030505 public health, business.industry, CFIR, Health Policy, Public health, Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Health services research, General Medicine, Tobacco Use Disorder, Tobacco cessation, Vietnam, Sustainability, Implementation, Implementation research, lcsh:Medicine (General), 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract: Background Effective strategies are needed to increase implementation and sustainability of evidence-based tobacco dependence treatment (TDT) in public health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Our two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial (VQuit) found that a multicomponent implementation strategy was effective in increasing provider adherence to TDT guidelines in commune health center (CHCs) in Vietnam. In this paper, we present findings from a post-implementation qualitative assessment of factors influencing effective implementation and program sustainability. Methods We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews (n = 52) with 13 CHC medical directors (i.e., physicians), 25 CHC health care providers (e.g., nurses), and 14 village health workers (VHWs) in 13 study sites. Interviews were transcribed and translated into English. Two qualitative researchers used both deductive (guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research) and inductive approaches to analysis. Results Facilitators of effective implementing of TDT included training and point-of-service tools (e.g., desktop chart with prompts for offering brief counseling) that increased knowledge and self-efficacy, patient demand for TDT, and a referral system, available in arm 2, which reduced the provider burden by shifting more intensive cessation counseling to a trained VHW. The primary challenges to sustainability were competing priorities that are driven by the Ministry of Health and may result in fewer resources for TDT compared with other health programs. However, providers and VHWs suggested several options for adapting the intervention and implementation strategies to address challenges and increasing engagement of local government committees and other sectors to sustain gains. Conclusion Our findings offer insights into how a multicomponent implementation strategy influenced changes in the delivery of evidence-based TDT. In addition, the results illustrate the dynamic interplay between barriers and facilitators for sustaining TDT at the policy and community/practice level, particularly in the context of centralized public health systems like Vietnam’s. Sustaining gains in practice improvement and clinical outcomes will require strategies that include ongoing engagement with policymakers and other stakeholders at the national and local level, and planning for adaptations and subsequent resource allocations in order to meet the World Health Organization’s goals promoting access to effective treatment for all tobacco users. Trial registration NCT02564653, registered September 2015
Published: 2020

25. Improvement in Compliance With Smoke-Free Environment Regulations at Hotels and Restaurants in Vietnam After an Administrative Intervention

Author: Kidong Park, Nguyen Tuan Lam, Hoang Van Minh, Pham Bich Diep, Momoe Takeuchi, Pham Thi Quynh Nga, Nguyen Thi Diem Huong, and Kim Bao Giang
Subjects: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, restaurants, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Smoking prevalence, 01 natural sciences, compliance, Compliance (psychology), hotel, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Intervention (counseling), Environmental health, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Secondhand smoke, Smoke-free environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, intervention, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Original Research, lcsh:GE1-350, Smoke, High prevalence, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, Pollution, business
Abstract: Introduction: Vietnam is among the countries with the highest smoking prevalence among male adults, as well as high prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure at indoor places. In many countries, including Vietnam, exposure to tobacco smoking is greatest in restaurants/bars and hotels. This study aims to analyze the compliance of hotels and restaurants to smoke-free environment regulations before and after an intervention. Methods: Direct observations were done at the receptions, conference rooms, designated smoking areas, restaurants, and lobbies of 140 hotels and the dining rooms, kitchens, and toilets of 160 restaurants before and after an intervention. The intervention was a training course conducted by police officers followed by 3 monthly supervision visits by police officers. Compliance with smoke-free enviornment regulations was observed and assessed to generate a compliance score for each location and overall. Tobit regression was used to examine the relationship between compliance scores and the intervention and other variables such as hotel and restaurant characteristics. Results: Before the intervention, the highest compliance rates were found for “no tobacco advertisement” and “no cigarette selling” regulations (95%-100%) in almost all sites in hotels and restaurants. The lowest compliance rates were found for “having nonsmoking signs.” The rate of compliance with all regulations was only 5% for hotels and 0.06% of restaurants. Improvement after intervention was clearly observed, in the rate of compliance with all regulations by more hotels (15.7%) and overall compliance scores of hotels and restaurants. Conclusions: The intervention with participation of the police officers proved to be effective in improving compliance with smoke-free regulations. It is recommended to continue this intervention in the same areas as well as to expand the intervention to other areas.
Published: 2020

26. The Utilization of Maternal Healthcare Services Among Ethnic Minority Populations in Vietnam

Author: Nguyen Thanh Ha, Bui Thi My Anh, Duong Minh Duc, Nguyen Thi Thu Trang, Khuong Quynh Long, Bui Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen Thi Thuy Nga, Doan Thi Thuy Duong, Cao Huu Quang, Phung Thanh Hung, and Hoang Van Minh
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Sociology and Political Science, Vietnamese, Ethnic group, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Health facility, Pregnancy, Health care, Epidemiology, medicine, Ethnicity, Humans, Maternal Health Services, 030212 general & internal medicine, Minority Groups, 030505 public health, business.industry, Health Policy, Multilevel model, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Prenatal Care, Odds ratio, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, language.human_language, Disadvantaged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Vietnam, Anthropology, language, Female, 0305 other medical science, business, Demography
Abstract: Previous studies have observed lower utilization of maternal healthcare services by ethnic minority groups in Vietnam compared with the majority Kinh community. This study sought to assess the utilization of maternal healthcare service–associated factors within 12 ethnic minority groups. The cross-sectional study enrolled 996 women from 12 ethnic minority groups in Vietnam in 2019. Women had pregnancy outcomes in the last 5 years. The two variables for maternal healthcare utilization were [1] a minimum of four antenatal contacts and [2] health facility–based delivery. We examined the association of individual characteristics of maternal healthcare services using multilevel modeling. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. This nationally representative study found that 34.1% of women from ethnic minority backgrounds had four or more antenatal contacts during pregnancy, ranging from 8.3% in Mong community to 80.2% in Cham An Giang. Most of the women (94.4%) delivered at health facilities. Factors independently correlated with having fewer than four antenatal contacts included being illiterate, early marriage, unemployment, religious affiliation, household economy, and distance to the nearest health facility. Factors significantly associated with home delivery were living in the most disadvantaged areas and having fewer than four antenatal contacts. Substantial inequity exists in antenatal coverage both within ethnic minority groups and between socio-economic groups. The low coverage of having at least four antenatal contacts and its’ correlates with facility-based delivery suggests that the government should focus efforts on increasing the number of antenatal contacts for ethnic minority women.
Published: 2020

27. Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Indoor Workplaces in Viet Nam and Associated Factors: Findings from Two Rounds of Global Adult Tobacco Surveys (GATS) 2010 and 2015

Author: Nguyen Tuan Lam, Pham Thi Quynh Nga, Mina Kashiwabara, Phan Thi Hai, Doan Thi Thu Huyen, Kim Bao Giang, Hoang Van Minh, Nguyen The Quan, Luong Ngoc Khue, and Kidong Park
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Time Factors, genetic structures, Adolescent, complex mixtures, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, Tobacco Use, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Secondhand tobacco smoke, Surveys and Questionnaires, Prevalence, Medicine, Humans, Poisson regression, Secondhand smoke, Workplace, health care economics and organizations, business.industry, Viet nam, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 030104 developmental biology, Smoke-Free Policy, Vietnam, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Air Pollution, Indoor, symbols, Female, Smoking Cessation, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, business
Abstract: Objectives This paper explores changes in the level of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at indoor workplaces between 2010 and 2015 in Viet Nam and the association between the exposure and various demographic factors, using data from Viet Nam's Global Adult Tobacco Surveys (GATS) 2010 and 2015. Methods Data was pooled from the two GATS surveys and analysed using descriptive and Poisson regression analyses. Results There was a highly statistically significant reduction in the level of SHS exposure at indoor workplaces from 55.9% to 42.6% (p.
Published: 2020

28. Experiences of accessing and using breast cancer services in Vietnam: a descriptive qualitative study

Author: Chris Jenkins, Michael Donnelly, Liam J. Murray, Nguyen Bao Ngoc, Ho Thi Hien, Tran Thu Ngan, Nguyen Hoang Anh, Lynne Lohfeld, and Hoang Van Minh
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, global health, Breast Neoplasms, breast tumours, Global Health, Health Services Accessibility, Social support, Breast cancer, breast cancer, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, medicine, Global health, Humans, Social determinants of health, skin and connective tissue diseases, Qualitative Research, international health services, business.industry, Public health, Cancer, Social Support, General Medicine, medicine.disease, vietnam, Vietnam, Family medicine, qualitative, oncology, Medicine, Female, Health Services Research, Descriptive research, business, Qualitative research
Abstract: ObjectivesTo understand, describe and analyse the experiences of women with breast cancer in Vietnam when accessing and using breast cancer services.DesignDescriptive qualitative study. Women were interviewed about their experiences from the first time they became aware of symptoms or changes to their body through treatment and post-treatment. This study is the first descriptive study on breast cancer in Vietnam from the perspective of women with a breast cancer diagnosis.ParticipantsWomen (n=13) who had completed or were still receiving treatment for breast cancer, purposively recruited from the north and south of Vietnam.ResultsAn analysis of the experiences of women with breast cancer in Vietnam revealed a lack of awareness and knowledge about breast cancer and symptoms. Family and social support were described as key factors influencing whether a woman accesses and uses breast cancer services. Cost of treatment and out-of-pocket expenditures limited access to services and resulted in significant financial challenges for women and their families.ConclusionsVietnam has made huge strides in improving cancer care, and is tackling a complex and expanding public health challenge, however, there are a number of areas requiring strengthening and future research. While Vietnam has successfully expanded social health insurance coverage, changes that increase the percentage of costs covered for specific treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, could benefit women and their families.
Published: 2020

29. Multilevel Analysis of 24-Hour Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Associated Factors among Police Officers in Hanoi, Vietnam

Author: Phan Van Mai, Dao Thi Minh An, Luu Ngoc Minh, Hoang Van Minh, Luu Ngoc Hoat, Dinh Thai Son, and Do Thi Thanh Toan
Subjects: Adult, Male, Article Subject, Population, Blood Pressure, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Heart Rate, Environmental health, Heart rate, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Weather, education.field_of_study, Risk behaviour, General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, Multilevel model, General Medicine, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, Middle Aged, Multilevel regression, Police, Blood pressure, Vietnam, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory, Female, business, Body mass index, Working environment, Research Article
Abstract: Background. Due to long-hour outdoor working environment, policemen have been subjected to tremendous health risks including blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). In tropical countries, the temperature is extremely harsh which may get peak at above 40 Celsius degrees or drops under 8 Celsius degrees. However, the existing data on the effects of weather variation on BP and HR among police task force has been scarce in Vietnam. Aims. This study aimed to describe the variation of 24-hour BP and HR and identify factors associated with BP and HR for further appropriate interventions in order to reduce health risks from occupational exposure. Methods. Multilevel regression analysis (MLRA) was applied with two levels of influent factors. 24-hour holter measured systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and HR values were the first level which should then be nested in the second level (individual). 24-hour temperature and humidity variations were extracted, respectively, from Hanoi Hydrometeorology Department. All individual characteristics and risk behaviours were measured within 24 studying hours. Results. Temperature and humidity were major factors that influenced (74%-78%) the variation of BP and HR among the policemen population. When each of the Celsius degree temperature or percentage humidity increases, the SBP goes down by 0.44 (0.11-0.77) and by 0.2 (0.33-0.77), respectively, and the DBP goes down by 0.21 (-0.05-0.48) and by 0.12 (0.02-0.22), respectively, and vice versa. Interaction between temperature and humidity was significantly influent to SBP. The farther the time section from the first time section (0-6AM) the more the variation of the BP and HR. Transition from winter to summer made SBP and DBP decrease and vice versa. Individual characteristics including body mass index (BMI), bad life styles, and stress contributed 22% to 26% to the variation of BP and HR. Traffic policemen were at the greatest risks of the outdoor ambient variation in comparison with the firefighters and office-based policemen. Conclusion. Designing and equipping appropriate uniform and outdoor facilities could help to reduce influence of temperature and humidity variation in the outdoor workplace. Besides, training and educating programs that aimed at controlling BMI, risk behaviours, and stress for police taskforce, especially the traffic policemen, should be implemented.
Published: 2020
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30. Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes among Children Aged 11-14 Years Old in Vietnam

Author: Vuong Van Do, Hoang Van Minh, Duong H Phan, Long Q Khuong, and Hung T Nguyen
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Adolescent, Article Subject, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, Prediabetic State, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes mellitus, Epidemiology, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prediabetes, Child, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Glucose meter, medicine.disease, Impaired fasting glucose, RC648-665, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Vietnam, Female, business, Body mass index, Research Article
Abstract: Aim. Diabetes in children is becoming more prevalent in some countries. However, in most countries, little is known about the epidemiology of this disease. This study is aimed at estimating the prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and prediabetes among children in Vietnam and examining factors associated with the conditions. Methods. A total of 2880 students aged 11-14 years old were recruited for the survey, using a school-based and nationally representative sampling frame. Capillary blood samples of participants were collected to measure fasting glucose level, using glucose meter OneTouch Verio Pro+. Diabetes and impaired fasting plasma glucose were initially diagnosed based on the cut-off points of the American Diabetes Association criteria. Diabetes status and type of diabetes of participants were confirmed at a hospital. Additionally, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were conducted following a standardized procedure. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between outcome and independent variables. Results. The overall prevalence of diabetes among the participants was 1.04‰ (three cases), with 2 cases (0.75‰) diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (one known and one newly diagnosed) and 1 case newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (0.35‰). The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 6.1%. Body mass index, place of residence, and age were found to be significantly associated with the impaired fasting glucose condition in participants. Conclusion. The prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children in Vietnam is lower than that in some other countries reported recently. However, there is a high prevalence in impaired fasting glucose, requiring attention from policymakers to take action to prevent the occurrence of the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in children in the future.
Published: 2020

31. Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

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Naser, Ahmed, Soheir H, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira, Ajlouni, Kamel, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M, Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alarouj, Monira, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M, Alkandari, Abdullah, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Allin, Kristine, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N, Amiri, Parisa, Amougou, Norbert, Amouyel, Philippe, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Angquist, Lars, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K, Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K, Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F, Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V, Jorgensen, Maja Baeksgaard, Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R, Baran, Joanna, 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Zampelas, Antonis, Zamrazilova, Hana, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Zaw, Ko Ko, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhao, Wenhua, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zocalo, Yanina, Cisneros, Julio Zuniga, Zuziak, Monika, Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (ESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 774548, Reproductive Origins of Adult Health and Disease (ROAHD), Rodriguez-Martinez A, Zhou B, Sophiea MK, Bentham J, Paciorek CJ, Iurilli ML, Carrillo-Larco RM, Bennett JE, Di Cesare M, Taddei C, Bixby H, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Cowan MJ, Savin S, 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Juresa V., Kaaks R., Kaducu F.O., Kafatos A., Kajantie E.O., Kalmatayeva Z., Kalter-Leibovici O., Kameli Y., Kanala K.R., Kannan S., Kapantais E., Karki K.B., Katibeh M., Katz J., Katzmarzyk P.T., Kauhanen J., Kaur P., Kavousi M., Kazakbaeva G.M., Keil U., Keinan Boker L., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S., Kelishadi R., Kelleher C., Kemper H.C., Keramati M., Kerimkulova A., Kersting M., Key T., Khader Y.S., Khalili D., Khaw K.-T., Kheiri B., Kheradmand M., Khosravi A., Khouw I.M., Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U., Kiechl S., Killewo J., Kim D.W., Kim H.C., Kim J., Kindblom J.M., Klakk H., Klimek M., Klimont J., Klumbiene J., Knoflach M., Koirala B., Kolle E., Kolsteren P., Konig J., Korpelainen R., Korrovits P., Korzycka M., Kos J., Koskinen S., Kouda K., Kovacs V.A., Kowlessur S., Koziel S., Kratzer W., Kriemler S., Kristensen P.L., Krokstad S., Kromhout D., Krtalic B., Kruger H.S., Kubinova R., Kuciene R., Kujala U.M., Kujundzic E., Kulaga Z., Kumar R.K., Kunesova M., Kurjata P., Kusuma Y.S., Kuulasmaa K., Kyobutungi C., La Q.N., Laamiri F.Z., Laatikainen T., Lachat C., Laid Y., Lam T.H., Lambrinou C.-P., Landais E., Lanska V., Lappas G., Larijani B., Latt T.S., Lauria L., Lazo-Porras M., Le Nguyen Bao K., Le Port A., Le T.D., Lee J., Lee P.H., Lehmann N., Lehtimaki T., Lemogoum D., Levitt N.S., Li Y., Liivak M., Lilly C.L., Lim W.-Y., Lima-Costa M.F., Lin H.-H., Lin X., Lin Y.-T., Lind L., Linneberg A., Lissner L., Litwin M., Liu J., Liu L., Lo W.-C., Loit H.-M., Long K.Q., Lopes L., Lopes O., Lopez-Garcia E., Lopez T., Lotufo P.A., Lozano J.E., Lukrafka J.L., Luksiene D., Lundqvist A., Lundqvist R., Lunet N., Lunogelo C., Lustigova M., Luszczki E., Ma G., Ma J., Ma X., Machado-Coelho G.L., Machado-Rodrigues A.M., Machi S., Macieira L.M., Madar A.A., Maggi S., Magliano D.J., Magnacca S., Magriplis E., Mahasampath G., Maire B., Majer M., Makdisse M., Maki P., Malekzadeh F., Malhotra R., Mallikharjuna Rao K., Malyutina S.K., Maniego L.V., Manios Y., Mann J.I., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Manzato E., Margozzini P., Markaki A., Markey O., Markidou Ioannidou E., Marques-Vidal P., Marques L.P., Marrugat J., Martin-Prevel Y., Martin R., Martorell R., Martos E., Marventano S., Mascarenhas L.P., Masoodi S.R., Mathiesen E.B., Mathur P., Matijasevich A., Matsha T.E., Mavrogianni C., Mazur A., Mbanya J.C.N., McFarlane S.R., McGarvey S.T., McKee M., McLachlan S., McLean R.M., McLean S.B., McNulty B.A., Mediene-Benchekor S., Medzioniene J., Mehdipour P., Mehlig K., Mehrparvar A.H., Meirhaeghe A., Meisfjord J., Meisinger C., Menezes A.M.B., Menon G.R., Mensink G.B., Menzano M.T., Mereke A., Meshram I.I., Metspalu A., Mi J., Michaelsen K.F., Michels N., Mikkel K., Milkowska K., Miller J.C., Minderico C.S., Mini G.K., Miquel J.F., Mirjalili M.R., Mirkopoulou D., Mirrakhimov E., Misigoj-Durakovic M., Mistretta A., Mocanu V., Modesti P.A., Moghaddam S.S., Mohajer B., Mohamed M.K., Mohamed S.F., Mohammad K., Mohammadi Z., Mohammadifard N., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohan V., Mohanna S., Mohd Yusoff M.F., Mohebbi I., Mohebi F., Moitry M., Molbo D., Mollehave L.T., Moller N.C., Molnar D., Momenan A., Mondo C.K., Monroy-Valle M., Monterrubio-Flores E., Monyeki K.D.K., Moosazadeh M., Moreira L.B., Morejon A., Moreno L.A., Morgan K., Morin S.N., Mortensen E.L., Moschonis G., Mossakowska M., Mostafa A., Mota-Pinto A., Mota J., Motlagh M.E., Motta J., Moura-dos-Santos M.A., Mridha M.K., Msyamboza K.P., Mu T.T., Muc M., Mugosa B., Muiesan M.L., Mukhtorova P., Muller-Nurasyid M., Murphy N., Mursu J., Murtagh E.M., Musa K.I., Music Milanovic S., Musil V., Mustafa N., Nabipour I., Naderimagham S., Nagel G., Naidu B.M., Najafi F., Nakamura H., Namesna J., Nang E.E.K., Nangia V.B., Nankap M., Narake S., Nardone P., Nauck M., Neal W.A., Nejatizadeh A., Nelis K., Nelis L., Nenko I., Neovius M., Nervi F., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen D., Nguyen Q.N., Nieto-Martinez R.E., Nikitin Y.P., Ning G., Ninomiya T., Nishtar S., Noale M., Noboa O.A., Nogueira H., Norat T., Nordendahl M., Nordestgaard B.G., Noto D., Nowak-Szczepanska N., Nsour M.A., Nuhoglu I., Nurk E., O'Neill T.W., O'Reilly D., Obreja G., Ochimana C., Ochoa-Aviles A.M., Oda E., Oh K., Ohara K., Ohlsson C., Ohtsuka R., Olafsson O., Olinto M.T.A., Oliveira I.O., Omar M.A., Onat A., Ong S.K., Ono L.M., Ordunez P., Ornelas R., Ortiz A.P., Ortiz P.J., Osler M., Osmond C., Ostojic S.M., Ostovar A., Otero J.A., Overvad K., Owusu-Dabo E., Paccaud F.M., Padez C., Pagkalos I., Pahomova E., Paiva K.M.D., Pajak A., Palli D., Palloni A., Palmieri L., Pan W.-H., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Panza F., Papandreou D., Park S.-W., Park S., Parnell W.R., Parsaeian M., Pascanu I.M., Pasquet P., Patel N.D., Pednekar M.S., Peer N., Peixoto S.V., Peltonen M., Pereira A.C., Peres M.A., Perez-Farinos N., Perez C.M., Peterkova V., Peters A., Petersmann A., Petkeviciene J., Petrauskiene A., Pettenuzzo E., Peykari N., Pham S.T., Pichardo R.N., Pierannunzio D., Pigeot I., Pikhart H., Pilav A., Pilotto L., Pistelli F., Pitakaka F., Piwonska A., Pizarro A.N., Plans-Rubio P., Poh B.K., Pohlabeln H., Pop R.M., Porta M., Posch G., Poudyal A., Poulimeneas D., Pouraram H., Pourfarzi F., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Pradeepa R., Price A.J., Price J.F., Providencia R., Puder J.J., Pudule I., Puhakka S.E., Puiu M., Punab M., Qasrawi R.F., Qorbani M., Quoc Bao T., Radic I., Radisauskas R., Rahimikazerooni S., Rahman M., Raitakari O., Raj M., Rakhimova E., Rakhmatulloev S., Rakovac I., Ramachandra Rao S., Ramachandran A., Ramke J., Ramos E., Ramos R., Rampal L., Rampal S., Rarra V., Rascon-Pacheco R.A., Rasmussen M., Rech C.R., Redon J., Reganit P.F.M., Regecova V., Revilla L., Rezaianzadeh A., Ribas-Barba L., Ribeiro R., Riboli E., Richter A., Rigo F., Rinaldo N., Rinke de Wit T.F., Rito A., Ritti-Dias R.M., Rivera J.A., Robitaille C., Roccaldo R., Rodrigues D., Rodriguez-Artalejo F., Rodriguez-Perez M.D.C., Rodriguez-Villamizar L.A., Roggenbuck U., Rojas-Martinez R., Rojroongwasinkul N., Romaguera D., Romeo E.L., Rosario R.V., Rosengren A., Rouse I., Roy J.G., Rubinstein A., Ruhli F.J., Ruidavets J.-B., Ruiz-Betancourt B.S., Ruiz Moreno E., Rusakova I.A., Russell Jonsson K., Russo P., Rust P., Rutkowski M., Sabanayagam C., Sacchini E., Sachdev H.S., Sadjadi A., Safarpour A.R., Safi S., Safiri S., Saidi O., Saki N., Salanave B., Salazar Martinez E., Salmeron D., Salomaa V., Salonen J.T., Salvetti M., Samoutian M., Sanchez-Abanto J., Sandjaja, Sans S., Santa Marina L., Santos D.A., Santos I.S., Santos L.C., Santos M.P., Santos O., Santos R., Santos Sanz S., Saramies J.L., Sardinha L.B., Sarrafzadegan N., Sathish T., Saum K.-U., Savva S., Savy M., Sawada N., Sbaraini M., Scazufca M., Schaan B.D., Schaffrath Rosario A., Schargrodsky H., Schienkiewitz A., Schindler K., Schipf S., Schmidt C.O., Schmidt I.M., Schnohr P., Schottker B., Schramm S., Schroder H., Schultsz C., Schutte A.E., Sebert S., Sein A.A., Selamat R., Sember V., Sen A., Senbanjo I.O., Sepanlou S.G., Sequera V., Serra-Majem L., Servais J., Sevcikova L., Shalnova S.A., Shamah-Levy T., Shamshirgaran M., Shanthirani C.S., Sharafkhah M., Sharma S.K., Shaw J.E., Shayanrad A., Shayesteh A.A., Shengelia L., Shi Z., Shibuya K., Shimizu-Furusawa H., Shin D.W., Shin Y., Shirani M., Shiri R., Shrestha N., Si-Ramlee K., Siani A., Siantar R., Sibai A.M., Silva A.M., Silva D.A.S., Simon M., Simons J., Simons L.A., Sjoberg A., Sjostrom M., Skodje G., Slowikowska-Hilczer J., Slusarczyk P., Smeeth L., So H.-K., Soares F.C., Sobek G., Sobngwi E., Sodemann M., Soderberg S., Soekatri M.Y., Soemantri A., Sofat R., Solfrizzi V., Somi M.H., Sonestedt E., Song Y., Sorgjerd E.P., Sossa Jerome C., Soto-Rojas V.E., Soumare A., Sovic S., Sparboe-Nilsen B., Sparrenberger K., Spinelli A., Spiroski I., Staessen J.A., Stamm H., Stathopoulou M.G., Staub K., Stavreski B., Steene-Johannessen J., Stehle P., Stein A.D., Stergiou G.S., Stessman J., Stevanovic R., Stieber J., Stockl D., Stocks T., Stokwiszewski J., Stoyanova E., Stratton G., Stronks K., Strufaldi M.W., Sturua L., Suarez-Medina R., Suka M., Sun C.-A., Sundstrom J., Sung Y.-T., Sunyer J., Suriyawongpaisal P., Swinburn B.A., Sy R.G., Syddall H.E., Sylva R.C., Szklo M., Szponar L., Tai E.S., Tammesoo M.-L., Tamosiunas A., Tan E.J., Tang X., Tanser F., Tao Y., Tarawneh M.R., Tarp J., Tarqui-Mamani C.B., Taxova Braunerova R., Taylor A., Taylor J., Tchibindat F., Tebar W.R., Tell G.S., Tello T., Thankappan K.R., Theobald H., Theodoridis X., Thijs L., Thomas N., Thuesen B.H., Ticha L., Timmermans E.J., Tjonneland A., Tolonen H.K., Tolstrup J.S., Topbas M., Topor-Madry R., Torheim L.E., Tormo M.J., Tornaritis M.J., Torrent M., Torres-Collado L., Toselli S., Traissac P., Tran T.T.-H., Trichopoulos D., Trichopoulou A., Trinh O.T., Trivedi A., Tshepo L., Tsigga M., Tsugane S., Tuliakova A.M., Tulloch-Reid M.K., Tullu F., Tuomainen T.-P., Tuomilehto J., Turley M.L., Tynelius P., Tzotzas T., Tzourio C., Ueda P., Ugel E., Ukoli F.A., Ulmer H., Unal B., Usupova Z., Uusitalo H.M., Uysal N., Vaitkeviciute J., Valdivia G., Vale S., Valvi D., van Dam R.M., Van der Heyden J., van der Schouw Y.T., Van Herck K., Van Minh H., van Valkengoed I.G., Vanderschueren D., Vanuzzo D., Varbo A., Varela-Moreiras G., Varona-Perez P., Vasan S.K., Vega T., Veidebaum T., Velasquez-Melendez G., Velika B., Veronesi G., Verschuren W.M., Victora C.G., Viegi G., Viet L., Villalpando S., Vineis P., Vioque J., Virtanen J.K., Visser M., Visvikis-Siest S., Viswanathan B., Vladulescu M., Vlasoff T., Vocanec D., Volzke H., Voutilainen A., Voutilainen S., Vrijheid M., Vrijkotte T.G., Wade A.N., Wagner A., Waldhor T., Walton J., Wambiya E.O., Wan Bebakar W.M., Wan Mohamud W.N., Wanderley Junior R.D.S., Wang M.-D., Wang N., Wang Q., Wang X., Wang Y.X., Wang Y.-W., Wannamethee S.G., Wareham N., Weber A., Wedderkopp N., Weerasekera D., Weghuber D., Wei W., Weres A., Werner B., Whincup P.H., Widhalm K., Widyahening I.S., Wiecek A., Wilks R.J., Willeit J., Willeit P., Williams J., Wilsgaard T., Wojtyniak B., Wong-McClure R.A., Wong A., Wong J.E., Wong T.Y., Woo J., Woodward M., Wu F.C., Wu J., Wu L.J., Wu S., Xu H., Xu L., Yaacob N.A., Yamborisut U., Yan W., Yang L., Yang X., Yang Y., Yardim N., Yaseri M., Yasuharu T., Ye X., Yiallouros P.K., Yoosefi M., Yoshihara A., You Q.S., You S.-L., Younger-Coleman N.O., Yusof S.M., Yusoff A.F., Zaccagni L., Zafiropulos V., Zakavi S.R., Zamani F., Zambon S., Zampelas A., Zamrazilova H., Zapata M.E., Zargar A.H., Zaw K.K., Zdrojewski T., Zeljkovic Vrkic T., Zeng Y., Zhang L., Zhang Z.-Y., Zhao D., Zhao M.-H., Zhao W., Zhen S., Zheng W., Zheng Y., Zholdin B., Zhou M., Zhu D., Zocalo Y., Zuniga Cisneros J., Zuziak M., and Ezzati M.
Subjects: Male, body-mass index, ADULTHOOD, Adolescents, pituuskasvu, Pediatrics, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Child Development, nuoret, Public health surveillance, Medicine, Health Status Indicators, 10. No inequality, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Body mass index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801, General Medicine, Body mass indexes, kansainvälinen vertailu, 3. Good health, Geography, Health, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Child, Preschool, Medical and Health sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https], medicine.medical_specialty, School-aged adolescents, Socio-culturale, lapset (ikäryhmät), Nursing, territories, ravinto, purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3 [https], 03 medical and health sciences, School Children, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Humans, school-aged children and adolescents, Montenegro, education, Science & Technology, Omvårdnad, Health sciences, Medical and Health sciences, Ciências médicas e da saúde, Bayes Theorem, Anthropometry, Adolescent Development, medicine.disease, TRENDS, Height and Body-mass Index, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, UNDERNUTRITION, Height index trajectories, Height, body mass index, children , epidemiology, risk factors, growth, Stature, Demography, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Internationality, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Body-mass index trajectories, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, risk factors, countries, EPIDEMIOLOGY, height, children, adolescents, BMI, 030212 general & internal medicine, painoindeksi, Child development, 2. Zero hunger, Medicine(all), School age child, obestity children cardiovascular, Population Health, 1. No poverty, Pediatrik, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Pooled analysis, NUTRITION, Female, medicine.symptom, pooled analysis, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, terveys, height, BMI, nutrition, health, children, adolescents, Adolescent, growth, Population, body-mass, Population based, Body-mass index, Young Adult, Medicine, General & Internal, Meta-Analysis as Topic, General & Internal Medicine, parasitic diseases, Weight gain, School-aged childrens, Age trajectories, business.industry, Height, Weight, Body Height, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Malnutrition, ONSET, Ciências da Saúde, Ciências médicas e da saúde, School-aged children, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, Social medicine: 801, business, terveysriskit, Estilos de Vida e Impacto na Saúde
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents., METHODS: For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence., FINDINGS: We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls., INTERPRETATION: The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks., Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme, EU., peer-reviewed
Published: 2020

32. Climate Variability and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Hanoi, Viet Nam, During 2008 to 2015

Author: Tran Nu Quy Linh, Tran Thi Tuyet-Hanh, Tran Mai Kien, Nguyen Huu Quyen, Le Thi Thanh Huong, Nguyen Nhat Cam, Hoang Van Minh, Tran Khanh Long, Dang Thi Kim Hanh, Joacim Rocklöv, and Mikkel Quam
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, business.industry, Climate Change, Public health, 030231 tropical medicine, Viet nam, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, virus diseases, medicine.disease, Dengue fever, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Vietnam, Environmental health, medicine, Humans, Severe Dengue, 030212 general & internal medicine, Epidemics, business, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DF/DHF) has been an important public health challenge in Viet Nam and worldwide. This study was implemented in 2016-2017 using retrospective secondary data to explore associations between monthly DF/DHF cases and climate variables during 2008 to 2015. There were 48 175 DF/DHF cases reported, and the highest number of cases occurred in November. There were significant correlations between monthly DF/DHF cases with monthly mean of evaporation ( r = 0.236, P < .05), monthly relative humidity ( r = −0.358, P < .05), and monthly total hours of sunshine ( r = 0.389, P < .05). The results showed significant correlation in lag models but did not find direct correlations between monthly DF/DHF cases and monthly average rainfall and temperature. The study recommended that health staff in Hanoi should monitor DF/DHF cases at the beginning of epidemic period, starting from May, and apply timely prevention and intervention measures to avoid the spreading of the disease in the following months. A larger scale study for a longer period of time and adjusting for other potential influencing factors could better describe the correlations, modelling/projection, and developing an early warning system for the disease, which is important under the impacts of climate change and climate variability.
Published: 2018

33. Health Service Utilization Among People With Noncommunicable Diseases in Rural Vietnam

Author: Jong Koo Lee, Kim Bao Giang, Tran Thi Huong, Hoang Van Minh, Juhwan Oh, Nguyen Van Huy, Luu Ngoc Hoat, Nguyen Bao Ngoc, Dinh Thai Son, and Nguyen Minh Hoang
Subjects: Adult, Male, Rural Population, Adolescent, Cross-sectional study, MEDLINE, Ethnic group, Context (language use), Odds, Interviews as Topic, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Health care, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Noncommunicable Diseases, Socioeconomic status, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chi-Square Distribution, business.industry, 030503 health policy & services, Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Health Services, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Cross-Sectional Studies, Vietnam, Female, Self Report, Rural area, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract: Context Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have been shown to be major causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitals for the whole country. Objective This study aims to describe the situation of health service utilization among people with NCDs in a rural area and identify association between the situation of health service utilization among people with chronic diseases and their socioeconomic status. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Setting A rural district located in the North of Vietnam. Participants People 15 years of age and older. Health service utilization was analyzed only among people who reported having NCD. Main outcome measures Data were collected through a personal household interview conducted by 12 trained field workers. The dependent variable is health care service utilization among people with chronic NCDs. The explanatory variables include both household attributes such as household economic conditions, and so forth, and individual characteristics. Results Eighteen percent of the adults and 51% of the elderly respondents reported having at least 1 of the NCDs. The proportions of people with NCDs who used at least 1 outpatient service and used at least 1 inpatient health service during the last 12 months were 68.1% and 10.7%, respectively (the nonutilization rates of 31.9% and 89.3%, respectively). The statistically significant correlates of health care service utilization among people with NCDs were ethnicity (ethnic minority was significantly associated with a lower odds of health care service utilization) and health insurance (no health insurance was significantly associated with lower odds of health care service utilization). Conclusion Given the evidence from this study, actions to improve access to health care services among people with NCDs are clearly needed. The capacity of primary health care system for the prevention and control of NCDs should be ranked a top priority.
Published: 2018

34. Costs of providing tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment services in Viet Nam

Author: Nguyen Thuy Duyen, Hoang Van Minh, Nguyen Bao Ngoc, Vu Quynh Mai, L H Chung, Tran Bich Phuong, Vu Duy Kien, N V Nhung, Pham Huyen Khanh, L V Hoi, Tran Tuan Anh, Kim Bao Giang, and Tran Thu Ngan
Subjects: Adult, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Tuberculosis, 030231 tropical medicine, Antitubercular Agents, Gross domestic product, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Health facility, Tuberculosis diagnosis, Latent Tuberculosis, Environmental health, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant, Isoniazid, medicine, Per capita, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Activity-based costing, health care economics and organizations, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Viet nam, medicine.disease, Regimen, Infectious Diseases, Vietnam, Costs and Cost Analysis, Health Facilities, business
Abstract: Objective To estimate the cost of providing tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment packages at different levels of health facilities in Viet Nam. Design This was a retrospective costing study from the providers' perspective using a standard costing approach. We included typical services for TB diagnosis and treatment based on standard protocols. Results The least expensive TB service was the 6-month isoniazid preventive therapy regimen for latent tuberculous infection provided by district health centres (US$7.20-14.30, accounting for 0.3-0.7% of Viet Nam's per capita gross domestic product [GDP] of US$2052.30 in 2014). The cost of diagnosing and treating a patient with drug-susceptible TB (the most common type of TB) ranged between US$51.20 and US$180.70, and represented 2.5-8.8% of Viet Nam's per capita GDP in 2014. The most expensive TB service was the diagnosis and treatment of a multidrug-resistant TB case (US$1568.20-2391.20), accounting for 76.4-116.5% of Viet Nam's per capita GDP in 2014). Conclusion The cost of TB diagnosis and treatment services in Viet Nam varied according to level of health facility, type of TB, different costing options, and different staff cost scenarios.
Published: 2017

35. Capacity of Commune Health Stations in Chi Linh District, Hai Duong Province, for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases

Author: Tran Quynh Anh, Nguyen Thi Thuy Nga, Bui Thi My Anh, Tran Bich Phuong, Vu Duy Kien, Dang Minh Diem, Hoang Van Minh, and Nguyen Nguyen Ngoc
Subjects: Capacity Building, Primary Health Care, Traditional medicine, business.industry, 030503 health policy & services, Control (management), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Primary health care, Primary care, World health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Vietnam, Environmental health, Chronic Disease, Health care, Humans, Medicine, Community Health Services, Rural Health Services, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0305 other medical science, business, National budget, Qualitative Research
Abstract: The primary health care system in Vietnam has been playing an important role in prevention and control of diseases. This study aimed to describe the capacity of commune health stations in Chi Linh district, Hai Duong province for prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). A mixed-methods (quantitative and qualitative approaches) approach was applied to collect data in 20 commune health stations. The participants, including health workers, stakeholders, and patients with NCDs, were selected for the study. The findings reported that the main activities of prevention and control of NCDs at commune health stations (CHSs) still focused on information-education-community (IECs), unqualified for providing screening, diagnosis, and treatments of NCDs. The capacity for prevention and control of NCDs in CHSs was inadequate to provide health care services related to prevention and control of NCDs and unmet with the community’s demands. In order to ensure the role and implementation of primary care level, there is an urgent need to improve the capacity of CHSs for prevention and control of NCDs, particularly a national budget for NCDs prevention and control, the essential equipment and medicines recommended by the World Health Organization should be provided and available at the CHSs.
Published: 2017

36. Prevalence of tobacco smoking in Vietnam: findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2015

Author: Hoang Van Minh, Kim Bao Giang, Nguyen Bao Ngoc, Phan Thi Hai, Doan Thi Thu Huyen, Luong Ngoc Khue, Nguyen Tuan Lam, Pham Thi Quynh Nga, Nguyen The Quan, and Nguyen Thi Xuyen
Subjects: Adult, Male, Rural Population, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Tobacco use, Adolescent, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Environmental health, Prevalence, Tobacco Smoking, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Systematic sampling, Tobacco Products, Middle Aged, Vietnam, Female, Rural area, business, Tobacco product
Abstract: We report the prevalence of tobacco smoking among adult populations in Vietnam, 2015. The Vietnam GATS 2015 was a nationally representative survey. 9513 households were selected using two-stage random systematic sampling method. Handheld computers were used for capturing data. Data collection was carried-out by National Statistics Office of Vietnam in 2015. Weight was used in all estimates. The Vietnam GATS 2015 found that the prevalence of smoking in Vietnam was 22.5% overall, 45.3% among men, and 1.1% among women. The overall 2015–2010 reduction in prevalence of any tobacco product was 5.3%. However, the reduction was not statistically significant. The significant reduction in prevalence of tobacco smoking was found for any type of cigarette (−8.4%), and especially for hand-rolled cigarettes (−38.3%). The use of cigarettes significantly decreased in urban areas (−14.7%). The reduction in the prevalence of tobacco smoking in Vietnam during the last 5 years (2010–2015) has not been as high as expected, especially in rural areas. Further efforts are needed to continue to reduce the harms caused by tobacco smoking.
Published: 2017

37. Scientific Evidence for Cancer Control in Vietnam

Author: Xiao-Ou Shu, Tran Van Thuan, and Hoang Van Minh
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Evidence-Based Medicine, business.industry, MEDLINE, Neoplasms therapy, Hematology, General Medicine, Prognosis, Survival Analysis, Scientific evidence, Editorial, Oncology, Cancer control, Vietnam, Neoplasms diagnosis, Family medicine, Neoplasms, Special Collection on Cancers in Vietnam: Burden and Control Efforts, medicine, Humans, Female, business, Introductory Journal Article
Published: 2019

38. Establishing a tobacco control fund in Vietnam: some learnings for other countries

Author: Doan Thi Thu Huyen, Tran Thu Ngan, Lisa Wood, and Hoang Van Minh
Subjects: Economic growth, 030505 public health, Health (social science), Financial Management, business.industry, Best practice, Control (management), Tobacco control, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Context (language use), Funding Mechanism, Tobacco Products, 03 medical and health sciences, Tobacco Use, 0302 clinical medicine, Vietnam, Critical success factor, Tobacco, Milestone (project management), Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Business, 0305 other medical science, Human resources, health care economics and organizations
Abstract: In response to the need for stable and adequate funding for tobacco control and the shortage of personnel working in the field, the Vietnam Tobacco Control Fund (VNTCF) was established through the Law on Prevention and Control of Tobacco Harms in 2012. In September 2014, VNTCF awarded its first set of grants. Built on the local evidence-based context and needs as well as lessons learnt from other countries, VNTCF adapted best practices with adjustments that fit the country’s political, economic and social environment. The key strengths of the VNTCF are the evidence-based model; multisectoral management; clearly dedicated funding mechanism, defined vision, objectives and function; outcomes based mechanism and a multisectoral approach to releasing grants. Although several challenges remain such as insufficient human resources to undertake the workload, complex and cumbersome administrative processes, and limited capacity for tobacco control in the country, VNTCF has achieved several successes. The establishment of VNTCF in Vietnam is a critical milestone within the country’s fight against the tobacco epidemic. It showed not only the commitment of the local authorities to the fight but also their determination to ensure sustainable funding for tobacco control activities in Vietnam. Analysing VNTCF’s critical success elements, key strengths and challenges is helpful for other countries which want to establish or modify a tobacco control fund.
Published: 2019

39. Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures Among Insured and Uninsured Patients in Vietnam

Author: Bui Thi My Anh, Hoang Van Minh, Nguyen Duc Thanh, and Chu Huyen Xiem
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, 030231 tropical medicine, Insurance Coverage, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Health facility, Ambulatory care, Universal Health Insurance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health care, medicine, Health insurance, Ambulatory Care, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, media_common, Aged, Medically Uninsured, Insurance, Health, Inpatient care, Universal health insurance, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Middle Aged, Payment, Hospitalization, Vietnam, Family medicine, Insurance status, Child, Preschool, Female, Health Expenditures, business
Abstract: Out-of-pocket expenditure/payment (OOP) is one of the indicators measuring the achievement of Universal Health Coverage. This article aimed to compare OOP among the insured and uninsured for their outpatient and inpatient health care services. The data of 6710 individuals using outpatient care and 924 individuals using inpatient care at 78 district hospitals and 246 commune health centers in 6 provinces from the World Bank survey, “The 2015 Vietnam District and Commune Health Facility,” were used for analysis. In the ordinary least square model, the estimated coefficient of the insurance status variable suggested that insurance reduced OOP by 31.1% for outpatient care and 31.5% for inpatient care of the insured as compared with the uninsured ( P
Published: 2019

40. Strengthening breast cancer services in Vietnam: a mixed-methods study

Author: Hoang Van Minh, Chris Jenkins, Tran Thu Ngan, Lynne Lohfeld, Michael Donnelly, Nguyen Bao Ngoc, Tran Bich Phuong, and Liam J. Murray
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Epidemiology, Vietnamese, Qualitative property, 03 medical and health sciences, Breast cancer screening, Health systems, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Nursing, Breast Cancer, Health care, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, NCDs, Cancer, Service (business), medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Research, 030503 health policy & services, Health Policy, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, Overcrowding, medicine.disease, language.human_language, Vietnam, language, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract: BackgroundIncidence of breast cancer has increased in Vietnam over the past two decades, but little data exists to inform policy and planning. This study examined the organisation and delivery of breast cancer services in Vietnam in order to address the lack of data on detection, diagnosis and treatment.MethodsWe gathered quantitative and qualitative data using an adapted survey-based Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool and semi-structured interviews from healthcare providers in 69 healthcare facilities about the experience and challenges of delivering breast cancer services. We conducted our study across four levels of the health system in three provinces in Vietnam.ResultsThe analysis of our data show that a number of areas require strengthening particularly in relation to service availability and service readiness. Firstly, healthcare providers across all levels of the health system reported that service provision was constrained by a lack of resources both in relation to health infrastructure and training for healthcare providers. Secondly, access to timely diagnosis and treatment is limited due to services only being available at the top two levels of the health system. Women living outside the immediate vicinity of such facilities tend to find access more costly and time-consuming, and there is a need to investigate the social, economic, geographic and cultural barriers that may prevent women from accessing services.ConclusionsOur study suggests that there is a need to strengthen lower levels of the Vietnamese health system in relation to the detection of breast cancer. Provision of some services such as clinical breast examination, advice on self-examination, and conducting ultrasound tests (supported with appropriate training and capacity-building of healthcare providers) at commune and district levels of the health system may reduce the overcrowding and service-delivery burden experienced in provincial and national-level hospitals. Empowering lower levels of the health system to conduct breast cancer screening, which is currently undertaken on an ad hoc basis through higher-level facilities, is likely to improve access to services for women.
Published: 2019

41. Prevalence and correlates of multimorbidity among adults in border areas of the Central Highland Region of Vietnam, 2017

Author: Bui Thi Thu Ha, Hoang Van Minh, Nguyen Van Chuyen, Nguyen Van Ba, Tran Quoc Dai, Pham Gia Khanh, Le Bach Quang, Nguyen Thuy Quynh, and Duong Minh Duc
Subjects: business.industry, 030503 health policy & services, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, Multimorbidity, socioeconomic, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Vietnam, Medicine, Original Article, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0305 other medical science, Socioeconomics, business, Socioeconomic status, Central Highland Region
Abstract: Introduction: The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity (MM) among adults in the Central Highland Region (a poor region) of Vietnam in 2017 and to identify the sociodemographic correlates of these conditions. Methods: We used data from a cross-sectional study conducted in 2018 on health status among people in four provinces in the Central Highlands Region (Tay Nguyen) of Vietnam. A sample of 1680 adults (aged 15 years and older) were randomly selected for this study. Respondents were asked whether they had been told by a health worker that they had cancer, heart and circulatory conditions, chronic joint problems, chronic pulmonary diseases, chronic kidney problems, chronic digestive problems, psychological illness, diabetes, and/or other chronic conditions. Results: The prevalence of MM among the study participants was 16.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 14.6%–18.2%). By looking at the 95% CIs, the differences in MM prevalence between the groups classified by gender, age, education, and occupation were not statistically significant. Only the difference in MM prevalence between farmers and government staff was statistically significant. Multivariate logistic analyses show education and occupations were shown to be significant correlates of MM. Conclusion: MMs were quite common among the adult populations in the study area, especially among people with lower socioeconomic status. Given the evidence, actions to reduce levels of MM in the setting are clearly urgent. The interventions should address all people in society, with focus on disadvantaged groups, like those with lower education and farmers.
Published: 2019

42. Improving household surveys and use of data to address health inequities in three Asian cities: protocol for the Surveys for Urban Equity (SUE) mixed methods and feasibility study

Author: Hilary J. Wallace, Tim Ensor, Rumana Huque, Radheshyam Bhattarai, Junnatul Ferdoush, Subash Gajurel, Caroline Tait, David Wong, Saidur Rahman Mashreky, Joseph P. Hicks, James N Newell, Tolib Mirzoev, Rajeev Dhungel, Chris Cartwright, Duong Minh Duc, Shammi Nasreen, Bao Tran Ngoc, Sudeepa Khanal, Dana R. Thomson, Shraddha Manandhar, Ak Narayan Poudel, Tarana Ferdous, Hoang Van Minh, Sushil Baral, and Helen Elsey
Subjects: Adult, Male, Asia, household survey methods, Urban Population, Global Health, 03 medical and health sciences, Survey methodology, city planning, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Urban planning, Urbanization, Surveys and Questionnaires, 11. Sustainability, Global health, Protocol, Medicine, Humans, Public Health Surveillance, 030212 general & internal medicine, Socioeconomics, injuries, Aged, 030505 public health, Poverty, business.industry, 1. No poverty, General Medicine, Health Status Disparities, urban slum, Middle Aged, Mental health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, depression, Feasibility Studies, Cluster sampling, Female, 0305 other medical science, business, Slum
Abstract: IntroductionAs rapid urbanisation transforms the sociodemographic structures within cities, standard survey methods, which have remained unchanged for many years, under-represent the urban poorest. This leads to an overly positive picture of urban health, distorting appropriate allocation of resources between rural and urban and within urban areas. Here, we present a protocol for our study which (i) tests novel methods to improve representation of urban populations in household surveys and measure mental health and injuries, (ii) explores urban poverty and compares measures of poverty and ‘slumness’ and (iii) works with city authorities to understand, and potentially improve, utilisation of data on urban health for planning more equitable services.Methods and analysisWe will conduct household surveys in Kathmandu, Hanoi and Dhaka to test novel methods: (i) gridded population sampling; (ii) enumeration using open-access online maps and (iii) one-stage versus two-stage cluster sampling. We will test reliability of an observational tool to categorise neighbourhoods as slum areas. Within the survey, we will assess the appropriateness of a short set of questions to measure depression and injuries. Questionnaire data will also be used to compare asset-based, consumption-based and income-based measures of poverty. Participatory methods will identify perceptions of wealth in two communities in each city. The analysis will combine quantitative and qualitative findings to recommend appropriate measures of poverty in urban areas. We will conduct qualitative interviews and establish communities of practice with government staff in each city on use of data for planning. Framework approach will be used to analyse qualitative data allowing comparison across city settings.Ethics and disseminationEthical approvals have been granted by ethics committees from the UK, Nepal, Bangladesh and Vietnam. Findings will be disseminated through conference papers, peer-reviewed open access articles and workshops with policy-makers and survey experts in Kathmandu, Hanoi and Dhaka.
Published: 2018

43. Potential health impacts of increasing the cigarette tax in Viet Nam

Author: Tran Thu Ngan, Hoang Van Minh, Nguyen Thuy Duyen, Nguyen Bao Ngoc, P. T. Hai, and D. T. Son
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Adult, Male, Adolescent, Vietnamese, Public policy, Public Policy, Smoking Prevention, World health, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, health care economics and organizations, Aged, Consumption (economics), Public economics, business.industry, 030503 health policy & services, Viet nam, Tobacco control, Smoking, Commerce, Tobacco Products, Middle Aged, Taxes, language.human_language, Infectious Diseases, Vietnam, language, Christian ministry, Female, 0305 other medical science, business, Health impact assessment
Abstract: Background Even after the implementation of MPOWER, Viet Nam's cigarette tax remains only 36% of the retail price. This falls short of the World Health Organization's (WHO's) recommendation that the tax share be 70% of the retail price. Objective To assess the health impact of different levels of cigarette taxation by estimating the impact on reducing tobacco consumption and smoking-attributable deaths (SADs). Methods A static model was developed based on a previous study by Jha et al. The model calculates the reduction in tobacco consumption, estimating the number of SADs averted and savings in health-related costs. The scenarios for increasing cigarette taxes were aligned with the Viet Nam Tobacco Tax Simulation Model developed by the WHO and the Vietnamese Ministry of Finance. Results Four scenarios proposed by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Health would prevent an estimated 63 339-581 165 SADs, equivalent to mortality costs of US$577-5296 million. In the ideal scenario, 6 258 361 SADs would be prevented and would save US$57.0 billion. Future young smokers would see the greatest health benefits of increasing the cigarette tax. Conclusion Increasing the cigarette tax could reduce the substantial health impact of tobacco use, and further result in significant financial savings across society. Viet Nam should support efforts to further increase the cigarette tax following WHO recommendations.
Published: 2018

44. Trends in Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure Levels at Home among Viet Nam School Children Aged 13-15 and Associated Factors

Author: Doan Thi Thu Huyen, Luong Ngoc Khue, Nguyen Tuan Lam, Hoang Van Minh, Duong Khanh Van, Phan Thi Hai, Kim Bao Giang, Nguyen Thuy Linh, and Pham Thi Quynh Nga
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cancer Research, Adolescent, Epidemiology, Protective factor, Logistic regression, Tobacco smoke, Odds, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Environmental health, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, business.industry, Smoking, Tobacco control, Viet nam, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental Exposure, Tobacco Use Disorder, Environmental exposure, humanities, Vietnam, Oncology, Population Surveillance, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, business
Abstract: Second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure at home, especially among children, is a serious issue in Viet Nam. During the past decade, much effort has been taken for tobacco control in the country, including various prgorammes aiming to reduce SHS exposure among adults and children. This article analysed trends and factors associated with SHS exposure at home among school children aged 13-15 in Viet Nam, using the Global Youth Tobacco Surveys conducted in 2007 and 2014. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods with logistic regression were applied. Overall, there was a significant reduction in the level of exposure, from 58.5% (95%CI: 57.6-59.3) in 2007 to 47.1% (95%CI: 45.4-48.8) in 2014. Of the associated factors, having one or both parents smoking was significantly associated with the highest odds of SHS exposure at home (OR=5.0; 95%CI: 4.2-6.1). Conversely, having a mother with a college or higher education level was found to be a protective factor (OR=0.5; 95%CI: 0.3-0.8).
Published: 2016

45. Potential Impact of Graphic Health Warnings on Cigarette Packages in Reducing Cigarette Demand and Smoking-Related Deaths in Vietnam

Author: Le Hong Chung, Hoang Van Minh, Ha Anh Duc, Nguyen Manh Cuong, Nguyen Duc Hinh, Jui-Chen Yang, Duong M. Duc, Kim Bao Giang, Vu Quynh Mai, and Pham Duc Manh
Subjects: Adult, Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Cancer Research, Time Factors, Adolescent, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Smoking Prevention, Discrete choice experiment, Health knowledge, Health Promotion, Product Labeling, Smoking prevalence, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Intervention (counseling), Environmental health, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Potential impact, business.industry, 030503 health policy & services, Smoking, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Tobacco Use Disorder, Middle Aged, Survival Rate, Premature death, Health promotion, Vietnam, Oncology, Smoking cessation, Female, Smoking Cessation, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract: Two years after implementation of the graphic health warning intervention in Vietnam, it is very important to evaluate the intervention's potential impact. The objective of this paper was to predict effects of graphic health warnings on cigarette packages, particularly in reducing cigarette demand and smoking-associated deaths in Vietnam. In this study, a discrete choice experiment (DCE) method was used to evaluate the potential impact of graphic tobacco health warnings on smoking demand. To predict the impact of GHWs on reducing premature deaths associated with smoking, we constructed different static models. We adapted the method developed by University of Toronto, Canada and found that GHWs had statistically significant impact on reducing cigarette demand (up to 10.1% through images of lung damage), resulting in an overall decrease of smoking prevalence in Vietnam. We also found that between 428,417- 646,098 premature deaths would be prevented as a result of the GHW intervention. The potential impact of the GHW labels on reducing premature smoking-associated deaths in Vietnam were shown to be stronger among lower socio-economic groups.
Published: 2016

46. Cigarette Smoking among Adolescents aged 13-15 in Viet Nam and Correlates of Current Cigarette Smoking: Results from GYTS 2014 Data

Author: Le Thi Huong, Doan Thi Thu Huyen, Nguyen Ngoc Dung, Phan Thi Hai, Nga Thi Thu Vu, Pham Thi Quynh Nga, Nguyen Tuan Lam, Hoang Van Minh, Kim Bao Giang, Luong Ngoc Khue, and Le Thi Thanh Xuan
Subjects: Male, Cancer Research, Time Factors, Adolescent, Epidemiology, Psychological intervention, Logistic regression, Smoking behavior, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cigarette smoking, Surveys and Questionnaires, Environmental health, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Smoking Reduction, 030505 public health, business.industry, Smoking, Viet nam, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Tobacco Use Disorder, Confidence interval, Smoking epidemiology, Vietnam, Oncology, Adolescent Behavior, Population Surveillance, Female, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to report the rate of current and ever cigarette smoking and explore correlates of current cigarette smoking among adolescents aged 13-15 in Viet Nam. This analysis was derived from GYTS survey, which comprised of 3,430 adolescents aged 13-15, conducted in 2014 in 13 cities and provinces of Viet Nam. We calculated the weighted rates of current and ever cigarette smoking and reported patterns of smoking behavior. We also performed logistic regression to explore correlates of current cigarette smoking behavior. The weighted rate of ever cigarette smoking was 9.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.5 %-10.5%), in which the weighted rate among males (15.4%; 95% CI: 13.6%-17.0%) was higher than that among females (4.2%; 95% CI: 3.3%-5.1%). The weighted rate of current cigarette smoking was relatively low at 2.5% (95%CI: 2.0%- 3.0%) with higher weighted rate among males (4.9%; 95% CI: 3.8%-5.9%) compared to the corresponding figure among females (0.2%; 95% CI: 0.0 %-0.5%). Current cigarette smoking was significantly higher among males than females, in students aged 15 versus 13 years old, and in students who had several or all close friends smoking and students with daily observation of smoking at school. For greater smoking reduction outcomes, we recommend that tobacco interventions for adolescents should consider targeting more male students at older ages, establish stricter adherence to school-based banning of cigarette smoking, engage both smoking and nonsmoking adolescents and empower adolescents to resist peer smoking influence as well as changing their norms or beliefs towards smoking benefits.
Published: 2016

47. Changes in Co-Occurrence of Smoking and Harmful Drinking among Youth: a Study from the Chi Linh Demographic - Epidemiological Surveillance System in Vietnam, 2006-2013

Author: Hoang Van Minh, Duong M. Duc, Le Thi Vui, and Nguyen Thuy Quynh
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cancer Research, Time Factors, Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking, Epidemiology, Psychological intervention, 030508 substance abuse, Harmful drinking, Logistic regression, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Health problems, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Environmental health, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, Longitudinal Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Child, Drinking behaviour, business.industry, Smoking, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Co-occurrence, Tobacco Use Disorder, Vietnam, Oncology, Adolescent Behavior, Population Surveillance, Epidemiological surveillance, Female, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract: Smoking and harmful drinking dramatically increase health risks but little is known about their cooccurrence and factors that influence this co-habit, limiting development and implementation of appropriately targeted prevention interventions. This study was conducted among youth aged 10-24 years old in the Chi Linh Demographic - Epidemiological Surveillance System (CHILILAB DESS). The total numbers in the first, second and third rounds in 2006, 2009 and 2013 were 12,406, 10,211, and 7,654, respectively. A random-effects logit model controlling for both time-variant and time-invariant variables was applied to explore factors associated with current smoking, harmful drinking, and occurrence of smoking and harmful drinking together. We found dramatically increasing trends in current smoking, harmful drinking and co-occurrence among youth. Our results indicate similar health problems among youth in peri-urban areas in Vietnam. Demographic characteristics (older age, being male, being unmarried, and having informal work) appeared to be predictors for smoking and drinking behaviour. Besides, peer and family members had significant influence on smoking, whereas having a close-friend who was smoking was the most important variable. The results suggested that smoking and harmful drinking should not be solved with separate, stand-alone interventions but rather with integrated efforts.
Published: 2016

48. Changes and inequalities in early birth registration and childhood care and education in Vietnam: findings from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, 2006 and 2011

Author: Kim Bao Giang, Juhwan Oh, Luu Ngoc Hoat, Hoang Van Minh, Chul Ou Lee, Vu Duy Kien, and Sugy Choi
Subjects: Male, Rural Population, Early childhood education, inequality, Urban Population, birth record, childhood education, 030231 tropical medicine, Ethnic group, Schools, Nursery, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, school admission, Ethnicity, Humans, Medicine, Registries, 030212 general & internal medicine, Social determinants of health, Child Care, Healthcare Disparities, Socioeconomics, Socioeconomic status, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, business.industry, Health Policy, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Infant, Newborn, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Attendance, Infant, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, lcsh:RA1-1270, childhood care, Millennium Development Goals, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Socioeconomic Factors, Vietnam, Birth Certificates, Child, Preschool, Special Issue: Millennium Development Goals in Vietnam: the Progress and Social Determinants, Original Article, Female, Residence, business, Demography
Abstract: Introduction : Early birth registration, childhood care, and education are essential rights for children and are important for their development and education. This study investigates changes and socioeconomic inequalities in early birth registration and indicators of care and education in children aged under 5 years in Vietnam. Design : The analyses reported here used data from the Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) in 2006 and 2011. The sample sizes in 2006 and 2011 were 2,680 and 3,678 for children under 5 years of age. Four indicators of childcare and preschool education were measured: birth registration, possession of books, preschool education attendance, and parental support for early childhood education. The concentration index (CI) was used to measure inequalities in gender, maternal education, geographical area, place of residence, ethnicity, and household wealth. Results : There were some improvements in birth registration (86.4% in 2006; 93.8% in 2011), preschool education attendance (57.1% in 2006; 71.9% in 2011), and parental support for early childhood education (68.9 and 76.8%, respectively). However, the possession of books was lower (24.7% in 2006; 19.6% in 2011) and became more unequal over time (i.e. CI=0.370 in 2006; CI=0.443 in 2011 in wealth inequality). Inequalities in the care and education of children were still persistent. The largest inequalities were for household wealth and rural versus urban areas. Conclusion : Although there have been some improvements in this area, inequalities still exist. Policy efforts in Vietnam should be directed towards closing the gap between different socioeconomic groups for the care and education of children under 5 years old. Keywords: inequality; birth record; school admission; childhood care; childhood education (Published: 29 February 2016) Citation: Glob Health Action 2016, 9 : 29470 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v9.29470 This paper is part of the Special Issue: Millennium Development Goals in Vietnam: the Progress and Social Determinants . More papers from this issue can be found at www.globalhealthaction.net
Published: 2016

49. Longitudinal Household Trends in Access to Improved Water Sources and Sanitation in Chi Linh Town, Hai Duong Province, Viet Nam and Associated Factors

Author: Tran Khanh Long, Le Thi Thanh Huong, Tran Thi Tuyet-Hanh, and Hoang Van Minh
Subjects: Sanitation, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Water source, Viet nam, lcsh:RA1-1270, General Medicine, trend, Geography, Vietnam, Work (electrical), Agriculture, CHILILAB, improved water sources, Improved sanitation, Rural area, Water resource management, Socioeconomics, business, Demographic surveillance system, Research Article, improved sanitation
Abstract: Objective: This study aims to characterize household trends in access to improved water sources and sanitaton in Chi Linh Town, Hai Duong Province, Vietnam, and to identify factors affecting those trends. Method: Data were extracted from the Chi Linh Health and Demographic Surveillance System (CHILILAB HDSS) database from 2004–2014, which included household access to improved water sources, household access to improved sanitation, and household demographic data. Descriptive statistical analysis and multinominal logistic regression were used. The results showed that over a 10-year period (2004–2014), the proportion of households with access to improved water and improved sanitation increased by 3.7% and 28.3%, respectively. As such, the 2015 Millennium Development Goal targets for safe drinking water and basic sanitation were met. However, 13.5% of households still had unimproved water and sanitation. People who are retired, work in trade or services, or other occupations were 1.49, 1.97, and 1.34 times more likely to have access to improved water and sanitation facilities than farming households, respectively (p < 0.001). Households living in urban areas were 1.84 times more likely than those living in rural areas to have access to improved water sources and improved sanitation facilities (OR =1.84; 95% CI = 1.73–1.96). Non-poor households were 2.12 times more likely to have access to improved water sources and improved sanitation facilities compared to the poor group (OR = 2.12; 95% CI = 2.00–2.25). More efforts are required to increase household access to both improved water and sanitation in Chi Linh Town, focusing on the 13.5% of households currently without access. Similar to situations observed elsewhere in Vietnam and other low- and middle- income countries, there is a need to address socio-economic factors that are associated with inadequate access to improved water sources and sanitation facilities.
Published: 2016

50. Smoking Initiation and Cessation among Youths in Vietnam: A Longitudinal Study Using the Chi Linh Demographic—Epidemiological Surveillance System (CHILILAB DESS)

Author: Hoang Van Minh, Duong M. Duc, Le Thi Vui, and Hoang Ngoc Son
Subjects: Longitudinal study, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, medicine.medical_treatment, Psychological intervention, lcsh:RA1-1270, Reproduktionsmedicin och gynekologi, General Medicine, Logistic regression, youths, smoking cessation, Adolescent population, Health problems, Smoking initiation, CHILILAB DESS, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, smoking initiation, medicine, Epidemiological surveillance, Physical therapy, Smoking cessation, business, Research Article, Demography
Abstract: Study of smoking initiation and cessation is particularly important in adolescent population because smoking prevention and cessation at this time may prevent several health consequences later in life. There is a very limited knowledge about the determinants of smoking initiation and cessation among youths in Vietnam. This limits the development and implementation of appropriately targeted anti-smoking prevention interventions. This study applied pooled data from 3 rounds of a longitudinal survey in the Chi Linh Demographic-Epidemiological Surveillance System (CHILILAB DESS) in a northern province in Vietnam to analyse the determinants of smoking initiation and cessation among youths. The total of youths in the first round, second, and third rounds was 12,406, 10,211, and 7,654, respectively. The random-effects logit model controlling for both time-variant and time-invariant variables was conducted to explore the associated factors with new smokers and quitters. We found an increase trend of new smokers (7.0% to 9.6%) and quitters (27.5% to 31.4%) during 2009-2013. Smoking initiation and cessation are the result of multifactorial influences of demographic and health behaviours and status. Demographic background (older youths, male, unmarried youths, and youths having informal work) and health behaviours and status (youths who had smoking family members and/or smoking close friends, and had harmful drinking) were more likely to initiate smoking and more difficult to quit smoking. Among these variables, youths who had smoking close-friends had the highest likelihood of both initiating smoking and failed quitting. Our results could represent the similar health problems among youths in peri-urban areas in Vietnam. Further, our findings suggested that anti-smoking interventions should involve peer intervention, integrated with the reduction of other unhealthy behaviours such as alcohol consumption, and to focus on adolescents in their very early age (10-14 years old).
Published: 2016

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