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The performance effect of splitting and abrupt doping in the drain region, use of a Ge strip at source-channel junction in group IV material based (Ge1 − xSnx/ Si1 − y − zGeySnz) Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (TFET) is investigated in the present manuscript. The variation of certain device parameters, such as mole fraction, different gate dielectrics, gate dielectric thickness and drain doping concentrations are applied to analyze the performance of proposed group IV material based TFET in terms of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, potential profile and ION/IOFF ratio using device simulator SILVACO TCAD. The simulation results obtained for the proposed TFET structure are compared with the other TFET structures available in the literature, which shows better results as ION/IOFF ratio was received of the order of 1012 in comparison to conventional group IV material based TFET and subthreshold swing of 25.03 mV/decade, which makes the proposed structure promising for high speed switching action with low power CMOS compatibility.

Background: Bone marrow edema is assumed to be caused as a result of trabecular microfractures that are detected by MRI. As MRI is not widely available in countries like India, this study aims to encourage the use of DECT in detection of bone edema as evidence with comparable efficiency to MRI. Aim: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of dual-energy CT in detecting bone marrow edema in patients of trauma of lower limb and correlate it with MRI. Setting and Design: It is a cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: The study included 40 patients of age 15–70 years irrespective of sex. All the patients of lower extremity trauma underwent DECT and MRI evaluation after clinical evaluation. All the images were postprocessed on a work station and were further evaluated by a radiologist. Results: Mean attenuation at fractured site observed by Dual energy CT was found to be significantly higher as compared to that at adjacent site (170.75 ± 33.99 vs. 19.73 ± 22.50 HU). The sensitivity and specificity of dual energy CT as compared to MRI in detecting bone marrow edema were 94.1% and 91.3%, respectively. Of the 40 cases enrolled in the study, agreement of MRI and Dual energy CT was observed in 37 (92.5%). Conclusion: Dual energy CT can be an effective alternative to MRI in the detection of bone marrow edema in patients of lower limb trauma. Dual energy CT can also be used in patients in whom MRI is contraindicated.

In the era of smart city, developing environmental decision support system (EDSS) integrated with monitoring, modelling, planning and control for smart management of urban river water quality has been widely accepted and implemented around the world. Construction and coupling localized water quality models, such as popular WASP and EFDC by USEPA, to meet different management requirements are fundamental for the surface water EDSS development. However, few reported the technique coupling the advanced version of WASP program with EDSS platform. Traditional pathway of EDSS integrations or model coupling, e.g. database-oriented interaction, are non-modular, with low efficiency of share and reuse, and difficult for system updating. With the development of cloud computing and web services, the service-oriented design are the future trends of model coupling.In this paper, a generic interface/module interacting with WASP V7.5 program is developed and the technical route of tightly coupling is proposed. The web service encapsulation of localized WASP models and advanced cloud computing services are implemented with the help of OpenGMS framework and SaaS (software as services) pattern. To meet the basic requirements of urban water quality management, the water assimilative capacity allocation and pollution load reduction planning are work out by the cloud computing services, which achieves operational running of EDSS.The study area is located in Maozhou River Basin, an urban river in Shenzhen, China. According to the national water environment code and regulations, COD (chemical oxygen demand) and NH3-N (ammonia nitrogen) are set as the ending point for supervision and the corresponding WASP model of Maozhou River is constructed and calibrated by historical field data. The computing components and web-services are integrated into the comprehensive water quality management platform of Maozhou River through the model configuration and controlling data parameterization. One version of the Maozhou River EDSS has been deployed and is online on the Shenzhen ecological and environmental intelligent management and control center since January, 2021.Along with WASP, service-oriented encapsulating of EFDC and SWMM based computing components for particular management purposes are also implemented based on the same technique route since both of them are developed by USEPA with similar inputs and outputs. The technology of model coupling and platform integration mentioned in this paper provides a valuable paradigm for linking other environment models into specific management business. Under the proposed technical pathway, the interaction of model interface between computation engine and system business layer can be easily updated along with the changes of management requirements. It provides the merits of rapidly development, easily deployment and maintenance.

Normal lungs can be distressed by internal as well as external factors which can be reason for producing diseases. The lungs respond against these factors via a protective mechanism known as inflammation. Cytokines, small secreted proteins, play a crucial role to control these inflammations, but overproductions of cytokines create many respiratory diseases (responsible for high mortality rates). These types of respiratory diseases are treated with the help of anti-inflammatory agents to minimize the pulmonary inflammation. Medicinal plants and drugs derived from plants have numerous therapeutic effects when utilized by patients. Occurrence of several active phytoconstituents in plants is useful to treat many types of inflammatory diseases. The use of medicinal plants and phytoconstituents (alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, and others) as curative tool in pulmonary inflammation is increasing significantly. In the current book chapter, the role of medicinal plants and phytoconstituents for the managing pathophysiology of lung diseases is appraised.

Introduction: Enteric fever is the major health problem of developing country like India, with a notable morbidity and mortality. Isolation of Salmonella the causative agent from Blood is the standard laboratory method for diagnosis, but it is not available at PHC level. So, rapid and affordable diagnostic test like Widal tube and slide agglutination test are used. The present study was done to comparatively evaluate the Widal slide agglutination and tube agglutination test in detecting enteric fever. Methods: A total of 500 patients with clinical presentation suggestive of enteric fever were included in the study whose venous blood was collected. All the samples were tested for the presence of anti O and anti H agglutinins against S. typhi and S. paratyphi A by semi quantitative slide and quantitative tube agglutination tests as per standard protocols. The titers of 1:80 (O agglutinins) and 1:160 (H agglutinins) were taken as the significant titer for the diagnosis of enteric fever. Results: Out of 500 collected samples, 183 (36.6%) was positive by slide agglutination test, whereas, only 145 (29%) were positive by tube agglutination method. The slide test had a sensitivity of 97.2%, specificity of 88.1%, positive predictive value of 77% and negative predictive value of 98.7% as compared to Widal tube agglutination test. Conclusions: Due to high false positivity shown by slide test, it is suggested that serological diagnosis should not be made solely on the basis of slide test rather its results should be confirmed by using Widal tube agglutination test. Keywords: Enteric fever, Slide agglutination test, Widal tube agglutination test, Sensitivity, Specificity

The start of the space race between the two cold war rivals United states and the Soviet Union in the 20th Century added a new dimension to both law as well as science. The frontier of space research and discoveries intertwined the connection between law and science. However, just like science being an important aspect of human evolution so is the regulation of such activities through the hands of law, as one can use and abuse these aspects. One key notion of space exploration and how far we have come since we first landed on the moon brings forth the question of commercialization of space through private means such as space tourism as it is a big step towards fulfillment of human dreams to be independent from our home planet. There are several aspects which need to be brought in light in terms of legal issues that seek solution in relation to regulation of commercial activities in space. The legal issues pertain to the regulation of aerospace vehicles used by private or public entities for commercial purposes and also require a legal framework for entrepreneurs and private organization in order to promote and develop such a sector of commercial activity. It needs to be analyzed in order to see the effect of existing laws as well as provide a base for other interested entities to enter such a domain. There is another legal aspect which needs to be taken a closer look at and that is of liability aspect commercial activities in space. The current study analyzes the legal aspect of commercial space activities and the basis of liability issues involved in conducting these activities such as space tourism.

Pure and Neodymium (Nd) doped ZnO nanorods were prepared using cost effective wet chemical co-precipitation method and used for the fabrication of flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator. The structure and morphology of ZnO and Nd-ZnO samples were studied using powder X-ray diffraction, FESEM and TEM techniques. Ferroelectric measurements showed a remanent polarization (Pr) of ∼0.064 μC/cm2 and coercive field (Ec) of ∼6.04 kV/cm, respectively at 600 V. Leakage current density was found to be reduced after Nd doping in ZnO nanorods. Enhanced Curie temperature (Tc = 125 °C) and large piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 512 pm/V) were observed in Nd doped ZnO nanorods, which makes Nd-ZnO a better candidate for piezoelectric energy harvesting and high temperature nano-storage devices. Moreover, flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) were fabricated using ZnO and Nd-ZnO nanorods. The Nd-doped ZnO based NG showed high piezoelectric performance by generating average voltage of ∼31 V under finger tapping (∼0.3 N), which was more pronounced in comparison to ZnO based NG (∼2 V).

Background: Medical students are vulnerable to various lifestyle disorders due to improper diet, physical activity and inadequate sleep. Aims: To assess the risk status of components of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases among medical students. Methods: Information was collected using a standard self-administered questionnaire. Blood pressure, waist circumference, height and weight of students were measured using standard procedures. Fasting blood sample was taken for plasma glucose, lipid profile, cortisol levels and thyroid hormone assays. Results: Eighty-eight participants with mean age 21.9 ± 1.1 years took part in this study. Thirty-one (35.2%) participants reported fried food consumption every day. Majority of the participants 35(39.8%) reported moderate exercise less than once a week. Most participants 83 (94.3%) had sleep duration of ≤8 hours at night. Various components of metabolic syndrome like waist circumference (WC), triglyceride (TG) levels, high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, blood pressure (BP) values and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were abnormal in 36 (40.9%), 2 (2.3%), 39 (44.3%), 21 (23.9%) and 7 (7.9%) participants respectively. Obesity was present among 33 (37.5%) students. Positive correlation between body mass index (BMI) with WC (p

Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is a rare CNS inflammatory disorder involving the pons and other parts of the brainstem. It is characterised by a combination of brainstem symptoms and classical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of bilateral, symmetrical punctate, perivascular enhancement of pontine lesions. Another hallmark feature of this rare disease is the responsiveness to corticosteroid treatment. As the corticosteroid treatment is tapered, the symptoms exacerbate and worsen the clinical outcome. Clinicians and radiologists should be aware of this infrequent inflammatory disorder and should always be considered as a differential diagnosis. Herein, we report the case of a 17-year-old female with a similar clinicoradiological spectrum as CLIPPERS.

Crossed fused renal ectopia with a single ureter and single renal vein is a rare congenital anomaly in which both the fused kidneys lie on one side of the body. We present an unusual case of crossed fused renal ectopia with a single ureter, single renal vein, and a calculus in a 22-year-old man who presented with lower abdominal pain, burning micturition, and a right-side abdominal lump present for three months. On abdominal ultrasound and non-contrast computed tomography (CT), the left kidney was not visualized in the left renal fossa. However, we noted it on the right side, fused to the lower pole of the right kidney with a calculus within the pelvis leading to mild hydronephrosis. After intravenous administration of non-ionic contrast medium, we saw a single ureter draining both the moieties into the urinary bladder on the right side. A three-dimensional volume rendering technique revealed a single renal vein draining the renal parenchyma into the inferior vena cava. Cross fused renal ectopia is an uncommon congenital anomaly which remains asymptomatic throughout life and undetected in the absence of renal pathologies. Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) is an excellent tool for denoting anatomical details of this anomaly; the information provided by MDCT is crucial for surgeons, nephrologists, and radiologists alike in facilitating proper management of the condition.

A case-study has been done to analyze the 500 MW boiler performance located in middle part of India, manufactured by M/s BHEL (C.E. design). At the power plant consideration, it was observed that they were operating the boiler with high excess air and the soot blowers were being operated once in 10 days. In this paper, an attempt has been made to increase the efficiency of the boiler by making certain changes such as reduction in excess air and increasing the frequency of using soot blowers. It was concluded that the efficiency of the boiler can be improved by at least 1.41% over the existing efficiency. For the evaluation of boiler efficiency the “heat losses method” was applied. With an increase of efficiency by 1.41%, 30,000 MT of fuel can be saved as compared to annual consumption of 2.38 million tonnes of coal for 500 MW boilers. By this we can secure access to all sources of energy including coal, oil and gas supplies worldwide for boilers, till the end of the fossil fuel era, which is fast approaching and it will ensure us that our country will be able to supply energy to all its citizens at affordable costs at all times.

This computational study deals with the forced convection through horizontal cylinder which is performed in the CFD Lab, Department, Mechanical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura. The convective heat transfer coefficient is measured for two different cases stationary cylinder and rotating cylinder. The computational analysis was performed by using commercial CFD package ANSYS-Fluent. This analysis is done because we can’t get the pressure and velocity values in the full domain by using the governing equations. The contours of pressure, velocity and temperature are determined to capture the behaviour of flow throughout the region. Computationally determined values of local heat transfer coefficient are compared with the theoretical values obtained by using governing equations. The effect of the Magnus force is measured on the computational value in such way whether there is any increment in heat transfer coefficient or not. The nondimensional numbers as Nusselt number (Nu), Reynolds number (Re) and Prandtl number (Pr) are used to find the results of heat transfer. It is found that heat transfer is more efficient in case of rotating cylinder in comparison with stationary cylinder. The computationally determined results are found in well agreement with the analytical result.

Background: Malaria is one of the most important parasitic disease of human. In India 60-65% of infections are due to P.vivax and 35-40% are due to P.falciparum Malaria is an acute, recurrent and sometimes chronic vector borne protozoan disease which has worldwide distribution in tropical and subtropical regions The role of Primaquine is well established in the prevention of relapse of P.vivax malaria. Primaquine has a narrow therapeutic range and short half-life that requires daily administration upto 2 weeks, resulting in poor compliance Methods: Randomized control trial, which involved 100 patients of P.vivax Malaria Patient in medical ward of mahatma Gandhi hospital attached to S N medical college ’Jodhpur. All patient in this study received chloroquine for 3 days (10mg of base per kg followed by 5mg /kg 6-8 hours later and 5 mg/kg on each of the two days, total 25mg/kg over 3days and divided in three groups viz.Group 1 taken Primaquine 15 mg tab for 14 days (n=34), Group 2 taken Primaquine 15 mg SR tab for 14 days (n=33),Group 3 taken Primaquine 30 mg SR tab for 7 days and placebo for next 7 days. Results: In this study, Efficacy and compliance of Primaquine 30 mg SR for 7 days was found greater than the conventional Primaquine tab. and Primaquine 15 mg SR tab for 14 day. Adverse effect of primaquine 30 mg SR tab for 7 days was found lesser than conventional Primaquine tab 15 mg as well as Primaquine 15 mg SR tab. Conclusions: As Malaria is very prevalent in India which causes significant mortality and morbidity in Indian population. Use of Primaquine 30 mg SR tab has good compliance, efficacy as well as lesser adverse effect.

Background: Antibiotic resistance threatens the health of many throughout the world. It is a common problem in the ICU patients who acquire nosocomial infections. Critically ill ICU patients are most vulnerable for developing multidrug resistant nosocomial infections. Methods: Hospital based, cross sectional, descriptive type of observational study involving 311 patients admitted in ICU who were studied for development of nosocomial infections. Results: In this study, the nosocomial infection rate among ICU patients was 32.79%. The commonest organism isolated from all samples were E. coli., Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas sp., CONS and Staph. aureus. In these samples, it was found that E. coli was most commonly resistant to Imipenem (93.8%) and Meropenem (93.8%). Majority of CONS was resistant to Nitrofurantoin (81.0%). Klebsiella sp. was most commonly resistant to Ceftriaxone (94.4%). Pseudomonas was commonly resistant to Imipenem (94.1%) and Meropenem (94.1%). Acinetobacter sp. was resistant commonly to Amikacin (90%) and Gentamicin (90%). Staph. Aureus was mostly resistant to Amikacin (90%), Gentamicin (90%) and Cotrimoxazole (90%). Conclusions: Nosocomial infections affect about 1/3 rd of the patients in ICUs. Development of antibiotic resistance to commonly used drugs becomes a major deterrent to patient outcome, increasing duration of patient stay as well as expense. Strict infection control measures like universal precautions and stringent adherence to hand washing practices; formulation of antibiotic policy; Surveillance activities, appointment of infection control practitioners; might be required for the same for which further research is advocated.

Objectives: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) leads to narrowing and hardening of arteries which leads to increased risk of lower extremity amputation. Hence, the accuracy of non-invasive diagnostic methods such as calcium scoring and color Doppler needs to be assessed in comparison to the gold standard dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) angiography. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of color Doppler and calcium scoring when compared to DECT angiography in the assessment of PAD of the lower limb. It is a cross- sectional retrospective study. Material and Methods: The study included 55 patients aged between 40 and 70 years. All the patients with symptoms suggestive of PAD underwent color Doppler study of lower limb arterial system. Afterward, the patient underwent CT angiography. The first plain images were taken for calcium scoring following which contrast was given and further images were taken. Results: As compared to CT angiography assessment, Doppler assessment was 88.1% sensitive but only 69.2% specific with diagnostic accuracy of 83.6%. For angiographically detected atheromatous changes, color Doppler had sensitivity and specificity of 86.2% and 76.9%. The derived cutoff value >149.1 of calcium score in lower limb arteries was in 100% agreement with CT angiography detected PAD, whereas, for atheromatous changes, total calcium score at a cutoff value of >842.2 had sensitivity and specificity of 75.9% and 80.8%. Conclusion: Calcium scoring as compared to color Doppler has a higher diagnostic efficacy for the detection of DECT angiography confirmed PAD, whereas calcium score lacks adequate sensitivity at projected cutoff in the evaluation of atheromatous changes.

Effect of CuCl 2 doping on structural, optical, dielectric and semiconducting behavior of solution grown anthracene crystals has been reported. UV–vis spectra showed a blue shift of various peaks in the range of 350–390 nm. A broad peak around 760 nm of high intensity appeared in Cu 2+ doped anthracene. Remarkable increase in dielectric constant and ac conductivity were observed along with a structure related phase transition at 126 °C. Different mechanisms of ac conductivity for the two temperature ranges, typically below and above 60 °C, were reported. A higher dependence of conductivity on temperature above 60 °C established enhanced semiconducting behavior in doped crystals. Change in activation energy has been reported in different temperature regions. In photoluminescence (PL) studies, three strong blue/UV emissions were obtained at 400 nm, 424 nm and 450 nm in both the crystals and a remarkable PL quenching has been observed in the doped anthracene.

Single crystals of 0.01 and 0.02 mol% crystal violet dye doped triglycine sulfate (NH2CH2COOH)3·H2SO4 (TGS) have been grown by a slow evaporation technique. Enhanced dielectric, optical, thermal and mechanical properties have been achieved by dye doping. Monoclinic structures showing particular coloring patterns and morphology change with dye concentration were obtained. Various functional groups and dye incorporation in the grown crystals were confirmed qualitatively by FTIR and Raman analysis. A significant increase in Curie temperature from 50 to 55 °C with a decrease in maximum permittivity has been observed. The UV-vis spectra showed an increased transmittance window and an increased optical band gap from 5.61 to 6.11 eV as a result of doping. An increase in the sharpness and intensity of the photoluminescence peak with a blue shift has been observed in doped crystals. The thermal stability and the decomposition temperature were found to increase by about 10 °C in 0.01 mol% dye doped TGS. The mechanical strength of the grown crystals was estimated by the Vickers microhardness test and was found to be high for dye doped TGS. A high piezoelectric charge coefficient d33 of 16 pC N−1 was observed for pure TGS which decreased as a result of the dye effect. The fabrication of a patch antenna was carried out after simulating its resonant frequency, making it suitable for telecommunication applications.

Zinner syndrome is a rare developmental anomaly of the Wolffian (mesonephric) duct which is characterised by a triad of obstruction of the ejaculatory duct, the ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst, and the ipsilateral renal agenesis. The aim of this case report is to emphasize the importance of radiological imaging in diagnosing the condition and to report its rare unusual variant.

Organic non-linear optical single crystals of benzil have been grown by Czochralski (Cz) and slow-evaporation techniques. The crystal morphology was characterized by computing the growth rates of the planes, which were found to be affected by solvent modification. Intermolecular interactions of the benzil crystal were explored by Hirshfeld surface and 2D fingerplot in a novel visual manner. A linear optical study was carried out by UV-vis transmission spectroscopy, in which the Cz grown crystal was found to be more transparent with a cut-off wavelength at 406 nm. Photoluminescence emission was observed in the green region with higher intensity in Cz grown crystal. The piezoelectric charge coefficients were found to be 4, 1, 6 and 3 pC N−1 along (100), (010), (001) and (10) planes of the solution grown crystal. The study of Vicker's microhardness and volume of voids in the grown crystals confirmed that the Cz grown crystal has better mechanical strength. Patch antenna based on the substrate of Cz grown benzil crystal was simulated for resonant frequency at 12.6 GHz and fabricated, and is suitable for piezoelectric, sensor and telecommunication applications.

Unlike some vertebrates and fishes, humans do not have the capacity for tooth regeneration after the loss of permanent teeth. Although artificial replacement with removable dentures, fixed prosthesis and implants is possible through advances in the field of prosthetic dentistry, it would be ideal to recreate a third set of natural teeth to replace lost dentition. For many years now, researchers in the field of tissue engineering have been trying to bioengineer dental tissues as well as whole teeth. In order to attain a whole tooth through dental engineering, that has the same or nearly same biological, mechanical and physical properties of a natural tooth, it's necessary to deal with all the cells and tissues which are concerned with the formation, maintenance and repair of the tooth. In this article we review the steps involved in odontogenesis or organogenesis of a tooth and progress in the bioengineering of a whole tooth.

We study the effect of multiferroic Bismuth Ferrite (BFO) nanoparticles dispersed in nematic liquid crystal(NLC) i.e. 4-Cyano-4’-Pentylbiphenyl (5CB) on the orientational ordering at different biasing voltages (At 0V and 2V).The concentration of BFO nanoparticles doped was 0.5Mol% in NLC. Results shows that dielectric parameters are strong function of frequency and applied bias voltage. Moreover, Patch Antenna was designed based on Liquid Crystal (LC) Nanocomposites (LC+0.5 Mol%BFO nanoparticles) for earth and space applications. To fulfill the demand of modern antenna i.e. tunability, we have investigated a design of LC Nanocomposities based patch antenna with optimum frequency of 12 GHz. In this design, BFO nanoparticles dispersed in NLC is used as a dielectric substrate. Its dielectric permittivity is controlled by biasing voltage. Thus one gets tunability or shift in resonant frequency in the proposed geometry.

Purpose To study the anatomical and visual outcomes of surgery for retinal detachment (RD) in patients with choroidal coloboma. Methods Forty-six eyes of 46 patients underwent surgery for RD with choroidal coloboma. Patients were divided into three groups, according to the extent of choroidal coloboma: Coloboma not involving the disc and macula (Group A), coloboma involving the disc (Group B), and coloboma involving the disc and macula (Group C). Thirty-eight eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil (SO) (Group 1) and eight eyes underwent scleral buckling surgery (Group 2). SO removal was carried out in 18 eyes at final follow up. Results After a mean follow-up of 16.2 months, 40 eyes (86.9%) had an attached retina and the best corrected visual acuity (VA) improved from a preoperative median of 20/800 to 20/250 ( p = 0.001). Thirty-four eyes (74%) recovered ≥20/400 VA. The final median VA in Group A (20/200) was better than in Group B (20/800) and Group C (light perception and hand movement) which was statistically significant ( p = 0.01). Redetachment occurred in 10 eyes (21.8%), of which 7 eyes (18.91%) belonged to Group 1 and 3 eyes (37.5%) belonged to Group 2, and all of these eyes underwent resurgery. Of these 10 eyes, 9 had an attached retina at final follow up. Conclusion Postoperative visual recovery in RD with choroidal coloboma is dependent upon the involvement of the disc and macula with the colobomatous area. Resurgery following redetachment improves the final anatomical outcomes.

An 18-year-old male was clinically diagnosed as having choroidal osteoma in August 2005. Ocular examination revealed 4 disk diameter orange colored elevated lesion in the left eye. Ultrasonography and computed tomographic (CT) scan of orbit, fluorescein angiogram (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) confirmed the diagnosis of choroidal osteoma. The patient was followed up at regular intervals and on the 4th year followup developed a choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) within the osteoma. It was treated with intravitreal bevacizumab. Patient was stable for next 2 years followed by a recurrence of the membrane for which further injections were given to regress it. During this period there was consistent progression of the size of osteoma as well as its decalcified component. We documented progression of the osteoma along with regression of the CNVM with color photo and OCT for 7 years. Spectral domain features of the osteoma were noted in relation to changes occurring in its decalcified area. Long-term follow-up suggests that choroidal osteoma along with the decalcification part within it progresses with time. Intravitreal bevacizumab is effective in treating the CNVM secondary to choroidal osteoma.

Background: This study was done to assess the determinants of morbidity pattern, quality of life (QoL) and awareness of elderly about various government schemes and social security legislations. Materials and Methods: Data was collected by house to house survey among participants aged 60 years and above using a structured interview schedule. The QoL was assessed using Kannada version of WHOQOL-BREF instrument following language validation. Results: Mean age of 206 participants was 69.6±6.7 years. Half of them were males and majority were graduates 54 (26.2%). Morbidity was present among 194 (94.2%) participants (95% CI 89.5-98.9%), most common being hypertension 96 (46.6%). Morbid conditions were seen more among less educated (P = 0.007). Only 68 (33%) were under medical insurance coverage, 17 (8.3%) were under old age government pension and 74 (35.9%) were under retirement pension scheme. Social relationships, psychological health and environmental domain scores were associated with socio-economic status. Social relationship domain score was significantly better among well educated participants and those without morbidities. Level of ambulation was significantly associated with QoL scores in all domains (P < 0.001). Majority of the participants 132 (64.1%) had moderate level of awareness about government facilities for senior citizens. Awareness level was significantly better among males (P < 0.001), well educated (P < 0.001), better socio-economic status respondents (P < 0.001) and those currently working (P = 0.026). Conclusion: Health status of elderly needs improvement which would also improve their QoL. Awareness about various government schemes needs to be enhanced to improve its utilization. The results of this study are expected to help policy makers in planning comprehensive services for elderly residing in this area.

This paper presents Patch antenna based on pure and Nano dispersed liquid crystals (LCs) for earth and space applications. Patch antenna are one of the most attractive antennas designed for RF frequency. To fulfill the demand of modern antenna i.e. tunability, a design of LC based patch antenna with optimum frequency of 15 GHz is investigated. In this design, NLC and ZnO doped NLC were used as a dielectric substrate. Its dielectric permittivity was controlled by biasing voltage. The dielectric properties of the 4-Cyano-4’ –pentylbiphenyl (5CB) nematic liquid crystal (NLC), and NLC doped with Zinc oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles was studied at room temperature. The concentration of doping material was 0.5% by w.t. in ZnO. Results shows that dielectric parameters are strong function of frequency and applied bias voltage. Moreover, Using doped NLC as dielectric substrate one gets more tunability or shift in resonant frequency in the proposed geometry.

Impaction of maxillary canines is a frequently encountered clinical problem. The impaction of canine can be prevented in some situations if the canine displacement is diagnosed in the early mixed dentition period and this would be extremely useful for the clinician. Hence, it is very important to focus on the means of early diagnosis and interception of this clinical situation. In the present article, the different modalities used to diagnose the impacted canine are reviewed with an insight into current 3-D modalities.

Biopolymers provide a plethora of applications in the pharmaceutical and medical applications. A material that can be used for biomedical applications like wound healing, drug delivery and tissue engineering should possess certain properties like biocompatibility, biodegradation to non-toxic products, low antigenicity, high bio-activity, processability to complicated shapes with appropriate porosity, ability to support cell growth and proliferation and appropriate mechanical properties, as well as maintaining mechanical strength. This paper reviews biodegradable biopolymers focusing on their potential in biomedical applications. Biopolymers most commonly used and most abundantly available have been described with focus on the properties relevant to biomedical importance.

Due to recent advances in hardware and communication technology, the paradigm of computing has been shifted from fixed to mobile. But the mobile devices possess limited data storage capacity besides inadequate battery power. We can augment mobile device with cloud services but which in turn imposes serious security based implication. One of the major challenges is to check the integrity of outsourced data besides providing privacy and secrecy. To tackle the aforementioned issues we can augment secure data storage operations to provide remote integrity check. It needs to calculate the hash of data just once and does not need to posses outsourced data by the mobile user. So the complete framework provides encryption, outsourced decryption and data integrity as whole thus consuming a very little battery power.

Patch antennas are one of the most attractive antennas designed for RF frequency. To fulfill the demand of modern antenna i.e., tunability, a design of liquid crystal based patch antenna with optimum performance at 20GHz is investigated. The procedure could be extended to design other planar antennas that act in a similar way. In this design, liquid crystal (4-Cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5CB)) is used as a dielectric substrate. Its dielectric permittivity is controlled by biasing voltage. Thus one gets tunability or shift in resonant frequency in the proposed geometry.