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This research involves the redesigning (replacement) of the water disterbution network at Aledekhar and AlShababia , using genetic algorithm technology,then studying Add new Pipes to the current network with in parallel with the old, comparing the two solutions economically and hydraulically, and determining the coefficient of Hydraulic Reliability based on the study of the status of the network designed usingthetechnology of genetic algorithms by testing under the Fire situation, to achieve a more optimal solution, by Using software called Darwin Designer, this software was designed by the South African hydrologist Zheng WU in 2003. The results of the study showed that using genetic algorithm technology can achieve significant savings in water network projects of more than 23%, access a better hydraulic solutions and achieve hydraulic reliability of up to 100%.

The importance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of cancer was first proposed by Rudolph Virchow over 150 years ago, and our understanding of its significance has grown over decades of biomedical research. The arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation, including cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, PGE2 synthase enzymes, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGE2 receptors has been extensively studied and has been associated with different diseases and different types of cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In addition to inflammation in the tumour microenvironment, low oxygen levels (hypoxia) within tumours have also been shown to contribute to tumour progression. Understandably, most of our OSCC knowledge comes from study of this aggressive cancer in human patients and in experimental rodent models. However, domestic animals develop OSCC spontaneously and this is an important, and difficult to treat, form of cancer in veterinary medicine. The primary goal of this review article is to explore the available evidence regarding interaction between hypoxia and the arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation during malignant behaviour of OSCC. Overlapping mechanisms in hypoxia and inflammation can contribute to tumour growth, angiogenesis, and, importantly, resistance to therapy. The benefits and controversies of anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic therapies for human and animal OSCC patients will be discussed, including conventional pharmaceutical agents as well as natural products.

Physical review accelerators and beams 23(4), 043401 (2020). doi:10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.043401, In state of the art photoinjector electron sources, thermal emittance from photoemission dominates the final injector emittance. Therefore, low thermal emittance cathode developments and diagnostics are very important. Conventional thermal emittance measurements for the high gradient gun are time-consuming and thus thermal emittance is not measured as frequently as quantum efficiency during the lifetime of photocathodes, although both are important properties for the photoinjector optimizations. In this paper, a single shot measurement of photoemission transverse momentum, i.e., thermal emittance per rms laser spot size, is proposed for photocathode rf guns. By tuning the gun solenoid focusing, the electrons’ transverse momenta at the cathode are imaged to a downstream screen, which enables a single shot measurement of both the rms value and the detailed spectra of the photoelectrons’ transverse momenta. Both simulations and proof of principle experiments are reported., Published by American Physical Society, College Park, MD

In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) contribute to inflammation, and cluster of differentiation factor 147 (CD147) contributes to invasiveness, but their relationship has not been previously examined within a cohort of patients with OSCC or OSCC cell lines.COX-2 and CD147 expression was determined by using immunohistochemistry on 39 surgical biopsy specimens of OSCC. Expression in tumor cells, stroma, and adjacent oral epithelium was characterized by using a visual grading system. COX-1, COX-2, and CD147 expression was determined in vitro by using OSCC cell lines (SCC25, BHY, and HN) and reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Secretion of prostagladin EBiopsy specimens showed higher COX-2 expression in tumor cells compared with stroma and adjacent epithelium (P.05). There was no difference in CD147 expression among the tumor cells, stroma, and adjacent epithelium. In OSCC cell lines, there was a trend for COX-2 and CD147 gene expression to be coordinated. Interestingly, PGECOX-1, COX-2, and CD147 appear to be independently regulated in OSCC, potentially representing 2 therapeutic targets for future investigation. COX-1 expression in OSCC deserves further study because it may be an important determinant of PGE

10th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC’19, Melbourne, Australia, 2 May 2019 - 24 May 2019; Journal of physics / Conference series Conference series [...] 1350, 012046 - (2019). doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1350/1/012046, Laser pulse shaping is one of the key elements to generate low emittance electron beams with RF photoinjectors. Ultimately high performance can be achieved with ellipsoidal laser pulses, but 3-dimensional shaping is challenging. High beam quality can also be reached by simple transverse pulse shaping, which has demonstrated improved beam emittance compared to a transversely uniform laser in the 'pancake' photoemission regime. In this contribution we present the truncation of a Gaussian laser at a radius of approximately one sigma in the intermediate (electron bunch length directly after emission about the same as radius) photoemission regime with high acceleration gradients (up to 60 MV/m). This type of electron bunch is used e.g. at the European XFEL and FLASH free electron lasers at DESY, Hamburg site and is being investigated in detail at the Photoinjector Test facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ). Here we present ray-tracing simulations and experimental data of a laser beamline upgrade enabling variable transverse truncation. Initial projected emittance measurements taken with help of this setup are shown, as well as supporting beam dynamics simulations. Additional simulations show the potential for substantial reduction of slice emittance at PITZ., Published by IOP Publ.20382, Bristol

A significant amount of research indicates that the cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway of inflammation contributes to the development and progression of a variety of cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx (OSCC). Although there have been promising results from studies examining the utility of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of OSCC, this strategy has been met with only variable success and these drugs are also associated with toxicities that make them inappropriate for some OSCC patients. Improved inflammation-targeting therapies require continued study of the mechanisms linking inflammation and progression of OSCC. In this review, a synopsis of OSCC biology will be provided, and recent insights into inflammation related mechanisms of OSCC pathobiology will be discussed. The roles of prostaglandin E2 and cluster of differentiation factor 147 (CD147) will be presented, and evidence for their interactions in OSCC will be explored. Through continued investigation into the protumourigenic pathways of OSCC, more treatment modalities targeting inflammation-related pathways can be designed with the hope of slowing tumour progression and improving patient prognosis in patients with this aggressive form of cancer.

Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly invasive form of cancer in cats. In human OSCC, cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) contributes to inflammation and tumor invasiveness. CD147 is a potential therapeutic target, but the expression of CD147 in feline OSCC has not been examined. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine if cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and CD147 expression in feline OSCC biopsies was coordinated. Tumor cells were more likely to express COX-2 (22/43 cases or 51%) compared to stroma (8/43 or 19%) and adjacent oral epithelium (9/31 cases or 29%) (p &lt, 0.05). CD147 was also more likely to occur in tumor cells compared to stroma and adjacent mucosa, with 21/43 (49%) of cases having &gt, 50% tumor cells with mild or moderate CD147 expression, compared to 9/28 (32%) in adjacent epithelium and only 5/43 (12%) in adjacent stroma (p &lt, 0.05). In feline OSCC cell lines (SCCF1, SCCF2, and SCCF3), CD147 gene expression was more consistently expressed compared to COX-2, which was 60-fold higher in SCCF2 cells compared to SCCF1 cells (p &lt, 0.05). CD147 expression did not correlate with COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion, indicating that they may be independently regulated. CD147 potentially represents a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of feline OSCC and further study of CD147 is warranted.