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Significant atrophic gastritis in the fundic gland region is a well-known endoscopic finding observed in autoimmune gastritis (AIG). The endoscopic features of early AIG have not been reported. Iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, anemia, or neurological symptoms may not be observed in the early stages of AIG, and it may thus be difficult to diagnose early AIG based on clinical findings. We treated a 50-year-old Japanese female whose condition was suspected to be early AIG. The endoscopic findings showed normal gastric pyloric gland mucosa, and diffuse reddened and edematous gastric fundic gland mucosa. Pathologically, local infiltration of lymphocytes and decrease of parietal cells was present in a deep part of the gastric fundic gland mucosa. Blood tests showed that the titer of parietal cell antibody (PCA) was 1:320 and the gastrin level was 820 pg/ml. We determined that the patient had AIG because she also had Hashimoto’s disease, the PCA titer was high, the serum gastrin level was slightly increased, and inflammation was observed only in the gastric body on the endoscopic images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of endoscopic findings that suggest early AIG, before atrophic changes were observed.

Model tests are carried out in this research to investigate the dynamic behavior of multi-section cut-and-cover subway tunnels in the transverse direction by seismic motion, which has not been fully investigated up to now. Multi-section model and general single-track box-section model tunnels are installed in a soil vessel, and it is found that the sectional force corresponds to that obtained in the tunnel design. Then, L2 earthquake motion (Spectrum II), based on the design standard for railway structures, is applied to the soil vessel. The test results show that the bending moment and shear force are comparatively large in the center wall, although the tendency is different in the loading direction. Moreover, the results of a 3D dynamic finite element analysis for an evaluation of the model tests show approximately the same situation. This research provides various findings for establishing a seismic analysis method for multi-section cut-and-cover subway tunnels.

A 47-year-old Japanese woman presented with epigastric discomfort and anorexia. Upper endoscopy showed type 4 advanced gastric cancer in the gastric antrum with stenosis of the pyloric portion. Abdominopelvic CT revealed peritoneal dissemination, and stage IV advanced gastric cancer was diagnosed. Laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy and enterostomy were performed. Trousseau syndrome occurred 7 days post-surgery. Despite appropriate treatment, the patient developed a pulmonary embolism 13 days later and died 18 days post-surgery. Even in young cancer patients without lifestyle disease complications, it is important to pay attention to Trousseau syndrome as part of cancer management.

The accidental ingestion of a press-through package (PTP) sheet is associated with the risk of gastrointestinal injury and puncture. When pain occurs in the laryngeal pharynx, the PTP may already be stuck in the upper esophageal region, and urgent endoscopic treatment is necessary. A plain chest X-ray image should be performed first to identify the ingested PTP, but this was not successful in the present two patients. As a next step, a CT scan (which involves high radiation exposure) is commonly used. In our patients (a 76-year-old woman and a 59-year-old man), tomosynthesis was used to confirm the presence and location of a PTP sheet as a pre-endoscopic diagnosis. With tomosynthesis, the level of radiation exposure was reduced to approx. 1/10 of that of simple CT; the imaging time is also shorter at ~ 5 s. Tomosynthesis can be performed at approx. 1/3–1/4 the cost of simple CT. The usefulness of tomosynthesis as a pre-endoscopic diagnostic tool was demonstrated in our patients, and its further utilization is expected.

We have developed “Cavitas sensors” into human cavitas sites of oral cavity for non-invasive monitoring of saliva glucose. A salivary biosensor based on the integration of working electrode with an enzyme membrane on a mouthguard was fabricated and demonstrated. This mouthguard biosensor was integrated with a glucose sensor and wireless measurement system. In the investigation of in-vitro characterization, the biosensor showed excellent relationship between the output current and the glucose concentration. In artificial saliva consisting of salts and proteins, the glucose sensor exhibits highsensitive detection in a range of 5–1000 μmol/L. We demonstrated the capability of the sensor and wireless communication module to characterize an inclusion in oral phantom that imitative structure of human oral cavity. The mouthguard biosensor would be useful for real-time and non-invasive method as a novel health care management.

Understating elastic properties of thin films is a matter of deep interest both in scientific and industrial fields. In this paper, we propose a combination of resonant-ultrasound spectroscopy coupled with the laser-Doppler interferometry and pump-probe photoacoustics for measuring anisotropic elastic constants of deposited thin films. Among the five independent elastic constants, the resonant-ultrasound spectroscopy is sensitive to the in-plane elastic constants, C11, C13, and C66, and pump-probe photoacoustics to the out-of-plane elastic constant, C33. We apply this to Cu thin films deposited on monocrystalline Si substrates by the magnetron-sputtering method. Cu thin films show elastic anisotropy, C33>C11. The cause of this elastic anisotropy is attributed to the textured structure and the columnar structure. These effects are estimated by X-ray diffraction measurements and micromechanics calculations.

We propose a combination of the RUS/laser method and picosecond‐laser ultrasound method for measuring anisotropic elastic constants of thin films. The RUS/laser method determines the in‐plane moduli, C11, C12, and C13, of thin films; and picosecond‐laser ultrasound method determines the out‐of‐plane modulus, C33. Therefore, their combination enables us to evaluate elastic anisotropy of thin films. In this study, we measured the elastic constants of copper thin films. They showed elastic anisotropy between the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane directions. This is attributed to columnar grain structure and noncohesive bonds aligned at the columnar grain. This view is supported by micromechanics calculation.