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At the moment, the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic is still attacking the health of humanity, and vaccines are the primary health strategy to eradicate this global challenge. So, with the exception of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, no vaccine for any disease has been brought to clinical use so quickly. Therefore, even with strict management, it can still bring some special adverse effects. One of the most notable is the adverse cardiovascular reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. No case reports of individuals with irreversible arrhythmia complications following the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine have been found in the available literature. We report the first case of a postoperative man with Marfan syndrome with atrial fibrillation after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

BACKGROUND Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposits (PGNMID) is a newly recognized rare disease. The renal pathology is characterized by prominent manifestations of membranous hyperplasia, which are easy to misdiagnose. The clinical symptoms are severe. Massive proteinuria and hypoproteinemia are conspicuous, and most patients are accompanied by renal insufficiency and microscopic hematuria. CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old woman was admitted to a hospital for macroscopic hematuria and proteinuria 4 years prior, and renal biopsy in the hospital suggested moderate-to-severe mesangial proliferating glomerulonephritis (MsPGN). She had taken a glucocorticoid, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, and other treatments and achieved brief partial remission. Recently, the patient visited our hospital due to massive proteinuria. Repeated renal biopsy and re-evaluation of the first biopsy obtained 4 years previously revealed monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition in the glomeruli. A bone marrow examination was performed to exclude hematologic malignancy, and a diagnosis of PGNMID was established. The patient showed remission after four cycles of a bortezomib + cyclophosphamide + dexamethasone scheme. CONCLUSION PGNMID is usually misdiagnosed as MsPGN or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Although it often occurs in middle-aged and elderly individuals, it cannot be readily excluded in young people, even when serum immunofixation electrophoresis is negative. IgG subtype and light chain staining are necessary when this disease is highly suspected. An accurate diagnosis at the earliest stage may avoid the overuse of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants.

BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) are classically thought to cause renal impairment and small vessel vasculitis with different pathophysiologies. Their overlap constitutes a rare rheumatologic disease. To date, only dozens of such cases with biopsy-proven glomerulonephritis have been reported worldwide typically in women of childbearing age. Here, we present a unique clinical case due to its rarity and individualized treatment of a Chinese man in his eighth decade of life. CASE SUMMARY A 77-year-old man was admitted to several hospitals for shortness of breath and received nonspecific treatments over the past 3 years. As his symptoms were not completely relieved, he visited our hospital for further treatment. Laboratory examinations revealed kidney dysfunction, severe anaemia, hypocom-plementemia, glomerular proteinuria, and microscopic haematuria. Antinuclear antibodies, as well as anti-dsDNA antibodies, were positive. Computed tomography of the chest showed right pleural effusion. Renal biopsy was performed, and histology suggested crescentic glomerulonephritis, pauci-immune type. After treatment with plasmapheresis, glucocorticoid, and cyclo-phosphamide, the disease was in remission, and the patient remained in a stable condition for over 3 years post-hospital discharge. CONCLUSION Due to its complexity and rarity, SLE and AAV overlap syndrome is easily misdiagnosed. An accurate diagnosis and treatment at the earliest stage may significantly improve the condition and reduce irreversible organ injury.

BACKGROUND Goodpasture syndrome (GS) is a rare disease, the morbidity of which is estimated to be 0.5-0.8 per million per year. Hemorrhage is the most serious complication in renal biopsy. Despite the fact that both GS and hemorrhage after renal biopsy are rare, it has not been reported that they are likely to occur in the same patient. CASE SUMMARY A 30-year-old man with diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage and rapid progressive renal function caused by anti-glomerular basement membrane disease presented atypical symptoms without hemoptysis, accompanied by life-threatening hypoxemia. Plasmapheresis was performed, and glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide were administered. The patient started to show signs of improvement. Percutaneous renal biopsy is an appropriate diagnostic measure that is commonly safe, but this patient experienced hemorrhage after operation, thus necessitating embolization of the renal artery to stop the bleeding. The patient's condition was improved, and the serum anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody level was 106 AU/mL (normal range: < 24 AU/mL) and slowly decreased. His discharge medications were oral daily prednisone (30 mg) and continued maintenance hemodialysis. CONCLUSION GS is a rare organ-specific autoimmune disease that is invariably ubiquitous in the lung and kidney areas. Renal biopsy is the appropriate procedure for the treatment of GS disease, although it is an invasive measure.

Flexible strain sensor devices were fabricated by depositing Pd nanoclusters on PET membranes patterned with interdigital electrodes. The sensors responded to the deformation of the PET membranes with the conductance changes of the nanocluster films and were characterized by both high gauge factor and wide detection range. The response characteristics of the strain sensors were found to depend strongly on the nanocluster coverage, which was attributed to the percolative nature of the electron transport in the closely spaced nanocluster arrays. By controlling the nanocluster deposition process, a strain sensor composed of nanocluster arrays with a coverage close to the effective percolation threshold was fabricated. The sensor device showed a linear response with a stable gauge factor of 55 for the applied strains from the lower detection limit up to 0.3%. At higher applied strains, a gauge factor as high as 200 was shown. The nanocluster films also demonstrated the ability to response to large deformations up to 8% applied strain, with an extremely high gauge factor of 3500.

In order to improve the capability of soft fault diagnosis in an analog circuit, an integrated diagnosis method based on KSLPP feature extraction and ELM is proposed. The KSLPP feature extraction ability is firstly used to construct the principal component feature set from the fault sample set. Then, the advantage of ELM on solving the complicated nonlinearity problem is applied to build the fault identification model from the principal component feature. Finally, the sample sets of soft fault diagnosis for the analog circuit are respectively established by waveform parameter and wavelet packet transform to conduct the diagnostic test for the built model. The simulation of Elliptic Filter shows that, based on the fault sample set gotten by waveform parameter, the total correct rate of the integrated method is 98.2%; on the basis of the fault sample set built by wavelet packet transform, the total correct rate is 100%. The feasibility and effectiveness of this method are also validated.

Ultraviolet irradiation was used to tailor the surface plasmon band of the densely distributed aluminium nanoparticle arrays fabricated by gas-phase deposition. We showed that the broad surface plasmon resonance band of the as-prepared sample could be tuned to a sharp and strong resonance band in the deep ultraviolet optical range, with a large blue shift of the peak wavelength. The evolution of the surface plasmon resonance properties was attributed to the ultraviolet irradiation-improved surface oxidation of the nanoparticles, which eliminated the near-field couplings between the closely spaced nanoparticles by increasing their interspacing.

Highly reflective diffuse boards or integrating spheres illuminated with lamps are routine laboratory equipment for 2D radiometric calibration. The traceability chain to validate the measurement results is from absolute cryogenic radiometer (spectral power and then spectral power responsivity) through filter radiometer (spectral radiance at single wavelength), standard blackbody radiation sources (spectral radiance over a wavelength range), and calibrated spectroradiometers (spectral radiance responsivity over a wavelength range), to the large area spectral radiance sources for large area optical sensors and imaging spectroradiometers. However, due to (1) the fairly long traceability chain, (2) the non-uniformity of lamp illuminated diffuse boards and integrating spheres, (3) the relatively low spectral power from the broadband source for high spectral resolution, and so on, the calibration uncertainties for spectral radiance and irradiance responsivity are above the level of a few per cents. In order to improve the calibration performance, tunable lasers have been widely adopted to generate a large, uniform radiometric calibration source. For instance, an integrating sphere can be illuminated with a wavelength tunable laser to form a good spectral radiance field. Though very high laser power is necessary if the exit port of the integrating sphere is large. An alternative way is to directly unify and expand the laser beam for a good spectral irradiance field. In this work, we built a large, uniform, spectrally tunable irradiance field based on a Ti-Sapphire laser. First, two double-convex lenses were employed as a beam expander; second, a rotary diffuser was placed at the common focal point of the two lenses; thirdly, the expanded optical beam was then delivered onto and through a micro lens array to form a highly uniform spectral irradiance field with a size of 30 mm by 30 mm. The non-uniformity was measured to be 0.24% over a 20 mm by 20 mm area. The total optical losses through the beam expansion and unification system would be significantly reduced compared with integrating sphere method. The traceability chain is from the absolute cryogenic radiometer (spectral power and then spectral power responsivity) and the effective radiometric aperture area to the photodetector with a precision aperture (spectral irradiance responsivity), and then to the large, uniform, laser-based spectrally tunable irradiance field (spectral irradiance) for the calibration large size optical sensors and imaging spectroradiometers. The traceability chain is short, the non-uniformity is low, and the signal-to-noise ratio is high, compared to that based on the lamp illuminated boards and integrating spheres. Furthermore, the laser-based spectral irradiance field can be easily converted to a large, uniform spectrally tunable radiance field by simply placing a large-size, highly reflective diffuse board in the irradiance field. The laser-based irradiance and radiance field would play an important role for radiometric calibrations with low uncertainties.

Laser sources have been well adopted in spectrophotometry and optical materials measurements with excellent advantage of high spectral output power and hence large signal-to-noise ratio compared with traditional lamp sources. However, continuous wave lasers normally have very small tuning spectral range, due to either the limited bandwidth of the gain profile or low conversion efficiency due to the limited amount of pump power. Pulsed laser sources can be generated via nonlinear processes such as optical parametric oscillation or amplification and so on to cover a wide spectral range. For instance, supercontinuum laser sources have been developed with above 1 W/nm collimated spectral power over the visible to mid-infrared range. The output of the supercontinuum laser sources can be extended to cover UV range via second harmonic generation. Normally the spectral bandwidth of the output can be from tens to thousands nm and a monochromator or its equivalents can be used to select or tune the desired working wavelengths. The repetition rate of the laser sources can be from a few Hz to more than 1 GHz, with reduced pulse interval and efficiency due to more distributed pulse energy and hence peak power. A pulsed laser source with an original pulse width of ~ 130 fs, a repetition rate of ~ 80 MHz, and the spectral range from 280 to 2000 nm is applied for spectrophotometry calibration and research works have been devoted to converting the pulsed laser into continuous wave in order to improve the measurement linearity. Optical fiber bundles were used to divide each laser pulse into hundreds of small pulses via different optical path length and then recombine them for a temporally further distributed pattern. Two different types of optical fibers were adopted for the bundle, one for 280 nm ~ 700 nm wavelength range, and the other for 700 nm ~ 2000 nm. The numerical aperture of the optical fiber is 0.22 and the core diameter is ~ 200 μm. Each bundle has 100 pairs of optical fibers with different lengths. The refractive indices were extrapolated over the wide spectral range and used to calculate the optical fiber lengths for uniform time interval after recombination. The optical losses of the optical fibers over the wide spectral range were evaluated. After taking the spectral optical losses, fiber lengths, and input beam spatial power distribution into account, the arrangement of the optical fibers with different lengths at the input terminal was optimized for overall high performance over the two desired working spectral range. The time interval, relative power, spatial distribution of the distributed pulses throughout the designed optical fiber bundles were validated using a highspeed photodetector and oscilloscope. The optical fiber bundles can be useful for a variety of spectrophotometry calibration and optical materials measurement works using pulsed laser sources.

With the development of electric power system, Power-frequency Magnetic Field (MF) has become a matter of concern recently. In order to speed up the computation and modeling process, the small-scale experimental technique and simplified model for air-core reactors are introduced as a novel way to assess the MF of air-core reactors in this paper. Firstly, the scaling rules of the parameters for air-core reactors are summarized. Then, the scaling rules modification is put forward to reduce the error. Thirdly, three simplified models were established for air-core reactors, including one loop model, two loops model and three loops model. It is concluded after that the two loops model in configuration 2 can be considered as the optimal simplified model.

the reliability and vibration performance test of vibratory rollers have been done in the test field to ensure that the vibratory roller meet the quality requirement. At present, the indoor test stand for vibratory roller has not yet been studied at home and abroad. This paper designs the indoor test stand for vibratory roller and makes simulation analysis by the numerical model of vibration-drum and test stand. The vibration isolation system of test stand is determined as a function of the test stand mass (m2), the stiffness of rubber tire (k1) and the stiffness of the vibration isolation block (k2). The test results showed that the vibration drum-test stand model can account for the vibration isolation system.

In this work, the degradation of GaN-based packaged white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) caused by accelerated humidity testing will be investigated using non-destructive failure analysis tools, namely the mixed statistical distribution, spectrum analysis and parameters extraction. Physical failure analysis techniques are then used to verify and conclude the deduced failure mechanisms obtained by the non-destructive failure analysis tools.

An automatic multi-wavelength filter radiometer (MWFR) was developed at the National Metrology Centre (NMC) of Singapore to realize the spectral irradiance scale in the wavelength range from 250 nm to 1600 nm. The UV–VIS range (250 nm to 900 nm) is covered by a silicon trap detector with 17 filters, while the near IR range (900 nm to 1600 nm) is covered by an InGaAs photodiode with 7 filters. A complete run of measurements at all 24 wavelength points takes only 12 min. The spectral irradiance scales of NMC and MIKES/TKK (Finland) in the spectral range from 280 nm to 900 nm were compared successfully using this instrument. Measurement results of three standard lamps calculated using MIKES/TKK's algorithm showed excellent repeatability and very good agreement with their assigned values. It is concluded that, compared with the conventional monochromator based spectroradiometers, a properly designed MWFR with sufficient spectral coverage is a good alternative instrument for spectral irradiance comparison owing to its faster speed and better short-term reproducibility.

Aim There is an increasing evidence for the role of high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relevance of HPV infection to the survival and prognosis of OSCC. Methodology Fifty-two patients with OSCC were followed from 4 to 88 months with a median of 50.7 months. HPV DNA was identified in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens by nested PCR with MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+ primer pairs and the HPV genotype was determined by direct DNA sequencing. Association between the HPV status and risk factors for cancer as well as tumor-host characteristics were analyzed. Survival curves were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed using the log-rank test. Results HPV was found in 40.4% of the tumors with HPV16 accounting for 63.5%, HPV18 for 30.8%, HPV6 for 3.9% and HPV11 for 1.8%. No infection with more than one HPV genotype was detected. HPV infection was significantly associated with poor histological grade, TNM stage I–II, alcohol usage and no smoking status. Multi-variate analysis showed that HPV had an independent prognostic effect on the overall survival after adjusting other confounding factors such as histological grade, TNM stage and tobacco usage. The presence of HPV was significantly correlated with a better survival in patients with OSCC. Conclusion HPV infection can act as an independent predictor for the survival and prognosis of OSCC.

The cascading (step-down) technique is often employed in spectral regular transmittance measurement of high optical density samples using a spectrometer in order to improve its measurement accuracy and to extend its measuring range. The uncertainty evaluation for such a measuring process is more complicated than that for a single-step measurement. In this paper, we focus on the evaluation of the uncertainty induced by wavelength-setting in the spectrometer, which is of particular importance when the transmittance of the sample at the wavelength of measurement is not spectrally flat, making its contribution to the total uncertainty dominant. It is shown that for glass filters commonly used for calibration of spectrometers the evaluation can be greatly simplified after taking into account the correlation effect arising from the cascading process. The proposed methods were validated by direct experimental verification.

The effects on the calibration uncertainties of industrial ultraviolet radiometers of spatial non-uniformity in the irradiance beam and detector response are studied both theoretically and experimentally. The results show that an error of a few parts in 102 or more could easily arise from the non-uniformity of the beam used in calibration if the effective receiving area of the test meter head differs significantly from that of a standard meter head. This error can be removed effectively by an area-correction technique based on a charge-coupled-device (CCD) camera.

The time-of-flight method was used to calibrate an optical fiber length standard and its uncertainty of measurement was evaluated theoretically and experimentally according to the Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM), JCGM 100:2008. The major uncertainty components in the measurement of transit time difference were identified and analyzed. The uncertainty due to temperature instability was investigated experimentally in the temperature range from 20 °C to 25 °C using a temperature chamber with precise temperature control. The temperature coefficient of the fiber length standard was derived by linear regression of the measurement data. The experimental results showed that the temperature control is critical for the calibration of optical fiber length standard. When the temperature instability was improved from ± 2 °C to ± 0.1 °C, the expanded measurement uncertainties for the optical fiber length standard (optical length : ~11780 m) were significantly reduced from 0.16 m to 0.014 m at wavelength of 1310 nm and from 0.19 m to 0.015 m at wavelength of 1550 nm.

In China, it is more and more difficult and expensive to see a doctor. One of the deep reasons goes to the situation that the hospitals and medicine are bound together and that medicine is supplemental to support the hospitals. This article sets forth a brief and direct balance model on supply and demand in pharmaceutical market and analyses the policy of separation of pharmacies from hospitals on Micro-Economics. The construction of the models and analysis has provided a new solution to solve the problem of fostering hospitals with medicine and to implement the separation of hospitals and medicine.

Phase conjugation reflectivity greater than unity has been obtained in BSO in the wavelength range 570–590 nm via degenerate four-wave mixing in the usual retroreflection geometry by applying an audio-frequency ac-sinusoidal electric field. An intensity modulation at twice the field frequency in the generated signals was observed for the first time.

User adaptation is critical in the future design of human-computer interaction systems. Many pattern recognition problems, such as handwriting/sketching recognition and speech recognition, are user dependent since different users' handwritings, drawing styles, and accents are different. Hence, the classifiers for solving these problems should provide the functionality of user adaptation so as to let all users experience better recognition results. However, the user adaptation functionality requires the classifiers have the incremental learning ability in order to learn fast. In this paper, an SVM-based incremental active learning algorithm is presented to solve this problem. By utilizing the support vectors and only a small portion of the nonsupport vectors as well, in addition to the new interrogative samples, in the iterative training and reclassification cycle, both the training time and the storage space are saved with only very little classification precision being lost. Theoretical analysis, experimentation, evaluation, and real application samples in our online graphics recognition system are presented to show the effectiveness of this algorithm.

A special calibration tool has been developed for a CCD camera based vision system in an automatic assembly machine. The machine is used to attach orifice plates onto a silicon wafer in a production process. The center locations of the positioning circular holes on the plate must be controlled accurately to coincide with those on the wafer die before they are attached together by UV curing. Although CCD camera based vision systems are widely used for accurate positioning and dimensional measurements in precision engineering, electronics and semiconductor industry, their calibrations are normally done by artefacts with plane patterns. These artefacts are therefore restricted to only two dimensional measurements. The calibration tool we developed was to check the positioning accuracy of circular objects in a two-layered structure. It can also be used to determine parallax errors, non-linearity and spatial non- uniformity errors as well as repeatability of the vision system with an uncertainty at sub-micrometer level. The design, calibration and performance of the tool are described in detail in this paper.

We have constructed a laser measurement system for automatic calibration of height setting micrometer. This automation is accomplished by an interactive software tool which performs essential calibration functions. The instrument incorporates a double frequency stabilized laser based on the heterodyne measurement technique. Positioning of height setting micrometer is undertaken by a X-Y stage driven by the servo motors and calibration is performed by combining laser and electronic probe readings. Abbe offset tilting error is eliminated by using the double-path interferometer scheme. The instrument has a capability of measurement range 0 - 350 mm, resolution 40 nm, expanded uncertainty of height measurement better than 0.5 micrometer at the 95% confidence level over the full range. The whole calibration procedure can be completed in two hours making it much more efficient than the conventional method of gauge block comparison. The instrument can also be applied to various linear measurements with high accuracy to reduce the measuring time and to simplify the measurement setup.

A method is described for the calibration of vertical piezoelectric transducer (PZT) stages using a large range metrological atomic force microscope (LRM-AFM). A vertical PZT stage is mounted onto the system andanoptical-flat sampleisattachedonthetopofthePZTstage.TheAFM probe is operated in contact mode and used as a null indicator to measure the movement of the optical-flat as it is driven by the PZT stage. As the PZT stageisscannedvertically,theAFMprobeisincontactwiththetestsurface without lateral scanning. The displacement of the vertical stage of the LRM-AFM is measured by the integrated laser interferometer, and the corresponding laser interferometer readings and the nominal position of the PZT stage are recorded. This body of data is then used to establish the relationship between the laser interferometer reading and the nominal displacement of the PZT stage. Our results show that this method can be used to calibrate PZT stages up to a range of 250 μm with an expanded uncertainty of less than 5 nm. © 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engi

APMP.PR-S1, a supplementary comparison of irradiance responsivity of UVA detectors, was carried out among seven national metrology institutes piloted by SPRING Singapore from 2003 to 2005. Two quantities, the narrow band UV (365 nm ± 5 nm) irradiance responsivity and the broad band UVA (315 nm–400 nm) irradiance responsivity of the transfer detectors, have been compared. Commercial UV source (medium pressure mercury short arc lamp) and UVA detectors were used as transfer standards in the comparison. Measurement results from participants were reported and their uncertainties associated with the comparison were analysed in this report. The method of weighted mean with cut-off was used to calculate the comparison reference values. The results from most participating labs lie within ±5% against the comparison reference values with a few exceptions. The degree of agreement of the comparison depends not only on the base scales of spectral responsivity and spectral irradiance of a laboratory, but also equally importantly on the method used for the measurement. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the APMP, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).

The observation of self-induced transparency on the magnetic dipole 2P1/2 F = 3 5 2P3/2 F′ = 4, j MF = 0 transition of atomic iodine has been extended to cover pulse areas up to 4 ~. Laser pulses of various areas have been shown to be reshaped considerably by the coherent field-matter interaction. Pulses have been found to narrow by two-thirds for a 3 ~ -pulse. The lower limit of the homogeneous relaxation time T′2 of atomic iodine vapour is determined from pulse broadening and transmission measurements.

A multi-functional differential spectral responsivity (DSR) measurement system for primary calibration of the shortcircuit current (SCC) of reference solar cells with WPVS (World Photovoltaic Scale) design [1] is reported in this paper. Based on the dual beam principle, the system is able to measure DSR at different bias levels, spatial uniformity, linearity, temperature coefficient of the spectral responsivity of reference cells in the spectral range from 280 nm to 1200 nm. The measurement principle, system design and construction as well as the performance of the system are described in this work. An uncertainty ≤ 1% for SCC measurement is confirmed by experimental results.