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The authors proposed “Solution Transportation Absorption Chiller” which is driven by wasted heat and transfers absorbent solution instead of chilled water. It consists of generator-condenser pair on the heat source side, absorber-evaporator pair on the demand side and pipelines between them. In this study, the authors investigated the heat transportation performance of the system experimentally with the distance of 100 m, 200 m and 1000 m. The results suggest that the proposed system can work for transporting cooling with ammonia-water mixture as the working fluid. It was obtained that the COP of the system was the same as that of conventional absorption chiller without transportation. In other words, the performance does not suffer from the new function of long distance transportation. It can be concluded that the solution transportation is technologically feasible and also effective to replace conventional fossil fuels with remote wasted heat sources.

We have been investigating the marine microbial fuel cell(MFC) composed of biofilm covered stainless steel cathode and TiO2 coated stainless steel anode in seawater. It is necessary to improve the properties of anode electrode for increase the power density of MFC. The purpose of this study is to improve the photo-potential characteristics of TiO2 anode. In the present work, we focused on the film formation method of TiO2 for the improvement of photo-potential properties by introducing screen printing method with the annealing into the coating process of TiO2 film. The electrode was stainless steel Type 329J4L (40mm in square, 1mm thickness) coated by TiO2 film. Titanium dioxide film was composed of two layers formed by repetition of film forming process with two methods of squeegee printing and screen printing. Sintering condition of first layer took 60 minutes at 150°C and took 30 minutes at 550°C for second layer. The composition of TiO2 paste was as follows, TiO2(anatase):16, alcohols:17 and H2O:67 in mass.%. After film formation, electrodes were annealed with changing heat treatment temperatures. Annealing temperatures were 100°C, 150°C and 200°C, cooling method was air cooling. TiO2 electrodes were immersed in the 1 liter artificial seawater as an electrolyte and photo-potential was measured using the potentiostat with saturated calomel electrode(SCE) as a reference electrode. The light source irradiated was 150W Xenon lamp which was calibrated 250nm to 800nm and quantity of light was 10.5mW/cm2on the electrodes surface. We measured photo-potentials three times under the light irradiation for each electrode. Steady photo-potentials of electrode manufactured by the squeegee method were -548mV(vs.SCE) at the experiment of first run, -510mV(vs.SCE) at the second and -515mV(vs.SCE) at the third. The increase of photo-potential occurred was considered by the substrate corrosion resulted from small cracks of TiO2 film during the sintering. On the other hand, steady photo-potentials of the electrode manufactured by the screen printing method were -517mV(vs.SCE) at the experiment of first run, -518mV(vs.SCE) at the second and -517mV(vs.SCE) at the third. It was considered that uniformly formed film by the screen printing improved the durability of film. From the results, the durability of electrodes improved reproducibility of repetition by the introducing the screen printing method. It was considered that corrosion which affects the photo-catalytic reaction of TiO2, was suppressed by forming the uniform film due to the screen printing method. We investigated also the effect of annealing process to the electrode which was coated TiO2 film by the screen printing method. Photo-potentials of electrodes were -557mV(vs.SCE) at annealing temperature of 100°C , -589mV(vs.SCE) at 150°C and -593mV(vs.SCE) at 200°C. It is considered that the increase of the oxygen defect by the annealing process improved the semiconductor intrinsic properties of the TiO2 film.

It is effective to recover waste heat to reduce primary energy consumption. From this point of view, we proposed and examined a new idea of heat transportation using ammonia–water as the working fluid in the system named the Solution Transportation Absorption chiller (STA). As waste heat sources are not necessarily located close to areas of heat demand, conventionally, absorption chillers are located on heat source side and produce chilled water that is transported to heat demand side through pipelines with an insulation. In contrast, the proposed system STA divides an absorption chiller into two parts. The generator and the condenser are located on heat source side while the evaporator and the absorber are on heat demand side. Both the conventional system and STA system satisfy the same boundary condition of heat recovery and heat supply to the demand side, STA can work for transferring thermal energy as the conventional system does even though the temperature of the media is ambient without an insulation. Our previous studies of the STA were based on the experimental investigation with the STA facility where the cooling power was 90[Formula: see text]kW (25.6 refrigeration ton) at the generator temperature 120[Formula: see text]C from 0[Formula: see text]m (normal absorption chiller) to 1000[Formula: see text]m. Thus, the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of STA was found to have almost the same value of 0.65 with conventional absorption chillers without depending on the transportation distances. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of generator temperature from 100[Formula: see text]C to 120[Formula: see text]C on the performance of solution transportation of ammonia–water solution, because the generator temperature is directly linked to the waste heat temperature, so its effect needs to be investigated. The experimental facility tested the performance with 0[Formula: see text]m (normal absorption chiller), 200[Formula: see text]m and 500[Formula: see text]m distance. The results indicate that the effect of the generator temperature and solution transportation distances showed no significant on the COP.

Electron microscopic study of lung tissue in the state of fibrosis from desquamative interestitial pneumonia, idiopathic hemosiderosis and diffuse interstitial fibrosis of unknown etiology demonstrated the abundant presence of acanthosomes in granular pneumocytes which were adjacent to developing elastin fibers or collagen. By analogy with similar observations in fibroblasts, it is suggested that the granular pneumocyte may be important to the process of repair in the lung.

We have developed a new analytical method that uses nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging data to quantify lung water content and distribution. This new method generates a distribution of lung water density in which the fraction of voxels corresponding to a given water density is plotted on the vertical axis as a function of water density on the horizontal axis, thereby complementing the spatial information provided by the NMR image. We obtained reproducible lung water distribution data at comparable lung volumes in normal excised lungs and in intact living rats. In normal excised unperfused rat lungs, the distribution varied with the degree of inflation, but the changes were small compared with those associated with lung edema. The lung water density distribution changed markedly after induction of lung edema by intrabronchial saline instillation, intravenous oleic acid injection, and rapid intravenous saline infusion. Lung water density distribution data were well correlated (correlation coefficient = 0.948 for the excised lungs and 0.823 for the intact living rats) with gravimetric lung water measurements. The new analytical method is noninvasive, provides easily repeatable measurements, and is as sensitive as the gravimetric technique to lung water changes.

Of the complex aminosugar antibiotics, streptomycin-dihydrostreptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin have attained to some degree of clinical application. Kanamycin and gentamicin are reported to rival neomycin in antibacterial potency, 1 without partaking so generously of its toxic properties. However, careful comparison of these agents, taking into account the critical differences in molecular weight, apparently has not been carried out. This report presents the results of side-byside comparisons of equimolar quantities of neomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and dihydrostreptomycin with regard to (1) toxicity for bacteria, ie, in vitro antibacterial activity against 246 clinical isolates of gramnegative bacilli; and (2) toxicity for mammalian cells, ie, acute, lethal toxicity to Swiss-Webster albino mice on injection intravenously, intraperitoneally, or intramuscularly. These experiments were concerned with acute toxicity. Consequently, the known, late-appearing, differences in otovestibular toxicity of streptomycin-dihydrostreptomycin 2 were not relevant. Dihydrostreptomycin, as a chemical derivative of streptomycin, is available in higher purity than is