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Background A better understanding of the risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) could improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for PONV and its onset after third molar impaction surgery, and to demonstrate the importance of controlling anesthesia-related factors regardless of patient-specific factors. Methods We included patients who reported nausea and vomiting within 12 h of extubation. Patients with incomplete data, those who could not communicate, and those with gastrointestinal disorders were excluded. We evaluated patient-specific risk factors, and the use of volatile anesthetics and intraoperative fentanyl anesthetic-related factors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed taking patient background factors into account. Results In total, 182 patients who underwent disimpaction of the third molar under general anesthesia between January 2017 and December 2018 at Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, were included. Approximately 12.6% (n = 23) patients experienced PONV, with no significant difference in terms of sex, smoking status, age, and body mass index compared to patients without PONV. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed no interaction between fentanyl and volatile anesthetics. The major risk factor for PONV was the use of volatile anesthetics. Patients in whom anesthesia was maintained by volatile anesthetics were 13.35 times more likely to have PONV than those in whom total intravenous anesthesia was induced (P Conclusion Maintenance of anesthesia with volatile anesthetics is a risk factor for PONV.

A pulsed-dc discharge method for plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was developed using a constructed versatile pulsed-dc generator and a vacuum discharge chamber. Argon (Ar) gas discharge experiments were performed under a variety of discharge conditions, and plasma conditions were evaluated using optical emission spectroscopy. The developed system can perform glow discharge by employing nearly rectangular, unipolar, and high-voltage negative pulses with a wide variation of voltage amplitudes and a set discharge current, pulse repetition rate, and duty cycle. Plasma conditions could also be tuned by varying the pulse parameters. A preliminary test of the deposition of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films on silicon (Si) substrates and ultrathin pyrolytic carbon (PyC) films on nanothickness metal-catalyzed glass substrates was performed with acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) by selecting some typical deposition conditions based on the gas discharge experiments. The deposited films were characterized via Raman spectroscopy. The characteristic properties of DLC and PyC films were achieved. The DLC films demonstrated conventional hard insulating properties while the ultrathin PyC films exhibited conductive and semitransparent properties. These results revealed that the developed pulsed-dc discharge system for plasma CVD is applicable for the synthesis of insulating hard as well as soft conducting carbon thin films.

Background The systemic inflammatory response and nutritional status of patients with malignant tumors are related to postoperative results. We examined the usefulness of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) as a prognostic tool in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who underwent radical surgery. Methods From 2008 to 2019, 102 patients (73 males, 29 females; age, 65.6 ± 9.8 years) who visited our hospital and underwent surgical therapy were included in this study. The endpoint was the total survival period, and the evaluation markers included the lymphocyte count and albumin level in peripheral blood obtained 4 weeks preoperatively, age, sex, alcohol consumption, smoking history, site of the tumor, pathological stage, and surgery status. The PNI was calculated using serum albumin levels and the peripheral blood lymphocyte count. The relationship between the PNI and patient characteristics were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to evaluate the survival rate. The survival periods were compared using the log-rank method. We evaluated the prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in a logistic regression model. Results The tumor sites included the maxilla (n = 12), buccal mucosa (n = 11), mandible (n = 17), floor of the mouth (n = 9), and tongue (n = 53). The number of patients with stage I, II, III, and IV oral cancers was 28 (27.5%), 34 (27.5%), 26 (33.3%), and 14 (13.7%), respectively. During the observation period, 21 patients died of head and neck cancer. The optimal cut-off PNI value was 42.9, according to the receiver operating characteristic analysis. The proportion of patients with a short OS was lower in those with PNI higher than 42.9, and the 5-year OS in patients with PNI higher and lower than the cut-off value was 62.3% and 86.0%, respectively (P = 0.0105). Conclusions The OS of patients with PNI

In this paper, the optical properties of a frost column-like carbon nanotube (CNT) forest, a hybrid structure of carbon film and a CNT forest, in which carbon films are supported by low-density, vertically-aligned CNT forests, are reported for the first time. The frost column-like CNT forest exhibits a significant interference reflectance, which is not typically observed in conventional CNT forests. Oscillating spectra in the visible (VIS) reflectance were analyzed by simple optical interference between the substrate and carbon films. Fishnet type metamaterial patterns of catalyst films were successfully fabricated by focused ion beam (FIB) pattern processing, followed by CNT growth using a thermal catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Optical properties of fishnet-type frost column-like CNT forest were also investigated. We also found that within the infrared region, optical absorption increased with fishnet type metamaterial CNT, frost column-like CNT forest, compared with non-patterned one. These results suggested that a metamaterial effect of fishnet patterns was observed.

Pulsed DC plasma chemical vapour deposition (CVD) system with a compact vacuum chamber has been developed using a simple configured pulsed DC power supply. Pulsed DC discharge was examined with variation of operation parameters as well as source gas materials. Diamond like carbon (DLC) films were deposited on silicon (Si) substrates from acetylene (C2H2) or carbon-monoxide (CO) at two distinct temperatures. The fabricated films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results reveal that the films prepared from CO gas exhibited soft conductive DLCs with a large number of graphite like structures whereas mostly insulating hydrogenated amorphous carbon DLCs were obtained from C2H2 gas. The deposition rate from CO was lower than from C2H2 due to etching by oxygen produced from the source gas. As the substrate temperature increased, progressive graphitization was incorporated to the films deposited from both gases. By using the pulsed DC plasma CVD system, the energy efficiency for CVD as the ratio of growth volume to energy consumption was dramatically improved with some distinctive differences in film properties as compared to our previous RF plasma CVD. The results showed many advantageous features of pulsed DC plasma CVD for replacing conventional RF plasma CVD.

The incidence of accidental ingestion and aspiration of foreign body (FB) is likely to occur. Many FBs are discharged spontaneously, but many dental FBs are often sharp and may remain in the pharynx, esophagus, and stomach, causing serious complications such as hemorrhage, asphyxia, perforation of the digestive tract, mediastinal emphysema, peritonitis, and ileus. We aimed to examine which type of dental foreign bodies can be removed by endoscope.In this study, we enrolled 32 patients who were evaluated at the Emergency and Critical Center between January 2014 and December 2019 and who accidentally ingested or aspirated dental FBs. Medical records were reviewed to determine the patients' sex, age, medical history, time from accidental ingestion of a FB to consultation, cause, location, occurrence status, nature of the FB, location of retained FB, treatment, complications, and outcome.We enrolled 32 patients (14 men, 18 women), with a mean age of 74.5 ± 12.8 years. Accidental ingestion at treatment was common. The most frequent site where the FB was retained was upper gastrointestinal tract (26 cases, 81.3%). In this study, endoscopic removal was indicated for dentures under the size of 43.3 mm, for dental FB (except dentures) more than 13.6 mm. In dentures, between the number of missing teeth, clasp, type, and endoscopic removal was not statistically significant.Dentures under the size of 43.3 mm was likely to be removed by endoscope. Dental FB (except dentures) more than the size of 13.6 mm was likely to be removed by endoscope. There were no indications for endoscopic removal except for size.

In oral cancer surgery, the decision to perform a tracheotomy is often determined by the surgeon. In this study, we investigated the competency of clinical scoring systems in identifying patients who require tracheotomy and examined the degree of agreement between the surgeon's decision and the indications of various scoring systems. We identified 110 patients who were surgically treated for oral cancer. Of these, 67 patients (44 men and 23 women) who underwent resection and reconstruction were retrospectively analyzed. To derive the score, we evaluated the endpoint of the airway management score using clinical records and images. We divided the patients into two groups based on the Cameron and Gupta scores (tracheotomy and no-tracheotomy groups) and evaluated the degree of agreement with the surgeon's decision by calculating the κ coefficient. The κ coefficients of the Gupta and Cameron scores were 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–0.82) and 0.60 (95% CI: 0.38–0.82), respectively. The clinical evaluation of the κ coefficient indicated that the Cameron and Gupta scores agreed fairly with the surgeon's decision. In this study, the Cameron and Gupta scores fairly agreed with the decision of experienced surgeons and were confirmed as acceptable guides for making clinical judgments.

Electrically anisotropic one-dimensional materials, like carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have high potential to become substitutes to conventional metamaterials made of metals, and to overcome their limitations. The exceptional properties of CNT metamaterials are to be expected, mainly due to the anisotropic optical and electrical properties of the CNTs, which behave like one-dimensional nanorod antennas in the electromagnetic radiation. In this work, the infrared properties of novel CNT forest metamaterials, prepared on the patterned catalyst film are presented. The influence of the inner structure of CNT forest metamaterials, such as an orientation (horizontal and vertical), density and alignment of CNTs within the forest, are studied for the first time, in the non-polarized infrared light. The investigation of the phenomena responsible for changes of the total IR reflectance and transmittance of the patterned CNTs was carried out and showed the decrease of the total reflectance and transmittance with the improvement of the density and the alignment. Furthermore, the simulation of the anisotropic behavior of patterned CNT forest, and SRR orientation towards the electric field E were investigated for the first time and showed major changes in the transmittance, with the lowest values of transmittance achieved for y-axis anisotropy and perpendicular orientation of the SRR to the E field. Simulation results showed for the first time, that the effect of anisotropic structure can be stronger than the effect of the SRR orientation.

Microplasma discharge in sea water was investigated using a needle-to-plane electrode system with various types of needle insulation. A platinum plane electrode and a palladium needle electrode were placed with a gap of 20 $\mu \text{m}$ in the artificial sea water. A pulse current source, consisting of a MOSFET switch, a capacitance, and inductance, was used. The sea water between the electrodes performed as resistance for the current source circuit. Using the microgap configuration, microplasma discharges were reproducibly ignited under low breakdown voltages in the highly conductive sea water. In order to significantly diminish the current dispersing into the surrounding water, the needle electrode was insulated, enabling more accurate investigation of the preheating and bubble formation processes before the microplasma discharge. It was established that the microplasma discharge was ignited after formation of the bubble of size, sufficient to cover entire discharge gap between the electrodes. Influence of the needle electrode insulation on microplasma parameters was investigated.

In this work, shape-dependent mid-infrared properties of novel split ring resonator (SRR) metamaterials composed of single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) forest are investigated. The introduction of the gap and dip shape to the closed ring geometry reduced the total reflectance by 15%, due to the generation of circular currents and LC resonances in SRRs. The increase of the SRR height reduced the total IR reflectance by 25%. Unique one-dimensional anisotropic electric and photonic properties of CNTs, combined with an artificial refractive index induced in SRR circuits, will stimulate the development of new optoelectronics applications.

The trap densities (D t) in ZnO thin-film transistors (TFTs) with SiNx / SiOx stacked gate insulators fabricated using several N2O flow rate during SiOx deposition (R N2O) are extracted. It is found that the trap states consist of deep flat states and shallow tail states. The deep states are similar, whereas the tail states vary as R N2O varies. It is also found that the degree of the characteristic stability corresponds to D t of the tail states.

A long time operation of field electron emission over 45,000 h was achieved using the screen printing carbon nanotube (CNT) emitter fabricated on an ITO coated glass substrate. The measurement was carried out in an ultra-high vacuum chamber at around 3 × 10 − 7 Pa in pressure with continuously applying voltage of rectangular pulses at 743 V or 730 V peak, 60 Hz frequency and 10% duty ratio. The emission current corresponding to the voltage pulse at 1.27 mA/cm 2 density was repeatedly and reproducibly observed for more than 5 years. Because the operated condition was 10 times higher at the current density than that of the conventionally developed field emission lamps (FELs), the expected lifetime of the presented emitter will be 450,000 h though the vacuum level of the measurement was extremely higher than that of the actual operation of FELs. By investigating the morphology of the emitter after terminating the operation, it was found that sparse bundles of agglomerated CNTs were standing in the long lifetime CNT emitter.

The field emissions of the in-plane-type triode carbon nanotube emitters for the field emission backlight lamps were investigated in simulation by the finite element method in order to indicate ideal high efficient field emission fluorescent lamps (FELs). The anode current are commonly controlled by the gate bias voltages for the FEL triode emitters. The simulation of the in-plane-type triode emitter indicated that the ON/OFF ratio of the anode current density for the gate bias voltage of 0 V/−100 V was increased by decreasing the cathode to gate spacing, by decreasing the cathode and gate electrode width, and by using the lower ratio of the cathode to the gate electrode width.

The circuit design, assembly, and operating tests of a high-frequency and high-voltage (HV) pulsed dc generator (PDG) for capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) discharge inside a vacuum chamber are reported. For capacitive loads, it is challenging to obtain sharp rectangular pulses with fast rising and falling edges, requiring intense current for quick charging and discharging. The requirement of intense current generally limits the pulse operation frequency. In this study, we present a new type of PDG consisting of a pair of half-resonant converters and a constant current-controller circuit connected with HV solid-state power switches that can deliver almost rectangular high voltage pulses with fast rising and falling edges for CCP discharge. A prototype of the PDG is assembled to modulate from a high-voltage direct current (HVdc) input into a pulsed HVdc output, while following an input pulse signal and a set current level. The pulse rise time and fall time are less than 500 ns and 800 ns, respectively, and the minimum pulse width is 1 µs. The maximum voltage for a negative pulse is 1000 V, and the maximum repetition frequency is 500 kHz. During the pulse on time, the plasma discharge current is controlled steadily at the set value. The half-resonant converters in the PDG perform recovery of the remaining energy from the capacitive load at every termination of pulse discharge. The PDG performed with a high energy efficiency of 85% from the HVdc input to the pulsed dc output at a repetition rate of 1 kHz and with stable plasma operation in various discharge conditions. The results suggest that the developed PDG can be considered to be more efficient for plasma processing by CCP.

Ion implantation experiments of indium (In) into sputter-deposited undoped ZnO films were carried out to control the resistivity for n+-ZnO layers of electronic device. Improvement of ZnO crystallinity after the ion implantation was revealed by x-ray diffraction patterns including a shift of lattice parameter, enhancement of peak intensity, and a decrease in full width at half maximum in 2θ. In-implanted ZnO crystallinity was greatly improved compared to results of the Ga and Al-implanted ZnO experiments. The resistivity of 1×1016ions∕cm2 implanted ZnO film was decreased with over 11 orders of magnitude to 5.1×10−2Ωcm with postimplantation annealing at 400°C. The ratio of resistivity between unimplanted ZnO and In-implanted one at 1×1015ions∕cm2 was seven orders of magnitude after annealing at 300°C. The In-implanted ZnO would be suitable for fabricating source and drain regions of ZnO thin film transistors.

Vertically aligned, high-density (4× 109 /cm2) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with an average short height of 1.5 μm were grown directly on a Cr electrode patterned on a glass substrate at a substrate temperature below 550 °C by water-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Threshold field of the emission of the patterned grown CNT could be tuned with the pattern shape, and it was 1.8 V/μm at 1 μA/cm2 for the emitter with a hole spacing parameter of S = 20 μm. The stability of field emission of the patterned CNT emitter on glass was confirmed with continuously working more than 24 hours at a pulse current density of 70 μA/cm2 with the duty ratio of 7.5 %. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2010.336]

Transparent and conductive Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films were deposited on substrates including alkali-free glass, quartz glass, Si, and SiO 2 buffer layer on alkali-free glass by using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The effects of different substrates on the structural, electrical and optical properties of the AZO films were investigated. It was found that the crystal structures were remarkably influenced by the type of the substrates due to their different thermal expansion coefficients, lattice mismatch and flatness. The AZO film (100 nm in thickness) deposited on the quartz glass exhibited the best crystallinity, followed sequentially by those deposited on the Si, the SiO 2 buffer layer, and the alkali-free glass. The film deposited on the quartz glass showed the lowest resistivity of 5.14 × 10 − 4 Ω cm among all the films, a carrier concentration of 1.97 × 10 21 cm − 3 and a Hall mobility of 6.14 cm 2 /v·s. The average transmittance of this film was above 90% in the visible light spectrum range. Investigation into the thickness-dependence of the AZO films revealed that the crystallinity was improved with increasing thickness and decreasing surface roughness, accompanied with a decrease in the film resistivity.

In this paper, high-performance bottom-gate thin-film transistors (TFTs) with transparent zinc oxide (ZnO) channels have been developed. The ZnO film for active channels was deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. The crystallinity of the ZnO film drastically improved when it was deposited on a doublelayer SiOx/SiNx gate insulator. In order to achieve a ZnO TFT back-plane for liquid-crystal display (LCD) with the required pattern accuracy, dry etching of the ZnO film in an Ar and CH4 chemistry has been developed. The etching rate and tapered profile of the ZnO film could be controlled by the Ar content in the etching gases of Ar and CH4. The saturation mobility (musat) of the ZnO TFT strongly depended on a gate voltage. A musat of 5.2 & cm2 .(V .s)-1 at VGS = 40 V and VDS = 10 V, and an on/off-current ratio of 2.7 x 107 were obtained. A drain-current uniformity of plusmn7% was achieved within a radius of 20 mm from the substrate center. A 1.46 -in diagonal LCD with 61 600 pixels has been driven by the ZnO-TFT back-plane. A moving picture image was available on fabricated LCD driven by the ZnO TFTs.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) film was deposited on a glass substrate by rf magnetron sputtering with O2/Ar as working gases. Structural properties of the films were characterized by XRD. Average crystallite size in the films was strongly dependent on both the gas flow ratio of O2/Ar and rf-power at a constant deposition pressure. During the deposition, energetic species in the plasma were in situ monitored using optical emission spectroscopy. An inverse correlation was observed between the average crystallite size and the emission intensity ratio of I O ∗ / I Ar . Bombardment of atomic oxygen to the growing surface played an important role in determining the average crystallite size in the films. The average crystallite size could be controlled by the emission intensity ratio of I O ∗ / I Ar .

An array of very sharp emitter tips, whose top curvatures were less than 10 nm, was fabricated at the surfaces of boron (B)doped high-pressure high-temperature synthetic diamond by reactive ion etching.Electron emission from the emitter arrays was measured using a planar-diode-type I–V measurement system that can also observe a 2D mapping of emission sites by scanning an anode with a 20-mmf pinhole.The shape of each emitter was carefully observed by scanning electron microscopy.It was found that electrons were intensely emitted from the areas where sharp emitters were successfully fabricated.In certain areas, however, electrons were not at all emitted even though very sharp emitters were formed.It was inferred that the emitters were fabricated on growth sectors that had high resistivity. 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The use of long-term middle ear ventilation tubes (Paparella type II) was retrospectively analyzed in 66 ears with otitis media with effusion, in children treated at Kagawa Medical University Hospital between January 1990 and March 1998. The average intubation period was 23.9 months. The average pure tone air conduction threshold showed a remarkable improvement of between 32.7dBHL and 16.9dBHL. Otorrhea was observed in 25 ears (37.8%), obstruction in 2 ears (3.0%), granulation in 3 ears (4.5%) and permanent ear drum perforation in 11 ears (19.6%). No cholesteatma or adhesion of the ear drum was seen. Recurrence of otitis media with effusion was found in 9 of 45 ears (20.0%). In conclusion, Paparella type II tube can be placed for a long-term period and have a low rate of reccurence, but have a high rate of otorrhea and permanent ear drum perforation.

A novel method to make the sharp emitter tips having low threshold voltage of field emission was achieved using nanodiamond particles on conductive amorphous carbon films. A conductive tetrahedral amorphous (ta) carbon film and nano-sized diamond particles with the size of 50 to 200 nm were sequentially deposited by cathordic arc method using a glass substrate at room temperature. Tip structure with the height of 10 to 40 nm was formed by H2 plasma etching of the diamond particles/ta-C double layer film. The threshold voltage of the field emission from the tip structures formed by the H2 plasma etching was 3 V/μm that was significantly lower than 10.4 V/μm for the as-deposited diamond particles/ta-C double layer carbon film. This selective dry etching method using the nano-diamond particles could fabricate sharp and high density nano-sized diamond emitters on conductive ta-C films without any photo-masks of lithography processes.

Microplasma discharge in sea water for optical emission spectroscopy was investigated using a needle-to-plane electrode system. The electrodes of a Pd needle and a Pt plate were placed with a gap of 25 µm in typical artificial sea water or locally sampled natural deep sea water. A pulse current source, consisting of a MOSFET switch, a capacitor, an inductor and the resistance of the sea water between the electrodes, was used. The circuit parameters were optimized to decrease the breakdown voltage and the spark duration to suppress erosion of the electrodes. Using a microgap configuration, spark discharges were reproducibly ignited in the highly conductive sea water at low breakdown voltages. The ignition of spark discharges required not only a critical voltage sufficient for breakdown, but also a critical energy for preheating of the sea water, sufficient for bubble formation. The possibility of using optical emission spectroscopy of microplasma in water is shown for identifying elemental composition of sea water.

Thirty-one patients with chronic sinusitis were treated with 150 mg of roxithromycin (RXM) per day for 12 weeks.The percentages of patients with an excellent or a good subjective response after 12 weeks of therapy were: 37.9% with reduced frequency of nose blowing, 37.9% with increased ease of nose blowing, 36.0% with reduced frequency of postnasal drip, 36.0% with easier removal of postnasal drip, 45.9% with less nasal obstruction, 40.0% with less headache, 45.5% with improved sense of smell.Objective findings were reduced as follows: redness of the nasal mucosa in 31.8%, edema of the nasal mucosa in 34.4%, quantity of the nasal discharge in 48.3%. The quality of the nasal discharge was improved in 48.3%, and the X-ray findings in the maxillary sinus (36 sides) were improved in 11.1%, and in the ethmoid sinus (38 sides) in 10.5%.The percentages of patients improved after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of therapy were not significantly different.No side effects of RXM were noted during this investigation.

The results of tympanoplasty performed in 72 ears with cholesteatoma from 1988 to 1992 are analyzed. The patients were followed for 6 to 60 months (average 21.4 months). The canal down method was used in 32 ears, the canal up method in 8 ears, and posterior wall reconstruction in 32 ears. Mastoid obliteration was done in 61 ears. Staged and second look operations were performed in 19 and 14 ears, respectively. Fifteen of the 33 ears with staged or second look operations had residual cholesteatoma. Recurrence was observed in one ear treated with the canal up method and in 3 ears treated with posterior wall reconstruction. No recurrence was observed in ears treated with the canal down method. Tympanoplasty type I, type II, type II, columella type III, columella type IV were performed in 8, 1, 1, 48 and 14 ears, respectively. Autologous cartilage from the auricle was used in most ears as a columella. The rate of success of hearing preservation was 82% according to the Criteria of the Japan otological Society. There was no large difference in the rate of success of hearing preservation among the ears treated with the canal down method, canal up method and posterior wall reconstruction.

Ytterbium (Yb) doped glass is expected as next generation high-performance solid laser material. However, the laser glasses have a problem that the ions-doping-concentration is much lower than crystals. In this study, we make highly-doped Ytterbium-ions glasses (YbF 3 -BaF 2 -AlF 3 -GeO 2 , YbBAG), and succeeded laser oscillations of 20 mol.% Ytterbium-ions glass. The highly-doped Ytterbium-ions glasses are much suitable for short-fiber or waveguide lasers.

The effects of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) were evaluated in 9 patients with malignant lymphoma of the head and neck. The effects of 31 cycles of cytotoxic chemotherapy were treated with G-CSF. G-CSF was given by one of the following three routes: 1) administration before or with cytotoxic chemotherapy, 2) administration after cytotoxic chemotherapy with leukocyte counts of more than 2000/mm3, and 3) administration after leukocyte counts had dropped to less than 2000/mm3. The first group consisted of one cycle of CHOP therapy and 2 cycles of VAMA therapy. The second group consisted of 10 cycles of CHOP therapy. The third group consisted of 13 cycles of CHOP therapy and 5 cycles of VAMA therapy.Leukocyte nadirs occurred on around day 14 for CHOP therapy and around day 21 for VAMA therapy without G-CSF treatment. In the first group, the leukocyte nadirs occurred earlier with G-CSF treatment. Additional G-CSF treatments were given in two of the three cycles. In the second group, the leukocyte counts did not drop below 2000/mm3 in three of the ten cycles. Additional G-CSF treatments were given in five of the remaining seven cycles. The two other cycles went without additional treatment. The mean volume of G-CSF was 305±86μg. In the third group, the leukocyte counts increased to more than 2000/mm3 immediately after G-CSF administration in CHOP therapy. The mean volume was 227±78μg, significantly less than that of the second group. The leukocyte counts also exceeded 2000/mm3 3-5 days after G-CSF administration in 5 cycles of VAMA therapy. These data indicate that the most appropriate administration of G-CSF is 50-75μg/body/day×3-5 days after leukocyte counts fall below 2000/mm3.

The serum and middle ear tissue concentration of enoxacin, a pyridone carboxylic acid derivative, was measured in 20 patients with chronic otitis media. The drug was given orally in a dose of 600mg 3 times a day for one to 24 days (average 6.3 days) on an average of 13.1 hours before the serum and tissue samples were obtained during tympanoplasty. In the 14 patients, for whom data of both serum and tissue concentrations were obtained, the concentrations were 0.90±0.66μg/ml and 3.32±3.50μg/kg, respectively. The tissue concentration was 384±236% times the serum concentration.

Recent several years, ZnO thin film has attracted much more attention due to its promising electrical, optical and piezoelectric properties, which can be extensive apply in electronic and optoelectronic fields such as optical waveguides, solar cell, gas sensors, etc [1–3]. Especially, ZnO is a wide-band gap of 3.37eV and high efficiency as a low-voltage cathodoluminescent phosphor material in backlight for field emission display [4]. Among the many fabrication techniques of ZnO film, magnetron radio frequency sputtering is considered as a convenient method to deposition homogeneous ZnO thin film on large area [5]. In this research, we will compare the phosphor properties of ZnO film by post-thermal treatment in different gas ambient.

The effect of interface treatment of ZnO/gate insulator on the variations in both the electrical properties and the trap density of bottom-gate ZnO thin film transistors (TFTs) were investigated. Two kinds of interface treatments, as a diluted HF wet treatment and a nitrous oxide (N 2 O) plasma treatment, are individually applied to the gate-insulator surface of the ZnO TFTs. The threshold voltage uniformity of ZnO TFTs with the N 2 O plasma-treated gate insulator was drastically improved. The trap densities extracted from the ZnO TFTs revealed that the variation in the trap density in deep energy level is reduced significantly by the N 2 O plasma treatment.

Intense green cathodoluminescence (CL) was obtained from zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures prepared by a post-treatment of ZnO film deposited on a silicon (Si) substrate in a reducing gas ambient at a low temperature of 450 °C. The green emission peak was centered at around 500 nm with a CL luminance as high as 10580 Cd/m2 at an excitation voltage of 10 kV. The strong green emission was ascribed to the increase in the oxygen vacancies on the surface of the fluted hexagonal cone nanostructures formed on the ZnO film during the annealing process.

The authors report on the field emission from an aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) bundle grown by thermal chemical vapor deposition. The CNT bundle showed a low-threshold electric field of 2.0V∕μm that produced a current density of 10mA∕cm2, sustainable evolution of current density up to 2.8A∕cm2 at 2.9V∕μm, and good emission stability without degradation for 200h of continuous dc emission. By calculating the electric-field distribution, it was found that the electric field was significantly higher at the edge of the CNT bundle than at the center. The excellent field-emission properties of the aligned CNT bundle were attributed to the edge effect and the high-density structure.

— High-performance top-gate thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a transparent zinc oxide (ZnO) channel have been developed. ZnO thin films used as active channels were deposited by rf magnetron sputtering. The electrical properties and thermal stability of the ZnO films are controlled by the deposition conditions. A gate insulator made of silicon nitride (SiNx) was deposited on the ZnO films by conventional P-CVD. A novel ZnO-TFT process based on photolithography is proposed for AMLCDs. AMLCDs having an aperture ratio and pixel density comparable to those of a-Si:H TFT-LCDs are driven by ZnO TFTs using the same driving scheme of conventional AMLCDs.

High-performance top-gate ZnO thin-film transistors (TFTs) for AM-LCDs have been developed. Sputtered ZnO was used as an active channel and silicon nitride (SiNx) deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (P-CVD) was used as a gate insulator. Field effect mobility and threshold voltage of the ZnO-TFT are 50.3 cm2/V⋅sec and 1.1 V, respectively. We first demonstrated a 1.46″ diagonal AM-LCD driven by ZnO-TFTs.

The subjects were 29 patients under 20 years old (6 males and 23 females: T-group) of TMJ arthrosis who visited the Department of Oral Surgery at Nagoya University Hospital, the Department of Dent-Oral Surgery at Nagoya University Branch Hospital and the Lion Foundation for Dental Health.They were classified on the relation of the first molars occlusion with their plaster models of dentition. And so, on their cephalograms, 16 angular, 11 linear measurements and 6 ratio of two lines were analized and compared with those of 117 females under 20 years who did not have TMJ arthrosis (N-group).The following results were obtained:1. The result of classification of their occulusion showed no existence of normal occulusion and Angle class I: 7 (male O, female 7·T-I), calss II: 15 (m. 4, f. 11: T-II), class III: 7 (m. 2, f. 5: T-III)2. On T-I group, frontal growth of the maxilla and the ramus height of the mandible were apparently inferior to those of N group, the mandibular plane angle was larger, and the mandible showed clockwise rotation.3. On T-II group, low frontal growth of the maxilla, more uprighting of the upper central incisor, and low growth of the ramus height and the mandibular body length, and clockwise rotation and retrusion of the mandible were observed.4. On T-III group low frontal growth of the maxilla was observed.From the results, it was guessed that TMJ arthrosis in young people of these patterns of the growth of maxilla and mandible were closely related to discordance with Mm.masticatorii or the lack of resting occulusion.