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Aim:To pilot study the therapeutic effect of dexmedetomidine-induced sleep balance treatment (DISBT) on the chronic refractory primary insomnia patients. Methods:Forty-two patients with chronic refractory primary insomnia were randomly divided into two groups by random number table. Patients in DISBT group were given DISBT for 3 days, while patients in the control group were given conventional treatment for 3 day. Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), the hyperarousal scale (HAS), and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) were evaluated and compared between the pre-treatment and post-1-week-treatment. Sleep architecture and electroencephalogram (EEG) spectrum were also recorded and compared pre-treatment and post-treatment. Results:The scores of PSQI and HAMA in both groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), DISBT group-reduced degree were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Sleep architecture of Stage 2 sleep proportion, EEG spectrum beta, and gamma relative power value in DISBT group were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), Stage 3 sleep proportion and delta relative power value were higher than those before treatment (P < 0.05); Sleep architecture of Stage 2 sleep proportion,beta, and gamma relative power value in control group were higher than those before treatment (P < 0.05); rapid eye movement sleep, Stage 3 sleep proportion, and delta relative power value were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05). The total scores of the hyperarousal scale (HAS) in both groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), DISBT group-reduced degree were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05), the extreme score, introspectiveness score, react score of HAS in control group after treatment had no statistical significance compared to those before treatment (P > 0.05), the extreme score, introspectiveness score, react score of HAS in DISBT group after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion:DISBT effectively reduced the insomnia patient cortex hyperarousal level, corrected disorder of sleep-awakening pathways and easedup insomnia symptom. It is an effective method for chronic refractory primary insomnia.

Due to the high pathogenicity and mortality, the COVID-19 disaster caused global panic and anxiety. At present, diagnosis and treatment are of great concern. As time progresses, however, the sequelae caused by many other organ system complications and treatments will become increasingly obvious, and psychosomatic symptoms are one of these changes with great potential impact. Studies have shown that symptoms like poor sleep quality, anxiety and even delirium are not uncommon in patients during isolation. By summarizing the follow-up study on mental and psychological health of SARS in the past 10 years, and combining the characteristics of the existing cases of COVID-19, we will provide suggestions for the prevention and treatment of psychological diseases in clinical practice.

Traditional cotton fiber dyeing requires an abundance of salt, which leads to environmental pollution. Consequently, decreasing or eliminating the use of salt has become the primary focus of current research. In this study, Crocein Orange G was used to dye carboxymethyl cotton. Carboxymethyl cotton has better color shades than raw cotton and it is used along with a mordant in a simultaneous-mordant dyeing process, at a pH of 7, Al2(SO4)3·18H2O as the mordant. In addition, it was found that the adsorption kinetics of carboxymethyl cotton followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption capacity increased as the temperature increased from 30 to 50 °C, and the maximum equilibrium adsorption was 8.21 mg g−1 at 50 °C. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherm data exhibited good agreement with the Freundlich isotherm. These results will help achieve salt-free dyeing of cotton fabric in the textile industry.

At present, most shale gas exploration and development areas in China are difficult to provide sufficient and effective production data to support economic evaluation, since they are still in the initial stage of low exploration level. In addition, ecological and environmental factors are not taken into account in the evaluation process, which does not meet the needs of green energy development of China. Aiming at above problems, the dynamic economic evaluation method of shale gas resources based on calculus principle is proposed. The Arps hyperbolic decreasing curve model will be used in the evaluation of single shale gas well production, which can evaluate single well production of shale gas by fitting the existing dynamic production data to generate the production decreasing curve. Therefore, the variation regularity of the cumulative production of single well shale gas within the study area can be obtained by the model mentioned above. According to the variation regularity of the cumulative production obtained from the Arps hyperbolic decreasing curve model, the recovery period of single well cost, ultimate economic life and the ultimate economic resource can be evaluated dynamically by analyzing the variation regularity of the cumulative sales revenue and cumulative input cost of single shale gas well. Then the evaluation result can be further extend to the whole evaluation areas, in order to analyze shale gas resources ’ economic value in evaluation regions under different shale gas price conditions. The results of the above evaluation methods are not only conducive to improving the economic benefits of relative shale gas development enterprises, but also provide a basis for the national energy strategy deployment. © 2019 China Geology Editorial Office.

Cloud resource management research and techniques have received relevant attention in the last years. In particular, recently numerous studies have focused on determining the relationship between server-side system information and performance experience for reducing resource wastage. However, the genuine experiences of clients cannot be readily understood only by using the collected server-side information. In this paper, a cloud resource management framework with two novel turnaround time driven auto-scaling mechanisms is proposed for ensuring the stability of service performance. In the first mechanism, turnaround time monitors are deployed in the client-side instead of the more traditional server-side, and the information collected outside the server is used for driving a dynamic auto-scaling operation. In the second mechanism, a schedule-based auto scaling preconfiguration maker is designed to test and identify the amount of resources required in the cloud. The reported experimental results demonstrate that using our original framework for cloud resource management, stable service quality can be ensured and, moreover, a certain amount of quality variation can be handled in order to allow the stability of the service performance to be increased.

Optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (ORPAM) is a promising tool for investigating anatomical and functional dynamics in the cerebral cortex. However, observation in freely moving mice has been a longstanding challenge for ORPAM. In this Letter, we extended ORPAM from anesthetized, head-restrained to awake, freely moving mice by using a detachable head-mounted ORPAM probe. We used a micro-electro-mechanical-system scanner and a miniaturized piezoelectric ultrasonic detector to scan the excitation laser beam and detect generated photoacoustic signals, respectively. The probe weighs 1.8 g and has a large field of view of ∼ 3 m m × 3 m m . We evaluated the performance of the probe by carrying out phantom experiments and the imaging of vascular networks in a mouse cerebral cortex. The results suggest that the ORPAM probe is capable of providing stable and high-quality ORPAM images in freely moving mice.

Conventional cotton dyeing methods rely on high salt concentrations and consume large amounts of water. To decrease the ecological impact of the textile industry, the development of a green and sustainable dyeing method for cotton fibres is essential. In the present work, ethanol was used to reduce the amounts of salt and water required for cotton dyeing. Cotton yarns were pretreated with alkali and then dyed with six reactive dyes in a 90 : 10 (v/v) ethanol–water mixture. Using various techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, the effects of ethanol on the particle size and zeta potential of the reactive dyes were examined in detail. Compared with conventionally dyed samples, the cotton yarns dyed in the ethanol–water system using the investigated reactive dyes exhibited enhanced exhaustion, total fixation, and colour strength in the absence of salt. Industrial-scale cotton bobbins produced using the developed method showed commercially acceptable levelness and reproducibility. This method affords a substantial reduction in eutrophication potential and wastewater effluent load, which would considerably improve the environmental cost of cotton dyeing processes. This eco-friendly dyeing process has considerable potential for application to a broad range of natural fibres.

Computed tomography (CT) can provide a 3D view of the patient's internal organs, facilitating disease diagnosis, but it incurs more radiation dose to a patient and a CT scanner is much more cost prohibitive than an X-ray machine too. Traditional CT reconstruction methods require hundreds of X-ray projections through a full rotational scan of the body, which cannot be performed on a typical X-ray machine. In this work, we propose to reconstruct CT from two orthogonal X-rays using the generative adversarial network (GAN) framework. A specially designed generator network is exploited to increase data dimension from 2D (X-rays) to 3D (CT), which is not addressed in previous research of GAN. A novel feature fusion method is proposed to combine information from two X-rays. The mean squared error (MSE) loss and adversarial loss are combined to train the generator, resulting in a high-quality CT volume both visually and quantitatively. Extensive experiments on a publicly available chest CT dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. It could be a nice enhancement of a low-cost X-ray machine to provide physicians a CT-like 3D volume in several niche applications.

We aimed to explore the prevalence of and risk factors for depressive symptoms (DS) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Wuhan, Hubei, China. A cross-sectional study evaluating adult PLWHA receiving ART in nine designated clinical hospitals was conducted from October to December 2015. The validated Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess DS in eligible participants. Socio-demographical, epidemiological and clinical data were directly extracted from the case reporting database of the China HIV/AIDS Information Network. Multinomial regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for DS. 394 participants were finally included in all analyses. 40.3% were found to have DS with 13.7% having mild DS and 26.6% having moderate to severe DS. The results of multinomial regression analysis suggested that being married or living with a partner, recent experience of ART-related side effects, and/or history of HCV infection were positively associated with mild DS, while increasing age was positively associated with moderate to severe DS.

Air cushion press (ACP) is one of the significant approaches to improve the uniformity of pressure distribution. It is important to point out that the pressing method through piston compressing gas proposed in this paper is the further development of air cushion press (ACP) in nanoimprint lithography (NIL). In this novel method, a servomotor drives a piston to compress gas in the closed chamber. The increasing gas pressure can be distributed on the mold and substrate uniformly. The dynamic pressing processes of both air inflation via jet nozzles and compressing gas through piston have been simulated and analyzed by using the FEM software Comsol Multiphysics with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The analysis of the results of the CFD simulation shows that the distribution of pressure on the patterned mold is more uniform during the gas-compressing process, which is favorable for transferring the feature patterns on the mold with high fidelity and prolonging the life of mold due to the reduction of the mold loss.

A mixture method based on exponential curve and ANN is presented according to settlement prediction of roadbed with measured data. Based on this method, the rule of roadbed settlement is classified into sure part and uncertain part. Exponential curve is used to model the sure part, and ANN to model the uncertain part, thus the mixture settlement model can be obtained. Prediction results show that the mixture model has advantages of high precision and small network scale; it provides a new method for settlement prediction of roadbed.

Composite materials have many advantages such as big specific strength, high specific stiffness, good disrepair safety characteristic, large area molding conveniently and easy to forming complex shape. It becomes important structural materials of aero aircraft equipment necessarily and is used widely in aviation industry. Composite materials components of aero aircraft with complex and delicate structure chronically work in harsh environment. Early testing of its key component’s minute defects has been an urgent and necessary task. In this paper, its damage model and characteristic are analyzed and studied. Considering the limitation of composite materials structure’s detection methods at present, a number of existing problems are presented and development directions are pointed out. Laser ultrasound detection technique, continuous distribution sensing technique and optical fiber sensing technique are studied. The method of damage detection of aero aircraft’s composite materials components is put forward based on the organic combination of the three techniques. The results show that the system can be used to detect multi-ultrasound signals of large composite materials structure. Its structure is simple. It has small bulk and low cost. It is characterized by easy realization.

Land use and cover change (LUCC) is the current research focus on global environmental change. This paper analyzes the land use type and changes in Tai’an City by interperting ETM and CBERS images in 2000 and 2007, and also build Markov model to simulating the land use tendency. In the study area land use changed rapidly with the development of economy, in which farm land mainly changed to lawn or residential land in urban and rural.

Multi-mode interference waveguides are fabricated inside silica glass by transverse writing geometry with femtosecond laser pulses. The influences of several writing and reading factors on the output mode are systematically studied. The experimental results of straight waveguides are in good agreement with the simulations by the beam propagation method. By integrating a straight waveguide with a bent waveguide, a 1 × 2 multi-mode splitter is formed and 2 × 3 lobes are observed in the output mode.

According to the idea of wear particle spike parameter, the concept of spike-angle parameter and spike-angle image, and the wear particle image shape feature extraction method based on spike-angle image were proposed. Firstly, by calculating the spike-angle parameter of all the wear particle contour points at different step size, the spike-angle image can be acquired. The row of the spike-angle image reflects the global feature of wear particle contour, and the column of spike-angle image reflects the local feature of wear particle contour. Then, circular subband decomposition is applied to the rows and columns of spike-angle image separately, and the spectrum entropy of each subband is calculated. At last, each column of spectrum entropy matrix is quantized to normalized histogram, the global histogram feature and local histogram feature are used as the wear particle shape feature. The proposed wear particle shape feature extraction method makes full use of the global information, local information and multiscale information of wear particle shape, and has translation invariance, scale invariance, and rotation invariance. The experiment shows that the method proposed can be used effectively for wear particle recognition.

Currently, providers of Software as a service (SaaS) can use Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) to obtain the resources required for serving customers. SaaS providers can save substantially on costs by using resource-management techniques such as auto scaling. However, in most current auto-scaling methods, server-side system information is used for adjusting the amount of resources, which does not allow the overall service performance to be evaluated. In this paper, a novel auto-scaling mechanism is proposed for ensuring the stability of service performance from the client-side of view. In the proposed mechanism, turnaround time monitors are deployed as clients outside the service, and the information collected is used for driving a dynamic auto-scaling operation. A system is also designed to support the proposed auto scaling mechanism. The results of experiments show that using this mechanism, stable service quality can be ensured and, moreover, that a certain amount of quality variation can be handled in order to allow the stability of the service performance to be increased.

Relay attack is one of the most challenging threats that RFID will have to face now. Distance bounding protocols form a family of challenge-response authentication protocols and confirm the round-trip time at the Rapid Bit Exchange phase that have been introduced to thwart relay attacks. They enable a reader to authenticate and to establish an upper bound on the physical distance to an entrusted tag. We provide an effective attack of a family of such protocols to implement the spoofing attacks of distance successfully, and description of existing protocols cannot completely eliminate such attacks. Corresponding we propose a new time-stamped program to correct the defect and verify the effectiveness.

The purposes of this study were two folds. First was to design three strategies to help elementary school children reading science expositories online with the supports of an annotation system. The "iRuns" strategies were proposed based on the SOI model of Reading expository text [1] to include (1)"underline" for selecting main ideas, (2)"annotation for connection" to organize important ideas and (3)"summary" for integrating multiple concepts. Then a field study was conducted to explore whether students efficiently adopted iRuns strategies and achieved comprehension on earth science materials. A total of 55 5th and 6th graders from an elementary school participated a 8-week reading club. A plug-in annotation system (COM2ANNO) developed by Huang et al. [2] was adopdeted. Students' underlying, annotation and summary efficiencies were rated more favorable if they hit more main ideas. The results showed that iRuns strategy efficiencies decreased slightly across multiple time points and the high reading ability students' three annotation efficiencies were always better than the low ones. The gaps of iRun strategy efficiencies between high and low reading ability groups was gradually getting closer through series of instruction. Low ability students' strategy efficiencies correlated with comprehension score significantly but the high ones didn't. It indicated that low reading ability students benefited greatly from the iRuns strategies instruction. The annotation efficiecy was affected by using different types of annotating method (type vs. Copy-paste). Typing resulted in shorter annotations while copy-pasting produced better quality of annotation which demonstrated more highly relevant main ideas selected across texts.

In the traditional instructional method used in international trade, teachers provide knowledge to learners by lecturing using slides and setting assignments; however, these methods merely deliver international trade knowledge rather than facilitating student development of relevant skills. To solve these problems, we proposed a simulation-based learning system for international trade, combining international trade-process simulation and business letter writing. We investigated learner opinions toward the system and the quality of business letters by using quantitative and qualitative analyses. Regarding the results, learners perceived that the proposed system improved their knowledge of international trade and business English.

The driving dispute is a critical problem for drivers when the car accident is happened. The drivers usually install the car video recorder in their car to recode their driving images for many years ago. If a car accident is happened, the driver can provide a driving video file as an evidence to claim that they did not do any dangerous driving, and protect themself. However, in some situations, drivers may not in the car accident when driving the car, but they have the same requirement for a video record, because they want to use those video files to find out the crime in hit-and-run accident. Due to an evolution of social network, many people were post the required messages to find the driving videos recorded in some specific times and locations. In fact, such kind of messages can be beneficial for many people to solve the hit-and-run accident by using social networks and driving videos. The goal of this paper is to develop a framework which can provide a platform for users to upload their driving videos, and allow other users can search video by a given specific time, date and location from the frameworks’ database. This framework can also provide the application on mobile devices for user to recorder their driving videos, and this application can upload their driving video into the frameworks’ database automatically.

“Cloud computing” gradually flourish, a wide range of distributed storage systems are increasingly diverse, Like of Gluster, Ceph, Lustre, as well as Hadoop, etc.. In this paper, we propose a personal cloud storage system Integrated with pNFS, it can be accessed in parallel for scalable performance. Besides, data backup and failover mechanism are designed. We expect that the function of the proposed system, not only can improve performance, but also can improve the user’s privacy in order to provide better service quality in cloud storage.

High diffraction efficiency refractive index-modulated holographic micrograting on a polymer thin film was obtained with a single femtosecond laser pulse interference and photo-polymerization. The diffractive efficiency of the micrograting with an He-Ne laser is up to 78% when the thickness of the film is 90 µm, which corresponds to the refractive index-modulation as large as 2.4×10-3. The compared experiment with a femtosecond oscillator laser indicated that a single femtosecond laser pulse has the advantages in laser machining over the cw holography method such as high fabrication speed, good surface structure and high diffractive efficiency.

Human has entered the i§cloud agei¨ today, many resources can be put into cloud for further using and exploit. However, putting confidential data or private data to the public cloud has the security issue. Moreover, the construction cost of typical cloud storage is too high and need a lot of management effort of hardware, which is not affordable by person, SOHO and small companies. They need low cost but robust solution to build their private cloud. Thus, in this paper, a low cost, flexible, and recoverable private cloud storage system using NAS is proposed. Two core techniques named i§migrationi¨ and i§cell recoveryi¨ for enhancing the flexibility and recoverability are introduced and evaluated. The results show that the system is practicable.

i§Cloud computingi¨ has been popular in recent years, more and more service provider proposed cloud services especially cloud storage service. However, one of the worrying problems is data security. in this thesis, we proposed a whole service named SSTreasury+ which includes encryption application and cloud storage service. the user's data before uploading to the cloud could be encrypted first to prevent the data to be stolen during transmission or in the cloud storage. in addition, the decryption key which generated by our system can be portable to increase flexibility and convenience. in the back-end storages we use existing cloud storage as a backup storage in order to reduce constructing costs. We expected by the above methods to achieve a safe and flexible cloud storage service.

With the popularization of the Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications (DOCSIS) product, many devices have been installed in client sides. the issue of how to maintain the quality while providing quick repair becomes more and more important. in some practical circumstances, the cable modem may lose the factory data which include the calibration table and the digital certificates. These data are unique and vital for the regular operations of cable modem. the traditional way of handling the malfunction product is to ship back the product to the maintenance branch and replaces a working device for the customer. in this paper we will present a solution which is based on network coding over peer to peer (P2P) network to fix the problem automatically online, named Cable modem Auto-Recovery (CAROL).

The measurement theory of optical fiber F-P temperature sensor is analyzed according to difficult problem that temperature is real-time measured in the study of thermal interaction between laser and bio-tissue. The model of temperature and strain is established. The work point stabilization method of optical fiber F-P sensor is studied. The optimal model of low fineness optical fiber F-P sensing system is established based on the technique of dual optical wavelength stabilization. The experimental device of real-time measurement temperature is build. The experimental results show that the sensor has higher measurement precision and small bulk. And the hurt is little for bio-tissue. It can be used to the real-time temperature measurement of bio-tissue efficiency. When the sensor is used to the continuum temperature measurement, the maximum absoluteness error is 0.63°C and the maximum relatively error is 1.4%. When the sensor worked half hour, the maximum cumulate error is 1.3%.

Nowadays, the authentication methods of physical access control such as key, smart card, and OTP (One Time Password) card require extra hardware, and it is not easy to be aware of if they are lost because of the low using rate. Nowadays, mobile phone is one of the most common used and carry-on device. It would be detected in a shorter time when a mobile phone is lost because it was frequently used in daily time. One of the advantage of OTP is that it is only used once and it is securer compared to the fixed password. QR code is a kind of two-dimension matrix code, which has high encryption and decryption speed; it can not only store large information but also has the error-correction ability. In this paper, we try to develop a safe and efficient authentication way by using mobile phone and implement it for access control system. We take the advantage of one-time usage by using OTP, and store the secret information into QR code. Therefore, the proposed system enhances the security of physical access control systems.

A brief introduction of passive localization is presented in this paper. With the localization algorithm of wireless sensor networks, a novel algorithm classification is discussed. Outer node passive localization based on wireless sensor networks is analyzed, and a new localization algorithm is designed. The Monte-Carlo simulation experiment results demonstrate that the new algorithm has a better performance. The study done in this paper is valuable, and will have great utility.

The optical fiber F-p sensor deviates from working point easily because of machining error and external factors in practical applications. It leads to output signal attenuation and the decreasing of signal noise ratio. On this problem, the structure of optical fiber F-p sensor is designed. The technique of dual optical wavelength stabilization is put forward and adopted. Based on the technique, the system of low fineness optical fiber F-p sensor is designed. The mathematical model of sensing system is established. And differential evolution algorithm is introduced to establish the optimal model of sensing system for the first time. The structure of sensing system is simulated and optimized. The global optimization solution can be attained in shorter run time and the error is less than 10 -3 . The simulation results prove that this algorithm is proper and feasible, high efficiency and reliable. It can be applied to optimize and design the structure of optical fiber F-p sensor. Then a higher quadrature precision sensing system is designed and machined. Experimental setup of laser ultrasound optical fiber F-p sensing system is established for detecting surface waves. The experimental results show this sensor can detect surface waves effectively. It has higher sensitivity and larger signal-to-noise ratio.

There are two main techniques to disable GPS user receivers from performing navigation fix, either causing interference on transmission route segment or using directional signal radiation on satelliet segment. This paper introduces a new Denial of Service (DoS) technique of GPS receivers that operates on the user segment, which is based on hidden messages from the user segment. The paper focuses on the analysis of the feasibility and covertness of using a large number of reserved bits in GPS L1C Nav navigation message to carry and transmit hidden messages, as well as of the feasibility of using expanded data types of GPS L2C CNav navigation messages to transmit hidden messages. Based on the reserved bits in GPS L1C Nav, two formats of hidden messages are designed, with mainframe and superframe as basic carrying units for transmission. Besides, the paper presents four approximate representations of DoS target areas, and probes into the position matching in DoS of GPS receivers. The research in this paper shows that it is feasible to realize DoS of GPS receivers based on hidden messages and hidden messages are provided with high convertness by transmission channels.