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Ezeldine K Abdalhabib,1 Denise E Jackson,2 Badr Alzahrani,1 Elyasa Elfaki,1 Alneil Hamza,1 Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali,1 Fehaid Alanazi,1 Abdulrahman Algarni,3 Ibrahim Khider Ibrahim,4 Muhammad Saboor5,6 1Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, AlQurayyat, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia; 2Thrombosis and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia; 3Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Borders University, Arar, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan; 5Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 6Medical Research Center (MRC), Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Muhammad SaboorDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 54 495 9029Email msaboor@jazanu.edu.saEzeldine K AbdalhabibDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences-AlQurayyat, Jouf University, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 538949566Email ezeldine@ju.edu.saPurpose: DNA damage to hematopoietic progenitor cells is an essential factor for leukemia development as a failure of the host DNA repair system to fix errors in DNA. This study aimed to assess the association of XRCC1 gene polymorphisms including Arg194Trp, Arg399Gln, and Arg280His with the risk of development of CML in Sudanese population.Patients and Methods: The present study was conducted on 186 newly diagnosed patients with CML, aged 19– 70 years (118 males and 68 females; mean age of 46.15± 13.91 years) and 186 normal healthy controls (123 males and 63 females; mean age of 44.94± 8.97 years). Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay was utilized to analyze the XRCC1 (Arg194Trp, Arg399Gln, and Arg280His) gene polymorphisms.Results: The genotypic frequencies of Arg399Gln polymorphism in cases were 131 (70.4%) homozygous Arg/Arg, 46 (24.7%) homozygous Gln/Gln, and 9 (4.8%) heterozygous Arg/Gln as compared to the controls ie, 153 (82.3%), 73 (14.5%), and 6 (3.2%), respectively. The Arg399Gln variant genotypic frequencies significantly differed between the cases and controls (χ2 = 7.249, P = 0.027). By comparison, no statistically significant difference was observed in the variant genotype frequencies between the cases and controls in terms of Arg194Trp and Arg280His polymorphisms.Conclusion: XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphism might have an important role in increasing the risk of chronic myeloid leukemia among Sudanese patients. Furthermore, all tested three polymorphisms showed no association of risk of the development of CML with age and gender.Keywords: XCCR1, chronic myeloid leukemia, polymorphism

Multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell malignancy, is characterised by lesions in multiple bones involving transformed, matured post-follicular B cells. The course of the disease involves an initial development of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), followed by smouldering MM, before the full MM disease emerges. Despite novel therapies, MM remains incurable, managed by combination therapies, including proteasome inhibitors (PIs), immunomodulators (IMiDs) and anti-human CD38 (daratumumab). MM patients have an increased risk of thromboembolic events due to combination treatments with IMiDs, PIs and anti-human CD38 antibody, and steroids. This review will examine the efficacy and pro-thrombotic effects of MM therapies.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, debilitating condition that has a significant effect on the lives of patients, their families, and society at large. Aims: The aim is to determine the clinical profile and any comorbidities associated with RA patients in the Sudair region of Saudi Arabia. Subjects and Methods: Sixty patients were included in this cross-sectional observational study, both newly or already diagnosed with RA, fulfilling the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for RA. They were followed up in the rheumatology clinic in King Khalid Majmaah Hospital in the Majmaah province from January 2017 to December 2020. Results: The subjects' mean age was 47.87 ± 11.55 years, 52 female and 8 male (female-to-male ratio 6.5:1). About 23.3% of patients with RA had positive family history. The main comorbidities and associated diseases were hypertension (18.3%) and hypothyroidism (15%). The most frequently involved joints were the wrist, metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, elbow, and knee joints. Subjects were positive in 66.7% for rheumatoid factor and 78.3% for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide. Both markers were positive in 60% of the patients. Conclusion: Approximately one-quarter of the studied group had a family history of RA. Hypertension followed by hypothyroidism was the most common comorbidities reported in our study.