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The rapid growth of Renewable Energy Sources and, in particular, of photovoltaic (PV) increase the importance of effective and accurate tool for plant inspection. The Artificial Intelligence (AI) applied to PV plant thermographies acquired by Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) provide a boost to the productivity thanks to a faster and more effective anomaly detection that determines valuable impact on margin increase and technical resolution of issues over photovoltaic power plants

The increasing concern about the deficiency of energy resources and the risky outcome of fossil fuel emission has started a new necessity of trustworthy and cleaner green power sources such as sola...

With the rapid development of renewable energy, China has encountered some issues with the quality and efficiency of energy. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive index system to evaluate the development level of clean energy. Based on the Qinghai green power index system, this paper establishes a quantitative evaluation model that combines subjective and objective weighting to evaluate the development level of green power. Furthermore, the identification method of weak links restricting the development of green power is proposed. The results of the numerical test using actual data consistent with the actual situation, which proves the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method.

The article reports questions, in correlation to the choice of rechargeable batteries for autonomous photovoltaic systems for transport purposes, based on solar radiation in a given area and necessary to meet the need to select a period of time. Concentration of energy in energy storage makes it possible to build off-grid installations, home autonomous systems, common conventional gas stations that can be used as charging stations for electric vehicles, incl. and electric trucks and is a great example of considering “green power” in freight, civil and domestic transport (warehouses, logistics bases, manufacturing). A completely new aspect of energy storage, which has been discussed recently, but may play an important role in the near future, is the storage of electricity in batteries, incl. and electric cars. The idea is that car batteries will generally be charged at night, and if an intelligent distribution network is implemented, the charging cycle itself can be controlled centrally or by neural networks.

Graphical abstract, The outbreak of the novel COVID-19 has dominated the world stage, and its consequences, both direct and indirect, are expected to prove to be even more pervasive over time. The COVID-19 pandemic has struck the renewable energy manufacturing facilities, supply chains, and companies and slowed down the transition to the sustainable energy world. The global decline in economy-driven demand could damage the positive trend of green and low-carbon energy progress. Although it is too early to judge how profound the negative effects of the pandemic on the global renewable and sustainable energy systems will be, a significant short-run contraction to the development of renewables is inevitable. Therefore, the energy and climate policies may require to be restructured based on the new circumstances. In this context, several beneficial stimuluses should be offered by the governments to persuade the private sectors and society to invest on renewables. Undoubtedly, intelligent policies could convert the menaces of COVID-19 to the great opportunities for renewables and ultimately the world’s sustainable energy scenario could return to its long-term trajectory toward green power generation and utilization over the next few years.

[ENG] The Europe 2020 Strategy is aimed at making the EU into a smart, sustainable and inclusive economy by 2020. This Strategy has to promote environmental policies and economic opportunities. Back in 2007 Italy was performing slightly below average and way below the most advanced EU Member States as far as percentage of green energy of the total energy produced in Italy. Measures were taken and though the Italian regulation around green energies has been hectic though effective. Italian legislation recently passed will put emphasis on the relevance of a Green Power strategy by guarantying an attractive minimum price per Kw produced through clean and environmental friendly sources, notably from Wind energy sources. Within the sector a new area is grafting attention: the mini wind farms. The Trentino Alto Adige region in Northern Italy has taken particularly profit of the national legal framework and has develop a further regional frame that has placed the region on top of the Italian green energy production charts. The local idiosyncrasy is making of the mini wind farms a case study. [SPA] La Estrategia Europa 2020 tiene como objetivo convertir a la UE en una economía inteligente, sostenible e integradora para 2020. Esta estrategia ha de generar políticas medioambientales y oportunidades económicas. Hacia 2007, Italia se comportaba ligeramente por debajo del promedio y muy por debajo de los Estados miembros más avanzados de la UE en la producción de energía verde como porcentaje de la energía total producida en Italia. Se tomaron medidas y, aunque la regulación italiana en torno a las energías verdes ha sido voluble, sí ha resultado efectiva. La legislación italiana recientemente aprobada pone énfasis en la relevancia de una estrategia de energía verde al garantizar un precio mínimo atractivo por Kw producido a través de fuentes limpias y amigables con el medio ambiente, especialmente de fuentes de energía eólica. Dentro del sector, una nueva área que está atrayendo atención son los mini parques eólicos. La región de Trentino Alto Adige en el norte de Italia se ha beneficiado particularmente del marco regulatorio nacional y ha desarrollado un nuevo marco local, que ha colocado a la región en la cima de las listas italianas de producción de energía verde. La idiosincrasia local está haciendo de los mini parques eólicos un caso de estudio. Paper supported by the research group “Grupo de Investigación para el Estudio y seguimiento del ciclo económico de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (GESCE-URJC)”.

This paper reviews the existing well-developed green power markets around the world and attempts to derive some important lessons applicable to the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. In the past few years, all GCC countries have introduced major plans to shift to cleaner renewable electricity production and have started implementation of the energy transition. This study investigates the potential for voluntary consumer-focused green power markets—markets that are still missing in the GCC countries - that can coexist with the government-mandated objectives. The main focus is on the residential sector, since it is the major electricity consumer in GCC countries. The opportunities and challenges facing these markets are discussed followed by some policy recommendations.

Today, the integration of membrane reactors with low-temperature fuel cells for power production is one of the pathways toward sustainable development and green power production. This chapter analyzes the advantages/disadvantages of membrane reactors compared to conventional systems, paying special attention to the role of inorganic membranes—particularly, to Pd- and/or Pd-alloy-based membranes—due to their special characteristics of high H2 perm-selectivity with respect to all other gases. This particular behavior is necessary to ensure highly concentrated H2 streams under specific purity requirements of low-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.

A resident's willingness to pay(WTP) for the environmental improvement of renewable energy source (RES) is supposed to be highly correlated with the information he or she acquires. This paper provides both theoretical proof and empirical evidence of resident's cognitive bias regarding green power. A large-scale field survey was conducted in Shanghai and more than 3000 respondents were selected to examine their WTP for green energy. Applying double-bounded dichotomous contingent valuation method (DBDC), this paper elicits the urban residents' WTP for green power and identifies the information effect. Given all the other factors, our research shows that accurate information provision on the costs and environmental improvement effects compared to thermal power would reduce the residents' WTP for RES. The emission information of thermal power, however, would insignificantly change the residents' WTP for RES. The result indicates that residents in urban China have cognitive bias regarding the costs and environmental benefits of RES. Blind testing or improper way of information provision are essential aspects to be avoided for the purpose of eliciting real WTP from consumption side.

Power storage systems offer numerous attractive characteristics of contemporary smart grids such as improved system stability, efficient demand response, and lower bills. Uncoordinated loading of ESUs, though is exhausting and can lead to an end of the power system. This paper uses blockchain and intelligent agreements to create a decentralised loading system with no need for a centralised load coordinator. The first ESU tokens can be used for authenticating itself anonymously in the blockchain. The ESU will give a request to charge the clever agreement address for the blockchain. This includes the state-of-charge (SoC), time to comprehensive chariots (TCC) and the quantity of charge required. This smart contract will then run the charge coordination process self-running, to postpone stresses for lower priority ESUs on potential time slots. ESUs with the top priorities are paid on the current slot. Each ESU should ensure the accurate measurement of charging schedules. Finally, our study indicates that performance costs can be appropriate in terms of gas usage while allowing de-central charge coordination, while increasing transparency, trustworthiness, and privacy conservation. We applied the projected gadget for the Ethereum test bed blockchain.

This paper investigates the demand determinants of green power in the U.S. residential sector. The data employed were collected by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and consist of a cross-section of seven utilities observed over 13 years. A series of tests are performed that resulted in estimating a demand equation using the one-way cross-section random effects model. As expected, we find that demand is highly price inelastic. More interestingly though, is that elasticity with respect to number of customers is 0.52 leading to the conclusion that new subscribers tend to purchase less green power on average than the existing customers. Another compelling finding is that obtaining accreditation will have a 28.5% positive impact on consumption. Knowing that gaining green accreditation is important to the success of programs, utilities may want to seek certification and highlight it in their advertising campaigns.

Storing pulsed energy harvested by triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) from ambient mechanical motion is an important technology for obtaining sustainable, low-cost, and green power. Here, we introduce high-energy-density Li-S batteries with excellent performance for storing pulsed output from TENGs. The sandwich-structured sulfur composites with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and polypyrrole serve as cathode materials that suppress the shuttle effect of polysulfides and thus preserve the structural stability of the cathode during Li-ion insertion and extraction. The charging time and energy storage efficiency of the Li-S batteries are directly affected by the rotation rates of the TENGs. The average storage efficiency of the batteries for pulsed output from TENGs can exceed 80% and even reach 93% at low discharge currents. The Li-S batteries also show excellent rate performance for storing pulsed energy at a high discharge current rate of 5 C. The high storage efficiency and excellent rate capability and cyclability demonstrate the feasibility of storing and exploiting pulsed energy provided by TENGs and the potential of Li-S batteries with high energy storage efficiency for storing pulsed energy harvested by TENGs.

The recent trend in most developed countries has been toward greater reliance on renewable or “green” energy sources. This paper investigates how price volatility in residential electricity rates impacts consumers' preferences for green power. Using a choice-based experiment, we present respondents with choice scenarios that feature two electric utility plans: (i) a conventional plan where electricity is generated from either coal or natural gas, and (ii) a green plan where electricity is generated renewably from either wind or solar. We then systematically vary the monthly price volatility of each plan across choice scenarios. Our results suggest that price volatility in monthly rates significantly impacts respondents' plan choices and, specifically, their decision to adopt the green power plan. In particular, increased volatility in the green power plan reduces the likelihood of respondents choosing the green plan, while increased volatility in the conventional plan increases the likelihood of respondents choosing the green plan. Moreover, the documented effects of price volatility are robust across different price premiums for the green power plan.

International audience; Energy consumption is a major aspect to consider when designing large scale high performance computing HPC systems. Integrating renewable energy sources to the power supply of an HPC system is an efficient solution to lower its carbon footprint, but it is one faced by challenges since the power production of most renewable sources is variant while the power consumption of the system varies with the workload. Advanced workload management techniques in combination with powering down idle machines allow to increase the efficiency of this solution. We tackle here the problem of scheduling independent tasks on a multi-machine platform that is exclusively run with green energy. We propose different power constrained scheduling algorithms, and evaluate them through an experimental study on an HPC model that considers the possibility to switch machines on or off.

Based on environment economics analysis, the methodology of the optimal capacity allocation of pumped hydro storage plant(PHSP) for the peak load regulation in power system with wind power integration considering environment benefit contribution degree(EBCD) is proposed. The indices named environment benefit contribution degree and economic benefit contribution degree(ECBCD) are presented, which evaluate the improvement of the green power and economic power by the PHSP separately. Based on EBCD, ECBCD and the well-being peak load regulation capacity requirement model, a model for optimizing the capacity of PHSP is established, which takes into account both EBCD and ECBCD of PHSP. The case studies were carried out for a power system, and the results verified the effectiveness and reasonableness of the presented model.

The Chinese government has made many adjustments regarding the original green power certificate policies. Under the new policy, renewable energy power generation enterprises will face new green certificate pricing dilemmas and the quota subject will also face new transaction decision-making problems. Based on the existing market problems, this paper analyzes the positive impact of the new policy on the green certificate market and the main factors affecting green certificate pricing and trade decision-making under the new policy. It also establishes a dynamic marginal price model for quota subjects participating in green certificate trading. Finally, it puts forward relevant decision-making suggestions for promoting the vigorous development of the green certificate market in China.

In this new 4-page publication from the Environmental Horticulture Department, Edmund Lee Thralls presents a basic method of how to construct a solar-powered water feature in your garden. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep571

After successful demonstration of the Ultimate Trough Technology within the test loop in California [1], the Ultimate Trough collector was selected by a Spanish-Saudi Arabic consortium for the first commercial project in Duba. Figure 1 represents a picture of the DUBA Green Power Plant in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), nearly completed as of February 2018. As the plant location is close to the border of the Red Sea, special engineering efforts had to be performed on possible corrosion issues and high wind loads. Solutions for this and further particularities in the Ultimate Trough collector design for the project are presented in this article.

Different methodologies have been embraced on reaping encompassing energy as economical, support free, and green power hotspots for driving some little gadgets because of the increased energy crisis. Triboelectric nanogenerators can harvest mechanical energy with effortlessness, cost-effectiveness, and robustness with the concept of electrostatic induction and triboelectric effect. A flexible TENG based on paper and PET has been fabricated of 4×1.8Inch2 which generated the 16V with the output power of 11.42µW at the load of 25MΩ, which can power up several Light Emitting Diodes LED’s and commercial capacitor rating of 4.7µF also charged with the TENG.

Green electricity products are increasingly made available to consumers in many countries in order to address a number of environmental and social concerns. Most of the literature on this green electricity market focuses on consumers’ characteristics and product attributes that could affect participation. However, the contribution of this environmental consumerism to the overall environmental good does not depend on participation alone. The real impact relies on market participation for green consumers (the proportion of green consumers) combined with the level of green consumption intensity – the commitment levels, or proportion of consumption that is green. We design an online interface that closely mimics the real market decision environment for electricity consumers in Western Australia and use an error component model to analyze consumers’ choice of green electricity products and their commitment levels. We show that product attributes have limited impact on the choice of green products; however, there is still great potential for better participation by improving the design of green electricity programs. When green products are selected, most respondents select the minimum commitment possible, and this is insensitive to the premium being charged on green power, suggesting that we are largely observing a buy-in ‘warm glow’ for carbon mitigation.

This article aims to explore the land-use planning which will guide the green industry in Taiwan, pragmatic to a potential high-quality offshore wind field, to raise the first “Regenerated Energy Operation Center”, “Green Energy Industry Zone”, “Green Energy Education Exhibition Center” of the Changhua Coastal Industrial Park. As well as the declaration from the traditional highly polluting industry transform into energy saving and emission reduction green process, and actively promote the green energy-saving products. The researchers take Zhanghua Lugang water-hardware industry zone for example, compare and analyze how the land use related planning strategy, construct the regenerated energy industry development system, attract green power and appropriate surrounding industries stationed, and guide the relevant traditional industries to effectively shift towards the green industry. Under the reasonable structure of the whole space, it is expected to build a sustainable environmental basis for the development of green industry compatible with ecology and living environment.

The paper deals with few solutions for the integration of a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) realized with color dye-sensitized solar cells, some of them produced by ENI Donegani Institute and analyzed by Politecnico di Milano. By this paper, we want to show the versatility of LSC panel either on the facade of a building or on urban lighting.

The New Hanover County Public Library’s Consumer Health librarian secured an Innovation grant from the North Carolina State Library to purchase exercise bicycles, generators, and kids’ reading tablets. This column outlines the experiences of the NHC-PL with this innovation grant.

The main intent of the power transformer design optimization in the tendering stage is to find those mechanical and electrical parameters, which minimize the machines’ total cost of the ownership by reducing the different power losses and the manufacturing costs. To find the optimal transformer design parameters and make them harmonize with the economic constraints is a labour intensive task, because these quantities are linked with complex trade-off and physical functions. The capitalization of the load and no-load losses facilitate this process. The focus of this paper is to examine the sensitivity of the design parameters from the capitalization factors. Three different scenarios are presented and analysed in this paper, where the transformers are connected to various stochastic or schedulable green power generation resources. This paper presents the optimal transformer design’s dependency from the various scenarios of different green power generation resources.

This chapter explores the issues associated with the interaction between Canada-United States (US) relations and the attempted “greening” of power systems through increased use of renewable electricity. It reviews the different support schemes that exist for renewable electricity across these two countries. The potential advantages of renewable sources of energy are also stimulating new thinking about power supply. The age of the facilities generating the renewable electricity is also relevant, for a number of jurisdictions require a particular share of the green power to be sourced from “new” facilities. The fact that renewable electricity is promoted for both local and global reasons would also seem to encourage some kind of “middle ground” approach. Although the ideal “middle ground” approach still has yet to be fully elaborated, its importance was identified and key directions for further action highlighted.

For the distribution of renewable energy (RE) products (e.g., green power, heat from RE) direct selling is a very suitable strategy, especially as an element of multichannel distribution. Both product criteria (necessity of explanation, emotionality) and the business model (viability for sales commissions, win–win–win constellation) play a role in the choice of distribution model. Door-to-door selling, a very common classic sales technique, will be applied here—with good reason. The argument is supported by an example (green power) to illustrate how this can be implemented in practice.

Green power generation technologies' interconnection to form hybrid Microgrids are seen as promising option for rural electrification in developing countries like Nepal. The use of distributed energy resources like micro-hydropower plant (MHP), Wind Turbines (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) systems are common for rural communities and there are possibilities of interconnection of these sources to form Green and Hybrid Microgrids. The paper presents the viable options and technical aspects of Green and Hybrid Microgrid. The paper also presents two cases of Green and Hybrid Microgrid installed for rural electrification in Nepal © 2017 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.

What green energy labels are of current significance in Germany’s voluntary green power market and how do they differ from one another? What is the environmental co-benefit of a green power product, and what role does this play when marketing the product? What is the difference between a generation certification and product certification?

The green certificate represents the non-energy benefits of green power, namely, the social marginal benefits of green energy such as fossil energy substitution and environmental protection. Starting from the study of the US green certificate trading mechanism, this paper sorts out the types of green certificate market and transactions, the regulatory system and policy benefits, and compares the situations in China, aiming to propose three major issues needed to be clarified as well as summarizing the experience and problems of of building a green certificate trading market in the United States.

Adam Maidment discusses how some of the world's biggest brands have embraced green power and the lessons to be learned.

A megujulo energiatermeles szerepenek erősodeset figyelhetjuk meg az utobbi evekben, evtizedekben. A zoldenergiak iranti igenyt harom fő motivatorcsoporttal lehet indokolni: ellatasbiztonsag novelese, kornyezetvedelem es gazdasagelenkites. Ezek a szempontok egyuttesen a fenntarthato fejlődest szolgaljak, es egyre inkabb előterbe kerulnek mind az EU, mind pedig hazank szintjen. Magyarorszag 2010 vegen az EU altal előirt, 2020-ra elerendő 13%-os megujulo energiaaranyt meghalado, 14,65%-os vallalast tett a Nemzeti Cselekvesi Tervben, ezzel is kifejezve elkoteleződeset a zoldenergiak osztonzese fele. A jelenlegi kapacitasok tobb mint megketszerezeset igenylő cel a hazai megujulo energiaszektor szamara erdemi lehetősegeket jelent, de ezek megvalositasahoz szukseg lenne az igert uj zoldenergia-tamogatasi rendszer, mielőbbi eletbe lepesere. ____ The role of the renewable energy generation is getting even bigger and bigger in the last years, decades. The demand for the green energy has three main motivators: energy security, protecting the environment and fostering innovation. These goals serve the conception of sustainable development, and their function is increasingly highlighted in the EU and in Hungary as well. The EU has prescribed Hungary to reach a 13% share of renewable energy sources in 2020, but in the Hungarian national renewable action plan we have aimed to top the EU request, and to reach a 14,65% in the renewable proportion. This shows that our country is committed to inspire the renewables. In order to reach this goal, Hungary has to more than double its green power plant capacity, which means great possibilities in the sector; but at the same time means challenges as well, because the new renewable promoting system needs to come into force as soon as possible.

The purpose is to implement data sharing and exchange of each application system, establish integrated & technology-supported platform for regional grid dispatching, build data source based on EMS system and platform of visual panoramic model and interoperation centered on CIM, realize visual and unified management of regional grid data and basic resource sharing and exchange, promote construction and development of application integration system and intelligent grid management in Nanchang area.

Facing the energy crisis and the requirement of green power, China is making great efforts to fulfill the international cooperation on renewable energy electricity aimed at protecting the security of electricity supply and economy development. This paper firstly utilizes the tool of SWOT strategy analysis to make a research on internal and external environment of international cooperation on renewable energy electricity in China. Secondly discusses the current situation and existing problems of international cooperation from four dimensions of strength, weakness, opportunity and threat. Then, gives a propose of four different kinds of international cooperation strategies based on the combination analysis of SWOT matrix. Finally puts forward the detailed implementation strategies of the policy recommendations for international cooperation on renewable energy electricity.

This paper mainly is study on power system working state with neutral point different grounded methods, when the power system is normal working and the single-phase grounding. And further analysis of the different operating modes of voltage and current relationships, expounds the different operation occasions and characteristics.

A significant amount of green power is being installed at the distribution level through the installation of green power generation facilities in the U.S. and Canada. This paper discusses green-power-generating sources (of 10 MW or less), which are connected to the utility system at the distribution level, and their impact on the distribution system. This paper also discusses the impact of smart grid and whether this new technology can solve some of the issues raised in this paper. Distribution circuits are designed to supply radial loads. Therefore, the introduction of green generation could mean redistribution of fault and load currents on the feeder circuit, overvoltage, and ferroresonance, plus a possible loss of protection system coordination-all of which can result in customer outages. This paper discusses these issues which are generally not well understood by many distribution protection engineers and can adversely affect distribution system reliability.

This paper presents the analytical models of power consumption in macrocell, microcell, picocell and femtocell based networks. Five case studies are presented in this paper where macrocells, microcells, picocells and femtocells are deployed based on the number of mobile subscribers present in a region, mobile user traffic in that region and the area of the region where cellular coverage has to be provided. A comparative study is performed between the power consumption by the base stations in each of these five cases and that of the only macrocell based network. The simulation results demonstrate that using each of these five strategies the power consumption by the base stations can be minimized than that of only macrocell based network. Based on the power consumption by the base stations in these five schemes, we have categorized the networks into five classes, A, B, C, D and E, each of which contains cells of different types to reduce power consumption to achieve green cellular network.

In this paper, we propose GreenGear, the first heterogeneous strategy that incorporates wimpy servers into existing green data centers to dynamically deal with power mismatches. Our techniques exploit intelligent green power scheduling policies to provide efficiency-aware power management. We evaluate the GreenGear design on a prototype installed in a test-bed. Compared with a homogeneous server system, GreenGear is able to significantly increase the effective use of the renewable and battery power sources without the supplement of grid power, extending their runtime by 57%, lengthening the UPS lifetime by 2.04X, and improving renewable energy utilization by 51%.

Renewable energy sources are large but some are variable and intermittent. The wide-scale use of renewable energy sources for energy supply will require the adoption of ways to compensate for their variability. This book reviews the technical options looking at their pros and cons and how they might work together to support a reliable and sustainable energy system. This is a rapidly advancing area of research and practice and Balancing Green Power offers an ideal introduction to the field.

Renewable energy sources are large but some are variable and intermittent. The wide-scale use of renewable energy sources for energy supply will require the adoption of ways to compensate for their variability. This book reviews the technical options looking at their pros and cons and how they might work together to support a reliable and sustainable energy system. This is a rapidly advancing area of research and practice and Balancing Green Power offers an ideal introduction to the field.

The positive role that music and musicians play in developing awareness and raising funds for a wide variety of social, environmental, and philanthropic causes has been well documented by the popular press and media coverage (Robinson 2012). Consequently, the actions of musicians are under greater levels of scrutiny and fans demand more from musicians than “just” music. For example, live music festivals are expected to address the environmental impact of the events including the availability of recycling, using green power, and offering environmentally friendly merchandise (Laing and Frost 2010). Further, a 2012 survey of over 2000 music festival attendees found that the responsibility to minimize the environmental impact of music festivals generally rests with the organizers and the attendees themselves (A Greener Festival 2012). The question remains regarding how the increasing prominence of such activities by musicians influences music consumers and fans of individual bands and artists. The aim of this study is to explore the role that socially responsible consumption plays in the consumption of music. Specifically we explore the role of social responsibility across a variety of consumption activities including individual decision-making (i.e., downloading music legally, recycling at concerts, avoiding socially irresponsible musicians, and supporting local musicians). In addition we examine the levels of awareness, interest and support for individual musicians, artists, record labels, and live music festivals that engage in socially responsible activities.

Renewable energy sources are large but some are variable and intermittent. The wide-scale use of renewable energy sources for energy supply will require the adoption of ways to compensate for their variability. This book reviews the technical options looking at their pros and cons and how they might work together to support a reliable and sustainable energy system. This is a rapidly advancing area of research and practice and Balancing Green Power offers an ideal introduction to the field.

This paper examines how policy makers could become better incrementalists by taking a fresh look at the concept of incrementalism. In particular, the paper explores and reframes the factors that mitigate the practice of incrementalism on Green Power Electricity (GPE) adoption. This study thus offers potential lessons on how and why incrementalism is an integral part of the way policy makers make resource allocation decisions.

Successful renewable energy developers are able to obtain and retain project financing. Their projects are typically funded through a combination of equity provided by the developer and investors, as well as short- and long-term debt provided by lenders. Despite the political appeal of renewable energy projects and the popular perception that massive amounts of funding are readily available at the turn of a tap, developers face increased difficulty in the current economic environment in obtaining both equity and debt financing for projects. Equity participants, lenders, and other project participants are applying more stringent evaluations of the operations, finances, and credit of the developer. Additionally, because the cooling of the economy has slowed energy demand, utilities not subject to mandatory standards are less eager to pay a premium for green power. It is more important than ever for developers to explore every avenue of project funding to ensure a successful, viable project. This ar...