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Hammond G. W. and Gurley-Calvez T. Heterogeneity in the determinants of local self-employment growth by gender, age and selected industry, Regional Studies. This study explores the determinants of self-employment growth across US regions and by gender, age group and industry. It uses Public Use Micro Sample (PUMS) data for the 2000–2006 period and finds that self-employment growth was faster for women than for men; that growth in the 45–64-year age group outpaced growth in the age 20–44-year group; and that growth was much faster in professional and business services than in healthcare. The regression results suggest that there is significant heterogeneity in the impact of regional characteristics on self-employment growth by gender, age group and industry.

Human capital is one factor that significantly influences local economic growth. Our goal in this research is to analyze trends in local human capital dynamics during the past thirty years. The authors find little evidence of convergence in college attainment across metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas and evidence of divergence across Census regions. The authors also find within-distribution divergence for all labor markets, as well as for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, which is accompanied by lower levels of intra-distributional mobility than we observe for the income distribution. To the extent that human capital accumulation drives growth, these trends are likely to contribute to increasingly different levels of income growth across labor markets in the future. Finally, looking at factors that influence upward mobility within the distribution, the authors find that an increase in the number of four-year colleges and universities per capita increased a labor market’s upward rank and quintile mobility in human capital.

The authors find evidence of income convergence across all substate labor markets in the lower forty-eight U.S. states during the 1969 to 1999 period. However, convergence is not expressed in a uniform way across metropolitan/nonmetropolitan regions, across time periods, or across census regions. The authors show that catching up within the distribution is more common for nonmetropolitan regions than for metropolitan regions. Furthermore, the largest metropolitan regions show strong tendencies to converge toward the bottom of their income distribution while at the same time showing comparatively little distributional mobility. This contrasts with results for the smallest nonmetropolitan regions, which show no evidence of convergence but high levels of intradistributional mobility. The authors also examine the relationship between human capital accumulation and industry mix and subsequent distributional mobility. The results suggest that educational attainment is positively correlated with growth for metropolitan regions, but it appears to be less correlated with upward mobility within the nonmetropolitan distribution.

We examine the mobility and modality trends in US state per capita personal income (and its components) during the 1929-1999 period. We find strong evidence of convergence for states, but that the tendency towards convergence (and the associated mobility within the distribution) varies during the period and especially for the 1980s. Our analysis of convergence by income component suggests that transfer income contributes more to the observed convergence than does asset income. We also note that distributional mobility need not be accompanied by high rank mobility and find that trends toward convergence in the US have tended to preserve rank ordering. Cet article cherche a examiner les tendances de mobilite et de modalitequant aux revenus personnels par tete (et a ses composants) aux Etats-Unis pendant la periode qui va de 1929 a1999. Il s'avere de fortes preuves d' une convergence entre Etats qui varie au cours de la periode etudiee (et qui va de pair avec une variation de la mobilite associee au sein de ...

This article examines spatial aspects of distributional dynamics and finds that the distribution of US metropolitan incomes relative to their neighbours has diverged during the 1969-1999 period. Use of a spatial Markov approach shows that non-metropolitan neighbours of metropolitan regions have tended to converge during the period, with roughly equal rates of upward and downward mobility within the distribution. Non-metropolitan regions, not neighbouring metropolitan regions, show much less tendency to converge and reveal higher rates of downward rather than upward mobility. Results highlight regional differences in mobility coherence, with metropolitan areas in the West tending to outpace their non-metropolitan neighbours.

In this, the 17th Foundation Annual Lecture, George Hammond asserts that the skills of public relations practitioners have never been more valuable than they are in this era of specialization. Yet, he says, these skills remain underutilized and poorly understood. To remedy this, Mr. Hammond says, public relations people must be tireless in their efforts to render service in “the best interests of the majority” and must understand how their goals are related to social movements.

The history, clinical findings, and treatment of the acute and chronic anterior tibial compartment syndromes have been presented. The diagnosis in the chronic syndrome is suggested by a history of pain in the anterior tibial compartment coming on only after strenuous exercise of the lower extremity and completely relieved by rest. In patients with symptoms characteristic of the chronic form of this syndrome the acute form of the anterior compartment syndrome may develop. Emergency fasciotomy should be done in patients with the acute anterior tibial compartment syndrome. In the chronic syndrome, fasciotomy may be indicated in those patients who do not desire or are unable to curtail their activities sufficiently to alleviate symptoms. Thirteen patients with the acute anterior tibial compartment syndrome and five with the chronic syndrome have been seen and illustrative case histories are presented.

Case reports illustrating acute and chronic osteomyelitis of these sesamoid bones of the feet have been presented. The infrequent occurrence, clinical picture, and treatment of the disease have been stressed.

• The finding of spondylolisthesis was accompanied by the complaint of backache with or without lower extremity pain in 72 of 73 patients; in the remaining case the symptom was that of unilateral sciatica. In 35 cases no history of trauma could be elicited. In five cases the fifth lumbar vertebra had slipped forward more than half the distance across the superior surface of the sacrum. The basic treatment in all 73 cases was an arthrodesis; in addition, protruding disks required excision in three cases. Sixty patients were restudied 3 to 19 years after the operation. The desired solid ankylosis had been achieved in only 24 patients. The pseudarthroses found in the other 36 were more frequent in the patients receiving bone grafts from a bone bank instead of iliac grafts, or confined to bed for only four weeks or less. Significant pain persisting in the legs after operation was explained by the finding of pseudarthrosis in 6 out of the 10 patients whose results were classified as fair or poor, but moderate pain continued also in 3 patients in whom solid fusion was achieved. It is recommended that further efforts be made to improve the technique of arthrodesis in this situation, that use of a bilateral spica cast to the knees be continued for three months after operation, and that early ambulation be avoided. The success of the operation should be verified by suitable roentgenograms, and a program of exercise and training should begin as soon as the patient becomes ambulatory.

From June, 1939, to January, 1953, 114 Vitallium mold arthroplasties of the hip for various disabilities were performed at the Lahey Clinic on 104 patients. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate, carefully and objectively, the end-results of this procedure by both history and clinical examination. 1 These patients ranged in age from 15 to 67 years, and 85% were between the ages of 20 and 59 at the time of operation. Fifty-eight per cent of the patients were females. The great majority of the patients complained of progressive, disabling pain in the hip, associated with stiffness, limp, and difficulty in walking. A few patients had ankylosis in poor position, which warranted operative correction. Arthroplasty was advised for 10 patients who had incapacitating bilateral hip disease. The exact diagnosis of the pathological process in the hip was readily indicated by the history, examination, and roentgenograms in the majority of

The operative treatment of fractures is increasingly gaining ground in accident surgery, where it is replacing conservative treatment since atraumatic operative techniques, corrosion resistant metal implants, improved instruments, and better knowledge of the healing of fractured bones have been attained. Operative treatment has become more acceptable to the surgeon by his better training, to the patient by his greater understanding.

Subject to the limitations inherent in the small series of patients presented, the following conclusions concerning acromionectomy in the treatment of chronic tendinitis of the shoulder seem warranted. Acromionectomy is a simple operation which is compatible with excellent shoulder function and leaves little cosmetic defect. It removes the friction upon the tendon lesion, brings about spontaneous absorption of any calcific deposit, and relieves the symptoms. Because of the high percentage of excellent and good results, this operation is recommended for the treatment of a small, carefully selected group of patients with chronic disabling tendinitis of the shoulder which has not responded to conservative treatment.

The condition now known as cutis verticis gyrata was first described by Robert in 1848. The second example of this disease was recorded by Devergie (cited by Meirowsky) in his book "Traite pratique des maladies de la peau," which was published in 1854. In 1893 McDowell, an English neuropsychiatrist, described a similar case occurring in an epileptic microcephalic idiot. In the same year, Cowan reported 2 cases of the same nature, occurring in idiots. Jadassohn, at the Ninth Congress of the Dermatological Society in 1906, in Bern, presented a patient whose scalp in the occipital region was arranged in irregular folds, varying from 0.75 to 1.5 cm. in width. He later reported 2 additional cases. Unna in 1907 reported 3 cases of a similar nature. These cases were characterized by a gyrate appearance of the scalp over the vertex and the back of the head, resembling in appearance the furrows